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Souza WC, Dias LD, de Queiroz JE, Vidal HD, da Silva VB, Leopoldino AM, de Paula da Silva CH, Verde GM, Aquino GL. Synthesis and In silico Studies of N-acylhydrazone Derivatives as hnRNP K Ligands with Potential Anti-cancer Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666190131121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A green and efficient synthetic methodology for a wide family of Nacylhydrazones
(yields: 42-76%) using microwave irradiation is described, as well as their full characterization.
Their potential antineoplastic activity was evaluated in vitro via EMSA by testing protein-
DNA interactions. Among the 11 compounds tested, N-acylhydrazone derivative 5 bearing a hydroxyl
group, showed the highest affinity to bind and inhibit the hnRNP K KH3 domain. Docking simulations
of compound 5 showed three possible modes of interaction between the KH3 domain of hnRNP K protein
and compound predict.
:
The N-acylhydrazones are knows as powerful chemical entities for Medicinal Chemistry, since it has
been identified in a huge number of hit and lead compounds that act on various types of molecular targets,
including in tumorigenesis processes.
Objective:
We evaluated their potential ability to inhibit the KH3 domain of the hnRNP K protein binding
to single stranded DNA (ssDNA). Furthermore, a docking simulation was performed for the newly
synthetized compounds to evaluate their interactions between proteins and N-acylhydrazine derivative.
Methods:
The N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthetized through three reaction steps, from a simple
and commercial substrate, using microwave irradiation as a green energy source. The N-acylhydrazone
derivatives ability to bind with the hnRNP K protein was evaluated via EMSA by testing protein-DNA
interactions. The docking simulations were performed in a Gold 5.2.2 software using 100 conformers,
10.000 operations, 95 mutations and 95 crossovers.
Results:
Eleven new N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthetized using microwave showing yields
between 42% and 76%. Among the eleven compounds tested, compound 5 was shown to be most
capable to prevent the natural binding of hnRNP K protein to the oligonucleotide. Regarding the docking
simulation, compound 5 can bind to the main binding residues of KH3 domain and compete with the
natural ligand ssDNA of this protein.
Conclusion:
A green and efficient synthetic methodology for a wide family of N-acylhydrazones
(yields: 42-76%) using microwave irradiation is described, as well as their full characterization. Their
potential antineoplastic activity was evaluated in vitro via EMSA by testing protein-DNA interactions.
Among the 11 compounds tested, N-acylhydrazone derivative 5 bearing a hydroxyl group, showed the
highest affinity to bind and inhibit the hnRNP K KH3 domain. Docking simulations of compound 5
showed three possible modes of interaction between the KH3 domain of hnRNP K protein and compound
predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson C. Souza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Unit of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Goias, Br 153, 75132400, Anapolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - Lucas D. Dias
- Coimbra Chemistry Center (CQC), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaqueline E. de Queiroz
- Laboratory on Bioproducts and Synthesis Research (LPbioS), Universidade State of Goias, Br 153, 75132400, Anápolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - Hérika D.A. Vidal
- Laboratory on Bioproducts and Synthesis Research (LPbioS), Universidade State of Goias, Br 153, 75132400, Anápolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B. da Silva
- School of Medical, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical at PUC, Rua 232, Setor Leste Universitario, 74605140, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Andréia M. Leopoldino
- Science Department Pharmacists of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Black, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H.T. de Paula da Silva
- Science Department Pharmacists of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Black, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliana M.V. Verde
- Laboratory on Bioproducts and Synthesis Research (LPbioS), Universidade State of Goias, Br 153, 75132400, Anápolis, Goias, Brazil
| | - Gilberto L.B. Aquino
- Laboratory on Bioproducts and Synthesis Research (LPbioS), Universidade State of Goias, Br 153, 75132400, Anápolis, Goias, Brazil
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2
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Yang T, An Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Du E, Liu R, Zhang Z, Xu Y. hnRNPM, a potential mediator of YY1 in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:1199-1210. [PMID: 31251827 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the popularity of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the number of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients is increasing. However, indolent or invasive PCa cannot be distinguished by PSA levels. Here, we mainly explored the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) in the invasiveness of PCa. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of hnRNPM in PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues as well as in PCa cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the hnRNPM or Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expression in BPH, prostate adenocarcinoma (ADENO) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) tissues. After aberrant, the expression of hnRNPM in C4-2 and PC3 cells, the changes of cell migration and invasion were observed through wound-healing and transwell assays. We also predicted the transcription factor of hnRNPM through databases, then verified the association of hnRNPM and YY1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays. RESULTS The expression level of hnRNPM is gradually reduced in BPH, ADENO, and NEPC tissues and it is less expressed in more aggressive PCa cell lines. Overexpression of hnRNPM can significantly reduce Twist1 expression, which inhibits the migration and invasion of PCa cells in vitro. In PCa cells, overexpression of YY1 can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition by reducing hnRNPM expression. Furthermore, this effect caused by overexpression of YY1 can be partially attenuated by simultaneous overexpression of hnRNPM. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that hnRNPM negatively regulated PCa cell migration and invasion, and its expression can be transcriptionally inhibited by YY1. We speculated that hnRNPM may be a biomarker to assist in judging the aggressiveness of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - E Du
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ranlu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, China
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3
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Knecht C, Balaban CL, Rodríguez JV, Ceccarelli EA, Guibert EE, Rosano GL. Proteome variation of the rat liver after static cold storage assayed in an ex vivo model. Cryobiology 2018; 85:47-55. [PMID: 30296410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cold storage is a common procedure for liver preservation in a transplant setting. However, during cold ischemia, the liver suffers molecular alterations that can affect its performance. Also, deleterious mechanisms set forth in the storage phase are exacerbated during reperfusion. This study aimed to identify liver proteins associated with injury during cold storage and/or normothermic reperfusion using the isolated perfused rat liver model. Livers from male rats were subjected to either (1) cold storage for 24 h, (2) ex vivo normothermic reperfusion for 90 min or (3) cold storage for 24 h followed by ex vivo normothermic reperfusion for 90 min. Then, the livers were homogenized and proteins were extracted. Protein expression between each experimental group and the control (freshly resected livers) was compared by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Protein identification was carried out by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) using MASCOT as the search engine. 23 proteins were detected with significantly altered levels of expression among the different treatments, including molecular chaperones, antioxidant enzymes, and proteins involved in energy metabolism. Some of them have been postulated as biomarkers for liver damage while others had been identified in other organs subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury. The whole data set will be a useful resource for studying deleterious molecular mechanisms that result in diminished liver function during storage and subsequent reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Knecht
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina; Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia L Balaban
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina; Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Joaquín V Rodríguez
- Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo E Guibert
- Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
| | - Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
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4
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Hammam O, Magdy M, Anas A, Rahim AA, Heedaya M, Helmy A. Expression of hnRNPK & Claudin-4 in HCV-Induced Early HCC and Adjacent Liver Tissue. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:595-602. [PMID: 28932298 PMCID: PMC5591587 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: HCC in Egypt usually occurs in HCV cirrhotic livers with poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. High hnRNPK & low Claudin-4 profiles indicate Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), malignant transformation and high-grade tumours. AIM: We studied the immunohistochemical expression of hnRNPK and Claudin-4 in HCV induced early HCC (eHCC) and adjacent liver tissue in Egyptian patients to improve eHCC detection in cirrhotic livers with better curative therapy options. METHOD: We studied the immunohistochemical expression of hnRNPK and Claudin-4 in 100 Egyptian patients resection specimens of HCV induced early HCC (eHCC) and adjacent liver tissue, in order to improve eHCC detection in cirrhotic livers, thus improving their therapeutic options. RESULTS: Early HCC grade significantly directly correlated with nuclear hnRNPK/5HPFs count and inversely correlated with Claudin-4 expression %, with a converse correlation between hnRNPK and Claudin-4. Moreover in eHCC, combined hnRNPK ≥ 30/5HPFs & Claudin-4 ≥ 40% significantly distinguished low grade eHCC (G1) from high grade eHCC (G2&G3), with sensitivity 97% & specificity 69.7% for hnRNPK ≥ 30/5HPFs, and with sensitivity 70% & specificity 94.3% for Claudin-4 ≥ 40%. Moreover in the adjacent liver, both markers expressions significantly directly correlated with each other and with METAVIR fibrosis score but not with activity. Furthermore, 58% of eHCCs showed hnRNPK ≥ 30 Claudin-4 < 40% profile, indicating EMT type 3, compared to 26% with hnRNPK ≥ 30 Claudin-4 ≤ 10% profile in adjacent cirrhotic/ precirrhotic liver, with significant use of combined hnRNPK ≥ 30/5HPFs & Claudin 4 ≤ 10% as eHCC prediction cut offs in cirrhosis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination of hnRNPK and Claudin-4 can indicate early HCC development in HCV cirrhotic livers using hnRNPK ≥ 30/5HPFs & Claudin-4 ≤ 10% cut offs. Also, combination of hnRNPK ≥ 30/5HPFs & Claudin-4 ≥ 40% can distinguish low grade eHCC (G1) from high grade eHCC (G2&G3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Hammam
- Department of Pathology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Magdy
- Department of Pathology Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amgad Anas
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Abdel Rahim
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Heedaya
- Department of General Surgery, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Helmy
- Department of General Surgery, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Osbun JW, Tatman PD, Kaur S, Parada C, Busald T, Gonzalez-Cuyar L, Shi M, Born DE, Zhang J, Ferreira M. Comparative Proteomic Profiling Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Identification via LC-MS/MS Reveals Novel Protein Biomarkers to Identify Aggressive Subtypes of WHO Grade I Meningioma. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2017; 78:371-379. [PMID: 28875114 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningomas represent the most common primary intracranial tumor. The majority are benign World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I lesions, but a subset of these behave in an aggressive manner. Protein biomarkers are needed to distinguish aggressive from benign Grade I lesions. Materials and Methods Pooled protein lysates were derived from five clinically aggressive Grade I and five typically benign WHO Grade I tumors snap frozen at the time of surgery. Proteins were separated in each group using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and protein spots of interest were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Potential biomarker candidates were validated using western blot assays in individual tumor samples and by tissue microarray (TMA). Results Seven candidate biomarkers were obtained from the 2DGE and validated via western blot and TMA. Biomarker validation data allowed for the creation of predictive models using binary logistical regression that correctly identified 85.9% of aggressive tumors within the larger cohort of Grade I meningioma. Conclusion Simple protein separation by 2DGE and identification of candidate biomarkers by LC-MS allowed for the identification of seven candidate biomarkers that when used in predictive models accurately distinguish aggressive from benign behavior in WHO Grade I meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Osbun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Philip D Tatman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sumanpreet Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Carolina Parada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Tina Busald
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Luis Gonzalez-Cuyar
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Neuropathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Manuel Ferreira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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6
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Suk FM, Lin SY, Lin RJ, Hsine YH, Liao YJ, Fang SU, Liang YC. Bortezomib inhibits Burkitt's lymphoma cell proliferation by downregulating sumoylated hnRNP K and c-Myc expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25988-6001. [PMID: 26317903 PMCID: PMC4694880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (Velcal) was the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myelomas. Previous studies have demonstrated that bortezomib inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by blocking the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. However, the exact mechanism by which bortezomib induces cancer cell apoptosis is still not well understood. In this study, we found that bortezomib significantly inhibited cell proliferation in both human Burkitt's lymphoma CA46 and Daudi cells. Through proteomic analysis, we found that bortezomib treatment changed the expression of various proteins in distinct functional categories including unfolding protein response (UPS), RNA processing, protein targeting and biosynthesis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Among the proteins with altered expression, hnRNP K, hnRNP H, Hsp90α, Grp78, and Hsp7C were common to both Daudi and CA46 cells. Interestingly, bortezomib treatment downregulated the expression of high-molecular-weight (HMw) hnRNP K and c-Myc but upregulated the expression of low-molecular-weight (LMw) hnRNP K. Moreover, cell proliferation was significantly correlated with high expression of HMw hnRNP K and c-Myc. HMw and LMw hnRNP K were identified as sumoylated and desumoylated hnRNP K, respectively. Using transient transfection, we found that sumoylated hnRNP K increased c-Myc expression at the translational level and contributed to cell proliferation, and that Lys422 of hnRNP K is the candidate sumoylated residue. Our results suggest that besides inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, bortezomib may inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating sumoylated hnRNP K and c-Myc expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jye Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Hsine
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Uei Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Gupta P, Suman S, Mishra M, Mishra S, Srivastava N, Kumar V, Singh PK, Shukla Y. Autoantibodies against TYMS and PDLIM1 proteins detected as circulatory signatures in Indian breast cancer patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:564-573. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Gupta
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shankar Suman
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Environment Toxicology Laboratory; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-IITR Campus; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pradhyumna Kumar Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Proteomics and Environment Carcinogenesis Laboratory; Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology; Group; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR); Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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8
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Zhang P, Wang N, Lin X, Jin L, Xu H, Li R, Huang H. Expression and localization of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in mouse ovaries and preimplantation embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 471:260-5. [PMID: 26850853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), an evolutionarily conserved protein, is involved in several important cellular processes that are relevant to cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer development. However, details of hnRNP K expression during mammalian oogenesis and preimplantation embryo development are lacking. The present study investigates the expression and cellular localization of K protein in the mouse ovaries and preimplantation embryos using immunostaining. We demonstrate, for the first time, that hnRNP K is abundantly expressed in the nuclei of mouse oocytes in primordial, primary and secondary follicles. In germ vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes, hnRNP K accumulates in the germinal vesicle in a spot distribution manner. After germinal vesicle breakdown, speckled hnRNP K is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. However, after fertilization, the K protein relocates into the female and male pronucleus and persists in the blastomere nuclei. Localization of K protein in the human ovary and ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) was also investigated. Overall, this study provides important morphological evidence to better understand the possible roles of hnRNP K in mammalian oogenesis and early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningling Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhua Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Sugimasa H, Taniue K, Kurimoto A, Takeda Y, Kawasaki Y, Akiyama T. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K upregulates the kinetochore complex component NUF2 and promotes the tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Shilo A, Siegfried Z, Karni R. The role of splicing factors in deregulation of alternative splicing during oncogenesis and tumor progression. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e970955. [PMID: 27308389 PMCID: PMC4905244 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.970955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, cancer research has focused on genetic alterations that are detected in malignant tissues and contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. These changes include mutations, copy number variations, and translocations. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic changes, including alternative splicing, play a major role in cancer development and progression. There are relatively few studies on the contribution of alternative splicing and the splicing factors that regulate this process to cancer development and progression. Recently, multiple studies have revealed altered splicing patterns in cancers and several splicing factors were found to contribute to tumor development. Studies using high-throughput genomic analysis have identified mutations in components of the core splicing machinery and in splicing factors in several cancers. In this review, we will highlight new findings on the role of alternative splicing and its regulators in cancer initiation and progression, in addition to novel approaches to correct oncogenic splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Shilo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zahava Siegfried
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School; Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Correspondence to: Rotem Karni;
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11
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Barboro P, Ferrari N, Balbi C. Emerging roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ryu J, Kaul Z, Yoon AR, Liu Y, Yaguchi T, Na Y, Ahn HM, Gao R, Choi IK, Yun CO, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Identification and functional characterization of nuclear mortalin in human carcinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24832-44. [PMID: 25012652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp70 family protein mortalin is an essential chaperone that is frequently enriched in cancer cells and exists in various subcellular sites, including the mitochondrion, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytosol. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying its multiple subcellular localizations are not yet clear, their functional significance has been revealed by several studies. In this study, we examined the nuclear fractions of human cells and found that the malignantly transformed cells have more mortalin than the normal cells. We then generated a mortalin mutant that lacked a mitochondrial targeting signal peptide. It was largely localized in the nucleus, and, hence, is called nuclear mortalin (mot-N). Functional characterization of mot-N revealed that it efficiently protects cancer cells against endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Furthermore, compared with the full-length mortalin overexpressing cancer cells, mot-N derivatives showed increased malignant properties, including higher proliferation rate, colony forming efficacy, motility, and tumor forming capacity both in in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrate that mot-N promotes carcinogenesis and cancer cell metastasis by inactivation of tumor suppressor protein p53 functions and by interaction and functional activation of telomerase and heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ryu
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan, the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Zeenia Kaul
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan, the Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Ye Liu
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yaguchi
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Youjin Na
- the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan, the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Ran Gao
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Il-Kyu Choi
- the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- the Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea, and
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan,
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan,
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Tahir TA, Singh H, Brindle NPJ. The RNA binding protein hnRNP-K mediates post-transcriptional regulation of uncoupling protein-2 by angiopoietin-1. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1379-84. [PMID: 24642125 PMCID: PMC4039131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 and has key roles in the development of the vascular system and vascular protection. In a screen to define signalling pathways regulated by Ang1 in endothelial cells we found the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-K to be phosphorylated in response to Ang1. The ligand stimulated both tyrosine phosphorylation of hnRNP-K and recruitment of the tyrosine kinase Src to the RNA-binding protein. In endothelial cells hnRNP-K was found bound to mRNA encoding the mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Ang1 stimulation of cells resulted in the release of UCP2 mRNA from hnRNP-K. Using in vitro assays we confirmed direct binding between hnRNP-K and UCP2 mRNA. Furthermore Src induced phosphorylation of purified hnRNP-K and prevented UCP2 mRNA binding. Tyrosine 458 in the RNA-binding protein was found to be required for suppression of UCP2 mRNA binding by Src phosphorylation. In addition to releasing UCP2 mRNA from hnRNP-K, Ang1 induced an increase in UCP2 protein expression in endothelial cells without affecting total UCP2 mRNA levels. Consistent with the known effects of UCP2 to suppress generation of reactive oxygen species, Ang1 limited ROS production in endothelium stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α. Taken together these data suggest that UCP2 mRNA is present in endothelial cells bound to hnRNP-K, which holds it in a translationally inactive state, and that Ang1 stimulates Src interaction with hnRNP-K, phosphorylation of the RNA-binding protein, release of these transcripts and upregulation of UCP2 protein expression. This study demonstrates a new mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of UCP2 by the vascular protective ligand Ang1. The ability to rapidly upregulate UCP2 protein expression may be important in protecting endothelial cells from excessive generation of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Tahir
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nicholas P J Brindle
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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BARBORO PAOLA, SALVI SANDRA, RUBAGOTTI ALESSANDRA, BOCCARDO SIMONA, SPINA BRUNO, TRUINI MAURO, CARMIGNANI GIORGIO, INTROINI CARLO, FERRARI NICOLETTA, BOCCARDO FRANCESCO, BALBI CECILIA. Prostate cancer: Prognostic significance of the association of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and androgen receptor expression. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1589-98. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Tang F, Li W, Chen Y, Wang D, Han J, Liu D. Downregulation of hnRNP K by RNAi inhibits growth of human lung carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1073-1077. [PMID: 24944671 PMCID: PMC3961450 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. The current study examined the effects of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K)-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the growth and apoptosis of lung cancer cells in vitro. The expression of hnRNP K was studied by the SP method of immunohistochemistry in lung tissue samples of 70 cases of lung cancer. hnRNP K siRNA were transfected into human lung cancer cell line, A549, using Lipofectamine 2000. Cells transfected with siRNAn and untreated served as controls. The inhibitory effect of siRNA on the expression of hnRNP K mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The change in cell cycling and cell apoptosis of siRNA-treated cells was detected by flow cytometry. The rates of positive hnRNP K expression in lung tumors of diameters ≤3, 3–5 and ≥5 cm, were 38.5, 95.2 and 91.7%, respectively. A significant difference was identified between lung tumors with diameters of ≤3 and ≥3 cm (P<0.01). The expression of hnRNP K mRNA was significantly inhibited in siRNA-transfected cells compared with that in control cells (P<0.05). Notably, hnRNP K protein decreased in hnRNP K siRNA-transfected cells, but exhibited no effect on the control groups. siRNA targeting human hnRNP K effectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cell line, A549, and the distribution of the cell cycle. The apoptosis rate was 4.79% and the number of cells increased in the G0/G1 phase from 37.21 to 85.60% and decreased in the S and G2/M phases from 47.71 to 13.50% and 14.00 to 0.32%, respectively, following 24 h of transfection. hnRNP K siRNA promotes A549 apoptosis and the apoptosis rate was 4.79% (P<0.01). Therefore, hnRNP K siRNA may inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. In addition, hnRNP K promotes the growth of lung cancer cells and, therefore, hnRNP K siRNA may inhibit the growth and increase the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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16
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Khan Z, Shervington A, Munje C, Shervington L. The complexity of identifying cancer stem cell biomarkers. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:404-11. [PMID: 23758188 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.802800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of glioma therapy can be considerably improved if it eliminates cancer stem cells (CSCs); however, to achieve this, CSCs markers are required. This study investigated the influence of micro-environmental changes on CSCs in hypoxic, serum deprived U87-MG and the corresponding control cells. Proteomic analysis produced a wide dataset, depicting the changes that occur at the proteomic level in the differentiated and undifferentiated U87-MG cell line. With the IPA analysis, HPRD and literature reviews, 11 proteins were proposed as potential differentiated biomarkers for CSCs namely Hsp90β1, vimentin, PGK1, GAPDH, EIF4e, TPI1, HspA8, HNRNPK, NAMPT, CCSNK2A1, and ANXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarine Khan
- Brain Tumour North West, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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17
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Gao R, Yu Y, Inoue A, Widodo N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) promotes tumor metastasis by induction of genes involved in extracellular matrix, cell movement, and angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15046-56. [PMID: 23564449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.466136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and still awaits effective therapies. Rapid industrialization has contributed to increase in incidence of cancer. One of the reasons why most of the cancers fail therapy is due to their metastatic property. Hence identification of factors leading to metastasis is highly important to design effective and novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In our earlier study (Inoue, A., Sawata, S. Y., Taira, K., and Wadhwa, R. (2007) Loss-of-function screening by randomized intracellular antibodies: identification of hnRNP-K as a potential target for metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 8983-8988), we had reported that the involvement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) in metastasis. Here, we established hnRNP-K-overexpressing and -underexpressing derivative cell lines and examined their proliferation and metastatic properties in vitro and in vivo. Whereas hnRNP-K compromised cells showed delayed tumor growth, its overexpression resulted in enhanced malignancy and metastasis. Molecular basis of the hnRNP-K induced malignant and metastatic phenotypes was dissected by cDNA microarray and pathway analyses. We found that the hnRNP-K regulates extracellular matrix, cell motility, and angiogenesis pathways. Involvement of the selected genes (Cck, Mmp-3, Ptgs2, and Ctgf) and pathways was validated by gene-specific expression analysis. Our results demonstrated that the hnRNP-K is a potential target for metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan
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18
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Active stabilization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA by hnRNP E1 protects against antisense RNA and microRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2029-46. [PMID: 23478261 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01257-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA is highly stable in endothelial cells (ECs). Posttranscriptional regulation of eNOS mRNA stability is an important component of eNOS regulation, especially under hypoxic conditions. Here, we show that the human eNOS 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) contains multiple, evolutionarily conserved pyrimidine (C and CU)-rich sequence elements that are both necessary and sufficient for mRNA stabilization. Importantly, RNA immunoprecipitations and RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed the formation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1)-containing RNP complexes at these 3'-UTR elements. Knockdown of hnRNP E1 decreased eNOS mRNA half-life, mRNA levels, and protein expression. Significantly, these stabilizing RNP complexes protect eNOS mRNA from the inhibitory effects of its antisense transcript sONE and 3'-UTR-targeting small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), as well as microRNAs, specifically, hsa-miR-765, which targets eNOS mRNA stability determinants. Hypoxia disrupts hnRNP E1/eNOS 3'-UTR interactions via increased Akt-mediated serine phosphorylation (including serine 43) and increased nuclear localization of hnRNP E1. These mechanisms account, at least in part, for the decrease in eNOS mRNA stability under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the stabilization of human eNOS mRNA by hnRNP E1-containing RNP complexes serves as a key protective mechanism against the posttranscriptional inhibitory effects of antisense RNA and microRNAs under basal conditions but is disrupted under hypoxic conditions.
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Xiao Z, Ko HL, Goh EH, Wang B, Ren EC. hnRNP K suppresses apoptosis independent of p53 status by maintaining high levels of endogenous caspase inhibitors. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1458-67. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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20
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Maruo T, Ichikawa T, Kanzaki H, Inoue S, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Yoshida K, Kambara H, Ouchida M, Shimizu K, Tamaru S, Chiocca EA, Date I. Proteomics-based analysis of invasion-related proteins in malignant gliomas. Neuropathology 2012; 33:264-75. [PMID: 23116197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the insidious biological features of gliomas is their potential to extensively invade normal brain tissue, yet molecular mechanisms that dictate this locally invasive behavior remain poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of invasion by malignant gliomas, proteomic analysis was performed using a pair of canine glioma subclones - J3T-1 and J3T-2 - that show different invasion phenotypes in rat brains but have similar genetic backgrounds. Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis of whole-cell lysates of J3T-1 (angiogenesis-dependent invasion phenotype) and J3T-2 (angiogenesis-independent invasion phenotype) was performed. Twenty-two distinct spots were recognized when significant alteration was defined as more than 1.5-fold change in spot intensity between J3T-1 and J3T-2. Four proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-1, and 14 proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-2 were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. One of the proteins identified was annexin A2, which was expressed at higher levels in J3T-1 than in J3T-2. The higher expression of annexin A2 in J3T-1 was corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR of the cultured cells and immunohistochemical staining of the rat brain tumors. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of human glioblastoma specimens showed that annexin A2 was expressed at high levels in the tumor cells that formed clusters around dilated vessels. These results reveal differences in the proteomic profiles between these two cell lines that might correlate with their different invasion profiles. Thus, annexin A2 may be related to angiogenesis-dependent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Maruo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Guo Y, Zhao J, Bi J, Wu Q, Wang X, Lai Q. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a tissue biomarker for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:37. [PMID: 22760167 PMCID: PMC3425156 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors occurring mainly in patients with chronic liver disease. Detection of early HCC is critically important for treatment of these patients. Methods We employed a proteomic profiling approach to identify potential biomarker for early HCC detection. Based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging classification, 15 early HCC and 25 late HCC tissue samples from post-operative HCC patients and their clinicopathological data were used for the discovery of biomarkers specific for the detection of early HCC. Differential proteins among cirrhotic, early, and late tissue samples were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis were performed to find potential biomarkers associated with early HCC. Diagnosis performance of the biomarker was obtained from diagnosis test. Results Protein spot SSP2215 was found to be significantly overexpressed in HCC, particularly in early HCC, and identified as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) by tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF). The overexpression in HCC was subsequently validated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. ROC curve analysis showed that hnRNP K intensity could detect early HCC at 66.67 % sensitivity and 84 % specificity, which was superior to serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) in detection of early HCC. Furthermore, the diagnosis test demonstrated, when combined with hnRNP K and serum AFP as biomarker panel to detect early HCC at different cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity could be enhanced to 93.33 % and 96 %, respectively. Conclusions hnRNP K is a potential tissue biomarker, either alone or in combination with serum AFP, for detection of early HCC. High expression of hnRNP K could be helpful to discriminate early HCC from a nonmalignant nodule, especially for patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Guo
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Kuete V, Eichhorn T, Wiench B, Krusche B, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenic, apoptotic effects and transcript profiling of a naturally occurring naphthyl butenone, guieranone A. Cell Div 2012; 7:16. [PMID: 22892065 PMCID: PMC3782753 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant diseases are responsible of approximately 13% of all deaths each
year in the world. Natural products represent a valuable source for the
development of novel anticancer drugs. The present study was aimed at
evaluating the cytotoxicity of a naphtyl butanone isolated from the leaves
of Guiera senegalensis, guieranone A (GA). Results The results indicated that GA was active on 91.67% of the 12 tested cancer
cell lines, the IC50 values below 4 μg/ml being recorded on
83.33% of them. In addition, the IC50 values obtained on human
lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM (0.73 μg/ml) and its resistant subline
CEM/ADR5000 (1.01 μg/ml) and on lung adenocarcinoma A549 (0.72
μg/ml) cell lines were closer or lower than that of doxorubicin.
Interestingly, low cytotoxicity to normal hepatocyte, AML12 cell line was
observed. GA showed anti-angiogenic activity with up to 51.9% inhibition of
the growth of blood capillaries on the chorioallantoic membrane of quail
embryo. Its also induced apotosis and cell cycle arrest. Ingenuity Pathway
Analysis identified several pathways in CCRF-CEM cells and functional group
of genes regulated upon GA treatment (P < 0.05), the Cell
Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation and ATM
Signaling pathways being amongst the four most involved functional
groups. Conclusion The overall results of this work provide evidence of the cytotoxic potential
of GA and supportive data for its possible use in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Ciarlo M, Benelli R, Barbieri O, Minghelli S, Barboro P, Balbi C, Ferrari N. Regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation by AKT/hnRNPK/AR/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:582-90. [PMID: 22015967 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnostic tools cannot predict clinical failure and androgen-independent disease progression for patients with prostate cancer (PC). The survival signaling pathways of prostate cells play a central role in the progression of tumors to a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype. NE cells demonstrate attributes that suggest that they are an integral part of the signaling cascade leading to castration-resistant PC. In this study, making use of in vitro neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of human LNCaP and mouse TRAMP-C2 cells after androgen withdrawal, and of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, we characterized a sequence of molecular events leading to NED and identified a number of markers that could be detectable by routine analyses not only in castration resistant PC but also in hormone naïve PC at the time of initial diagnosis. We found that NED associates with AKT activation that in turn regulates heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), androgen receptor (AR) and β-catenin levels. Addition of molecules targeting membrane-bound receptors and protein kinases blocks NE differentiation in LNCaP and TRAMP-C2 cells. The extent of AKT phosphorylation and hnRNP K, AR and β-catenin levels may have a potential value as prognostic indicators discriminating between androgen-responsive and unresponsive cells and could be used as molecular targets to monitor the anti-tumor action of new therapeutic protocols based on antireceptor agents and/or neuroendocrine hormone antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ciarlo
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo R Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Li LP, Lu CH, Chen ZP, Ge F, Wang T, Wang W, Xiao CL, Yin XF, Liu L, He JX, He QY. Subcellular proteomics revealed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in lung cancer. Proteomics 2011; 11:429-39. [PMID: 21268272 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering/National Engineering and Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Yu G, Xiao CL, Lu CH, Jia HT, Ge F, Wang W, Yin XF, Jia HL, He JX, He QY. Phosphoproteome profile of human lung cancer cell line A549. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:472-9. [PMID: 21060948 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an in vitro model for type II human lung cancer, A549 cells resist cytotoxicity via phosphorylation of proteins as demonstrated by many studies. However, to date, no large-scale phosphoproteome investigation has been conducted on A549. Here, we performed a systematical analysis of the phosphoproteome of A549 by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based strategies. This investigation led to the identification of 337 phosphorylation sites on 181 phosphoproteins. Among them, 67 phosphoproteins and 230 phosphorylation sites identified appeared to be novel with no previous characterization in lung cancer. Based on their known functions as reported in the literature, these phosphoproteins were functionally organized into highly interconnected networks. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to validate the expression of a bottleneck phosphoprotein YAP1 in cancer cell lines and tissues. This dataset provides a valuable resource for further studies on phosphorylation and lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchuang Yu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Boukakis G, Patrinou-Georgoula M, Lekarakou M, Valavanis C, Guialis A. Deregulated expression of hnRNP A/B proteins in human non-small cell lung cancer: parallel assessment of protein and mRNA levels in paired tumour/non-tumour tissues. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:434. [PMID: 20716340 PMCID: PMC2933625 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) of the A/B type (hnRNP A1, A2/B1, A3) are highly related multifunctional proteins participating in alternative splicing by antagonising other splicing factors, notably ASF/SF2. The altered expression pattern of hnRNP A2/B1 and/or splicing variant B1 alone in human lung cancer and their potential to serve as molecular markers for early diagnosis remain issues of intense investigation. The main objective of the present study was to use paired tumour/non-tumour biopsies from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to investigate the expression profiles of hnRNP A1, A2/B1 and A3 in conjunction with ASF/SF2. Methods We combined western blotting of tissue homogenates with immunohistochemical examination of fixed tissue sections and quantification of mRNA expression levels in tumour versus adjacent normal-looking areas of the lung in the same patient. Results Our study, in addition to clear evidence of mostly uncoupled deregulation of hnRNPs A/B, has revealed hnRNP A1 to be the most deregulated protein with a high frequency of over-expression (76%), followed by A3 (52%) and A2/B1 (43%). Moreover, direct comparison of protein/mRNA levels showed a lack of correlation in the case of hnRNP A1 (as well as of ASF/SF2), but not of A2/B1, suggesting that different mechanisms underlie their deregulation. Conclusion Our results provide strong evidence for the up-regulation of hnRNP A/B in NSCLC, and they support the existence of distinct mechanisms responsible for their deregulated expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Boukakis
- RNA Processing Program, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Wen F, Shen A, Shanas R, Bhattacharyya A, Lian F, Hostetter G, Shi J. Higher expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2619-27. [PMID: 20499280 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K is an essential RNA and DNA binding protein involved in gene expression and signal transduction. The role of hnRNP K in cancer is relatively understudied. However, several cellular functions strongly indicate that hnRNP K is involved in tumorigenesis. Oncogenes c-Src, c-myc, and eIF4E are regulated by hnRNP K. We have shown an increased cytoplasmic hnRNP K in pancreatic cancer. In the present study, we investigated the altered expression of hnRNP K protein and its correlation with p-ERK in melanoma using human melanoma cell lines and tissue microarray. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein levels of hnRNP K and p-ERK in 8 human melanoma cell lines and a melanoma progression tissue microarray containing 80 melanoma, 23 dysplastic nevi, and 14 benign nevi specimens were analyzed using Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. hnRNP K was knocked down by siRNA, and its effect on melanoma cells was assessed. RESULTS We showed a higher hnRNP K protein level in both melanoma cell lines and melanoma tissue specimens, which correlated with a higher c-myc expression. An increase in the cytoplasmic hnRNP K and eIF4E protein levels in melanoma cells is also seen. p-ERK level was also higher in dysplastic nevi and melanoma tissues, but did not correlate with hnRNP K protein level. We then demonstrated that knocking down of hnRNP K by siRNA inhibited melanoma cell growth and colony formation, as well as c-myc expression. CONCLUSIONS hnRNP K expression correlated with melanoma and may play a role in melanoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Wen
- Department of Surgery, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Mikula M, Hanusek K, Paziewska A, Dzwonek A, Rubel T, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J. Halogenated imidazole derivatives block RNA polymerase II elongation along mitogen inducible genes. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:4. [PMID: 20078881 PMCID: PMC2824761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of protein kinases is one of the essential oncogenic driving forces inherent to the process of tumorigenesis. The protein kinase CK2 plays an important role in diverse biological processes, including cell growth and proliferation as well as in the governing and transduction of prosurvival signals. Increased expression of CK2 is a hallmark of some cancers, hence its antiapoptotic properties may be relevant to cancer onset. Thus, the designing and synthesis of the CK2 inhibitors has become an important pursuit in the search for cancer therapies. Results Using a high-throughput microarray approach, we demonstrate that two potent inhibitors of CK2, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole (TBBz) and 2-Dimethyloamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (DMAT), blocked mitogen induced mRNA expression of immediate early genes. Given the impact of these inhibitors on the process of transcription, we investigated their effects on RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation along the mitogen inducible gene, EGR1 (early growth response 1), using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. ChIP analysis demonstrated that both drugs arrest RNAPII elongation. Finally, we show that CDK9 kinase activity, essential for the triggering of RNAPII elongation, was blocked by TBBz and to lesser degree by DMAT. Conclusions Our approach revealed that small molecules derived from halogenated imidazole compounds may decrease cell proliferation, in part, by inhibiting pathways that regulate transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mikula
- Department of Gastroenterology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhou R, Shanas R, Nelson MA, Bhattacharyya A, Shi J. Increased expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K in pancreatic cancer and its association with the mutant p53. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:395-404. [PMID: 19609950 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K is an essential RNA and DNA binding protein involved in gene expression and signal transduction including DNA transcription, RNA splicing, RNA stability and translation. The role of hnRNP K in cancer is relatively understudied. However, several cellular functions strongly indicate that hnRNP K is involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the altered protein expression and the subcellular distribution of the hnRNP K protein using tissue microarrays in pancreatic cancer. We showed an increased cytoplasmic hnRNP K in pancreatic cancer. This increase in hnRNP K protein occurs at the posttranscriptional level. We postulate that the cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP K will lead to silenced mRNA translation of tumor suppressor genes and thus contributes to pancreatic cancer development. We also demonstrated that knocking down of hnRNP K expression by siRNA inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth and colony formation. hnRNP K was identified as a member of the p53/HDM2 pathway. Whether hnRNP K interacts with the mutant p53 is not known. Using two different pancreatic cancer cell lines, we can demonstrate that hnRNP K interacts with the mutant p53. The subcellular distribution and function of the mutant p53 and the interaction of hnRNP K/mutant p53 were affected by the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway, growth factors and the specific p53 mutations in pancreatic cancer cells. Since Kras is activated and p53 is mutated in most pancreatic cancers, these data unveiled an important new signaling pathway that linked by hnRNP K and mutant p53 in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyuan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, P.R. China
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Matta A, Tripathi SC, DeSouza LV, Grigull J, Kaur J, Chauhan SS, Srivastava A, Thakar A, Shukla NK, Duggal R, DattaGupta S, Ralhan R, Michael Siu K. Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K is a marker of oral leukoplakia and correlates with poor prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1398-406. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fung KYC, Lewanowitsch T, Henderson ST, Priebe I, Hoffmann P, McColl SR, Lockett T, Head R, Cosgrove LJ. Proteomic analysis of butyrate effects and loss of butyrate sensitivity in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1220-7. [PMID: 19195990 DOI: 10.1021/pr8009929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate, a fermentation product of the large bowel microflora, is potentially protective against the development of colorectal cancer. In vitro, butyrate has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in numerous cancer cell lines, including colorectal cancer. Although these tumor suppressing properties of butyrate are well-documented in experimental systems, the mechanisms underlying the induction of these effects are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms in cancer cells, as well as the pathways involved in a cell's ability to overcome them and progress toward malignancy, is vital to determine therapeutic approaches for disease management. We have developed a colorectal cancer cell line (HT29-BR) that is less responsive to the apoptotic effects of butyrate through sustained exposure of HT29 cells to 5 mM butyrate and have used proteomics to investigate the mechanisms involved in the development of butyrate insensitivity. Proteomic analysis identified a number of cellular processes in HT29 and HT29-BR cells influenced by butyrate including remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, inhibition of protein biosynthesis and dysregulation of the cell stress response. We describe novel roles for butyrate in the induction of its tumor suppressing effects and outline potential cellular pathways involved in the development of butyrate insensitivity in the HT29-BR cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Y C Fung
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, Australia, CSIRO, Human Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia, CSIRO, Division of Molecular and Health Technologies, Adelaide, Australia
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Benelli R, Monteghirfo S, Balbi C, Barboro P, Ferrari N. Novel antivascular efficacy of metronomic docetaxel therapy in prostate cancer: hnRNP K as a player. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2989-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Revil T, Pelletier J, Toutant J, Cloutier A, Chabot B. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K represses the production of pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS splice isoform. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21458-67. [PMID: 19520842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-x pre-mRNA is alternatively spliced to produce the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L) and the pro-apoptotic Bcl-x(S) isoforms. By performing deletion mutagenesis on a human Bcl-x minigene, we have identified a novel exonic element that controls the use of the 5' splice site of Bcl-x(S). The proximal portion of this element acts as a repressor and is located downstream of an enhancer. Further mutational analysis provided a detailed topological map of the regulatory activities revealing a sharp transition between enhancer and repressor sequences. Portions of the enhancer can function when transplanted in another alternative splicing unit. Chromatography and immunoprecipitation assays indicate that the silencer element interacts with heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) K, consistent with the presence of putative high affinity sites for this protein. Finally, down-regulation of hnRNP K by RNA interference enhanced splicing to Bcl-x(S), an effect seen only when the sequences bound by hnRNP K are present. Our results therefore document a clear role for hnRNP K in preventing the production of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-x(S) splice isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Revil
- RNA/RNP Group, Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K: altered pattern of expression associated with diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1608-16. [PMID: 19401687 PMCID: PMC2696760 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using proteomic analysis of the nuclear matrix (NM), we found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a member of the hnRNP family with pleiotropic functions, was differentially expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues. This study aimed to characterise the expression of hnRNP K and its subcellular localisation in PCa, utilising immunohistochemical and quantitative western blot techniques. Furthermore, the hnRNP K expression was studied in human PCa cell lines in order to determine its modulation by bicalutamide, the anti-androgen widely used in PCa therapy. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissues showed that hnRNP K was overexpressed in PCa, where it was localised both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Staining of non-tumour tissues showed exclusively nuclear localisation and a less intense or absent signal. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the hnRNP K level within the NM was higher in PCa compared with non-tumour tissues and closely correlated with Gleason score (P=0.008). Higher expression within the NM was significantly (P=0.032) associated with poor prognosis. In two-dimensional western blot analysis hnRNP K presented several isoforms; the one with pI 5.1 was the most differently expressed between non-tumour and PCa tissues. Preliminary results indicate that hnRNP K can be modulated in vitro by a non-steroidal anti-androgen. Taken together, our findings suggest that hnRNP K has potential implications at the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic levels in PCa.
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Mukhopadhyay NK, Kim J, Cinar B, Ramachandran A, Hager MH, Di Vizio D, Adam RM, Rubin MA, Raychaudhuri P, De Benedetti A, Freeman MR. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a novel regulator of androgen receptor translation. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2210-8. [PMID: 19258514 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer is still poorly understood. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in prostate cancer cells was previously shown to lower AR expression by a rapamycin-sensitive, posttranscriptional mechanism involving the AR mRNA 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). In a search for an intermediate within the EGFR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway that regulates AR at this site, we identified the nucleic acid-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K), by mass spectrometric analysis of Akt immune complexes from lipid raft-enriched subcellular fractions. We show here that hnRNP-K is a novel inhibitor of AR mRNA translation that regulates androgen-responsive gene expression and prostate cancer cell proliferation. A functional hnRNP-K binding site involved in down-regulating AR protein levels was identified in the AR mRNA 5'-UTR. Further analysis revealed that hnRNP-K is also able to inhibit AR translation in the absence of the 5'-UTR, consistent with the presence of additional predicted hnRNP-K binding sites within the AR open reading frame and in the 3'-UTR. Immunohistochemical analysis of a human prostate cancer tissue microarray revealed an inverse correlation between hnRNP-K expression and AR protein levels in organ-confined prostate tumors and a substantial decline in cytoplasmic hnRNP-K in metastases, despite an overall increase in hnRNP-K levels in metastatic tumors. These data suggest that translational inhibition of AR by hnRNP-K may occur in organ-confined tumors but possibly at a reduced level in metastases. HnRNP-K is the first protein identified that directly interacts with and regulates the AR translational apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit K Mukhopadhyay
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yi Z, Jingting C, Yu Z. Proteomics Reveals Protein Profile Changes in Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor-Treated Endometrial Cancer Cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009; 19:326-33. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e31819f1b4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective:To examine effects of an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NS-398, on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion characteristics of endometrial cancer cell RL95-2.Methods:(1) Western blotting was carried out to determine COX-2 protein expression in RL95-2 cells and normal endometrium specimens. (2) The effect of NS-398 treatment on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, and matrigel invasion assay, respectively. (3) Finally, the proteomic analysis was used to find out proteins that are differentially expressed because of NS-398 treatment.Results:(1) COX-2 protein in RL95-2 cell line was significantly higher than that in normal endometrium. (2) NS-398 had significant growth inhibition effects on RL95-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (3) NS-398 increased the proportion of cells in G1 and decreased the proportion of cells in the G2 phase in RL95-2 cells. (4) NS-398 could restrain endometrial cancer cells invasion. (5) The proteomic analysis revealed several proteins that are differentially expressed because of NS-398 treatment; the down-regulated proteins identified are hnRNP K, α enolase, Hsp70, tropomyosin, and protein disulfide isomerase, the up-regulated protein is phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein.Conclusions:The expression of COX-2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis of endometrial cancer. NS-398 can inhibit the ability of RL95-2 cell proliferation, viability, and invasion. In this study, the well-resolved reproducible 2-DE maps of NS-398 treated and control RL95-2 cells were established, and the significantly different expressed proteins are preliminary identified.
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Bai DS, Dai Z, Zhou J, Liu YK, Qiu SJ, Tan CJ, Shi YH, Huang C, Wang Z, He YF, Fan J. Capn4 overexpression underlies tumor invasion and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2009; 49:460-70. [PMID: 19053044 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver transplantation (LT) is one of the best therapeutic options for nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, some HCC patients succumb to the disease after LT, which reduces long- and medium-term survival. To identify the proteins associated with HCC invasion and metastasis, HCC patients undergoing LT with complete follow-up data were included in this study and were categorized into recurrence and nonrecurrence groups. We extracted the total protein from the acquired homogeneous tumor cells and applied a cleavable isotope-coded affinity tag technology to quantitate relative changes in protein levels between the two groups. We identified a total of 149 proteins with two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, including 52 differentially expressed proteins by at least two-fold. Among them, calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4), a protein with relevant interactions with many migration-invasion-related proteins, has attracted more attention. First, Capn4 overexpression in the recurrence group was confirmed via real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in another cohort of 40 HCC patients undergoing LT. Second, Capn4 was associated with enhanced invasiveness in vitro. The small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown expression of Capn4 in HCC cell lines significantly inhibited its mobile and invasive ability. Tissue microarray in a further 192 cases revealed that Capn4 significantly correlated with invasive phenotype of HCC, and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that Capn4 is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that Capn4 overexpression underlies invasion and metastasis after LT for HCC and might be a candidate biomarker for future diagnosis and a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Sheng Bai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Chambery A, Colucci-D’Amato L, Vissers JPC, Scarpella S, Langridge JI, Parente A. Proteomic Profiling of Proliferating and Differentiated Neural mes-c-myc A1 Cell Line from Mouse Embryonic Mesencephalon by LC−MS. J Proteome Res 2008; 8:227-38. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800454n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Colucci-D’Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes P. C. Vissers
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Scarpella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James I. Langridge
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy, Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131-Napoli, Italy, and Waters Corporation, MS Technologies Center, M22 5PP Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sataranatarajan K, Lee MJ, Mariappan MM, Feliers D. PKCdelta regulates the stimulation of vascular endothelial factor mRNA translation by angiotensin II through hnRNP K. Cell Signal 2008; 20:969-77. [PMID: 18295448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury is partly mediated by growth factors such as VEGF. We have previously shown that Ang II rapidly increases VEGF protein synthesis in proximal tubular epithelial (MCT) cells by augmenting mRNA translation, which is partly dependent on activation and binding of hnRNP K to 3' untranslated region (UTR) of VEGF mRNA. Regulation of hnRNP K activation by PKCdelta was studied in MCT cells. Transfection with a PKCdelta siRNA inhibited hnRNP K Ser302 phosphorylation and activation, and reduced Ang II stimulation of VEGF synthesis. Inhibition of PKCdelta with röttlerin also prevented binding of hnRNP K to VEGF mRNA and reduced the efficiency of VEGF mRNA translation. In db/db mice at 2 weeks of type 2 diabetes, VEGF expression was increased, which was due not to increase in transcription but to augmented translation of VEGF mRNA. Augmented VEGF expression was associated with increased binding of hnRNP K to VEGF mRNA. c-src and PKCdelta activities and hnRNP K phosphorylation on Ser302 in renal cortex of db/db mice were increased compared to control mice. We conclude: Ang II-induced VEGF mRNA translation is associated with activation of hnRNP K in MCT cells. In the signaling pathway leading to hnRNP K activation induced by Ang II, PKCdelta is downstream of c-src. PKCdelta-mediated phosphorylation of hnRNP K is required for Ang II stimulation of VEGF mRNA translation. In mice with type 2 diabetes, src and PKCdelta activation and hnRNP K phosphorylation correlate with increased VEGF mRNA translation and kidney hypertrophy. 3' UTR events are important in regulation of VEGF expression in models of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavithalakshmi Sataranatarajan
- O'Brien Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine/Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States
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Leopoldino AM, Carregaro F, Silva CHTP, Feitosa O, Mancini UM, Freitas JM, Tajara EH. Sequence and transcriptional study of HNRPK pseudogenes, and expression and molecular modeling analysis of hnRNP K isoforms. Genome 2007; 50:451-62. [PMID: 17612614 DOI: 10.1139/g07-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) comprise a large family of proteins that play important roles in telomere biogenesis, DNA repair, cellular signaling, and the regulation of expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. One of the most extensively studied hnRNP family members, hnRNP K, has been implicated in a variety of processes, including chromatin remodeling, transcription, splicing, and translation events. In this study, we analyzed processed HNRPK pseudogenes (HNRPK psi1-psi4) and coding sequences. HNRPK pseudogenes are apparently nonfunctional, and psi1 might correspond to transcripts from an ancestral gene. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses suggest that HNRP genes arose by duplication, and that new structural and sequence features expanded the functions of hnRNPs. The expression analysis of hnRNP K isoforms showed that isoform a is expressed in normal testis and in non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H1155 NSCLC cell line), although the shorter isoform (isoform b) is expressed in different tumor cell lines (IM9 B-lymphoblastoid, Hs578T human breast cancer epithelial, T98G human glioma cell lines). Using molecular modeling, we obtained KH1 and KH3 models, which pointed to important residues for DNA-protein binding and no structural differences between isoforms a and b. To our knowledge, this is the first phylogenetic study including vertebrate HNRP genes and HNRPK pseudogenes, and the first report comparing the KH1 and KH3 domains of isoforms a and b of the hnRNP K protein. New investigations in tumor samples must be done to validate the differential expression observed here. The results shown are important because the hnRNP K protein might represent a new target for pharmacologic intervention in virus replication and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia M Leopoldino
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Henrich S, Crossett B, Christopherson RI. Differentially expressed nuclear proteins in human CCRF-CEM, HL-60, MEC-1 and Raji cells correlate with cellular properties. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:1252-65. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chiou YY, Lin WJ, Fu SL, Lin CH. Direct mass-spectrometric identification of Arg296 and Arg299 as the methylation sites of hnRNP K protein for methyltransferase PRMT1. Protein J 2007; 26:87-93. [PMID: 17191129 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-9049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein methylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that contribute to the diversity and complexity of proteome. Here we report the study of in vitro methylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) with protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), as an enzyme, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), as a methyl donor. The mass analysis of tryptic peptides of hnRNP K before and after methylation reveals the addition of four methyl groups in the residues 288-303. Tandem mass-spectrometric analysis of this peptide shows that both Arg296 and Arg299 are dimethylated. In addition, fragmentation analysis of such methylated arginines illustrate that they are both asymmetric dimethylarginines. Since Arg296 and Arg299 are located near the SH3-binding domains of hnRNP K, such methylation has the potential in regulating the interaction of hnRNP K with Src protein family. Our results provide crucial information for further functional study of hnRNP K methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Chiou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Inoue A, Sawata SY, Taira K, Wadhwa R. Loss-of-function screening by randomized intracellular antibodies: identification of hnRNP-K as a potential target for metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:8983-8. [PMID: 17483488 PMCID: PMC1885614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0607595104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a loss-of-function screening system on the basis of intracellular expression of single domain antibodies. We demonstrate its use in identification of potential targets of metastasis of human cancerous cells. Randomized intracellular antibodies were expressed in highly metastatic cells, and a derivative pool of cells with loss of migration phenotype in chemotaxis assay was isolated. Isolation of antibodies from cells with loss of migration phenotype and identification of their target proteins revealed the involvement of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K), a multifunctional signaling protein, in metastasis. Furthermore, we found that the cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K is crucial for its role in metastasis. The results demonstrate (i) the advantages of our functional interference screening over the gene-knockouts and gene-silencing, (ii) hnRNP-K as a potential target of metastasis, and (iii) a potential anti-metastasis peptide validated in in vitro cell migration assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Inoue
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan.
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Alvarez I, Carrascal M, Canals F, Muixí L, Abián J, Jaraquemada D. Analysis of the HLA class I associated peptide repertoire in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line reveals tumor-specific peptides as putative targets for immunotherapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1:286-98. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200600388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Salim K, Guest PC, Skynner HA, Bilsland JG, Bonnert TP, McAllister G, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Identification of Proteomic Changes during Differentiation of Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2007; 16:143-65. [PMID: 17233554 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of neural precursor cells (NPCs) represents a promising repair strategy for many neurological disorders. However, the molecular events and biological features that control NPC proliferation and their differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are unclear. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomics approach to identify proteins that were differentially regulated in NPCs after short-term differentiation. We also used a subcellular fractionation technique for enrichment of nuclei and other dense organelles to identify proteins that were not readily detected in whole cell extracts. In total, 115 distinct proteins underwent expression changes during NPC differentiation. Forty one of these were only identified following subcellular fractionation. These included transcription factors, RNA-processing factors, cell cycle proteins, and proteins that translocate between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Biological network analysis showed that the differentiation of NPCs was associated with significant changes in cell cycle and protein synthesis machinery. Further characterization of these proteins could provide greater insight into the mechanisms involved in regulation of neurogenesis in the adult central nervous system (CNS) and potentially identify points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Salim
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex, CM20 2QR, United Kingdom.
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46
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Salim K, Guest PC, Skynner HA, Bilsland JG, Bonnert TP, McAllister G, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Identification of Proteomic Changes During Differentiation of Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.16.ft-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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47
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Carpenter B, McKay M, Dundas SR, Lawrie LC, Telfer C, Murray GI. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is over expressed, aberrantly localised and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:921-7. [PMID: 16953238 PMCID: PMC2360539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a member of the hnRNP family which has several different cellular roles including transcription, mRNA shuttling, RNA editing and translation. Several reports implicate hnRNP K having a role in tumorigenesis, for instance hnRNP K increases transcription of the oncogene c-myc and hnRNP K expression is regulated by the p53/MDM 2 pathway. In this study comparing normal colon to colorectal cancer by proteomics, hnRNP K was identified as being overexpressed in this type of cancer. Immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody to hnRNP K (which we developed) on colorectal cancer tissue microarray, confirmed that hnRNP K was overexpressed in colorectal cancer (P<0.001) and also showed that hnRNP K had an aberrant subcellular localisation in cancer cells. In normal colon hnRNP K was exclusively nuclear whereas in colorectal cancer the protein localised both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. There were significant increases in both nuclear (P=0.007) and cytoplasmic (P=0.001) expression of hnRNP K in Dukes C tumours compared with early stage tumours. In Dukes C patient's good survival was associated with increased hnRNP K nuclear expression (P=0.0093). To elaborate on the recent observation that hnRNP K is regulated by p53, the expression profiles of these two proteins were also analysed. There was no correlation between hnRNP K and p53 expression, however, patients who presented tumours that were positive for hnRNP K and p53 had a poorer survival outcome (P=0.045).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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48
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Eman MR, Regan-Klapisz E, Pinkse MWH, Koop IM, Haverkamp J, Heck AJR, Verkleij AJ, Post JA. Protein expression dynamics during replicative senescence of endothelial cells studied by 2-D difference in-gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:1669-82. [PMID: 16609940 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial senescence contributes to endothelium dysfunctionality and is thereby linked to vascular aging. A dynamic proteomic study on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, isolated from three umbilical cords, was performed. The cells were cultured towards replicative senescence and whole cell lysates were subjected to 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE). Despite the biological variability of the three independent isolations, a set of proteins was found that showed senescence-dependent expression patterns in all isolations. We focused on those proteins that showed significant changes, with a paired analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) p-value of < or =0.05. Thirty-five proteins were identified with LC-Fourier transform MS, and functional annotation revealed that endothelial replicative senescence is accompanied by increased cellular stress, protein biosynthesis and reduction in DNA repair and maintenance. Nuclear integrity becomes affected and cytoskeletal structure is also changed. Such important changes in the cell infrastructure might accelerate endothelium dysfunctionality. This study provides biological information that will initiate studies to further unravel endothelial senescence and gain more knowledge about the consequences of this process in the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Eman
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Mikula M, Dzwonek A, Karczmarski J, Rubel T, Dadlez M, Wyrwicz LS, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J. Landscape of the hnRNP K protein-protein interactome. Proteomics 2006; 6:2395-406. [PMID: 16518874 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is an ancient RNA/DNA-binding protein that is involved in multiple processes that compose gene expression. The pleiotropic action of K protein reflects its ability to interact with different classes of factors, interactions that are regulated by extracellular signals. We used affinity purification and MS to better define the repertoire of K protein partners. We identified a large number of new K protein partners, some typically found in subcellular compartments, such as plasma membrane, where K protein has not previously been seen. Electron microscopy showed K protein in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and in vicinity of plasma membrane. These observations greatly expanded the view of the landscape of K protein-protein interaction and provide new opportunities to explore signal transduction and gene expression in several subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mikula
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Klimek-Tomczak K, Mikula M, Dzwonek A, Paziewska A, Karczmarski J, Hennig E, Bujnicki JM, Brągoszewski P, Denisenko O, Bomsztyk K, Ostrowski J. Editing of hnRNP K protein mRNA in colorectal adenocarcinoma and surrounding mucosa. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:586-92. [PMID: 16404425 PMCID: PMC2361188 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) protein is an RNA-binding protein involved in many processes that compose gene expression. K protein is upregulated in the malignant processes and has been shown to modulate the expression of genes involved in mitogenic responses and tumorigenesis. To explore the possibility that there are alternative isoforms of K protein expressed in colon cancer, we amplified and sequenced K protein mRNA that was isolated from colorectal cancers as well as from normal tissues surrounding the tumours. Sequencing revealed a single G-to-A base substitution at position 274 that was found in tumours and surrounding mucosa, but not in individuals that had no colorectal tumour. This substitution most likely reflects an RNA editing event because it was not found in the corresponding genomic DNAs. Sequencing of RNA from normal colonic mucosa of patients with prior resection of colorectal cancer revealed only the wild-type K protein transcript, indicating that G274A isoform is tumour related. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an RNA editing event in cancer and its surrounding tissue, a finding that may offer a new diagnostic and treatment marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klimek-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - M Mikula
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - A Dzwonek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - A Paziewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - J Karczmarski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - E Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - J M Bujnicki
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - P Brągoszewski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
| | - O Denisenko
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Lake Union, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - K Bomsztyk
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Lake Union, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - J Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education and Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw 02-781, Poland. E-mail:
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