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Silva M, Vivancos C, Duffau H. The Concept of «Peritumoral Zone» in Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas: Oncological and Functional Implications for a Connectome-Guided Therapeutic Attitude. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040504. [PMID: 35448035 PMCID: PMC9032126 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are heterogeneous and poorly circumscribed neoplasms with isolated tumor cells that extend beyond the margins of the lesion depicted on MRI. Efforts to demarcate the glioma core from the surrounding healthy brain led us to define an intermediate region, the so-called peritumoral zone (PTZ). Although most studies about PTZ have been conducted on high-grade gliomas, the purpose here is to review the cellular, metabolic, and radiological characteristics of PTZ in the specific context of DLGG. A better delineation of PTZ, in which glioma cells and neural tissue strongly interact, may open new therapeutic avenues to optimize both functional and oncological results. First, a connectome-based “supratotal” surgical resection (i.e., with the removal of PTZ in addition to the tumor core) resulted in prolonged survival by limiting the risk of malignant transformation, while improving the quality of life, thanks to a better control of seizures. Second, the timing and order of (neo)adjuvant medical treatments can be modulated according to the pattern of peritumoral infiltration. Third, the development of new drugs specifically targeting the PTZ could be considered from an oncological (such as immunotherapy) and epileptological perspective. Further multimodal investigations of PTZ are needed to maximize long-term outcomes in DLGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Catalina Vivancos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Team “Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors”, Institute of Functional Genomics, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1191, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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2
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Stoecklein VM, Stoecklein S, Galiè F, Ren J, Schmutzer M, Unterrainer M, Albert NL, Kreth FW, Thon N, Liebig T, Ertl-Wagner B, Tonn JC, Liu H. Resting-state fMRI detects alterations in whole brain connectivity related to tumor biology in glioma patients. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1388-1398. [PMID: 32107555 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic infiltration of the brain by tumor cells is a hallmark of glioma pathogenesis which may cause disturbances in functional connectivity. We hypothesized that aggressive high-grade tumors cause more damage to functional connectivity than low-grade tumors. METHODS We designed an imaging tool based on resting-state functional (f)MRI to individually quantify abnormality of functional connectivity and tested it in a prospective cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioma. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were analyzed (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II, n = 13; grade III, n = 6; grade IV, n = 15; mean age, 48.7 y). Connectivity abnormality could be observed not only in the lesioned brain area but also in the contralateral hemisphere with a close correlation between connectivity abnormality and aggressiveness of the tumor as indicated by WHO grade. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status was also associated with abnormal connectivity, with more alterations in IDH1 wildtype tumors independent of tumor size. Finally, deficits in neuropsychological performance were correlated with connectivity abnormality. CONCLUSION Here, we suggested an individually applicable resting-state fMRI marker in glioma patients. Analysis of the functional connectome using this marker revealed that abnormalities of functional connectivity could be detected not only adjacent to the visible lesion but also in distant brain tissue, even in the contralesional hemisphere. These changes were associated with tumor biology and cognitive function. The ability of our novel method to capture tumor effects in nonlesional brain suggests a potential clinical value for both individualizing and monitoring glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit M Stoecklein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Stoecklein
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Galiè
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianxun Ren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Schmutzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich-W Kreth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Thon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Liebig
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg-C Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium , partner site Munich, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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3
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Zhang C, Yu R, Li Z, Song H, Zang D, Deng M, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qu X. Comprehensive analysis of genes based on chr1p/19q co-deletion reveals a robust 4-gene prognostic signature for lower grade glioma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4971-4984. [PMID: 31213913 PMCID: PMC6551448 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The chr1p/19q co-deletion is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with lower grade glioma. The aim of this study was to reveal key genes for prognosis and establish prognostic gene signatures based on genes encoded by chr1p/19q. Materials and methods: The data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lower grade glioma tissue and normal brain were identified. The univariate COX regression, robust likelihood-base survival analysis (rbsurv) and multivariate COX regression analysis were used to establish the 4-gene-signature based on the DEGs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Mere curve were used to verify the prediction accuracy of the signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were also performed to explore the reasons for good prognosis in patients with chr1p/19q deletion. Results: A total of 1346 DEGs were identified between lower grade glioma samples and normal brain samples in GSE16011, including 56 up-regulated mRNAs located on chr1p and 20 up-regulated mRNAs located on chr19q. We established a 4-gene-signature that was significantly associated with survival based on the 76 gene. The AUC of the 4-gene-signature for 5-year OS in TCGA and CGGA was 0.837 and 0.876, respectively, which was superior compared to other parameters such as chr1p/19q co-deletion, IDH mutant, WHO grade and histology type, especially in chr1p/19q non-co-deletion patients. GSEA and KEGG analysis suggested that the prolongation of chr1p/19q in patients could be associated with cell cycle and DNA mismatch repairing. Conclusions: We established a robust 4-gene-signature based on the chr1p/19q and we explored the potential function of these newly identified survival-associated genes by bioinformatics analysis. The 4-gene from the signature are promising molecular targets to be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoxi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicong Song
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Amelot A, Deroulers C, Badoual M, Polivka M, Adle-Biassette H, Houdart E, Carpentier AF, Froelich S, Mandonnet E. Surgical Decision Making From Image-Based Biophysical Modeling of Glioblastoma: Not Ready for Primetime. Neurosurgery 2018; 80:793-799. [PMID: 28387870 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biophysical modeling of glioma is gaining more interest for clinical practice. The most popular model describes aggressivity of tumor cells by two parameters: net proliferation rate (ρ) and propensity to migrate (D). The ratio ρ/D, which can be estimated from a single preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), characterizes tumor invasiveness profile (high ρ/D: nodular; low ρ/D: diffuse). A recent study reported, from a large series of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, that gross total resection (GTR) would improve survival only in patients with nodular tumors. OBJECTIVE To replicate these results, that is to verify that benefit of GTR would be only observed for nodular tumors. METHODS Between 2005 and 2012, we considered 234 GBM patients with pre- and postoperative MRI. Stereotactic biopsy (BST) was performed in 109 patients. Extent of resection was assessed on postoperative MRI and classified as GTR or partial resection (PR). Invasiveness ρ/D was estimated from the preoperative tumor volumes on T1-Gadolinium-enhanced and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. RESULTS We demonstrate that patients with diffuse GBM (low ρ/D), as well as more nodular (mid and high ρ/D) GBM, presented significant survival benefit from GTR over PR/BST ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Whatever the degree of tumor invasiveness, as estimated from MRI-driven biophysical modeling, GTR improves survival of GBM patients, compared to PR or BST. This conflicting result should motivate further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Amelot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marc Polivka
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Houdart
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Antoine F Carpentier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Sebastien Froelich
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Université Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,IMNC, UMR8165, Orsay, France.,Université Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France
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5
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Ylivinkka I, Sihto H, Tynninen O, Hu Y, Laakso A, Kivisaari R, Laakkonen P, Keski-Oja J, Hyytiäinen M. Motility of glioblastoma cells is driven by netrin-1 induced gain of stemness. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017; 36:9. [PMID: 28069038 PMCID: PMC5223529 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is an untreatable brain cancer. The tumors contain a population of stem-like cells which are highly invasive and resistant to therapies. These cells are the main reason for the lethality of glioblastoma. Extracellular guidance molecule netrin-1 promotes the invasiveness and survival of various cancer cell types. We have previously found that netrin-1 activates Notch signaling, and Notch signaling associates with cell stemness. Therefore, we have here investigated the effects of netrin-1 on glioblastoma pathogenesis and glioblastoma cell stemness. METHODS Glioma tissue microarrays were stained with immunohistochemistry and the results were used to evaluate the association between netrin-1 and survival of glioma patients. The localization of netrin-1 was analyzed utilizing fresh frozen glioblastoma tissues. The glioma cell invasion was investigated using ex vivo glioma tissue cultures and newly established primary cell cultures in 3D in vitro invasion assays. Intracranial mouse xenograft models were utilized to investigate the effects of netrin-1 on glioblastoma growth and invasion in vivo. RESULTS Netrin-1 expression associated with poor patient prognosis in grade II-III gliomas. In addition, its expression correlated with the stem-like cell marker nestin. Netrin-1 overexpression in cultured cells led to increased formation of stem-like cell spheroids. In glioblastoma tumor biopsies netrin-1 localized to hypoxic tumor areas known to be rich in the stem-like cells. In xenograft mouse models netrin-1 expression altered the phenotype of non-invasive glioblastoma cells into diffusively invading and increased the expression of glioma stem-like cell markers. Furthermore, a distinct invasion pattern where netrin-1 positive cells were following the invasive stem-like cells was detected both in mouse models and ex vivo human glioblastoma tissue cultures. Inhibition of netrin-1 signaling targeted especially the stem-like cells and inhibited their infiltrative growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe netrin-1 as an important regulator of glioblastoma cell stemness and motility. Netrin-1 activates Notch signaling in glioblastoma cells resulting in subsequent gain of stemness and enhanced invasiveness of these cells. Moreover, inhibition of netrin-1 signaling may offer a way to target stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ylivinkka
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, B530b2, PL 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Badve C, Yu A, Dastmalchian S, Rogers M, Ma D, Jiang Y, Margevicius S, Pahwa S, Lu Z, Schluchter M, Sunshine J, Griswold M, Sloan A, Gulani V. MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:492-499. [PMID: 28034994 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This study assessed the utility of MR fingerprinting in differentiating common types of adult intra-axial brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR fingerprinting acquisition was performed in 31 patients with untreated intra-axial brain tumors: 17 glioblastomas, 6 World Health Organization grade II lower grade gliomas, and 8 metastases. T1, T2 of the solid tumor, immediate peritumoral white matter, and contralateral white matter were summarized within each ROI. Statistical comparisons on mean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis were performed by using the univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test across various tumor types. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple-comparison testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for discrimination between glioblastomas and metastases, and area under the receiver operator curve was calculated. RESULTS Mean T2 values could differentiate solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas from metastases (mean, 172 ± 53 ms, and 105 ± 27 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). The mean T1 of peritumoral white matter surrounding lower grade gliomas differed from peritumoral white matter around glioblastomas (mean, 1066 ± 218 ms, and 1578 ± 331 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean T2 of solid tumor offered the best separation between glioblastomas and metastases with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69-1.00; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement in brain tumors and surrounding tissues. MR fingerprinting-based relaxometry can identify quantitative differences between solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas and metastases and between peritumoral regions of glioblastomas and lower grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Badve
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A Yu
- School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)
| | - S Dastmalchian
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M Rogers
- School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)
| | - D Ma
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)
| | - S Margevicius
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - S Pahwa
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Z Lu
- School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)
| | - M Schluchter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J Sunshine
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M Griswold
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)
| | - A Sloan
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (A.S.), University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - V Gulani
- From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)
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7
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Gallego-Perez D, Chang L, Shi J, Ma J, Kim SH, Zhao X, Malkoc V, Wang X, Minata M, Kwak KJ, Wu Y, Lafyatis GP, Lu W, Hansford DJ, Nakano I, Lee LJ. On-Chip Clonal Analysis of Glioma-Stem-Cell Motility and Therapy Resistance. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5326-32. [PMID: 27420544 PMCID: PMC5040341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced glioma-stem-cell (GSC) motility and therapy resistance are considered to play key roles in tumor cell dissemination and recurrence. As such, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which these cells disseminate and withstand therapy could lead to more efficacious treatments. Here, we introduce a novel micro-/nanotechnology-enabled chip platform for performing live-cell interrogation of patient-derived GSCs with single-clone resolution. On-chip analysis revealed marked intertumoral differences (>10-fold) in single-clone motility profiles between two populations of GSCs, which correlated well with results from tumor-xenograft experiments and gene-expression analyses. Further chip-based examination of the more-aggressive GSC population revealed pronounced interclonal variations in motility capabilities (up to ∼4-fold) as well as gene-expression profiles at the single-cell level. Chip-supported therapy resistance studies with a chemotherapeutic agent (i.e., temozolomide) and an oligo RNA (anti-miR363) revealed a subpopulation of CD44-high GSCs with strong antiapoptotic behavior as well as enhanced motility capabilities. The living-cell-interrogation chip platform described herein enables thorough and large-scale live monitoring of heterogeneous cancer-cell populations with single-cell resolution, which is not achievable by any other existing technology and thus has the potential to provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulating glioma-stem-cell dissemination and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.;
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Junyu Ma
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, 1824 6th Avenuce South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xi Zhao
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Veysi Malkoc
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mutsuko Minata
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, 1824 6th Avenuce South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kwang J. Kwak
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yun Wu
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Gregory P. Lafyatis
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Wu Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Derek J. Hansford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1080 Carmack Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama, 1824 6th Avenuce South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - L. James Lee
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Corresponding Authors:.;
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8
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Fayzullin A, Tuvnes FA, Skjellegrind HK, Behnan J, Mughal AA, Langmoen IA, Vik-Mo EO. Time-lapse phenotyping of invasive glioma cells ex vivo reveals subtype-specific movement patterns guided by tumor core signaling. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:199-213. [PMID: 27515001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The biology of glioblastoma invasion and its mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate using time-lapse microscopy that grafting of glioblastoma (GBM) tumorspheres into rodent brain slices results in experimental ex vivo tumors with invasive properties that recapitulate the invasion observed after orthotopic transplantation into the rodent brain. The migratory movements and mitotic patterns were clearly modified by signals extrinsic to the invading cells. The cells migrated away from the tumorspheres, and removal of the spheres reduced the directed invasive movement. The cell cultures contained different populations of invasive cells that had distinct morphology and invasive behavior patterns. Grafts of the most invasive GBM culture contained 91±8% cells with an invasive phenotype, characterized by small soma with a distinct leading process. Conversely, the majority of cells in less invasive GBM grafts were phenotypically heterogeneous: only 6.3±4.1% of the cells had the invasive phenotype. Grafts of highly and moderately invasive cultures had different proportions of cells that advanced into the brain slice parenchyma during the observation period: 89.2±2.2% and 23.1±6.8%, respectively. In grafts with moderately invasive properties, most of the cells (76.8±6.8%) invading the surrounding brain tissue returned to the tumor bulk or stopped centrifugal migration. Our data suggest that the invasion of individual GBM tumors can be conditioned by the prevalence of a cell fraction with particular invasive morphology and by signaling between the tumor core and invasive cells. These findings can be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies that target the invasive GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Fayzullin
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Frode A Tuvnes
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, 1103 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard K Skjellegrind
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jinan Behnan
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Awais A Mughal
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Iver A Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar O Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory of Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Jensen SS, Meyer M, Petterson SA, Halle B, Rosager AM, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thomassen M, Burton M, Kruse TA, Kristensen BW. Establishment and Characterization of a Tumor Stem Cell-Based Glioblastoma Invasion Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159746. [PMID: 27454178 PMCID: PMC4959755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant brain tumor. Recurrence is inevitable and most likely connected to tumor invasion and presence of therapy resistant stem-like tumor cells. The aim was therefore to establish and characterize a three-dimensional in vivo-like in vitro model taking invasion and tumor stemness into account. Methods Glioblastoma stem cell-like containing spheroid (GSS) cultures derived from three different patients were established and characterized. The spheroids were implanted in vitro into rat brain slice cultures grown in stem cell medium and in vivo into brains of immuno-compromised mice. Invasion was followed in the slice cultures by confocal time-lapse microscopy. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared tumor cell invasion as well as expression of proliferation and stem cell markers between the models. Results We observed a pronounced invasion into brain slice cultures both by confocal time-lapse microscopy and immunohistochemistry. This invasion closely resembled the invasion in vivo. The Ki-67 proliferation indexes in spheroids implanted into brain slices were lower than in free-floating spheroids. The expression of stem cell markers varied between free-floating spheroids, spheroids implanted into brain slices and tumors in vivo. Conclusion The established invasion model kept in stem cell medium closely mimics tumor cell invasion into the brain in vivo preserving also to some extent the expression of stem cell markers. The model is feasible and robust and we suggest the model as an in vivo-like model with a great potential in glioma studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Skov Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stine Asferg Petterson
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Halle
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Chen S, Han M, Chen W, He Y, Huang B, Zhao P, Huang Q, Gao L, Qu X, Li X. KIF1B promotes glioma migration and invasion via cell surface localization of MT1-MMP. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:971-7. [PMID: 26576027 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is notorious for its aggressiveness and poor prognosis, and the invasiveness of glioma cells is the major obstacle. Accumulating evidence indicates that kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) may play key roles in tumor invasiveness, but the mechanisms remained unresolved. Our previous study demonstrated that membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) was involved in Kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B)-modulated invasion of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, the role of KIF1B in glioma cell invasion and its relationship with MT1-MMP were explored in the present study. We found that aberrantly increased expression of KIF1B was associated with worse WHO pathological classification and Karnofsky performance status (KPS), which also showed a trend towards worse prognosis. In the transwell assay, knockdown of KIF1B using siRNA repressed U87MG and A172 glioma cell migration and invasion. Silencing KIF1B inhibited expression of membranal MT1-MMP; however, the amount of MT1-MMP in the whole cell lysate was not affected. In conclusion, targeting KIF1B may be an option for anti-invasive therapies targeting glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ying He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qibing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Surgical strategy in grade II astrocytoma: a population-based analysis of survival and morbidity with a strategy of early resection as compared to watchful waiting. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:2227-35. [PMID: 24043414 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently demonstrated a survival benefit of early resection in unselected diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG). However, heterogeneity within the LGG entity warrants investigation in a homogenous subgroup. Astrocytoma represents the largest subgroup of LGG, and is characterized by diffuse growth and inferior prognosis. We aimed to study the effects of early resection compared to biopsy and watchful waiting in this subgroup. METHODS Patient data was retrospectively reviewed in two neurosurgical departments with regional referral practice. In one hospital, initial diagnostic biopsies and watchful waiting was favored, while early resections guided with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound were advocated in the other hospital. This created a natural experiment with patient management heavy influenced by residential address. In the hospitals' histopathology databases, all adult patients diagnosed with supratentorial LGG from 1998 through 2009 were screened (n = 169) and underwent blinded histopathological review. Histopathological review concluded with 117 patients with grade II astrocytomas that were included in the present study. The primary end-point was overall survival assessed by a regional comparison. RESULTS Early resections were performed in 51 (82 %) versus 12 (22 %) patients in the respective hospitals (p < 0.001). The two patient populations were otherwise similar. Median survival was 9.7 years (95 % CI 7.5-11.9) if treated in the hospital favoring early resections compared to 5.6 years (95 % CI 3.5-7.6) if treated at the hospital favoring biopsy and watchful waiting (p = 0.047). No difference in surgical-related neurological morbidity was seen (p = 0.843). CONCLUSIONS Early 3D ultrasound guided resections improve survival, apparently without increased morbidity, compared to biopsy and watchful waiting in patients with diffuse World Health Organization (WHO) grade II astrocytomas.
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12
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Rao SS, Lannutti JJ, Viapiano MS, Sarkar A, Winter JO. Toward 3D biomimetic models to understand the behavior of glioblastoma multiforme cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:314-27. [PMID: 24044776 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors are one of the most deadly forms of human cancer and despite improved treatments, median survival time for the majority of patients is a dismal 12-15 months. A hallmark of these aggressive tumors is their unique ability to diffusively infiltrate normal brain tissue. To understand this behavior and successfully target the mechanisms underlying tumor progression, it is crucial to develop robust experimental ex vivo disease models. This review discusses current two-dimensional (2D) experimental models, as well as animal-based models used to examine GBM cell migration, including their advantages and disadvantages. Recent attempts to develop three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering-inspired models and their utility in unraveling the role of microenvironment on tumor cell behaviors are also highlighted. Further, the use of 3D models to bridge the gap between 2D and animal models is explored. Finally, the broad utility of such models in the context of brain cancer research is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S Rao
- 1 William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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13
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Parker JJ, Dionne KR, Massarwa R, Klaassen M, Foreman NK, Niswander L, Canoll P, Kleinschmidt-Demasters BK, Waziri A. Gefitinib selectively inhibits tumor cell migration in EGFR-amplified human glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1048-57. [PMID: 23749785 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue invasion is a hallmark of most human cancers and remains a major source of treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Although EGFR amplification has been previously associated with more invasive tumor behavior, existing experimental models have not supported quantitative evaluation of interpatient differences in tumor cell migration or testing of patient-specific responses to therapies targeting invasion. To explore these questions, we optimized an ex vivo organotypic slice culture system allowing for labeling and tracking of tumor cells in human GBM slice cultures. METHODS With use of time-lapse confocal microscopy of retrovirally labeled tumor cells in slices, baseline differences in migration speed and efficiency were determined and correlated with EGFR amplification in a cohort of patients with GBM. Slices were treated with gefitinib to evaluate anti-invasive effects associated with targeting EGFR. RESULTS Migration analysis identified significant patient-to-patient variation at baseline. EGFR amplification was correlated with increased migration speed and efficiency compared with nonamplified tumors. Critically, gefitinib resulted in a selective and significant reduction of tumor cell migration in EGFR-amplified tumors. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first identification of patient-to-patient variation in tumor cell migration in living human tumor tissue. We found that EGFR-amplified GBM are inherently more efficient in their migration and can be effectively targeted by gefitinib treatment. These data suggest that stratified clinical trails are needed to evaluate gefitinib as an anti-invasive adjuvant for patients with EGFR-amplified GBM. In addition, these results provide proof of principle that primary slice cultures may be useful for patient-specific screening of agents designed to inhibit tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Parker
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Aaberg-Jessen C, Nørregaard A, Christensen K, Pedersen CB, Andersen C, Kristensen BW. Invasion of primary glioma- and cell line-derived spheroids implanted into corticostriatal slice cultures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:546-560. [PMID: 23573302 PMCID: PMC3606845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are highly invasive tumors and the pronounced invasive features of gliomas prevent radical surgical resection. In the search for new therapeutics targeting invasive glioma cells, in vivo-like in vitro models are of great interest. We developed and evaluated an in vivo-like in vitro model preserving the invasive features and stem cell features of glioma cells. Fluorescently labelled primary glioma spheroids and U87MG cell line-derived spheroids were implanted into organotypic rat corticostriatal slice cultures and the invasion was followed over time by confocal microscopy. The invasion was validated immunohistochemically with paraffin sections using a human-specific vimentin antibody. Moreover, the preservation of immature stem cell features was evaluated immunohistochemically using the stem cell markers CD133, Sox2, Bmi-1 and nestin. The confocal and immunohistochemical results showed that the primary glioma spheroid area was constant or decreasing after implantation, with a clear increase in the number of invading cells over time. In contrast, the U87MG spheroid area increased after implantation, with no convincing tumor cell invasion. High levels of Bmi-1 and nestin were found in all spheroids, whereas high levels of Sox2 and low to moderate levels of CD133 were only found in the primary spheroids. In conclusion, the invasion of gliomas is preserved using primary glioma spheroids. Some stem cell features are preserved as well, making this model useful in drug development elucidating both invasion and cancer stemness at the early in vitro level.
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15
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Chawla S, Krejza J, Vossough A, Zhang Y, Kapoor GS, Wang S, O'Rourke DM, Melhem ER, Poptani H. Differentiation between oligodendroglioma genotypes using dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1542-9. [PMID: 23370479 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q chromosome LOH are more sensitive to chemoradiation therapy than those with intact alleles. The usefulness of dynamic susceptibility contrast-PWI-guided ¹H-MRS in differentiating these 2 genotypes was tested in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with oligodendrogliomas, 1p/19q LOH (n = 23) and intact alleles (n = 17), underwent MR imaging and 2D-¹H-MRS. ¹H-MRS VOI was overlaid on FLAIR images to encompass the hyperintense abnormality on the largest cross-section of the neoplasm and then overlaid on CBV maps to coregister CBV maps with ¹H-MRS VOI. rCBVmax values were obtained by measuring the CBV from each of the selected ¹H-MRS voxels in the neoplasm and were normalized with respect to contralateral white matter. Metabolite ratios with respect to ipsilateral Cr were computed from the voxel corresponding to the rCBVmax value. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to ascertain the best model to discriminate the 2 genotypes of oligodendrogliomas. Qualitative evaluation of conventional MR imaging characteristics (patterns of tumor border, signal intensity, contrast enhancement, and paramagnetic susceptibility effect) was also performed to distinguish the 2 groups of oligodendrogliomas. RESULTS The incorporation of rCBVmax value and metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Glx/Cr, myo-inositol/Cr, and lipid + lactate/Cr) into the multivariate logistic regression model provided the best discriminatory classification with sensitivity (82.6%), specificity (64.7%), and accuracy (72%) in distinguishing 2 oligodendroglioma genotypes. Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q LOH were also more associated with paramagnetic susceptibility effect (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results indicate the potential of combing PWI and ¹H-MRS to distinguish oligodendroglial genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chawla
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Mikheev AM, Ramakrishna R, Stoll EA, Mikheeva SA, Beyer RP, Plotnik DA, Schwartz JL, Rockhill JK, Silber JR, Born DE, Kosai Y, Horner PJ, Rostomily RC. Increased age of transformed mouse neural progenitor/stem cells recapitulates age-dependent clinical features of human glioma malignancy. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1027-35. [PMID: 22958206 PMCID: PMC3504614 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is the most robust predictor of greater malignancy and treatment resistance in human gliomas. However, the adverse association of clinical course with aging is rarely considered in animal glioma models, impeding delineation of the relative importance of organismal versus progenitor cell aging in the genesis of glioma malignancy. To address this limitation, we implanted transformed neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), the presumed cells of glioma origin, from 3- and 18-month-old mice into 3- and 20-month host animals. Transplantation with progenitors from older animals resulted in significantly shorter (P ≤ 0.0001) median survival in both 3-month (37.5 vs. 83 days) and 20-month (38 vs. 67 days) hosts, indicating that age-dependent changes intrinsic to NSPCs rather than host animal age accounted for greater malignancy. Subsequent analyses revealed that increased invasiveness, genomic instability, resistance to therapeutic agents, and tolerance to hypoxic stress accompanied aging in transformed NSPCs. Greater tolerance to hypoxia in older progenitor cells, as evidenced by elevated HIF-1 promoter reporter activity and hypoxia response gene (HRG) expression, mirrors the upregulation of HRGs in cohorts of older vs. younger glioma patients revealed by analysis of gene expression databases, suggesting that differential response to hypoxic stress may underlie age-dependent differences in invasion, genomic instability, and treatment resistance. Our study provides strong evidence that progenitor cell aging is responsible for promoting the hallmarks of age-dependent glioma malignancy and that consideration of progenitor aging will facilitate development of physiologically and clinically relevant animal models of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei M. Mikheev
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Rohan Ramakrishna
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Elizabeth A. Stoll
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Svetlana A. Mikheeva
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Richard P. Beyer
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health
| | - David A. Plotnik
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Jeffrey L. Schwartz
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Jason K. Rockhill
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - John R. Silber
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
| | - Donald E. Born
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology
| | - Yoshito Kosai
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Philip J. Horner
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
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Gallego-Perez D, Higuita-Castro N, Denning L, DeJesus J, Dahl K, Sarkar A, Hansford DJ. Microfabricated mimics of in vivo structural cues for the study of guided tumor cell migration. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4424-32. [PMID: 22936003 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Guided cell migration plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis, which is considered to be the major cause of death in cancer patients. Such behavior is regulated in part by micro/nanoscale topographical cues present in the parenchyma or stroma in the form of fiber-like and/or conduit-like structures (e.g., white matter tracts, blood/lymphatic vessels, subpial and subperitoneal spaces). In this paper we used soft lithography micromolding to develop a tissue culture polystyrene platform with a microscale surface pattern that was able to induce guided cell motility along/through fiber-/conduit-like structures. The migratory behaviors of primary (glioma) and metastatic (lung and colon) tumors excised from the brain were monitored via time-lapse microscopy at the single cell level. All the tumor cells exhibited axially persistent cell migration, with percentages of unidirectionally motile cells of 84.0 ± 3.5%, 58.3 ± 6.8% and 69.4 ± 5.4% for the glioma, lung, and colon tumor cells, respectively. Lung tumor cells showed the highest migratory velocities (41.8 ± 4.6 μm h(-1)) compared to glioma (24.0 ± 1.8 μm h(-1)) and colon (26.7 ± 2.8 μm h(-1)) tumor cells. This platform could potentially be used in conjunction with other biological assays to probe the mechanisms underlying the metastatic phenotype under guided cell migration conditions, and possibly by itself as an indicator of the effectiveness of treatments that target specific tumor cell motility behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 270 Bevis Hall, 1080 Carmack Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Hu B, Nandhu MS, Sim H, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Saldivar JC, Dolan CE, Mora ME, Nuovo GJ, Cole SE, Viapiano MS. Fibulin-3 promotes glioma growth and resistance through a novel paracrine regulation of Notch signaling. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3873-85. [PMID: 22665268 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly invasive and chemoresistant brain tumors with extremely poor prognosis. Targeting of the soluble factors that trigger invasion and resistance, therefore, could have a significant impact against the infiltrative glioma cells that are a major source of recurrence. Fibulin-3 is a matrix protein that is absent in normal brain but upregulated in gliomas and promotes tumor invasion by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that fibulin-3 is a novel soluble activator of Notch signaling that antagonizes DLL3, an autocrine inhibitor or Notch, and promotes tumor cell survival and invasion in a Notch-dependent manner. Using a strategy for inducible knockdown, we found that controlled downregulation of fibulin-3 reduced Notch signaling and led to increased apoptosis, reduced self-renewal of glioblastoma-initiating cells, and impaired growth and dispersion of intracranial tumors. In addition, fibulin-3 expression correlated with expression levels of Notch-dependent genes and was a marker of Notch activation in patient-derived glioma samples. These findings underscore a major role for the tumor extracellular matrix in regulating glioma invasion and resistance to apoptosis via activation of the key Notch pathway. More importantly, this work describes a noncanonical, soluble activator of Notch in a cancer model and shows how Notch signaling can be reduced by targeting tumor-specific accessible molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Glioma cell migration on three-dimensional nanofiber scaffolds is regulated by substrate topography and abolished by inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:831-40. [PMID: 21969816 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of malignant gliomas is their ability to disperse through neural tissue, leading to long-term failure of all known therapies. Identifying new antimigratory targets could reduce glioma recurrence and improve therapeutic efficacy, but screens based on conventional migration assays are hampered by the limited ability of these assays to reproduce native cell motility. Here, we have analyzed the motility, gene expression, and sensitivity to migration inhibitors of glioma cells cultured on scaffolds formed by submicron-sized fibers (nanofibers) mimicking the neural topography. Glioma cells cultured on aligned nanofiber scaffolds reproduced the elongated morphology of cells migrating in white matter tissue and were highly sensitive to myosin II inhibition but only moderately affected by stress fiber disruption. In contrast, the same cells displayed a flat morphology and opposite sensitivity to myosin II and actin inhibition when cultured on conventional tissue culture polystyrene. Gene expression analysis indicated a correlation between migration on aligned nanofibers and increased STAT3 signaling, a known driver of glioma progression. Accordingly, cell migration out of glioblastoma-derived neurospheres and tumor explants was reduced by STAT3 inhibitors at subtoxic concentrations. Remarkably, these inhibitors were ineffective when tested at the same concentrations in a conventional two-dimensional migration assay. We conclude that migration of glioma cells is regulated by topographical cues that affect cell adhesion and gene expression. Cell migration analysis using nanofiber scaffolds could be used to reproduce native mechanisms of migration and to identify antimigratory strategies not disclosed by other in vitro models.
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Nørregaard A, Jensen SS, Kolenda J, Aaberg-Jessen C, Christensen KG, Jensen PH, Schrøder HD, Kristensen BW. Effects of Chemotherapeutics on Organotypic Corticostriatal Slice Cultures Identified by A Panel of Fluorescent and Immunohistochemical Markers. Neurotox Res 2011; 22:43-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Khayal IS, Vandenberg SR, Smith KJ, Cloyd CP, Chang SM, Cha S, Nelson SJ, McKnight TR. MRI apparent diffusion coefficient reflects histopathologic subtype, axonal disruption, and tumor fraction in diffuse-type grade II gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:1192-201. [PMID: 21865401 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determined from MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has shown promise for distinguishing World Health Organization grade II astrocytoma (AS) from the more prognostically favorable grade II oligodendroglioma (OD). Since mixed oligoastrocytomas (OAs) with codeletions in chromosomes 1p and 19q confer prognoses similar to those of OD, we questioned whether a previously determined ADC-based criterion for distinguishing OD and AS would hold on an independent set of gliomas that included OA with codeleted or intact 1p/19q chromosomes. We also questioned whether the ADC is associated with the tumor microstructure. ADC colormaps generated from presurgical DTI scans were used to guide the collection of biopsies from each tumor. The median normalized ADC distinguished OD from AS with 91% sensitivity and 92% specificity. 1p/19q codeleted OAs were always classified as ODs, while 1p/19q intact OAs were always classified as ASs. There were positive associations between the ADC and both the SMI-31 score of axonal disruption and the fraction of tumor cells in the biopsies. The ADC of OD and 1p/19q codeleted OA was more associated with tumor fraction, while the ADC of AS and 1p/19q intact OA was more associated with SMI-31 score. We conclude that our previously determined threshold median ADC can distinguish grade II OD and AS on a new patient cohort and that the distinctions extend to OA with codeleted and intact 1p/19q chromosomes. Further, the ADC in grade II gliomas is associated with the fraction of tumor cells and degree of axonal disruption in tumor subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas S Khayal
- UCSF/UCB Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Badoual M, Deroulers C, Aubert M, Grammaticos B. Modelling intercellular communication and its effects on tumour invasion. Phys Biol 2010; 7:046013. [PMID: 21178241 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/7/4/046013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present a model aiming at the description of intercellular communication on the invasive character of gliomas. We start from a previous model of ours based on a cellular automaton and develop a new version of it in a three-dimensional geometry. Introducing the hydrodynamic limit of the automaton we obtain a macroscopic model involving a nonlinear diffusion equation. We show that this macroscopic model is quite adequate for the description of realistic situations. Comparison of the simulations with experimental results shows agreement with the finding that the inhibition of intercellular communication (through gap junctions) tends to decrease migration. As an application of our model we estimated the possible increase in life expectancy, due to reduced cell migration mediated by the inhibition of intercellular communication, on patients suffering from gliomas. We find that the obtained increase may amount to a 20% gain in the case of unresectable tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Badoual
- IMNC, Université Paris VII-Paris XI, CNRS, UMR 8165, Bât. 440, 91406 Orsay, France.
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23
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Ramakrishna R, Barber J, Kennedy G, Rizvi A, Goodkin R, Winn RH, Ojemann GA, Berger MS, Spence AM, Rostomily RC. Imaging features of invasion and preoperative and postoperative tumor burden in previously untreated glioblastoma: Correlation with survival. Surg Neurol Int 2010; 1. [PMID: 20847921 PMCID: PMC2940100 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.68337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A paucity of data exists concerning the prognostic usefulness of preoperative and postoperative imaging after resection of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study aimed to connect outcome with imaging features of GBM. METHODS Retrospective computer-assisted volumetric calculations quantified central necrotic (T0), gadolinium-enhanced (T1) and increased T2-weighted signal volumes (T2) in 70 patients with untreated GBM. Clinical and treatment data, including extent of resection (EOR), were obtained through chart review. T1 volume was used as a measure of solid tumor burden; and T2 volume, as an indicator of invasive isolated tumor cell (ITC) burden. Indicators of invasiveness included T2:T1 ratios as a propensity for ITC infiltration compared to solid tumor volumes and qualitative analysis of subependymal growth and infiltration of the basal ganglia, corpus callosum or brainstem. Cox multivariate analysis (CMVA) was used to identify significant associations between imaging features and survival. RESULTS In the 70 patients studied, significant associations with reduced survival existed for gadolinium-enhancing tumor crossing the corpus callosum (odds ratio, 3.14) and with increased survival with gross total resection (GTR) (GTR median survival, 62 weeks versus 37 and 34 weeks for sub-total resection and biopsy, respectively). For a selected "GTR-eligible" subgroup of 52 patients, prolonged survival was associated with smaller preoperative gadolinium-enhancing volume (T1) and actual GTR. CONCLUSION Some magnetic resonance (MR) imaging indicators of tumor invasiveness (gadolinium-enhancing tumor crossing the corpus callosum) and tumor burden (GTR and preoperative T1 volume in GTR-eligible subgroup) correlate with survival. However, ITC-infiltrative tumor burden (T2 volume) and "propensity" for ITC invasiveness (T2:T1 ratio) did not impact survival. These results indicate that while the ITC component is the ultimate barrier to cure for GBM, the pattern of spread and volumes of gadolinium-enhancing solid tumor are more robust indicators of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ramakrishna
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, US
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24
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Johnson J, Nowicki MO, Lee CH, Chiocca EA, Viapiano MS, Lawler SE, Lannutti JJ. Quantitative analysis of complex glioma cell migration on electrospun polycaprolactone using time-lapse microscopy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 15:531-40. [PMID: 19199562 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common tumors originating within the central nervous system and account for over 15,000 deaths annually in the United States. The median survival for glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive of these tumors, is only 14 months. Therapeutic strategies targeting glioma cells migrating away from the tumor core are currently hampered by the difficulty of reproducing migration in the neural parenchyma in vitro. We utilized a tissue engineering approach to develop a physiologically relevant model of glioma cell migration. This revealed that glioma cells display dramatic differences in migration when challenged by random versus aligned electrospun poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanofibers. Cells on aligned fibers migrated at an effective velocity of 4.2 +/- 0.39 microm/h compared to 0.8 +/- 0.08 microm/h on random fibers, closely matching in vivo models and prior observations of glioma spread in white versus gray matter. Cells on random fibers exhibited extension along multiple fiber axes that prevented net motion; aligned fibers promoted a fusiform morphology better suited to infiltration. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that the motion of individual cells was complex and was influenced by cell cycle and local topography. Glioma stem cell-containing neurospheres seeded on random fibers did not show cell detachment and retained their original shape; on aligned fibers, cells detached and migrated in the fiber direction over a distance sixfold greater than the perpendicular direction. This chemically and physically flexible model allows time-lapse analysis of glioma cell migration while recapitulating in vivo cell morphology, potentially allowing identification of physiological mediators and pharmacological inhibitors of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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25
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Aubert M, Badoual M, Grammaticos B. A model for short- and long-range interactions of migrating tumour cell. Acta Biotheor 2008; 56:297-314. [PMID: 18843538 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-008-9061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We examine the consequences of long-range effects on tumour cell migration. Our starting point are previous results of ours where we have shown that the migration patterns of glioma cells are best interpreted if one assumes attractive interactions between cells. Here we complement the cellular automaton model previously introduced by the assumption of the existence of a chemorepellent produced by the main bulk of large spheroids (in the hypoxic/necrotic areas). Visible effects due to the presence of such a substance can be found in the density profiles of cells migrating out of a single spheroid as well as in the angular distribution of cells coming from two close-lying spheroids. These effects depend crucially on the diffusion speed of the chemorepellent. A comparison of the simulation results to experimental data of Werbowetski et al. allows to draw (tentative) conclusions on the existence of a chemorepellent and its properties.
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26
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Jenkinson MD, Smith TS, Brodbelt AR, Joyce KA, Warnke PC, Walker C. Apparent diffusion coefficients in oligodendroglial tumors characterized by genotype. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 26:1405-12. [PMID: 17968881 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether oligodendroglial tumors with or without 1p/19q loss differ in their diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics. Oligodendroglial tumors with or without 1p/19q loss differ in their therapeutic responsiveness and prognosis, and recent reports also suggest that these tumors may differ in their magnetic resonance characteristics and blood volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were assessed in three grade II oligodendrogliomas, nine grade II and five grade III oligoastrocytomas with known 1p/19q status. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on ADC maps: 1) around tumor margins to generate pixel histograms; 2) over minimum and maximum tumor ADC; 3) on areas comparable to the highest choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) ratio determined from chemical shift imaging (CSI); and 4) across tumor margins to measure the ADC transition coefficient (ATC). RESULTS Tumor ADC was significantly different from normal brain (P < 0.001). ADC in regions of highest Cho/Cr was greater than minimum ADC and did not correlate with the Cho/Cr ratio. ADC and ATC were not significantly different between oligodendroglial subtypes or grades. Tumors with intact 1p/19q had higher maximum (P = 0.021) and histogram ADC (P = 0.015), and greater ATC (P = 0.001) compared to those with 1p/19q loss, which may reflect differences in edema and cellularity. CONCLUSION This preliminary study identified differences in ADC and ATC between oligodendroglial tumor genotypes that may reflect underlying biology. Confirmation in a larger series is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Demuth T, Rennert JL, Hoelzinger DB, Reavie LB, Nakada M, Beaudry C, Nakada S, Anderson EM, Henrichs AN, McDonough WS, Holz D, Joy A, Lin R, Pan KH, Lih CJ, Cohen SN, Berens ME. Glioma cells on the run - the migratory transcriptome of 10 human glioma cell lines. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:54. [PMID: 18230158 PMCID: PMC2275271 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor and despite recent advances in treatment regimens, prognosis for affected patients remains poor. Active cell migration and invasion of GBM cells ultimately lead to ubiquitous tumor recurrence and patient death. To further understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the ability of glioma cells to migrate, we compared the matched transcriptional profiles of migratory and stationary populations of human glioma cells. Using a monolayer radial migration assay, motile and stationary cell populations from seven human long term glioma cell lines and three primary GBM cultures were isolated and prepared for expression analysis. Results Gene expression signatures of stationary and migratory populations across all cell lines were identified using a pattern recognition approach that integrates a priori knowledge with expression data. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two discriminating patterns between migrating and stationary glioma cells: i) global down-regulation and ii) global up-regulation profiles that were used in a proband-based rule function implemented in GABRIEL to find subsets of genes having similar expression patterns. Genes with up-regulation pattern in migrating glioma cells were found to be overexpressed in 75% of human GBM biopsy specimens compared to normal brain. A 22 gene signature capable of classifying glioma cultures based on their migration rate was developed. Fidelity of this discovery algorithm was assessed by validation of the invasion candidate gene, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). siRNA mediated knockdown yielded reduced in vitro migration and ex vivo invasion; immunohistochemistry on glioma invasion tissue microarray confirmed up-regulation of CTGF in invasive glioma cells. Conclusion Gene expression profiling of migratory glioma cells induced to disperse in vitro affords discovery of genomic signatures; selected candidates were validated clinically at the transcriptional and translational levels as well as through functional assays thereby underscoring the fidelity of the discovery algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Demuth
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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28
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Harpold HLP, Alvord EC, Swanson KR. The evolution of mathematical modeling of glioma proliferation and invasion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007; 66:1-9. [PMID: 17204931 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31802d9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are well known for their potential for aggressive proliferation as well as their diffuse invasion of the normal-appearing parenchyma peripheral to the bulk lesion. This review presents a history of the use of mathematical modeling in the study of the proliferative-invasive growth of gliomas, illustrating the progress made in understanding the in vivo dynamics of invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. Mathematical modeling is based on a sequence of observation, speculation, development of hypotheses to be tested, and comparisons between theory and reality. These mathematical investigations, iteratively compared with experimental and clinical work, demonstrate the essential relationship between experimental and theoretical approaches. Together, these efforts have extended our knowledge and insight into in vivo brain tumor growth dynamics that should enhance current diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana L P Harpold
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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Aubert M, Badoual M, Féreol S, Christov C, Grammaticos B. A cellular automaton model for the migration of glioma cells. Phys Biol 2006; 3:93-100. [PMID: 16829695 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/3/2/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of in vitro cell migration in two dimensions as a first step towards understanding the mechanisms governing the motility of glioma cells. Our study is based on a cellular automaton model which aims at reproducing the kinetics of a lump of glioma cells deposited on a substrate of collagen. The dynamical effects of cell attraction and motion inertia are introduced through adequate automaton rules. We compare the density profiles given by the model to those obtained experimentally. The result of the best fit indicates a substantial cell-cell attraction due to cell-cell communication through gap junctions (or chemotaxis) and negligible inertia effects during migration. Tracking of individual migrating cells indicates highly convoluted cell trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aubert
- GMPIB, Université Paris VII, case 7021, 75251 Paris, France
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30
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Elias MC, Tozer KR, Silber JR, Mikheeva S, Deng M, Morrison RS, Manning TC, Silbergeld DL, Glackin CA, Reh TA, Rostomily RC. TWIST is expressed in human gliomas and promotes invasion. Neoplasia 2006; 7:824-37. [PMID: 16229805 PMCID: PMC1501937 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TWIST, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that regulates mesodermal development, has been shown to promote tumor cell metastasis and to enhance survival in response to cytotoxic stress. Our analysis of rat C6 glioma cell-derived cDNA revealed TWIST expression, suggesting that the gene may play a role in the genesis and physiology of primary brain tumors. To further delineate a possible oncogenic role for TWIST in the central nervous system (CNS), we analyzed TWIST expression in human gliomas and normal brain by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. TWIST expression was detected in the large majority of human glioma-derived cell lines and human gliomas examined. Levels of TWIST mRNA were associated with the highest grade gliomas, and increased TWIST expression accompanied transition from low grade to high grade in vivo, suggesting a role for TWIST in promoting malignant progression. In accord, elevated TWIST mRNA abundance preceded the spontaneous malignant transformation of cultured mouse astrocytes hemizygous for p53. Overexpression of TWIST protein in a human glioma cell line significantly enhanced tumor cell invasion, a hallmark of high-grade gliomas. These findings support roles for TWIST both in early glial tumorigenesis and subsequent malignant progression. TWIST was also expressed in embryonic and fetal human brain, and in neurons, but not glia, of mature brain, indicating that, in gliomas, TWIST may promote the functions also critical for CNS development or normal neuronal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Elias
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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31
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Oliveira R, Christov C, Guillamo JS, de Boüard S, Palfi S, Venance L, Tardy M, Peschanski M. Contribution of gap junctional communication between tumor cells and astroglia to the invasion of the brain parenchyma by human glioblastomas. BMC Cell Biol 2005; 6:7. [PMID: 15715906 PMCID: PMC553963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are "intraparenchymally metastatic" tumors, invading the brain in a non-destructive way that suggests cooperation between glioma cells and their environment. Recent studies using an engineered rodent C6 tumor cell line have pointed to mechanisms of invasion that involved gap junctional communication (GJC), with connexin 43 as a substrate. We explored whether this concept may have clinical relevance by analyzing the participation of GJC in human glioblastoma invasion. Results Three complementary in vitro assays were used: (i) seeding on collagen IV, to analyze homocellular interactions between tumor cells (ii) co-cultures with astrocytes, to study glioblastoma/astrocytes relationships and (iii) implantation into organotypic brain slice cultures, that mimic the three-dimensional parenchymal environment. Carbenoxolone, a potent blocker of GJC, inhibited cell migration in the two latter models. It paradoxically increased it in the first one. These results showed that homocellular interaction between tumor cells supports intercellular adhesion, whereas heterocellular glioblastoma/astrocytes interactions through functional GJC conversely support tumor cell migration. As demonstrated for the rodent cell line, connexin 43 may be responsible for this heterocellular functional coupling. Its levels of expression, high in astrocytes, correlated positively with invasiveness in biopsied tumors. Conclusions our results underscore the potential clinical relevance of the concept put forward by other authors based on experiments with a rodent cell line, that glioblastoma cells use astrocytes as a substrate for their migration by subverting communication through connexin 43-dependent gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Oliveira
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Christo Christov
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Jean Sébastien Guillamo
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Sophie de Boüard
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Laurent Venance
- INSERM U 114, NeuroBiologie, Collège de France, Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005 Paris cedex France
| | - Marcienne Tardy
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
| | - Marc Peschanski
- INSERM/UPVM 421, Plasticité cellulaire et thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 94010 Créteil cedex France
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