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Psaltis E, Zaitoun AM, Neal KR, Lobo DN. Immunohistochemical inflammation in histologically normal gallbladders containing gallstones. World J Surg 2024; 48:1662-1673. [PMID: 38777749 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to establish features of inflammation in histologically normal gallbladders with gallstones and compare the expression of inflammatory markers in acutely and chronically inflamed gallbladders. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gallbladders for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2R, and substance p in three groups: Group I (n = 60) chronic cholecystitis, Group II (n = 57) acute cholecystitis and Group III (n = 45) histologically normal gallbladders with gallstones. Expression was quantified using the H-scoring system. RESULTS Median, interquartile range expression of mucosal IL-2R in Groups I (2.65, 0.87-7.97) and II (12.30, 6.15-25.55) was significantly increased compared with group III (0.40, 0.10-1.35, p < 0.05). Submucosal IL-2R expression in Groups I (2.0, 1.12-4.95) and II (10.0, 5.95-14.30) was also significantly increased compared with Group III (0.50, 0.15-1.05, p < 0.05). There was no difference in the lymphoid cell IL-6 expression between Groups I (5.95, 1.60-18.15), II (6.10, 1.1-36.15) and III (8.30, 2.60-26.35, p > 0.05). Epithelial IL-6 expression of Group III (8.3, 2.6-26.3) was significantly increased compared with group I (0.5, 0-10.2, p < 0.05) as was epithelial TNF-α expression in Group III (85.0, 70.50-92.0) compared with Groups I (72.50, 45.25.0-85.50, p < 0.05) and II (61.0, 30.0-92.0, p < 0.05). Lymphoid cell Substance P expression in Groups I (1.90, 1.32-2.65) and II (5.62, 2.50-20.8) was significantly increased compared with Group III (1.0,1.0-1.30, p < 0.05). Epithelial cell expression of Substance P in Group III (121.7, 94.6-167.8) was significantly increased compared with Groups I (75.7, 50.6-105.3, p < 0.05) and II (78.9, 43.5-118.5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Histologically normal gallbladders with gallstones exhibited features of inflammation on immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Psaltis
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abed M Zaitoun
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keith R Neal
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Divison of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Szymaszkiewicz A, Mierzejewski M, Januszkiewicz E, Machelak W, Talar M, Włodarczyk J, Świerczyński M, Kordek R, Fichna J, Zielińska M. The role of bidirectional communication between the adipokines and the endogenous opioid system in an experimental mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:112-126. [PMID: 38236555 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Multiple factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC, including the abnormalities in the functioning of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) or adiponectin-related signaling. The aim of our study was to evaluate if differences in the expression of opioid receptors (ORs) influence the development of CRC and if modulation of adiponectin receptors using AdipoRon, a selective AdipoR1 receptor agonist, affects colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was injected intraperitoneally every second day for 2 weeks, at the dose of 1 mg/kg in healthy Balb/C mice to induce changes in ORs expression. CRC was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and the addition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) into drinking water in three-week cycles. The development of CRC was assessed using macro- and microscopic scoring and molecular analysis (RT qPCR, ELISA) after 14 weeks. RESULTS Naltrexone significantly increased the mRNA expression of Oprm1, Oprd1, and Oprk1 in the mouse colon and in the brain (non-significantly). The pretreatment of mice with naltrexone aggravated the course of CRC (as indicated by tumor area, colon thickness, and spleen weight). The level of circulatory adiponectin was lowered in mice with CRC and increased in the colon as compared with healthy mice. The β-endorphin level was increased in the plasma of mice with CRC and decreased in the colon as compared to healthy mice. AdipoRon, AdipoR1 agonist, worsened the CRC development, and pretreatment with naltrexone enhanced this negative effect in mice. CRC did not affect the expression of the Adipor1 gene, but the Adipor1 level was increased in mice pretreated with naltrexone (AOM/DSS and healthy mice). AdipoRon did not influence the expression of opioid receptors at the mRNA level in the colon of mice with CRC. The mRNA expression of Ptgs2, Il6, Nos2, Il1b, Il18, Gsdmd, and Rela was increased in mice with CRC as compared to the healthy colon. AdipoRon significantly decreased mRNA expression of Ptgs2, Il6, Il1b, and Il18 as compared to CRC mice. CONCLUSION EOS and adiponectin-related signaling may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRC and these systems may present some additivity during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szymaszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Mierzejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Januszkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Weronika Machelak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Świerczyński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Molecolab, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Łódź, Poland.
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3
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Sala-Cirtog M, Sirbu IO. Analysis of MicroRNA-Transcription Factors Co-Regulatory Network Linking Depression and Vitamin D Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1114. [PMID: 38256187 PMCID: PMC10815958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and vitamin D deficiency are often co-occurring pathologies, the common pathogenetic ground of which includes an augmented inflammatory response. However, the molecular details of this relationship remain unclear. Here, we used a bioinformatic approach to analyze GEO transcriptome datasets of major depressive disorder (MDD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to identify the hub genes within the regulatory networks of commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The MDD-VDD shared regulatory network contains 100 DEGs (71 upregulated and 29 downregulated), with six hub genes (PECAM1, TLR2, PTGS2, LRRK2, HCK, and IL18) all significantly upregulated, of which PTGS2 (also known as COX2) shows the highest inference score and reference count. The subsequent analysis of the miRNA-transcription factors network identified COX2, miR-146a-5p, and miR-181c-5p as key co-regulatory actors in the MDD-VDD shared molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Subsequent analysis of published MDD and VDD transcriptome data confirmed the importance of the identified hub genes, further validating our bioinformatic analytical pipeline. Our study demonstrated that PTGS2 was highly upregulated in both depressive patients and patients with low vitamin D plasma levels. Therefore, regulators targeting PTGS2, like miR-146a-5p and miR181c-5p, may have great potential in controlling both diseases simultaneously, accentuating their role in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sala-Cirtog
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Huang S, Wang K, Huang D, Su X, Yang R, Shao C, Jiang J, Wu J. Bisphenol AF Induces Prostatic Dorsal Lobe Hyperplasia in Rats through Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16221. [PMID: 38003411 PMCID: PMC10671145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) represents a common environmental estrogenic compound renowned for its capacity to induce endocrine disruptions. Notably, BPAF exhibits an enhanced binding affinity to estrogen receptors, which may have more potent estrogenic activity compared with its precursor bisphenol A (BPA). Notwithstanding, the existing studies on BPAF-induced prostate toxicity remain limited, with related toxicological research residing in the preliminary stage. Our previous studies have confirmed the role of BPAF in the induction of ventral prostatic hyperplasia, but its role in the dorsal lobe is not clear. In this study, BPAF (10, 90 μg/kg) and the inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, 100 mg/kg), were administered intragastrically in rats for four weeks. Through comprehensive anatomical and pathological observations, as well as the assessment of PCNA over-expression, we asserted that BPAF at lower doses may foster dorsal prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The results of IHC and ELISA indicated that BPAF induced hyperplastic responses in the dorsal lobe of the prostate by interfering with a series of biomarkers in NF-κB signaling pathways, containing NF-κB p65, COX-2, TNF-α, and EGFR. These findings confirm the toxic effect of BPAF on prostate health and emphasize the potential corresponding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China; (S.H.); (K.W.); (D.H.); (X.S.); (R.Y.); (C.S.); (J.J.)
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200237, China
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Wei W, Wang J, Huang P, Gou S, Yu D, Zong L. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces proliferation and reduces apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through STAT3 activation. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:161-169. [PMID: 36933092 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a potent pro-inflammatory factor that plays an important role in establishing a complicated connection between inflammation and cancer. TNF-α promotes tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis according to numerous studies. Studies have shown the significant role of STAT3, a downstream transcription factor of another important inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 in the development and progression of different tumors especially colorectal cancer. In the present study, we investigated whether TNF-α has a role in proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through STAT3 activation. HCT116 cell line as human colorectal cancer cells was used in this study. Major assays were MTT assay, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), flow cytometric analysis, and ELISA. Results showed that TNF-α significantly increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of all the STAT3 target genes related to cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis compared with control. Moreover, our data showed that the STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of its target genes significantly were reduced in the presence of TNF-α + STA-21 compared with TNF-α-treated group demonstrating that the increase in genes expression partially was due to the TNF-α-induced STAT3 activation. On the other hand, STAT3 phosphorylation and mRNA levels of its target genes were partially decreased in the presence of TNF-α + IL-6R supporting the indirect pathway of STAT3 activation by TNF-α through inducing IL-6 production in cancer cells. Given the growing evidence for STAT3 as a key mediator of inflammation-induced colon cancer, our findings support further investigation of STAT3 inhibitors as potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Gou
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Daihua Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China.
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Alotaibi AG, Li JV, Gooderham NJ. Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)-Induced Metastatic Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer Epithelial Cells: Mechanistic Support for the Role of MicroRNA-21. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:627. [PMID: 36765584 PMCID: PMC9913347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic changes in cells to confer phenotypes that promote metastatic transformation and development. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory mediator, regulates cellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and is associated with the progression of the metastatic phenotype. Oncogenic miR-21 has been shown to be overexpressed in most solid tumours, including colorectal cancer, and is known to target proteins involved in metastatic transformation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TNF-α and miR-21 regulation in colorectal cancer epithelial cells (SW480 and HCT116). We observed that TNF-α, at concentrations reported to be present in serum and tumour tissue from colorectal cancer patients, upregulated miR-21 expression in both cell lines. TNF-α treatment also promoted cell migration, downregulation of the expression of E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 (a validated target for miR-21). Knockdown of miR-21 had the opposite effect on each of these TNF-a induced phenotypic changes. Additionally, in the SW480 cell line, although TNF-α treatment selectively induced expression of a marker of metastatic progression VEGF-A, it failed to affect MMP2 expression or invasion activity. Our data indicate that exposing colorectal cancer epithelial cells to TNF-α, at concentrations occurring in the serum and tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients, upregulated miR-21 expression and promoted the metastatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah G. Alotaibi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- National Centre for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, KACST, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia V. Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nigel J. Gooderham
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Individual and Combined Effect of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol AF on Prostate Cell Proliferation through NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012283. [PMID: 36293141 PMCID: PMC9602908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) can induce prostatic dysfunction. However, to date, studies have focused little on the perturbations of prostate health initiated by the BPA derivative bisphenol AF (BPAF) and co-exposure to bisphenol compounds. An in vivo study orally administrated male rats with BPA (10, 90 μg/kg), BPAF (10, 90 μg/kg) and the inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC, 100 mg/kg). Based on the anatomical analysis, pathological observations and PCNA over-expression, we considered that low-dose BPA and BPAF facilitated ventral prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The results of IHC and ELISA mirrored the regulation of NF-κB p65, COX-2, TNF-α and EGFR in BPA- and BPAF-induced prostatic toxicity. An in vitro study found that the additive effect of combined exposure to BPA (10 nM) and BPAF (10 nM) could cause an elevation in the proliferation of and a reduction in the apoptosis level of human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) and fibroblasts (HPrF). Meanwhile, the underlying biomarkers of the NF-κB signaling pathway also involved the abnormal proliferative progression of prostate cells. The findings recapitulated the induction of BPAF exposure and co-treatment with BPA and BPAF on prostatic hyperplasia and emphasized the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Al-Maghrabi J, Khabaz MN. Cyclooxygenase-2 immunohistochemical expression is associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer: Retrospective study and literature review. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:687-693. [PMID: 35830999 PMCID: PMC9749694 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.7.20220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the immunohistochemistry phenotype of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer (BC) and to correlate it with histological and clinical prognostic factors. METHODS This retrospective study utilized COX-2 monoclonal antibody in an immunohistochemistry staining of tissue microarrays slides of 570 cases of previously diagnosed BC and with 52 of normal breast tissues from breast specimens resected for benign lesions or reconstruction (fibroadenoma and normal breast epithelium). This project was carried out in the Laboratory of pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2019 and September 2021. RESULTS The present data showed an important connection between the COX-2 expression phenotype and BC compared to benign breast tissues (p=0.034). The expression pattern of COX-2 was allied significantly with some factors which distinguished aggressive subtypes of BC, such as stage, distant metastases, lymphovascular invasion, and poor survival. CONCLUSION Cyclooxygenase-2 is a valuable marker that could facilitate BC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- From the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi), Faculty of Medicine; from the Department of Pathology (Khabaz), Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Mohamad N. Khabaz, Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5298-7690
| | - Mohamad N. Khabaz
- From the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi), Faculty of Medicine; from the Department of Pathology (Khabaz), Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, and from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Yu Z, Gao J, Zhang X, Peng Y, Wei W, Xu J, Li Z, Wang C, Zhou M, Tian X, Feng L, Huo X, Liu M, Ye M, Guo DA, Ma X. Characterization of a small-molecule inhibitor targeting NEMO/IKKβ to suppress colorectal cancer growth. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35260565 PMCID: PMC8904520 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NEMO/IKKβ complex is a central regulator of NF-κB signaling pathway, its dissociation has been considered to be an attractive therapeutic target. Herein, using a combined strategy of molecular pharmacological phenotyping, proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, Shikonin (SHK) is identified as a potential inhibitor of the IKKβ/NEMO complex. It destabilizes IKKβ/NEMO complex with IC50 of 174 nM, thereby significantly impairing the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we also elucidated the potential target sites of SHK in the NEMO/IKKβ complex. Our study provides some new insights for the development of potent small-molecule PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Yu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Meirong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
- Neurology Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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10
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Meloxicam Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Enhances the Sensitivity of Immunotherapy via the MicroRNA-200/PD-L1 Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4598573. [PMID: 35237322 PMCID: PMC8885196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4598573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. Although the research achievements of tumor immunotherapy have made great progress, especially the combination of immune targeted therapy has achieved good curative effect in HCC, but only a few patients are suitable for it and benefit from it. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new effective drugs to treat HCC or to enhance the sensitivity of immunotherapy. Methods. Meloxicam, a COX2 inhibitor with strong anti-HCC potential, was screened from 800 small molecules approved by FDA. The effect of meloxicam on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cell lines was evaluated by cell phenotype analysis. The Human Protein Atlas database and the TISCH database were used to analyze COX2 data in single cells, and the TISIDB database was used to analyze the correlation of COX2 with immune function. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to evaluate the level of PD-L1 and CD155 in HCC cell lines treated with meloxicam and further explore its possible mechanism. In vivo experiments were applied to verify the effect of meloxicam combined with anti-PD1 therapy on HCC tumor growth in mice. Results. Meloxicam can significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells. The TISIDB database indicated that the COX2 was strongly associated with immunoinhibitors and immunostimulators. Meloxicam upregulated the level of PD-L1 in HCC cell lines and animal models. In terms of mechanism, meloxicam inhibited microRNA-200, thereby upregulating PD-L1. In vitro experiments showed that both meloxicam and anti-PD1 had inhibitory effects on the growth of HCC tumors. Compared with meloxicam and anti-PD1 alone, the combination therapy showed stronger antitumor properties. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that meloxicam enhanced the antitumor immune activity in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion. Our study showed meloxicam inhibited HCC progression and enhanced the sensitivity of immunotherapy via the microRNA-200/PD-L1 pathway.
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11
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Psaltis E, Zaitoun AM, Neal KR, Lobo DN. Immunohistochemical Inflammation in Histologically Normal Appendices in Patients with Right Iliac Fossa Pain. World J Surg 2021; 45:3592-3602. [PMID: 34392384 PMCID: PMC8572837 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologically normal appendices resected for right iliac fossa pain in children demonstrate immunohistochemical markers of inflammation. We aimed to establish if subclinical inflammation was present in histologically normal appendices resected from adults with right iliac fossa pain. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendices for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2R and serotonin in four groups: Group I (n = 120): uncomplicated appendicitis, Group II (n = 118): complicated appendicitis (perforation or gangrene), Group III (n = 104): histologically normal appendices resected for right iliac fossa pain and Group IV (n = 106) appendices resected at elective colectomy. Expression was quantified using the H-scoring system. RESULTS Median, interquartile range expression of TNF-α was increased in Groups I (5.9, 3.1-9.8), II (6.8, 3.6-12.1) and III (9.8, 6.2-15.2) when compared with Group IV (3.0, 1.4-4.7, p < 0.01). Epithelial expression of IL-6 in Groups II (44.0, 8.0-97.0) and III (71.0, 18.5-130.0) was increased when compared with Group IV (9.5, 1.0-60.2, p < 0.01). Expression of mucosal IL-2R in Groups I (47.4, 34.8-69.0), II (37.8, 25.4-60.4) and III (18.4, 10.1-34.7) was increased when compared with Group IV (2.8, 1.2-5.7, p < 0.01). Serotonin content in Groups I (3.0, 0-30.0) and II (0, 0-8.5) was decreased when compared with Groups III (49.7, 16.7-107.5) and IV (43.5, 9.5-115.8, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Histologically normal appendices resected from symptomatic patients exhibited increased proinflammatory cytokine expression on immunohistochemistry suggesting the presence of an inflammatory process not detected on conventional microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Psaltis
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abed M Zaitoun
- Pathology, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keith R Neal
- Public Health and Epidemiology, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dileep N Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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12
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Khodzhaeva V, Schreiber Y, Geisslinger G, Brandes RP, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Mitofusin 2 Deficiency Causes Pro-Inflammatory Effects in Human Primary Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723683. [PMID: 34456930 PMCID: PMC8397414 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase, which modulates mitochondrial fusion and affects the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Here, we explored how MFN2 influences mitochondrial functions and inflammatory responses towards zymosan in primary human macrophages. A knockdown of MFN2 by small interfering RNA decreased mitochondrial respiration without attenuating mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced interactions between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. A MFN2 deficiency potentiated zymosan-elicited inflammatory responses of human primary macrophages, such as expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, -6, -8 and tumor necrosis factor α, as well as induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. MFN2 silencing also increased zymosan-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and mitogen-activated protein kinases inflammatory signal transduction, without affecting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Mechanistic studies revealed that MFN2 deficiency enhanced the toll-like receptor 2-dependent branch of zymosan-triggered responses upstream of inhibitor of κB kinase. This was associated with elevated, cytosolic expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 in MFN2-deficient cells. Our data suggest pro-inflammatory effects of MFN2 deficiency in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Khodzhaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Adam-Bonci TI, Bonci EA, Pârvu AE, Herdean AI, Moț A, Taulescu M, Ungur A, Pop RM, Bocșan C, Irimie A. Vitamin D Supplementation: Oxidative Stress Modulation in a Mouse Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Acute Asthmatic Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7089. [PMID: 34209324 PMCID: PMC8268667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma oxidative stress disturbances seem to enable supplementary proinflammatory pathways, thus contributing to disease development and severity. The current study analyzed the impact of two types of oral vitamin D (VD) supplementation regimens on the redox balance using a murine model of acute ovalbumin-induced (OVA-induced) asthmatic inflammation. The experimental prevention group received a long-term daily dose of 50 µg/kg (total dose of 1300 µg/kg), whereas the rescue group underwent a short-term daily dose of 100 µg/kg (total dose of 400 µg/kg). The following oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue homogenate (LTH): total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde and total thiols. Results showed that VD significantly reduced oxidative forces and increased the antioxidant capacity in the serum and LTH of treated mice. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of VD supplementation. VD also exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in all treated mice, reducing nitric oxide formation in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in the lung. In conclusion, VD supplementation seems to exhibit a protective role in oxidative stress processes related to OVA-induced acute airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Irina Adam-Bonci
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-I.A.-B.); (A.-E.P.)
| | - Eduard-Alexandru Bonci
- Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina-Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (T.-I.A.-B.); (A.-E.P.)
| | - Andrei-Ioan Herdean
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Augustin Moț
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeș-Bolyai” University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.T.); (A.U.)
- Synevovet Laboratory, 81 Pache Protopopescu, 021408 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Ungur
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.T.); (A.U.)
| | - Raluca-Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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14
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Alotaibi AG, Li JV, Gooderham NJ. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances dietary carcinogen-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer epithelial cells through activation of JNK signaling pathway. Toxicology 2021; 457:152806. [PMID: 33961948 PMCID: PMC8211460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazol [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) present in cooked meat are pro-carcinogens and considered to be potential risk factors for CRC. Their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects require metabolic activation primarily by cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes (CYPs); the expression of these enzymes can be modulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and the tumour microenvironment, involving mediators of inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a key mediator of inflammation, modulates BaP- and PhIP-induced DNA damage in colon cancer epithelial cells. Importantly, we observed that TNF-α alone (0.1-100 pg/ml) induced DNA damage (micronuclei formation) in HCT-116 cells and co-treatment of TNF-α with BaP or PhIP showed higher levels of DNA damage compared to the individual single treatments. TNF-α alone or in combination with BaP or PhIP did not affect the expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 (target genes of AhR signaling pathways). The DNA damage induced by TNF-α was elevated in p53 null HTC-116 cells compared to wild type cells, suggesting that TNF-α-induced DNA damage is suppressed by functional p53. In contrast, p53 status failed to affect BaP and PhIP induced micronucleus frequency. Furthermore, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathway were activated by TNF-α treatment but only inhibition of JNK significantly reduced TNF-α-induced DNA damage. Collectively, these findings suggest that TNF-α induced DNA damage involves JNK signaling pathway rather than AhR and NF-κB pathways in colon cancer epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah G Alotaibi
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine; National Centre for Genomic Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, KACST, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jia V Li
- Section of Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Combined COX-2/PPARγ Expression as Independent Negative Prognosticator for Vulvar Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030491. [PMID: 33802010 PMCID: PMC8001561 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer incidence numbers have been rising steadily over the past decades. Especially the number of young patients with vulvar cancer increased recently. Therefore, the need to identify new prognostic factors for vulvar carcinoma is more apparent. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has long been an object of scientific interest in the context of carcinogenesis. This enzyme is involved in prostaglandin synthesis and the latter binds to nuclear receptors like PPARγ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate COX-2- and PPARγ- expression in tissues of vulvar carcinomas and to analyze their relevance as prognostic factors. The cytoplasmatic expression of COX-2 as well as PPARγ is associated with a significantly reduced survival, whereas nuclear expression of PPARγ results in a better survival. Especially the combined expression of both COX-2 and PPARγ in the cytoplasm is an independent negative prognosticator for vulvar cancer patients.
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16
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Muscella A, Cossa LG, Vetrugno C, Marsigliante S. Bradykinin stimulates prostaglandin E 2 release in human skeletal muscular fibroblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110771. [PMID: 32114020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Local mediator prostaglandins and bradykinin are involved in inflammation and pain. We explored bradykinin effects on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from fibroblasts derived from human skeletal muscular biopsies. Bradykinin induced PGE2 release through bradykinin B2 receptors, since PGE2 release was blocked by the bradykinin B2 receptor selective antagonist FR173657 and B2 receptor agonist (Hyp3)-bradykinin showed effects comparable to bradykinin. Consistently, bradykinin induced both mRNA cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and protein. Bradykinin also induced ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation and provoked the translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus of p65/NF-kB. The release of PGE2 by bradykinin could be blocked inhibiting COX-2 and p65/NF-kB, ERK1/2 or p38 activation. Both ERK1/2 and p38 were upstream to NF-kB inasmuch siRNAs significantly blocked the p65/NF-kB activation induced by bradykinin. Thus, bradykinin, acting via B2 receptors, induced PGE2 release through ERK1/2 and p38-dependent pathways and consequent p65/NF-kB translocation to nucleus. p65/NF-kB induced COX-2 transcription. The release of PGE2 provide a possible explanation for the role of bradykinin in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Provinciale per Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
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17
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COX-2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:87-104. [PMID: 33119867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep, complicated process, and many studies have been completed over the last few decades to elucidate this process. Increasingly, many studies have shifted focus toward the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of cellular players, cell-cell communications, and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the TME, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be a key molecule mediating the microenvironment changes. COX-2 is an inducible form of the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into the signal transduction molecules (thromboxanes and prostaglandins). COX-2 is frequently expressed in many types of cancers and has been closely linked to its occurrence, progression, and prognosis. For example, COX-2 has been shown to (1) regulate tumor cell growth, (2) promote tissue invasion and metastasis, (3) inhibit apoptosis, (4) suppress antitumor immunity, and (5) promote sustainable angiogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances of studies that have evaluated COX-2 signaling in TME.
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18
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Wan Mohd Tajuddin WNB, Lajis NH, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanistic Understanding of Curcumin's Therapeutic Effects in Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2989. [PMID: 31817718 PMCID: PMC6950067 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, lung cancer prognoses and survival rates remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse effects. Therefore, new intervention therapies, such as the use of natural compounds with decreased toxicities, have been considered in lung cancer therapy. Curcumin, a natural occurring polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been studied extensively in recent years for its therapeutic effects. It has been shown that curcumin demonstrates anti-cancer effects in lung cancer through various mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, induction of apoptosis, epigenetic alterations, and regulation of microRNA expression. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these mechanisms are modulated by multiple molecular targets such as STAT3, EGFR, FOXO3a, TGF-β, eIF2α, COX-2, Bcl-2, PI3KAkt/mTOR, ROS, Fas/FasL, Cdc42, E-cadherin, MMPs, and adiponectin. In addition, limitations, strategies to overcome curcumin bioavailability, and potential side effects as well as clinical trials were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Baitty Wan Mohd Tajuddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
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19
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Ayiomamitis GD, Notas G, Vasilakaki T, Tsavari A, Vederaki S, Theodosopoulos T, Kouroumalis E, Zaravinos A. Understanding the Interplay between COX-2 and hTERT in Colorectal Cancer Using a Multi-Omics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101536. [PMID: 31614548 PMCID: PMC6827032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the initial steps of colorectal cancer (CRC) formation, playing a key role in the catalysis of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT or TERT) also plays an important role in colorectal cancer growth, conferring sustained cell proliferation and survival. Although hTERT induces COX-2 expression in gastric and cervical cancer, their interaction has not been investigated in the context of CRC. Methods: COX-2, PGE2 levels, and telomerase activity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and TRAP assay in 49 colorectal cancer samples. PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, TERT mRNA, and protein levels were investigated using RNA-seq and antibody-based protein profiling data from the TCGA and HPA projects. A multi-omics comparison was performed between PTGS2 and TERT, using RNAseq, DNA methylation, copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertions/deletions (Indels) data. Results: COX-2 expression was positive in 40/49 CRCs, bearing cytoplasmic and heterogeneous staining, from moderate to high intensity. COX-2 staining was mainly detected in the stroma of the tumor cells and the adjacent normal tissues. PGE2 expression was lower in CRC compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and inversely correlated to telomerase activity in right colon cancers. COX-1 and COX-2 were anticorrelated with TERT. Isoform structural analysis revealed the most prevalent transcripts driving the differential expression of PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, and TERT in CRC. COX-2 expression was significantly higher among B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, mutant (BRAFmut) tumors. Kirsten ras oncogene (KRAS) mutations did not affect COX-2 or TERT expression. The promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT were reversely methylated. Conclusions: Our data support that COX-2 is involved in the early stages of colorectal cancer development, initially affecting the tumor’s stromal microenvironment, and, subsequently, the epithelial cells. They also highlight an inverse correlation between COX-2 expression and telomerase activity in CRC, as well as differentially methylated patterns within the promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Ayiomamitis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Department of Pathology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Tsavari
- Department of Pathology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Styliani Vederaki
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Theodosis Theodosopoulos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Elias Kouroumalis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus.
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20
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson R. Immunohistochemical investigation of prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 30602942 PMCID: PMC6307223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the prognostic role of biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, no biomarker has been established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the current literature for biomarkers evaluated by immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in patients with resected CRLM. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified in the PubMed database with selected search terms and by cross-references search. The REMARK quality criteria were applied. Markers were included if they reported the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical markers in a multivariable setting in relation to overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis was conducted when more than one original article provided survival data of a marker. Results In total, 26 biomarkers were identified as independent significant markers for OS in resected CRLM. These biomarkers were found to be involved in multiple oncogenic signalling pathways that control cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and evasion of immune detection. Among these biomarker candidates were Ki-67, EGFR, p53, hTERT, CD34, TSP-1, KISS1, Aurora kinase A and CDX2. CD34 and TSP-1 were reported as significantly associated with survival by more than one study and where therefore pooled in a meta-analysis. Conclusion A number of independent prognostic biomarkers for resected CRLM were identified. However, most markers were evaluated in a retrospective setting with small patient cohorts, without external validation. Large, prospective, multicentre studies with standardised methods are needed before biomarkers can translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Najafi M, Goradel NH, Farhood B, Salehi E, Solhjoo S, Toolee H, Kharazinejad E, Mortezaee K. Tumor microenvironment: Interactions and therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5700-5721. [PMID: 30378106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a host for a complex network of heterogeneous stromal cells with overlapping or opposing functions depending on the dominant signals within this milieu. Reciprocal paracrine interactions between cancer cells with cells within the tumor stroma often reshape the TME in favor of the promotion of tumor. These complex interactions require more sophisticated approaches for cancer therapy, and, therefore, advancing knowledge about dominant drivers of cancer within the TME is critical for designing therapeutic schemes. This review will provide knowledge about TME architecture, multiple signaling, and cross communications between cells within this milieu, and its targeting for immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Solhjoo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Toolee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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22
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Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5683-5699. [PMID: 30341914 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. COX-2 is released by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX-2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX-2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX-2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of COX-2 on cancer cells or its regulation. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and nuclear factor-κβ are main upstream modulators for COX-2 in cancer cells. COX-2 also has interactions with a number of hormones within the body. Inhibition of COX-2 provides a high possibility to exert therapeutic outcomes in cancer. Administration of COX-2 inhibitors in a preoperative setting could reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. COX-2 inhibition also sensitizes cancer cells to treatments like radio- and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents adversely induce COX-2 activity. Therefore, choosing an appropriate chemotherapy drugs along with adjustment of the type and does for COX-2 inhibitors based on the type of cancer would be an effective adjuvant strategy for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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23
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Malik DES, David RM, Gooderham NJ. Mechanistic evidence that benzo[a]pyrene promotes an inflammatory microenvironment that drives the metastatic potential of human mammary cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3223-3239. [PMID: 30155724 PMCID: PMC6132703 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) is a major cancer-causing contaminant present in food such as cooked meats and cereals, and is ubiquitous in the environment in smoke derived from the combustion of organic material. Exposure to B(a)P is epidemiologically linked with the incidence of breast cancer. Although B(a)P is recognized as a complete genotoxic carcinogen, thought to act primarily via CYP-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, there is also evidence that B(a)P exposure elicits other biological responses that promote development of the cancer phenotype. Here in mechanistic studies using human mammary cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, we have explored mechanisms whereby B(a)P (10- 8 to 10- 5M) promotes inflammation pathways via TNF-α and NFκB leading to IL-6 upregulation, microRNA (Let7a, miR21 and miR29b) dysregulation and activation of VEGF. The miRNA dysregulation is associated with altered expression of inflammation mediators and increased migration and invasive potential of human mammary cancer cells. Our data suggest that mammary cell exposure to B(a)P results in perturbation of inflammation mediators and dysregulation of tumorigenic miRNAs, leading to an inflammation microenvironment that facilitates migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells. These properties of B(a)P, together with its well-established metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, offer mechanistic insights into its carcinogenic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-E-Shahwar Malik
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rhiannon M David
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, MSAS Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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24
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NF-κB pathways in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2018; 197:43-56. [PMID: 29550444 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been widely implicated in the development and progression of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), NF-κB has a key role in cancer-related processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of NF-κB in CRC is complex, owed to the cross talk with other signaling pathways. Although there is sufficient evidence gained from cell lines and animal models that NF-κB is involved in cancer-related processes, because of a lack of studies in human tissue, the clinical evidence of its importance is limited in patients with CRC. This review summarizes evidence relating to how NF-κB is involved in the development and progression of CRC and comments on future work to be carried out.
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25
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Targeting IκappaB kinases for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 56:12-24. [PMID: 29486318 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory kappa B kinases (IKKs) and IKK related kinases are crucial regulators of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The dysregulation in the activities of these kinases has been reported in several cancer types. These kinases are known to regulate survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus, IKK and IKK related kinases have emerged as an attractive target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Several IKK inhibitors have been developed, few of which have advanced to the clinic. These inhibitors target IKK either directly or indirectly by modulating the activities of other signaling molecules. Some inhibitors suppress IKK activity by disrupting the protein-protein interaction in the IKK complex. The inhibition of IKK has also been shown to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Because IKK and NF-κB are the key components of innate immunity, suppressing IKK is associated with the risk of immune suppression. Furthermore, IKK inhibitors may hit other signaling molecules and thus may produce off-target effects. Recent studies suggest that multiple cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins distinct from NF-κB and inhibitory κB are also substrates of IKK. In this review, we discuss the utility of IKK inhibitors for cancer therapy. The limitations associated with the intervention of IKK are also discussed.
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26
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Owczarek K, Hrabec E, Fichna J, Sosnowska D, Koziołkiewicz M, Szymański J, Lewandowska U. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, and metalloproteinase-9 expression by flavanols from evening primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) in human colon cancer SW-480 cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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27
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Yuan R, Zhu X, Wang G, Li S, Ao P. Cancer as robust intrinsic state shaped by evolution: a key issues review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:042701. [PMID: 28212112 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease: its pathology cannot be properly understood in terms of independent players-genes, proteins, molecular pathways, or their simple combinations. This is similar to many-body physics of a condensed phase that many important properties are not determined by a single atom or molecule. The rapidly accumulating large 'omics' data also require a new mechanistic and global underpinning to organize for rationalizing cancer complexity. A unifying and quantitative theory was proposed by some of the present authors that cancer is a robust state formed by the endogenous molecular-cellular network, which is evolutionarily built for the developmental processes and physiological functions. Cancer state is not optimized for the whole organism. The discovery of crucial players in cancer, together with their developmental and physiological roles, in turn, suggests the existence of a hierarchical structure within molecular biology systems. Such a structure enables a decision network to be constructed from experimental knowledge. By examining the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of the network, robust states corresponding to normal physiological and abnormal pathological phenotypes, including cancer, emerge naturally. The nonlinear dynamical model of the network leads to a more encompassing understanding than the prevailing linear-additive thinking in cancer research. So far, this theory has been applied to prostate, hepatocellular, gastric cancers and acute promyelocytic leukemia with initial success. It may offer an example of carrying physics inquiring spirit beyond its traditional domain: while quantitative approaches can address individual cases, however there must be general rules/laws to be discovered in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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28
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Merga YJ, O'Hara A, Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Probert CS, Campbell BJ, Pritchard DM. Importance of the alternative NF-κB activation pathway in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1081-90. [PMID: 27102559 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the development of many gastrointestinal malignancies. Examples include inflammatory bowel disease predisposing to colorectal cancer, Barrett's esophagus as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer. The classical activation pathway of NF-κB signaling has been identified as regulating several sporadic and inflammation-associated gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Emerging evidence suggests that the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway also exerts a distinct influence on these processes. This review brings together current knowledge of the role of the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway in the gastrointestinal tract, with a particular emphasis on inflammation-associated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette J Merga
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian O'Hara
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S Probert
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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29
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Strong NFκB Expression is Associated With High-grade Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 25:329-333. [PMID: 26990751 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a transcription factor that regulates the activation of genes involved in proinflammatory response and growth. In this study, we utilized immunohistochemical stains for 2 of the NFκB molecules (RELA and NFκB-1) to evaluate the expression of NFκB in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Forty-three cases of BE [17 cases with no dysplasia, 16 cases with low-grade dysplasia (LGD), and 10 cases with high-grade dysplasia (HGD)], 10 normal esophageal biopsies, and 9 cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma were evaluated. Expression of NFκB-1 and RELA did not occur in normal esophageal squamous mucosa. BE without dysplasia showed weak expression of RELA and NFκB-1 in 35% and 65% of cases, respectively. BE with LGD showed weak expression of RELA and NFκB-1 in 50% and 75% of cases, respectively. Strong expression of RELA and NFκB-1 did not occur in BE without dysplasia or with LGD. BE with HGD showed strong expression of RELA and NFκB-1 in 80% and 90% of cases, respectively. All cases of adenocarcinoma showed strong expression of both RELA and NFκB-1. There was a progressive increase in staining intensity of RELA and NFκB-1 along the metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma pathway. Strong expression of NFκB is associated with HGD and adenocarcinoma (P<0.0001). We showed that strong expression of NFκB-1 and RELA correlates highly with BE with HGD and adenocarcinoma.
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30
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Negi AK, Renuka, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Celecoxib and fish oil: a combination strategy for decreased inflammatory mediators in early stages of experimental mammary cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2016; 24:11-22. [PMID: 26749133 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been directly linked to cancer progression. Therefore, current study was designed to understand the mechanism of action of chemo-preventive effect of celecoxib and fish oil on inflammatory mediators in experimental mammary carcinoma. Female Wistar rats were distributed into control and DMBA treated groups and further subdivided based on pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil. Inflammation was measured by assessing expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines. The results indicated an elevation in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) in DMBA group as compared to controls. On pretreatment with celecoxib and/or fish oil in DMBA treated animals, a significant reduction in expression of NF-κB, COX-2 and cytokines' levels was observed. The decrease was more pronounced with combinatorial regimen than either celecoxib or fish oil alone. To conclude, a combinatorial strategy of celecoxib and fish oil may generate an immune response against the tumor cell by altering cytokine repertoire and decrease the tendency of tumor cells to escape immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Kumari Negi
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Renuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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31
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de Oliveira JF, da Silva AL, Vendramini-Costa DB, da Cruz Amorim CA, Campos JF, Ribeiro AG, Olímpio de Moura R, Neves JL, Ruiz ALTG, Ernesto de Carvalho J, Alves de Lima MDC. Synthesis of thiophene-thiosemicarbazone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 104:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Gambhir S, Vyas D, Hollis M, Aekka A, Vyas A. Nuclear factor kappa B role in inflammation associated gastrointestinal malignancies. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3174-3183. [PMID: 25805923 PMCID: PMC4363746 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has an established role in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. NF-κB is also involved in critical mechanisms connecting inflammation and cancer development. Recent investigations suggest that the NF-κB signaling cascade may be the central mediator of gastrointestinal malignancies including esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will explore NF-κB’s function in inflammation-associated gastrointestinal malignancies, highlighting its oncogenic contribution to each step of carcinogenesis. NF-κB’s role in the inflammation-to-carcinoma sequence in gastrointestinal malignancies warrants stronger emphasis upon targeting this pathway in achieving greater therapeutic efficacy.
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33
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Patel SAA, Bhambra U, Charalambous MP, David RM, Edwards RJ, Lightfoot T, Boobis AR, Gooderham NJ. Interleukin-6 mediated upregulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1 in colorectal cancer involves DNA methylation, miR27b and STAT3. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2287-96. [PMID: 25333344 PMCID: PMC4264448 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development. It is also known to regulate cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, which are involved in CRC tumour initiation and promotion via activation of chemical carcinogens. Here, IL6 regulation of CYP450 expression was investigated in CRC. Methods: The effect of IL6 on CYP 1A1, 1B1 and 2E1 expression was determined in vitro using CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW480, and CYP450 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues previously shown to have increased levels of IL6. Results: In mechanistic studies, IL6 treatment significantly induced CYP1B1 and CYP2E1, but not CYP1A1, gene expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells. CYP2E1 expression regulation occurred via a transcriptional mechanism involving STAT3. For CYP1B1 regulation, IL6 downregulated the CYP1B1-targeting microRNA miR27b through a mechanism involving DNA methylation. In clinical samples, the expression of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1, but not CYP1A1, was significantly increased in malignant tissue overexpressing IL6 compared with matched adjacent normal tissue. Conclusions: Colonic inflammation with the presence of IL6 associated with neoplastic tissue can alter metabolic competency of epithelial cells by manipulating CYP2E1 and CYP1B1 expression through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. This can lead to increased activation of dietary carcinogens and DNA damage, thus promoting colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Patel
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - U Bhambra
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M P Charalambous
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R M David
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R J Edwards
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - T Lightfoot
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A R Boobis
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - N J Gooderham
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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34
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Guerrero CA, Paula Pardo VR, Rafael Guerrero OA. Inhibition of rotavirus ECwt infection in ICR suckling mice by N-acetylcysteine, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:741-54. [PMID: 24037197 PMCID: PMC3970679 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108062013011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated vaccines have recently been introduced for preventing rotavirus
disease in children. However, alternative strategies for prevention and
treatment of rotavirus infection are needed mainly in developing countries where
low vaccine coverage occurs. In the present work, N-acetylcysteine (NAC),
ascorbic acid (AA), some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists were tested
for their ability to interfere with rotavirus ECwt infectivity as detected by
the percentage of viral antigen-positive cells of small intestinal villi
isolated from ECwt-infected ICR mice. Administration of 6 mg NAC/kg every 8 h
for three days following the first diarrhoeal episode reduced viral infectivity
by about 90%. Administration of AA, ibuprofen, diclofenac, pioglitazone or
rosiglitazone decreased viral infectivity by about 55%, 90%, 35%, 32% and 25%,
respectively. ECwt infection of mice increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2,
ERp57, Hsc70, NF-κB, Hsp70, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and PPARγ in
intestinal villus cells. NAC treatment of ECwt-infected mice reduced Hsc70 and
PDI expression to levels similar to those observed in villi from uninfected
control mice. The present results suggest that the drugs tested in the present
work could be assayed in preventing or treating rotaviral diarrhoea in children
and young animals.
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35
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Goos JACM, Hiemstra AC, Coupé VMH, Diosdado B, Kooijman W, Delis-Van Diemen PM, Karga C, Beliën JAM, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Geldof AA, Meijer GA, Hoekstra OS, Fijneman RJA. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) are prognostic biomarkers for patients with resected colorectal cancer liver metastases. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:749-55. [PMID: 24983372 PMCID: PMC4134500 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resection of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) with curative intent has long-term benefit in ∼40% of cases. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve clinical management and reduce futile surgeries. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; also known as cyclooxygenase-2) has been associated with carcinogenesis and survival. We investigated the prognostic value of EGFR and PTGS2 expression in patients with resected CRCLM. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRCLM tissue and corresponding primary tumour specimens from a multi-institutional cohort of patients who underwent liver resection between 1990 and 2010 were incorporated into tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs were stained for EGFR and PTGS2 by immunohistochemistry. The hazard rate ratio (HRR) for the association between expression in CRCLM and overall survival was calculated using a 500-fold cross-validation procedure. Results: EGFR and PTGS2 expression could be evaluated in 323 and 351 patients, respectively. EGFR expression in CRCLM was associated with poor prognosis (HRR 1.54; P<0.01) with a cross-validated HRR of 1.47 (P=0.03). PTGS2 expression was also associated with poor prognosis (HRR 1.60; P<0.01) with a cross-validated HRR of 1.63 (P<0.01). Expression of EGFR and PTGS2 remained prognostic after multivariate analysis with standard clinicopathological variables (cross-validated HRR 1.51; P=0.02 and cross-validated HRR 1.59; P=0.01, respectively). Stratification for the commonly applied systemic therapy regimens demonstrated prognostic value for EGFR and PTGS2 only in the subgroup of patients who were not treated with systemic therapy (HRR 1.78; P<0.01 and HRR 1.64; P=0.04, respectively), with worst prognosis when both EGFR and PTGS2 were highly expressed (HRR 3.08; P<0.01). Expression of PTGS2 in CRCLM was correlated to expression in patient-matched primary tumours (P=0.02, 69.2% concordance). Conclusions: EGFR and PTGS2 expressions are prognostic molecular biomarkers with added value to standard clinicopathological variables for patients with resectable CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C M Goos
- 1] Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Hiemstra
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Diosdado
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Kooijman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M Delis-Van Diemen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Karga
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A M Beliën
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - A A Geldof
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, CCA 1.08, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lev-Ari S, Starr A, Katzburg S, Berkovich L, Rimmon A, Ben-Yosef R, Vexler A, Ron I, Earon G. Curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of orthotopic human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:843-50. [PMID: 24835302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Curcumin is involved in various biological pathways leading to inhibition of NSCLC growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin on expression of nuclear factor κB-related proteins in vitro and in vivo and on growth and metastasis in an intralung tumor mouse model. H1975 NSCLC cells were treated with curcumin (0-50 μM) alone, or combined with gemcitabine or cisplatin. The effects of curcumin were evaluated in cell cultures and in vivo, using ectopic and orthotopic lung tumor mouse models. Twenty mice were randomly selected into two equal groups, one that received AIN-076 control diet and one that received the same food but with the addition of 0.6% curcumin 14 days prior to cell implantation and until the end of the experiment. To generate orthotopic tumor, lung cancer cells in Matrigel were injected percutaneously into the left lung of CD-1 nude mice. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of IkB, nuclear p65, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and p-ERK1/2 were down-regulated by curcumin in vitro. Curcumin potentiated the gemcitabine- or cisplatin-mediated antitumor effects. Curcumin reduced COX-2 expression in subcutaneous tumors in vivo and caused a 36% decrease in weight of intralung tumors (P=.048) accompanied by a significant survival rate increase (hazard ratio=2.728, P=.036). Curcumin inhibition of COX-2, p65 expression and ERK1/2 activity in NSCLC cells was associated with decreased survival and increased induction of apoptosis. Curcumin significantly reduced tumor growth of orthotopic human NSCLC xenografts and increased survival of treated athymic mice. To evaluate the role of curcumin in chemoprevention and treatment of NSCLC, further clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Lev-Ari
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Alex Starr
- Department of Pulmonology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Katzburg
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Berkovich
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adam Rimmon
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rami Ben-Yosef
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Akiva Vexler
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Ron
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Earon
- Laboratory of Herbal Medicine and Cancer Research, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Bouhenni RA, Edward DP. Proteome of the anterior segment structure in relation to glaucoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Wilmer Eye Institute; John Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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Suthar SK, Jaiswal V, Lohan S, Bansal S, Chaudhary A, Tiwari A, Alex AT, Joesph A. Novel quinolone substituted thiazolidin-4-ones as anti-inflammatory, anticancer agents: design, synthesis and biological screening. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:589-602. [PMID: 23548704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) has been reported to regulate various genes involved in cancer and inflammation. Accordingly, drugs suppressing or inhibiting NF-κB may possess both anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. A library of quinolone substituted thiazolidin-4-ones was docked into the active site of NF-κB and the top-ranked 31 compounds were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. The best-ranked compound 6b showed highest anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema model. In vitro anticancer studies revealed 1a and 16a as most active compounds against BT-549, HeLa, COLO-205 and ACHN human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1a and 16a exhibited NF-κB dependent anticancer properties and apoptosis mediated cell death. In vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma study further confirmed the antitumor activity of 1a and 16a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka, Manipal 576104, India
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Gamble C, McIntosh K, Scott R, Ho KH, Plevin R, Paul A. Inhibitory kappa B Kinases as targets for pharmacological regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:802-19. [PMID: 21797846 PMCID: PMC3312479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory kappa B kinases (IKKs) are well recognized as key regulators of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) cascade and as such represent a point of convergence for many extracellular agents that activate this pathway. The IKKs generally serve to transduce pro-inflammatory and growth stimulating signals that contribute to major cellular processes but also play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. Therefore, the catalytic IKKs represent attractive targets for intervention with small molecule kinase inhibitors. IKK isoforms are assembled as variable multi-subunit IKK complexes that regulate not only NF-κB dimers, but also protein substrates out-with this cascade. Consequently, close consideration of how these individual complexes transduce extracellular signals and more importantly what impact small molecule inhibitors of the IKKs have on functional outcomes are demanded. A number of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive IKKβ-selective inhibitors have been developed but have demonstrated a lack of activity against IKKα. A number of these chemicals have also exhibited detrimental outcomes such as cellular toxicity and immuno-suppression. The impact of small molecule inhibitors of IKK catalytic activity will therefore be reappraised, examining the advantages and potential disadvantages to this type of intervention strategy in the treatment of diseases such as arthritis, intestinal inflammation and cancer. Furthermore, we will outline some emerging strategies, particularly the disruption of protein-protein interactions within the IKK complex, as an alternative route towards the development of novel pharmacological agents. Whether these alternatives may negate the limitations of ATP-competitive molecules and potentially avoid the issues of toxicity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Gamble
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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Abdullah M, Sudoyo AW, Utomo AR, Fauzi A, Rani AA. Molecular profile of colorectal cancer in Indonesia: is there another pathway? GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2012; 5:71-8. [PMID: 24834203 PMCID: PMC4017456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is an emerging public health problem in Indonesia and currently ranks among the three highest cancers. Lack of a colonoscopy screening and lifestyle changes might contribute to it. In the last few decades, there is an increasing interest towards the contribution of genetic-environment interaction in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some studies have indicated that CRC might develop through several different pathways; the three major routes are chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and inflammatory pathways. An earlier study on clinical epidemiology of CRC in Indonesia showed that the majority of patients were diagnosed between 45 and 50 years old, with a mean age around 47 years old. Further studies showed that most young Indonesian cases of CRC do not have hereditary characteristics; however, the CRC did not follow the conventional pathways of sporadic CRC (the CIN) pathway. Rather, it is a mixed of MSI and inflammatory pathways. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the proportion of patients with negative mismatch repair proteins was 43.5% for MSH2 and 83.5% for MLH1. Along the sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis pathway, there was a specific role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme during the polyp formation. COX-2 expression was reported in about 80% CRC cases worldwide. However, our study found only 49% of COX-2 expression among the CRC patients. Interestingly, an inflammatory marker, the nucleus factor κB (NF-κB), was expressed in about 73.5% cases, in line with a previous study. More recently, KRAS has been used as a potential tumor marker to select treatment and its expression was reported to be as high as 30%-40% worldwide. However, we found that KRAS gene expression was only 16.3%. Our findings support that CRC patients in Indonesian might follow a distinct pathway, a hypothesis that deserves further exploration.
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41
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Munding J, Ziebarth W, Pox CP, Ladigan S, Reiser M, Hüppe D, Brand L, Schmiegel W, Tannapfel A, Reinacher-Schick AC. The influence of 5-aminosalicylic acid on the progression of colorectal adenomas via the β-catenin signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:637-43. [PMID: 22198215 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance colonoscopy is an important strategy for prevention of colorectal cancer. 5-aminosalicylate (ASA) (mesalazine) is discussed as a chemopreventive agent as it reduces the cancer risk in ulcerative colitis patients. The current study analyses the effect of 5-ASA on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo in colon epithelial cells. The effect of 5-ASA was determined using a β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-reporter assay and by western blotting in cultured colon cancer cells. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded material from 227 polyps removed from a subgroup of 56 patients, who participated in a randomized placebo-controlled 3-year prevention trial with 5-ASA was evaluated according to histomorphological characteristics and expression of β-catenin and target genes Cox2, cyclin D1 and E-cadherin as well as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Patients were grouped into a low-risk and a high-risk group according to the number of adenomas at initial colonoscopy. ß-catenin/TCF signaling activity was significantly reduced by 5-ASA treatment possibly through a reduction in ß-catenin levels. Moreover, 5-ASA significantly reduced ß-catenin levels and nuclear localization in patients' adenomas. In addition, 5-ASA also significantly changed expression of the downstream targets Cox2, cyclin D1 and E-cadherin, correlating with ß-catenin status. Moreover, 5-ASA significantly reduced levels of ODC in vivo. Expression of p53 was unaltered by the 5-ASA treatment. Our study shows a significant in vitro and long-term in vivo effect of 5-ASA on ß-catenin signaling as a key signaling pathway in the development of colorectal adenoma. Therefore, we suggest the use of 5-ASA as a promising drug for prevention of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Munding
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44789, Germany.
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Choi HJ, Lee DH, Park SH, Kim J, Do KH, An TJ, Ahn YS, Park CB, Moon Y. Induction of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 by activated oncogene RhoA GTPase in A549 human epithelial cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:448-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lauber SN, Gooderham NJ. The cooked meat-derived mammary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine promotes invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells. Toxicology 2010; 279:139-45. [PMID: 20951759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cooked meat derived genotoxic carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induces cancer of the colon, prostate and mammary gland when fed to rats. Epidemiology studies link these tumours to a Western diet and exposure to heterocyclic amines such as PhIP. We have shown that PhIP is also potently estrogenic and have proposed that this hormonal activity contributes to its target site carcinogenicity. We now postulate that the estrogenic properties of PhIP influence metastatic potential. We have used an in vitro assay for cell invasion based upon digestion and migration through a reconstituted basement membrane model. Zymography and immunoblotting were used to confirm PhIP-mediated changes associated with induction of the invasive phenotype. Treatment of the mammary cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D with PhIP induces cells to digest and migrate through a reconstituted basement membrane. The response was dose dependent, observed at sub-nanomolar concentrations of PhIP and was inhibited by the antiestrogen ICI 182,780. The PhIP-induced invasive phenotype was associated with expression of cathepsin D, cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase activity. These findings emphasise the range and potency of the biological activities associated with this cooked meat product and mechanistically support the tissue-specific carcinogenicity of the chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Lauber
- Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW72AZ, UK
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Sandur SK, Deorukhkar A, Pandey MK, Pabón AM, Shentu S, Guha S, Aggarwal BB, Krishnan S. Curcumin modulates the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing constitutive and inducible NF-kappaB activity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:534-42. [PMID: 19735878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy is an integral part of the preoperative treatment of rectal cancers. However, only a minority of patients achieve a complete pathologic response to therapy because of resistance of these tumors to radiation therapy. This resistance may be mediated by constitutively active pro-survival signaling pathways or by inducible/acquired mechanisms in response to radiation therapy. Simultaneous inhibition of these pathways can sensitize these tumors to radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human colorectal cancer cells were exposed to clinically relevant doses of gamma rays, and the mechanism of their radioresistance was investigated. We characterized the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation as a mechanism of inducible radioresistance in colorectal cancer and used curcumin, the active ingredient in the yellow spice turmeric, to overcome this resistance. RESULTS Curcumin inhibited the proliferation and the post-irradiation clonogenic survival of multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. Radiation stimulated NF-kappaB activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas curcumin suppressed this radiation-induced NF-kappaB activation via inhibition of radiation-induced phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha, inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB kinase activity, and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Curcumin also suppressed NF-kappaB-regulated gene products (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2, cyclooxygenase-2, and cyclin D1). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that transient inducible NF-kappaB activation provides a prosurvival response to radiation that may account for development of radioresistance. Curcumin blocks this signaling pathway and potentiates the antitumor effects of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sandur
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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45
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Charalambous MP, Lightfoot T, Speirs V, Horgan K, Gooderham NJ. Expression of COX-2, NF-kappaB-p65, NF-kappaB-p50 and IKKalpha in malignant and adjacent normal human colorectal tissue. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:106-15. [PMID: 19513071 PMCID: PMC2713702 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is selectively over-expressed in colorectal tumours. The mechanism of COX-2 induction in these tumours is not fully understood, although evidence suggests a possible link between nuclear factor (NF)-κB and COX-2. We hypothesised an association between COX-2 expression and NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-p50 and IκB-kinase-α (IKKα) in both epithelial and stromal cells in human colorectal cancer. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we measured COX-2, NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-p65 nuclear localisation sequence (NLS), NF-κB-p50, NF-κB-p50 NLS and IKKα protein expression in matched colorectal biopsy samples comprising both non-tumour and adjacent tumour tissue from 32 patients with colorectal cancer. Results: We have shown that stromal cells of malignant and surrounding normal colorectal tissue express COX-2. In all cell types of malignant tissue, and in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of neighbouring normal tissue, COX-2 expression was strongly associated with NF-κB-p65 expression (Pearson's correlation, P=0.019 for macrophages, P=0.001 for VECs, P=0.002 for fibroblasts (malignant tissue), and P=0.011 for VECs (non-malignant tissue)) but not NF-κB-p50 or IKKα. Conclusions: These data suggest that in these cells COX-2 induction may be mediated through activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. Finally, the lack of association between COX-2, NF-κB-p65 or IKKα in stromal cells with the clinical severity of colorectal cancer as determined by Duke's stage, suggests that COX-2, NF-κB-p65 and IKKα expression are possibly early post-initiation events, which could be involved in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Charalambous
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Murad A, Lewis SJ, Smith GD, Collin SM, Chen L, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Donovan J, Martin RM. PTGS2-899G>C and prostate cancer risk: a population-based nested case-control study (ProtecT) and a systematic review with meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2009; 12:296-300. [PMID: 19488068 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2009.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthase 2 is a key regulator of inflammation and may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. The polymorphism, -899G>C (rs20417), alters a transcription factor-binding site and is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma. We tested the hypothesis that rs20417 may influence prostate cancer risk, using a large case-control study (n(cases)=1608, n(controls)=3058). We found no evidence that rs20417 alters prostate cancer risk (odds ratio (OR(CC & GC v GG)=1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.91-1.20). A meta-analysis of three studies also found little evidence that rs20417 alters risk (pooled OR(CC & GC v GG)=1.04, 95% CI=0.93-1.17), making it unlikely that rs20417 contributes in any major way to prostate cancer aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murad
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Jin X, Wang Z, Qiu L, Zhang D, Guo Z, Gao Z, Deng C, Wang F, Wang S, Guo C. Potential biomarkers involving IKK/RelA signal in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:582-9. [PMID: 18215193 PMCID: PMC11159888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and its regulatory molecules on prognosis of patient with early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted biomarker analyses with survival in patients with stages I and II NSCLC. Tumor samples were collected from 88 patients with early-stage NSCLC (stages I, II). A minimum follow-up period of 5 years was required. RelA, phosphorylated I kappaB (pI kappaB alpha), pIKK alpha/beta were detected by immunostaining. NF-kappaB DNA binding activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Association of clinical and pathologic variables (e.g. sex, age, pathologic stage) with relevant molecules was determined by Pearson's chi(2) test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis based on single expression of RelA, pI kappaB alpha, pIKK alpha/beta as well as composite expressions were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, and log rank test followed Kaplan-Meier estimates. RelA, pI kappaB alpha, pIKK alpha/beta were observed as increased expression in NSCLC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal lung tissues. These molecules were associated with tumor-node-metastasis stages, T stages and histological status, respectively. Among the molecules analyzed, RelA and pI kappaB alpha-positive were statistically significant predictors of patient death in the entire patient population adjusted by age, gender and smoking status; furthermore both RelA and pI kappaB alpha-positive was the strongest prognostic indicators of poor prognosis by univariate and multivariate analyses. Borderline positive correlations were observed between RelA and pI kappaB alpha or pIKK alpha/beta expression. In this cohort of early-stage NSCLC patients, molecular markers, especially composite application of multiple biomarkers (both nuclear RelA and cytoplasmic pI kappaB-alpha expression) that independently predict overall survival have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Jin
- Laboratory of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan Second Rd, Chongqing 400014, China
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Zhang D, Jin X, Wang F, Wang S, Deng C, Gao Z, Guo C. Combined prognostic value of both RelA and IkappaB-alpha expression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:3581-92. [PMID: 17899287 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the prognostic significance of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity, especially nuclear RelA and IkappaB-alpha expression patterns, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A total of 116 patients with pathologically confirmed stage I to II NSCLC were included. Immunohistochemical analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays of NF-kappaB were performed to determine RelA and phosphorylated IkappaB-alpha staining, and DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB in human NSCLC. Downstream genes, including VEGF and IL-8, were also assessed. The prognostic significance of a single expression of RelA, phosphorylated IkappaB-alpha, and b-composite expressions was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard regression models and by Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Correlation between RelA/IkappaB-alpha expression status and clinicopathological features of NSCLC was also analyzed. RESULTS NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, VEGF, and IL-8 showed correlation with nuclear RelA and cytoplasmic pIkappaB-alpha expression. Expression of nuclear RelA/NF-kappaB showed an increase in NSCLC tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue and normal lung tissue. There was a positive correlation between NF-kappaB activation (nuclear translocation of RelA) and tumor clinicopathological features such as tumor grade, including T stages, N stages, and tumor, node, metastasis system stages, smoking status, and age. Positive correlation was observed between nuclear RelA and cytoplasmic pIkappaB-alpha. Both nuclear RelA and cytoplasmic pIkappaB-alpha were associated with poor prognosis by univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear RelA and cytoplasmic pIkappaB-alpha expression are associated with a poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients. In particular, composite application of these two biomarkers might be of greater value than application of a single marker to identify patients at high risk, even at an early clinical stage.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- I-kappa B Proteins/genetics
- I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianliang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
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49
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Voutsadakis IA. Pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma and therapeutic implications: the roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and Cox-2. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:252-85. [PMID: 17488476 PMCID: PMC3822826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways of the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma have been extensively studied and molecular lesions during the development of the disease have been revealed. High up in the list of colorectal cancer lesions are APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), K-ras, Smad4 (or DPC4-deleted in pancreatic cancer 4) and p53 genes. All these molecules are part of important pathways for the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and as a result perturbation of these processes lead to carcinogenesis. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is comprised of a multi-unit cellular protease system that regulates several dozens of cell proteins after their ligation with the protein ubiquitin. Given that among these proteins are regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion and cell signalling, this system plays a significant role in cell fate and carcinogenesis. UPS inhibition has been found to be a pre-requisite for apoptosis and is already clinically exploited with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in multiple myeloma. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is the inducible form of the enzyme that metabolizes the lipid arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, the first step of prostaglandins production. This enzyme is up-regulated in colorectal cancer and in several other cancers. Inhibition of Cox-2 by aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been found to inhibit proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and in epidemiologic studies has been shown to reduce colon polyp formation in genetically predisposed populations and in the general population. NSAIDs have also Cox-independent anti-proliferative effects. Targeted therapies, the result of increasingly understanding carcinogenesis in the molecular level, have entered the field of anti-neoplastic treatment and are used by themselves and in combination with chemotherapy drugs. Combinations of targeted drugs have started also to be investigated. This article reviews the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, the roles of UPS and Cox-2 in it and puts forward a rational for their combined inhibition in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece.
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50
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Fernández-Martínez AB, Collado B, Bajo AM, Sánchez-Chapado M, Prieto JC, Carmena MJ. Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression through nuclear factor-kappaB in human prostate cell lines Differential time-dependent responses in cancer progression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 270:8-16. [PMID: 17434257 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was analyzed in human prostate non-neoplastic (RWPE-1) as well as cancer androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and independent (PC3) cells. The three cell lines expressed VIP mRNA and VIP peptide, as measured by RT-PCR and immunochemistry, which supports an autocrine/paracrine action of VIP in the prostate gland. VIP levels were progressively higher from non-neoplastic to androgen-dependent and independent cells. Real-time RT-PCR and Western-blotting showed that VIP stimulated both COX-2 mRNA and protein expression in a faster manner as prostate cancer stage progressed (i.e. RWPE1<LNCaP<PC3 cells). Furthermore, VIP induced higher levels of COX-2 protein expression in cancer cells as compared with non-neoplastic cells. The anti-inflammatory agent curcumin blocked VIP-induced COX-2 expression in all cell lines studied supporting the involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) in such a response. In fact, VIP increased the translocation of the NFkappaB p50 subunit to the nucleus and the binding of the active form to its target gene promoter, as measured by Western-blotting and ELISA, respectively. VIP provoked faster responses according to the most aggressive status in cancer progression (androgen-independent situation). These results together with the existence of two NFkappaB sites in the COX-2 gene promoter together suggest that COX-2 may be a target for VIP in prostate cancer progression. On the other hand, VIP could be a proinflammatory cytokine acting through the NFkappaB/COX-2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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