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Heuts BMH, Arza-Apalategi S, Alkema SG, Tijchon E, Jussen L, Bergevoet SM, van der Reijden BA, Martens JHA. Inducible MLL-AF9 Expression Drives an AML Program during Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081195. [PMID: 37190104 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A t(9;11)(p22;q23) translocation produces the MLL-AF9 fusion protein, which is found in up to 25% of de novo AML cases in children. Despite major advances, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of context-dependent MLL-AF9-mediated gene programs during early hematopoiesis is challenging. Here, we generated a human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model with a doxycycline dose-dependent MLL-AF9 expression. We exploited MLL-AF9 expression as an oncogenic hit to uncover epigenetic and transcriptomic effects on iPSC-derived hematopoietic development and the transformation into (pre-)leukemic states. In doing so, we observed a disruption in early myelomonocytic development. Accordingly, we identified gene profiles that were consistent with primary MLL-AF9 AML and uncovered high-confidence MLL-AF9-associated core genes that are faithfully represented in primary MLL-AF9 AML, including known and presently unknown factors. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identified an increase of CD34 expressing early hematopoietic progenitor-like cell states as well as granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-like cells upon MLL-AF9 activation. Our system allows for careful chemically controlled and stepwise in vitro hiPSC-derived differentiation under serum-free and feeder-free conditions. For a disease that currently lacks effective precision medicine, our system provides a novel entry-point into exploring potential novel targets for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branco M H Heuts
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saioa Arza-Apalategi
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sinne G Alkema
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Tijchon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Jussen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Bergevoet
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A van der Reijden
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Hematology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Jung E, Ou S, Ahn SS, Yeo H, Lee YH, Shin SY. The JNK-EGR1 signaling axis promotes TNF-α-induced endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via VEGFR2 expression. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:356-368. [PMID: 36371601 PMCID: PMC9950069 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into endothelial cells; however, the mechanisms underlying this process in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain elusive. This study shows that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a key cytokine present in the TME, promotes the endothelial differentiation of MSCs by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression. EGR1 is a member of the zinc-finger transcription factor family induced by TNF-α. Our findings indicate that EGR1 directly binds to the VEGFR2 promoter and transactivates VEGFR2 expression. We also demonstrate that EGR1 forms a complex with c-JUN activated by c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) to promote VEGFR2 transcription and endothelial differentiation in MSCs in response to TNF-α stimulation. The shRNA-mediated silencing of EGR1 or c-JUN abrogates TNF-α-induced VEGFR2 transcription and the endothelial differentiation of MSCs. To further evaluated the role of EGR1 in the endothelial differentiation of BM-MSCs, we used a syngenic tumor implantation model. 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c mice with primary mBM-MSCs isolated from wild-type (Egr1+/+) or Egr1-null (Egr1-/-) mice. CD31-positive cells were predominantly observed at the border of the tumor in the 4T1 plus wild-type MSC group, while staining less in the 4T1 alone or 4T1 plus Egr1-null MSC group. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the JNK-EGR1 signaling axis plays a crucial role in the TNF-α-induced endothelial differentiation of MSCs in the TME, which could be a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukjin Ou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Shin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifescience, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Luo X, Zou W, Wei Z, Yu S, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang A, Lu Y. Inducing vascular normalization: A promising strategy for immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109167. [PMID: 36037653 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors, the vasculature is highly abnormal in structure and function, resulting in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by limiting immune cells infiltration into tumors. Vascular normalization is receiving much attention as an alternative strategy to anti-angiogenic therapy, and its potential therapeutic targets include signaling pathways, angiogenesis-related genes, and metabolic pathways. Endothelial cells play an important role in the formation of blood vessel structure and function, and their metabolic processes drive blood vessel sprouting in parallel with the control of genetic signals in cancer. The feedback loop between vascular normalization and immunotherapy has been discussed extensively in many reviews. In this review, we summarize the impact of aberrant tumor vascular structure and function on drug delivery, metastasis, and anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, we present evidences for the mutual regulation of immune vasculature. Based on the importance of endothelial metabolism in controlling angiogenesis, we elucidate the crosstalk between endothelial cells and immune cells from the perspective of metabolic pathways and propose that targeting abnormal endothelial metabolism to achieve vascular normalization can be an alternative strategy for cancer treatment, which provides a new theoretical basis for future research on the combination of vascular normalization and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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4
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Scheib N, Tiemann J, Becker C, Probst HC, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. The Dendritic Cell Dilemma in the Skin: Between Tolerance and Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929000. [PMID: 35837386 PMCID: PMC9275407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are uniquely capable of initiating and directing immune responses. The range of their activities grounds in the heterogeneity of DC subsets and their functional plasticity. Numerical and functional DC changes influence the development and progression of disease, and correction of such dysregulations has the potential to treat disease causally. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage formation, differentiation, and function in the skin. We describe the alteration of DC in disease as well as possibilities for therapeutic reprogramming with a focus on tolerogenic DC. Because regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable partners of DC in the induction and control of tolerance, we pay special attention to the interactions with these cells. Above all, we would like to arouse fascination for this cell type and its therapeutic potential in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Scheib
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Tiemann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Katharina Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Katharina Raker,
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
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5
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Giugliano F, Valenza C, Tarantino P, Curigliano G. Immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer: How can pathologic responses to experimental drugs in early-stage disease be enhanced? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:855-874. [PMID: 35762248 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2095260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The treatment landscape of early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has recently expanded after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of pembrolizumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The addition of this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has shown to significantly increased pathological complete response (pCR) rate and event free survival (EFS) in the KEYNOTE-522 phase 3 trial. Several additional studies are ongoing with the goal of further improving outcomes and achieving an optimal integration of ICIs in the treatment of TNBC. AREAS COVERED : The article examines pCR and survival rates in TNBC. It appraises clinical trials investigating neoadjuvant ICIs for TNBC and the improvement of pCR rates (biomarker-driven escalation of treatment, optimization of chemotherapy backbone and addition of locoregional treatments or innovative agents). Insights on the role of pCR as surrogate endpoint and the possibility of enhancing pCR rates for women affected by early TNBC are offered. EXPERT OPINION : The pharmacopoeia of early TNBC is growing and becoming more heterogeneous with the advent of ICIs; to enhance the clinical benefit of patients, it is necessary to develop response endpoints that consider the mechanism of action of experimental drugs, to optimize patient selection through validated biomarkers, and to compare the most promising treatment strategies in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giugliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tarantino
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Asghari A, Nourmohammadi H, Majidiani H, Shariatzadeh SA, Anvari D, Shamsinia S, Ghasemi E, Shams M, Basati G. Promising effects of parasite-derived compounds on tumor regression: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32383-32396. [PMID: 35146610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The parasites are repeatedly confronting their host to take advantage of nutrients for multiplication and survival. In this sense, a wide spectrum of molecules is released from both sides, with immune-regulatory activity, accompanying this biological battle. Such parasites and their valuable molecules can be directed toward microbial-based cancer therapy. Herein, we contrived a systematic review to gather information on the antitumor activity of parasite-derived compounds. Following systematic search in Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and Embase until 31 December 2019, a total number of 51 articles (54 datasets) were finally included in this review. Thirteen parasitic agents were found to possess possible antitumor activity, comprising protozoan species Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trichomonas vaginalis, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Besnoitia jellisoni, Leishmania major, Plasmodium yoelii, and Plasmodium lophurae, as well as parasitic helminths Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia crassiceps, Trichinella spiralis, and Schistosoma mansoni. Most experiments were done based on antigenic preparations from T. gondii (16 studies), E. granulosus (10 studies), T. spiralis (8 studies), and T. cruzi (6 studies). Possible antitumor properties of the selected parasites were revealed in this review. However, precise molecular basis of anticancer activity for each parasite remains to be elucidated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Nourmohammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shamsinia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezatollah Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Morteza Shams
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Gholam Basati
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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7
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Wilczyński JR, Nowak M. Cancer Immunoediting: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Immune Escape in Solid Tumors. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:1-57. [PMID: 35165859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emphasizing the dynamic processes between cancer and host immune system, the initially discovered concept of cancer immunosurveillance has been replaced by the current concept of cancer immunoediting consisting of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Solid tumors composed of both cancer and host stromal cells are an example how the three phases of cancer immunoediting functionally evolve and how tumor shaped by the host immune system gets finally resistant phenotype. The elimination, equilibrium, and escape have been described in this chapter in details, including the role of immune surveillance, cancer dormancy, disruption of the antigen-presenting machinery, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, resistance to apoptosis, as well as the function of tumor stroma, microvesicles, exosomes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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8
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Costa AC, Santos JMO, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Impact of immune cells on the hallmarks of cancer: A literature review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103541. [PMID: 34801696 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are critical players in the tumor microenvironment, modulating cancer cell functions. TIICs are highly heterogenic and plastic and may either suppress cancers or provide support for tumor growth. A wide range of studies have shed light on how tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells and lymphocytes contribute for the establishment of several hallmarks of cancer and became the basis for successful immunotherapies. Many of those TIICs play pivotal roles in several hallmarks of cancer. This review contributes to elucidate the multifaceted roles of immune cells in cancer development, highlighting molecular components that constitute promising therapeutic targets. Additional studies are needed to clarify the relation between TIICs and hallmarks such as enabling replicative immortality, evading growth suppressors, sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death and genome instability and mutation, to further explore their therapeutic potential and improve the outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana M O Santos
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), and UFMA University Hospital (HUUFMA), 65080-805, São Luís, Brazil.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal; Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Pinto Á, Reig O, Iglesias C, Gallardo E, García-Del Muro X, Alonso T, Anguera G, Suárez C, Muñoz-Langa J, Villalobos-León L, Rodríguez-Sánchez Á, Lainez N, Martínez-Ortega E, Campayo M, Velastegui A, Rodriguez-Vida A, Villa-Guzmán JC, Méndez-Vidal MJ, Rubio G, García I, Capdevila L, Lambea J, Vázquez S, Fernández O, Hernando-Polo S, Cerezo S, Santander C, García-Marrero R, Zambrana F, González-Del Alba A, Lazaro-Quintela M, Castellano D, Chirivella I, Anido U, Viana A, García A, Sotelo M, Arévalo MG, García-Donas J, Hernández C, Bolós MV, Llinares J, Climent MA. Clinical Factors Associated With Long-Term Benefit in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Axitinib: Real-World AXILONG Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 20:25-34. [PMID: 34789409 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axitinib monotherapy obtained approval in pre-treated mRCC patients and recently in combination with pembrolizumab or avelumab in the first-line setting. However, patient profiles that may obtain increased benefit from this drug and its combinations still need to be identified. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective multicentre analysis describing clinical characteristics associated with axitinib long-responder (LR) population by comparing two extreme-response sub-groups (progression-free survival [PFS] ≥9 months vs. disease progression/refractory patients [RP]). A multivariate logistic-regression model was used to analyse clinical factors. Efficacy and safety were also analysed. RESULTS In total, 157 patients who received axitinib in second or subsequent line were evaluated (91 LR and 66 RP). Older age at start of axitinib and haemoglobin levels > LLN were independent predictive factors for LR in multivariate analyses. In LR patients, median (m) PFS was 18.1 months, median overall survival was 36.0 months and objective response rate (ORR) was 45.5%. In 59 LR patients receiving axitinib in second-line, mPFS was 18.7 months, mOS was 44.8 months and ORR was 43.9%. mOS was significantly longer in second line compared to subsequent lines (44.8 vs. 26.5 months; P = .009). In LR vs. RP, mPFS with sunitinib in first-line was correlated with mPFS with axitinib in second-line (27.2 vs. 10.9 months P < .001). The safety profile was manageable and consistent with known data. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the long-term benefits of axitinib in a selected population, helping clinicians to select the best sequential approach and patients who could obtain a greater benefit from axitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pinto
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oscar Reig
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Iglesias
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí de Sabadell, Parc Taulí, 1, 08208 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia Hospitalet, IDIBELL Institute of Researh, University of Barcelona, 1, Avinguda de la Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, M-607, km. 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Anguera
- Medical Oncology Department, Nou Hospital De La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suárez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall de Hebrón, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz-Langa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Villalobos-León
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá, s/n, 28805 Meco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de León, Calle Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Nuria Lainez
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle de Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Ortega
- Medical Oncology Department , Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain
| | - Marc Campayo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario MútuaTerrassa, Plaza del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velastegui
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Gladiolo, s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejo Rodriguez-Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Villa-Guzmán
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real General, Calle Obispo Rafael Torija, s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria J Méndez-Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avenida Menendez Pidal, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gustavo Rubio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iciar García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Av. de Barber, 30, 45004 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laia Capdevila
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital San Pablo y Santa Tecla, Rambla Vella, 14, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lambea
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Avda, Calle de San Juan Bosco, 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Rúa Dr. Ulises Romero, 1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ovidio Fernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Calle Ramon Puga Noguerol, 54, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Susana Hernando-Polo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Calle Budapest, 1, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Cerezo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Av. Constitución, 3, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Santander
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Marrero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Carretera Ofra S/N, 38320 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco Zambrana
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Paseo de Europa, 34, 28703 San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu González-Del Alba
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Martin Lazaro-Quintela
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Estrada de Clara Campoamor, 341, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Chirivella
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Urbano Anido
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa da Choupana, s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Viana
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Carretera de Madrid Km. 114, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Toledo, Spain
| | - Arancha García
- TFS Trial Form Support S.L., Passeig de Gràcia, 11, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sotelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Av. 9 de Junio, 2, 28981 Parla, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Garrido Arévalo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Av. de Orellana, s/n, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Donas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clara Campal, Calle de Oña, 10, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Julia Llinares
- Pfizer S.L.U. Avenida de Europa, 20, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Climent
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano De Oncología, Carrer del Professor Beltrán Báguena, 8, 46009 Valencia, Spain
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10
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Han Z, Dong Y, Lu J, Yang F, Zheng Y, Yang H. Role of hypoxia in inhibiting dendritic cells by VEGF signaling in tumor microenvironments: mechanism and application. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3777-3793. [PMID: 34522449 PMCID: PMC8414384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in tumor initiation, development, immune escape, and clinical treatment. Hypoxia, an important characteristic of the TME, mediates vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) signaling through direct or indirect mechanisms. Directly, hypoxia promotes the expression of VEGF through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) induction. Indirectly, VEGF inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function by binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and co-receptors expressed on cell membranes. Additionally, HIF can bypass VEGF/VEGFR and activate downstream signaling factors to promote tumor development. Currently, DC vaccine, anti-HIF and anti-VEGF therapies are widely used in clinical treatment, but their long-term effects remain limited. Therefore, a further understanding of the effects of hypoxia and VEGF signaling on DCs will help in the development of innovative combination therapies and the identification of new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Han
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo. 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Wang-Fu-Jing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yucheng Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo. 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Wang-Fu-Jing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jizhou Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Gansu ProvinceNo. 763, Duanjiatan, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityFengtai District, Youanmen West Headline 10, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo. 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Wang-Fu-Jing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNo. 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Wang-Fu-Jing, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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Klarquist JS, Janssen EM. Melanoma-infiltrating dendritic cells: Limitations and opportunities of mouse models. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1584-1593. [PMID: 23264904 PMCID: PMC3525613 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma lesions by dendritic cells (DCs) has been suggested to play a tumorigenic role due to the capacity of DCs to induce tumor tolerance and promote angiogenesis as well as metastasis. However, it has also been shown that tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) induce antitumor responses and hence may be targeted in cost-effective therapeutic approaches to obtain patient-specific DCs that present relevant tumor antigens, without the need for ex vivo DC expansion or tumor antigen identification. Unfortunately, little is known about the composition, nature and function of TIDCs found in human melanoma. The development of mouse melanoma models has greatly contributed to the molecular understanding of melanoma immunology in mice, but many questions on TIDCs remain unanswered. Here, we discuss current knowledge about melanoma TIDCs in various mouse models with regard to their translational potential and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared S Klarquist
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH USA
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12
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Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Psyrri A. Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3377. [PMID: 33203092 PMCID: PMC7696050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses cellular and non-cellular components which play an important role in tumor evolution, invasion, and metastasis. A complicated interplay between tumor cells and adjacent TME cells, such as stromal cells, immune cells, inflammatory cells, and cytokines, leads to severe immunosuppression and the proliferation of cancer cells in several solid tumors. An immunosuppressive TME has a significant impact on treatment resistance and may guide response to immunotherapy. In head and neck cancer (HNC), immunotherapeutic drugs have been incorporated in everyday clinical practice. However, despite an exceptional rate of durable responses, only a low percentage of patients respond. In this review, we will focus on the complex interactions occurring in this dynamic system, the TME, which orchestrate key events that lead to tumor progression, immune escape, and resistance. Furthermore, we will summarize current clinical trials that depict the TME as a potential therapeutic target for improved patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (P.E.); (I.K.)
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13
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Ayala-Domínguez L, Olmedo-Nieva L, Muñoz-Bello JO, Contreras-Paredes A, Manzo-Merino J, Martínez-Ramírez I, Lizano M. Mechanisms of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:998. [PMID: 31612116 PMCID: PMC6776917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors carry out the formation of new vessels providing blood supply for growth, tumor maintenance, and metastasis. Several processes take place during tumor vascularization. In angiogenesis, new vessels are derived from endothelial cells of pre-existing vessels; while in vasculogenesis, new vessels are formed de novo from endothelial progenitor cells, creating an abnormal, immature, and disorganized vascular network. Moreover, highly aggressive tumor cells form structures similar to vessels, providing a pathway for perfusion; this process is named vasculogenic mimicry (VM), where vessel-like channels mimic the function of vessels and transport plasma and blood cells. VM is developed by numerous types of aggressive tumors, including ovarian carcinoma which is the second most common cause of death among gynecological cancers. VM has been associated with poor patient outcome and survival in ovarian cancer, although the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. Several signaling molecules have an important role in VM in ovarian cancer, by regulating the expression of genes related to vascular, embryogenic, and hypoxic signaling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the signaling molecules involved in the promotion and regulation of VM in ovarian cancer. The clinical implications and the potential benefit of identification and targeting of VM related molecules for ovarian cancer treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lízbeth Ayala-Domínguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Olmedo-Nieva
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Omar Muñoz-Bello
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Imelda Martínez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Ciruelos E, Pérez-García JM, Gavilá J, Rodríguez A, de la Haba-Rodriguez J. Maintenance Therapy in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A New Approach for an Old Concept. Clin Drug Investig 2019; 39:595-606. [PMID: 31054086 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the role of maintenance therapy with chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or bevacizumab-based combination therapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer. The optimization of maintenance therapy in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer must be based on disease profile (tumor subtype and endocrine-sensitive status), the prior use of bevacizumab-containing regimens, and the number of prognostic risk factors. Chemotherapy should be used in patients with triple-negative breast cancer and endocrine-resistant hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, whereas endocrine therapy is the preferred option for patients with endocrine-sensitive hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. After first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy, bevacizumab may be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, and endocrine therapy or capecitabine may be added. The goals of maintenance therapy in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer are to improve and maintain clinical response, increase time to progression, extend overall survival, relieve tumor-related symptoms, and delay the use of aggressive therapies, without compromising quality of life. Maintenance therapy, using chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and combined therapy with bevacizumab, is a reasonable strategy to achieve these goals in patients with either triple-negative breast cancer or hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Ongoing clinical studies of new molecular-targeted therapies may provide additional pharmacological options for future maintenance strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ciruelos
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-García
- IOB Institute of Oncology, Quiron University Hospital, Plaza Alfonso Comin 5-7, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Juan de la Haba-Rodriguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología, CIBERONC-ISCIII, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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15
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Buechel M, Herzog TJ, Westin SN, Coleman RL, Monk BJ, Moore KN. Treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer for whom platinum is still an option. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:721-732. [PMID: 30887020 PMCID: PMC8887593 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer remains the most deadly gynecologic cancer with the majority of patients relapsing within 3 years of diagnosis. Traditional treatment paradigms linked to platinum sensitivity or resistance are currently being questioned in the setting of new diagnostic methods and treatment options. DESIGN Authors carried out review of the literature on key topics in treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) when platinum is still an option; including secondary surgical cytoreduction, chemotherapy, novel treatment options, and maintenance therapy. A treatment algorithm is proposed. RESULTS Molecular characterization of EOC is critical to help guide treatment decisions. The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery is currently being evaluated with results from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 213 and anticipated results from DESKTOP III clinical trials. Chemotherapy backbone has remained relatively unchanged but utilizing non-platinum-based regimens is under investigation. In addition, maintenance therapy with anti-angiogenic therapy and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has emerged as the standard of care. Novel combinations, including immunotherapy and anti-angiogenesis agents, may further change the current landscape. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of recurrent EOC is rapidly changing. Clinical trial design will need to continue to evolve as many novel therapies move to the upfront setting. Ultimately, the treatment of patients with recurrent EOC must incorporate individual patient and tumor factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buechel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
| | - T J Herzog
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati
| | - S N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - R L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - B J Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Arizona Oncology, Phoenix, USA
| | - K N Moore
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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16
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Moore KN, Pignata S. Trials in progress: IMagyn050/GOG 3015/ENGOT-OV39. A Phase III, multicenter, randomized study of atezolizumab versus placebo administered in combination with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab to patients with newly-diagnosed stage III or stage IV ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:ijgc-2018-000071. [PMID: 30630885 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting pre-clinical and clinical evidence that combinations of immunotherapy, specifically programed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibition, with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis agents, such as bevacizumab, result in markedly improved outcomes across a variety of tumor types including endometrial cancer, renal cell cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. IMagyn050/GOG 3015/ENGOT-OV39 is the first, randomized, phase III trial to evaluate the potential impact of this combination on both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients presenting with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab versus placebo in combination with paclitaxel + carboplatin + bevacizumab for front-line treatment of ovarian cancer among all patients and those with PD-L1+ tumors. STUDY HYPOTHESIS This study will test the hypothesis that treatment with atezolizumab added to paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab will prolong progression-free survival and overall survival compared with treatment with placebo plus paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab. TRIAL DESIGN This is a randomized, phase III, placebo-controlled study. MAJOR INCLUSION/EXCLUSION CRITERIA Eligible patients have a histologic diagnosis of advanced epithelial ovarain cancer, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer who either have residual disease after primary surgery or who are undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with planned interval surgery. Ineligible patients include those who are cured with surgery alone or those for whom no gross residual disease remained following primary cytoreduction. PRIMARY ENDPOINT There are two co-primary efficacy endpoints: investigator-assessed progression-free survival and overall survival. SAMPLE SIZE 1300 patients. ESTIMATED DATES FOR COMPLETING ACCRUAL AND PRESENTING RESULTS April 2020. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03038100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sandro Pignata
- IRCCS National Cancer Institute "Fondazione G. Pascale" Naples, Napoli, Italy
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17
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Levinson K, Dorigo O, Rubin K, Moore K. Immunotherapy in Gynecologic Cancers: What We Know Now and Where We Are Headed. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:e126-e140. [PMID: 31099679 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_237967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy, mainly in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has been transformative in both solid tumor and hematologic malignancies. Patients with previously terminal illnesses have experienced profound responses of great durability with these agents, fueling excitement among patients and providers regarding their use. Unfortunately, the gains seen in some solid tumors have not been replicated in a large percentage of patients with gynecologic cancer. This review focuses on the clinical benefits seen to date, toxicities and management when using ICIs, ways to improve prediction of who should receive immunotherapy, and a discussion of next-generation immunotherapy with cellular therapeutics and how these might relate to gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Levinson
- 1 The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Kathleen Moore
- 4 Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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18
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Presta M, Foglio E, Churruca Schuind A, Ronca R. Long Pentraxin-3 Modulates the Angiogenic Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2327. [PMID: 30349543 PMCID: PMC6187966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing ones, plays a key role in various physiological and pathological conditions. Alteration of the angiogenic balance, consequent to the deranged production of angiogenic growth factors and/or natural angiogenic inhibitors, is responsible for angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) represents the prototypic member of the FGF family, able to induce a complex “angiogenic phenotype” in endothelial cells in vitro and a potent neovascular response in vivo as the consequence of a tight cross talk between pro-inflammatory and angiogenic signals. The soluble pattern recognition receptor long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a member of the pentraxin family produced locally in response to inflammatory stimuli. Besides binding features related to its role in innate immunity, PTX3 interacts with FGF2 and other members of the FGF family via its N-terminal extension, thus inhibiting FGF-mediated angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, PTX3 inhibits the growth and vascularization of FGF-dependent tumors and FGF2-mediated smooth muscle cell proliferation and artery restenosis. Recently, the characterization of the molecular bases of FGF2/PTX3 interaction has allowed the identification of NSC12, the first low molecular weight pan-FGF trap able to inhibit FGF-dependent tumor growth and neovascularization. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of PTX3 and PTX3-derived molecules on the angiogenic, inflammatory, and tumorigenic activity of FGF2 and their potential implications for the development of more efficacious anti-FGF therapeutic agents to be used in those clinical settings in which FGFs play a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ander Churruca Schuind
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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19
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Wang J, Yang L, Liang F, Chen Y, Yang G. Integrin alpha x stimulates cancer angiogenesis through PI3K/Akt signaling-mediated VEGFR2/VEGF-A overexpression in blood vessel endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:1807-1818. [PMID: 30873824 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha x (ITGAX), a member of the integrin family, usually serves as a receptor of the extracellular matrix. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that ITGAX may be involved in angiogenesis in dendritic cells. Herein, we report a direct role of ITGAX in angiogenesis during tumor development. Overexpression of ITGAX in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tube formation and promoted xenograft ovarian tumor angiogenesis and growth. Further study showed that overexpression of ITGAX activated the PI3k/Akt pathway, leading to the enhanced expression of c-Myc, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), whereas, the treatment of cells with PI3K inhibitor diminished these effects. Besides, c-Myc was observed to bind to the VEGF-A promoter. By Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, we manifested the interaction between ITGAX and VEGFR2 or the phosphorylated VEGFR2. Immunostaining of human ovarian cancer specimens suggested that endothelial cells of micro-blood vessels displayed strong expression of VEGF-A, c-Myc, VEGFR2, and the PI3K signaling molecules. Also, overexpression of ITGAX in HUVECs could stimulate the spheroid formation of ovarian cancer cells. Our study uncovered that ITGAX stimulates angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt signaling-mediated VEGFR2/VEGF-A overexpression during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Dendritic cells in inflammatory angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:180-186. [PMID: 29879585 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) expansion during inflammation is essential to establish immune responses and relies on the development of blood and lymph vessels. Human dendritic cells (DCs), subdivided into two main subsets, namely conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), are professional antigen presenting cells endowed with the capability to produce soluble mediators regulating inflammation and tissue repair. cDCs support angiogenesis in secondary LNs both directly and indirectly through the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C and the production of several other mediators endowed with angiogenic properties. Finally, cDCs can affect neovascular formation via a transdifferentiation process. At variance with cDCs, the angiogenic properties of pDCs still remain poorly explored.
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21
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A New Opportunity in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071169. [PMID: 27447625 PMCID: PMC4964540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death for gynecological cancer. The standard treatment for advanced stage is the combination of optimal debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, recurrence is frequent (around 70%) and prognosis is globally poor. New therapeutic agents are needed to improve survival. Since EOC is strongly immunogenic, immune checkpoint inhibitors are under evaluation for their capacity to contrast the “turn off” signals expressed by the tumor to escape the immune system and usually responsible for self-tolerance maintenance. This article reviews the literature on anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-PD-L2 antibodies in EOC and highlights their possible lines of development. Further studies are needed to better define the prognostic role of the immune checkpoint inhibitors, to identify predictors of response and the optimal clinical setting in EOC.
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Abstract
In the last 15 years, it has become apparent that ovarian cancer is recognized by the immune system, taking into account that T cell infiltration can be associated with increased overall survival. Several studies indicate that a correct combination of cluster of differentiation 8 and cluster of differentiation 4 T cells is key to fight tumor progression and that the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrating ovarian solid tumors (or present in ascites) is deleterious. Several markers that characterize Tregs include glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). Research has shown that Tregs can infiltrate cancerous tissue and contribute to tumor growth by secreting immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta and interleukin (IL)-10. Importantly, these cells might hamper the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches, thus strategies involving depletion or regulation of this population have been proposed and tested in experimental models. In this Minireview, we will discuss the relevance of Tregs in ovarian cancer and the experimental approaches destined to impair their immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manindra Singh
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Program , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
| | - Tiffany Loftus
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
| | - Erin Webb
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
| | - Fabian Benencia
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Program , Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens , OH , USA
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Flamini V, Jiang WG, Lane J, Cui YX. Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:177-89. [PMID: 26917455 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer conveys profound social and economic consequences throughout the world. Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality and, when it occurs, cancer becomes almost incurable. During metastatic dissemination, cancer cells pass through a series of complex steps including the establishment of tumour-associated angiogenesis. The human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are a cell population derived from the bone marrow which are required for endothelial tubulogenesis and neovascularization. They also express abundant inflammatory cytokines and paracrine angiogenic factors. Clinically hEPCs are highly correlated with relapse, disease progression, metastasis and treatment response in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It has become evident that the hEPCs are involved in the angiogenesis-required progression and metastasis of tumours. However, it is not clear in what way the signalling pathways, controlling the normal cellular function of human BM-derived EPCs, are hijacked by aggressive tumour cells to facilitate tumour metastasis. In addition, the actual roles of hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis-mediated metastasis are not well characterised. In this paper we reviewed the clinical relevance of the hEPCs with cancer diagnosis, progression and prognosis. We further summarised the effects of tumour microenvironment on the hEPCs and underlying mechanisms. We also hypothesized the roles of altered hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. We hope this review may enhance our understanding of the interaction between hEPCs and tumour cells thus aiding the development of cellular-targeted anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Yu-Xin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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Mitamura T, Gourley C, Sood AK. Prediction of anti-angiogenesis escape. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 141:80-5. [PMID: 26748214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of anti-angiogenesis therapy in the treatment of gynecologic cancer. However, these benefits have often been in terms of progression-free rather than overall survival and in some cases, the magnitude of benefit demonstrated in the pivotal phase 3 trials has been disappointing when compared with the percentage of patients who responded in earlier phase 2 trials. Two potential explanations for this are the current inability to stratify patients according to chance of benefit and the development of resistance mechanisms within the tumor. In this article, we review the prediction of response and the proposed resistance and escape mechanisms involved in anti-angiogenesis therapy, including the up-regulation of alternative proangiogenic pathways, vascular co-option, and resistance to hypoxia. These insights may offer a personalized strategy for anti-angiogenesis therapy and help us to consider the best selection of other therapies that should be combined with anti-angiogenesis therapy to improve the outcome of patients with gynecologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC IGMM, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman Pressler, Unit 1362, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gulubova M, Ivanova K, Ananiev J, Gerenova J, Zdraveski A, Stoyanov H, Vlaykova T. VEGF expression, microvessel density and dendritic cell decrease in thyroid cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:508-517. [PMID: 26019537 PMCID: PMC4433839 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the five most common cancers in the age between 20 and 50 years. Many factors including the potent angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and different dendritic cell types are known to be related to thyroid tumourogenesis. The study was performed to address the expression of VEGF and microvessel density in thyroid cancers and to evaluate the effect of VEGF expression in thyroid tumour cells on the dendritic cells. We investigated 65 patients with different types of thyroid carcinomas: papillary (PTC), oncocytic (OTC), follicular (FTC) and anaplastic (ATC), immunohistochemically with antibodies against VEGF, CD1a, CD83, S100 and CD31. Our results suggest that the expression of VEGF is significantly more often in PTC than ATC (92.3% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.025). The microvessel density marked with CD31 in the tumour border of PTC was significantly higher as compared to FTC (p = 0.039), but not to ATC and OTC (p = 0.337 and 0.134). We found that CD1a- and CD83-positive cells were dispersed with variable density and in OC CD31+ vessel numbers were positively correlated with CD83+ dendritic cells in tumour stroma (R = 0.847, p = 0.016). We did not find statistically significant associations of the survival of patients with PTC after the surgical therapy with VEGF expression and MVD. In conclusion we may state that VEGF expression in tumour cells of thyroid cancer can induce neovascularization and suppress dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Gulubova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Koni Ivanova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Julian Ananiev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Julieta Gerenova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Zdraveski
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Stoyanov
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
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Xia L, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Song X, Sun M, Hu Y, Liu S, Wang K, Qu X, Wei F. Interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mediates the upregulation of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 in RAW264.7 cells-a process in which p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:344-51. [PMID: 25132397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) antagonizes angiogenesis by inhibiting the biological function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) express high levels of sVEGFR1 during development and are antiangiogenic. This study aimed to investigate the changes in VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, and VEGF levels during the development of imDCs and explore the underlying signaling mechanisms. METHODS To model the differentiation of imDCs from monocytes, RAW264.7 cells, a murine monocyte/macrophage cell line, were stimulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4; 10 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 40 ng/mL) and/or by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 10 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 50 ng/mL) and/or pretreated by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. The levels of VEGFR1, sVEGFR1, and VEGF were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS IL-4 increased the VEGFR1 mRNA and sVEGFR1 levels in RAW264.7 (p < 0.05). This increase was inhibited by SB203580. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor increased the sVEGFR1 levels, but it had no significant effect on VEGFR1 mRNA levels. SB203580 decreased the expression of VEGFR1 mRNA induced by GM-CSF, whereas sVEGFR1 was unaffected. IL-4 had a greater effect on sVEGFR1 levels, compared to GM-CSF. CONCLUSION IL-4 and GM-CSF increased sVEGFR1 levels, but did not significantly effect VEGF expression, and led to the antiangiogenesis properties of monocytes. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling has an important role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Shuguang Branch of Shanghai Baoshan Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics in Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ketao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xun Qu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics in Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fengcai Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Bruno A, Pagani A, Pulze L, Albini A, Dallaglio K, Noonan DM, Mortara L. Orchestration of angiogenesis by immune cells. Front Oncol 2014; 4:131. [PMID: 25072019 PMCID: PMC4078768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment (TUMIC) plays a major role in cancer and is indispensable for tumor progression. The TUMIC involves many "players" going well beyond the malignant-transformed cells, including stromal, immune, and endothelial cells (ECs). The non-malignant cells can acquire tumor-promoting functions during carcinogenesis. In particular, these cells can "orchestrate" the "symphony" of the angiogenic switch, permitting the creation of new blood vessels that allows rapid expansion and progression toward malignancy. Considerable attention within the context of tumor angiogenesis should focus not only on the ECs, representing a fundamental unit, but also on immune cells and on the inflammatory tumor infiltrate. Immune cells infiltrating tumors typically show a tumor-induced polarization associated with attenuation of anti-tumor functions and generation of pro-tumor activities, among these angiogenesis. Here, we propose a scenario suggesting that the angiogenic switch is an immune switch arising from the pro-angiogenic polarization of immune cells. This view links immunity, inflammation, and angiogenesis to tumor progression. Here, we review the data in the literature and seek to identify the "conductors" of this "orchestra." We also suggest that interrupting the immune → inflammation → angiogenesis → tumor progression process can delay or prevent tumor insurgence and malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Pagani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Katiuscia Dallaglio
- Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova , Reggio Emilia , Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy ; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
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Cohen-Fredarow A, Tadmor A, Raz T, Meterani N, Addadi Y, Nevo N, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Mor G, Neeman M, Dekel N. Ovarian dendritic cells act as a double-edged pro-ovulatory and anti-inflammatory sword. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1039-54. [PMID: 24825398 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovulation and inflammation share common attributes, including immune cell invasion into the ovary. The present study aims at deciphering the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Using a CD11c-EYFP transgenic mouse model, ovarian transplantation experiments, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, we demonstrate that CD11c-positive, F4/80-negative cells, representing DCs, are recruited to the ovary under gonadotropin regulation. By conditional ablation of these cells in CD11c-DTR transgenic mice, we revealed that they are essential for expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex, release of the ovum from the ovarian follicle, formation of a functional corpus luteum, and enhanced lymphangiogenesis. These experiments were complemented by allogeneic DC transplantation after conditional ablation of CD11c-positive cells that rescued ovulation. The pro-ovulatory effects of these cells were mediated by up-regulation of ovulation-essential genes. Interestingly, we detected a remarkable anti-inflammatory capacity of ovarian DCs, which seemingly serves to restrict the ovulatory-associated inflammation. In addition to discovering the role of DCs in ovulation, this study implies the extended capabilities of these cells, beyond their classic immunologic role, which is relevant also to other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Cohen-Fredarow
- Department of Biological Regulation (A.C.-F., A.T., N.M., Y.A., N.N., I.So., I.Sa., M.N., N.D.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (T.R.), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; B-nano Ltd (Y.A.), Rehovot 76326, Israel; and Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science (G.M.), Reproductive Immunology Unit, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Benencia F, Muccioli M, Alnaeeli M. Perspectives on reprograming cancer-associated dendritic cells for anti-tumor therapies. Front Oncol 2014; 4:72. [PMID: 24778991 PMCID: PMC3984996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relevance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of cancer has gained considerable attention. It has been shown that the TME is capable of inactivating various components of the immune system responsible for tumor clearance, thus favoring cancer cell growth and tumor metastasis. In particular, effects of the TME on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs) include rendering these cells unable to promote specific immune responses or transform them into suppressive cells capable of inducing regulatory T cells. In addition, under the influence of the TME, DCs can produce growth factors that induce neovascularization, therefore further contributing to tumor development. Interestingly, cancer-associated DCs harbor tumor antigens and thus have the potential to become anti-tumor vaccines in situ if properly reactivated. This perspective article provides an overview of the scientific background and experimental basis for reprograming cancer-associated DCs in situ to generate anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Benencia
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA ; Diabetes Institute, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA ; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA
| | - Maria Muccioli
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA
| | - Mawadda Alnaeeli
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA ; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University , Athens, OH , USA
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Pencovich N, Luk J, Hantisteanu S, Hornstein MD, Fainaru O. The development of endometriosis in a murine model is dependent on the presence of dendritic cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:515-21. [PMID: 24581985 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition associated with pelvic pain and infertility. This study group has previously shown that supplementation of dendritic cells led to enhancement of endometriosis lesion growth and angiogenesis. This study determined whether endometriosis is dependent on the presence of endogenous dendritic cells. Surgical induction of endometriosis was performed in CD11c⁺ DTR/GFP transgenic (Tg) female mice in which dendritic cells were ablated upon injection of diphtheria toxin (DT). Mice were allocated into four groups (n=5 each): group I, wild-type mice treated with vehicle; group II, wild-type mice treated with DT; group III, Tg mice treated with DT; and group IV, Tg mice treated with vehicle. After 10 days, mice were killed and endometriosis lesions were analysed by flow cytometry. DT treatment led to ablation of dendritic cells in spleens and endometriosis lesions in Tg mice while no ablation was observed in controls. Corresponding to dendritic cell ablation, endometriosis lesions in group III were ∼5-fold smaller than in the control groups (ANOVA P<0.0001). This study suggests that endometriosis development is dependent on the presence of endogenous dendritic cells. Therapies designed to inhibit dendritic cell infiltration as possible treatments for endometriosis warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Pencovich
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Janelle Luk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, both at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shay Hantisteanu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 169, Hadera 38100, Israel
| | - Mark D Hornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, both at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 169, Hadera 38100, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 169, Hadera 38100, Israel.
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31
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Fainaru O, Paz G, Hantisteanu S, Hallak M. Myeloid cell alterations in the mouse placenta precede the onset of labor and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 210:73.e1-7. [PMID: 24055577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immature myeloid cells (IMCs) are bone marrow-derived cells that normally differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) but expand in pathological conditions such as malignancy. DCs are antigen-presenting cells that regulate the immune response. Both IMCs and DCs were shown to take part in angiogenesis; however, little is known of their function in the placenta. We sought to determine whether alterations in DC and IMC populations in the placenta precede the onset of delivery. STUDY DESIGN Experiments were performed on 6-8 week old C57Bl/6 female mice. Placentas from pregnant mice that were killed on designated days, immunostained using fluorescently labeled anti-CD11b, Gr-1, CD11c, major histocompatibility II (MHCII), and CD45, and analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Throughout the latter part of pregnancy toward labor and delivery, the CD45(+)CD11b(+)Gr1(+)-IMC population decreased 29 ± 9.1% (day 12) and 30 ± 9.9% (day 15), vs 21 ± 8.1% (day18, n = 21, 15, and 27; P = .006 and P = .004, respectively), whereas the CD45(+)CD11c(+)MHCII(+)-DC population increased 0.87 ± 0.3% (day 12) and 0.70 ± 0.3% (day 15) vs 1.81 ± 1.3% (day 18, n = 21, 15, and 27, P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). Both myeloid cell populations were localized adjacent to CD31(+) endothelial cells in sites of placental angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Labor and delivery are preceded by proangiogenic-myeloid cell alterations, reflected by a decrease in IMCs and an increase in DCs populating the mouse placenta. The intriguing possibility that delivery is preceded by the maturation of IMCs in part into DCs warrants further studies.
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Fox BA, Sanders KL, Chen S, Bzik DJ. Targeting tumors with nonreplicating Toxoplasma gondii uracil auxotroph vaccines. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:431-7. [PMID: 23928100 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that has evolved to actively control its invaded host cells. Toxoplasma triggers then actively regulates host innate interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses that elicit T cell control of infection. A live, nonreplicating avirulent uracil auxotroph vaccine strain (cps) of Toxoplasma triggers novel innate immune responses that stimulate amplified CD8(+) T cell responses and life-long immunity in vaccinated mice. Here, we review recent reports showing that intratumoral treatment with cps activated immune-mediated regression of established solid tumors in mice. We speculate that a better understanding of host-parasite interaction at the molecular level and applying improved genetic models based on Δku80 Toxoplasma strains will stimulate development of highly effective immunotherapeutic cancer vaccine strategies using engineered uracil auxotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Kerkhoff N, Bontkes HJ, Westers TM, de Gruijl TD, Kordasti S, van de Loosdrecht AA. Dendritic cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: from pathogenesis to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:621-37. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias. Different processes are involved in its pathogenesis, such as (epi)genetic alterations and immunological dysfunctions. The nature of immune dysregulation is markedly different between various MDS risk groups. In low-risk MDS, the immune system is in a proinflammatory state, whereas in high-risk disease, immunosuppressive features facilitate expansion of the dysplastic clone and can eventually lead to disease progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Various cell types contribute to dysregulation of immune responses in MDS. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important regulators of immunity. However, the role of DCs in MDS has yet to be elucidated. It has been suggested that impaired DC function can hamper adequate immune responses. This review focuses on the involvement of DCs in immune dysregulation in low- and high-risk MDS and the implications for DC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kerkhoff
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Department of Pathology, Unit Medical Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theresia M Westers
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital London, Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Baird JR, Fox BA, Sanders KL, Lizotte PH, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Scarlett UK, Rutkowski MR, Conejo-Garcia JR, Fiering S, Bzik DJ. Avirulent Toxoplasma gondii generates therapeutic antitumor immunity by reversing immunosuppression in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3842-51. [PMID: 23704211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reversing tumor-associated immunosuppression seems necessary to stimulate effective therapeutic immunity against lethal epithelial tumors. Here, we show this goal can be addressed using cps, an avirulent, nonreplicating uracil auxotroph strain of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which preferentially invades immunosuppressive CD11c(+) antigen-presenting cells in the ovarian carcinoma microenvironment. Tumor-associated CD11c(+) cells invaded by cps were converted to immunostimulatory phenotypes, which expressed increased levels of the T-cell receptor costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. In response to cps treatment of the immunosuppressive ovarian tumor environment, CD11c(+) cells regained the ability to efficiently cross-present antigen and prime CD8(+) T-cell responses. Correspondingly, cps treatment markedly increased tumor antigen-specific responses by CD8(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that these antitumor T-cell responses were effective in suppressing solid tumor development. Indeed, intraperitoneal cps treatment triggered rejection of established ID8-VegfA tumors, an aggressive xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma, also conferring a survival benefit in a related aggressive model (ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A). The therapeutic benefit of cps treatment relied on expression of IL-12, but it was unexpectedly independent of MyD88 signaling as well as immune experience with T. gondii. Taken together, our results establish that cps preferentially invades tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells and restores their ability to trigger potent antitumor CD8(+) T-cell responses. Immunochemotherapeutic applications of cps might be broadly useful to reawaken natural immunity in the highly immunosuppressive microenvironment of most solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Baird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Strioga M, Schijns V, Powell DJ, Pasukoniene V, Dobrovolskiene N, Michalek J. Dendritic cells and their role in tumor immunosurveillance. Innate Immun 2012; 19:98-111. [PMID: 22732734 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912449549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that play a key role in initiating, directing and regulating adaptive immune responses, including those critically involved in tumor immunosurveillance. As a riposte to the central role of DCs in the generation of antitumor immune responses, tumors have developed various mechanisms which impair the immunostimulatory functions of DCs or even instruct them to actively contribute to tumor growth and progression. In the first part of this review we discuss general aspects of DC biology, including their origin, subtypes, immature and mature states, and functional plasticity which ensures a delicate balance between active immune response and immune tolerance. In the second part of the review we discuss the complex interactions between DCs and the tumor microenvironment, and point out the challenges faced by DCs during the recognition of tumor Ags. We also discuss the role of DCs in tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Strioga
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the power and specificity of the immune system to treat tumours. The molecular identification of human cancer-specific antigens has allowed the development of antigen-specific immunotherapy. In one approach, autologous antigen-specific T cells are expanded ex vivo and then re-infused into patients. Another approach is through vaccination; that is, the provision of an antigen together with an adjuvant to elicit therapeutic T cells in vivo. Owing to their properties, dendritic cells (DCs) are often called 'nature's adjuvants' and thus have become the natural agents for antigen delivery. After four decades of research, it is now clear that DCs are at the centre of the immune system owing to their ability to control both immune tolerance and immunity. Thus, DCs are an essential target in efforts to generate therapeutic immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75204, USA.
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37
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Dendritic cells the tumor microenvironment and the challenges for an effective antitumor vaccination. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:425476. [PMID: 22505809 PMCID: PMC3312387 DOI: 10.1155/2012/425476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many clinical trials have been carried out or are in progress to assess the therapeutic potential of dendritic-cell- (DC-) based vaccines on cancer patients, and recently the first DC-based vaccine for human cancer was approved by the FDA. Herewith, we describe the general characteristics of DCs and different strategies to generate effective antitumor DC vaccines. In recent years, the relevance of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of cancer has been highlighted. It has been shown that the tumor microenvironment is capable of inactivating various components of the immune system responsible for tumor clearance. In particular, the effect of the tumor microenvironment on antigen-presenting cells, such as DCs, does not only render these immune cells unable to induce specific immune responses, but also turns them into promoters of tumor growth. We also describe strategies likely to increase the efficacy of DC vaccines by reprogramming the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment.
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Muccioli M, Sprague L, Nandigam H, Pate M, Benencia F. Toll-like receptors as novel therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:642141. [PMID: 22530148 PMCID: PMC3317035 DOI: 10.5402/2012/642141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is an aggressive disease that affects approximately 1 in 70 women and has a poor prognosis (<50%, 5-year survival rate), in part because it is often diagnosed at a late stage. There are three main types of OC: neoplasms of surface epithelial, germ cell, or stromal origin, with surface epithelial tumors comprising about 80% of all OCs. In addition to improving diagnostics, it is necessary to develop more effective treatments for epithelial-origin OC. Here, we describe the paradoxical roles of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the progression of cancer and discuss how its modulation may result in decreased tumor growth and metastasis via the attenuation of proangiogenic cytokines and potentiation of proapoptotic factors. In particular, it has been found that TLR activity can behave like a “double-edged sword”, as its signaling pathways have been implicated as having both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects. With particular emphasis on OC, we discuss the need to consider the signaling details of TLRs and associated proteins in the multiple cell types present in the tumor milieu to achieve safe and effective design of TLR-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Muccioli
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Osterbur J, Sprague L, Muccioli M, Pate M, Mansfield K, McGinty J, Li Y, Li Y, Shirure V, Courreges MC, Benencia F. Adhesion to substrates induces dendritic cell endothelization and decreases immunological response. Immunobiology 2012; 218:64-75. [PMID: 22551928 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells capable of inducing specific immune responses against microbial infections, transplant antigens, or tumors. DCs have been shown to possess a high plasticity showing different phenotypes in response to their microenvironment. For example, tumor-associated DCs can acquire an angiogenic phenotype thus promoting tumor growth. Further, DCs cultured in vitro under different conditions are able to upregulate the expression of endothelial markers and to express angiogenic factors. Indeed, it has been shown that soluble factors such as VEGF of PGE-2, that are present in the microenvironment of several tumors, affect the biology of these cells. We hypothesize that in addition to soluble factors the adhesion to different substrates will also define the phenotype and function of DCs. Herewith we demonstrate that murine myeloid(m) DCs upregulate endothelial markers such as VE-Cadherin, and to a lesser extent TIE-2, and decrease their immune capabilities when cultured on solid surfaces as compared with the same cells cultured on ultra-low binding (ULB) surfaces. On the other hand, the expression of angiogenic molecules at the level of RNA was not different among these cultures. In order to further investigate this phenomenon we used the murine ID8 model of ovarian cancer which can generate solid tumors when cancer cells are injected subcutaneously or a malignant ascites when they are injected intraperitoneally. This model gave us the unique opportunity to investigate DCs in suspension or attached to solid surfaces under the influence of the same tumor cells. We were able to determine that DCs present in solid tumors showed higher levels of expression of endothelial markers and angiogenic molecules but were not able to respond to inflammatory stimuli at the same extent as DCs recovered from ascites. Moreover, mDCs cultured on ULB surfaces in the presence of tumor factors do not expressed endothelial markers. Taking into account all these data we consider that tumor factors might be responsible for inducing angiogenic properties in DCs, but that in some settings the expression of endothelial markers such as VE-Cadherin and TIE-2 might be a function of attachment to solid surfaces and independent of the angiogenic properties of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Osterbur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Sung HJ, Han JI, Lee JW, Uhm KB, Heo K. TCCR/WSX-1 is a novel angiogenic factor in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 2012; 18:234-40. [PMID: 22312192 PMCID: PMC3272058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of blindness among persons aged 60 years and older. The current approved therapies for AMD are exclusively limited to inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. However, substantial improvement in vision occurs in only one-third of patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists, and one-sixth of treated patients still progress to legal blindness. Therefore, more specific targets are needed to treat AMD. Our goal was to find secretory proteins that change in number in the aqueous humor and that cause exudative AMD disease. METHODS The number of molecules changed in the aqueous humor of patients with AMD compared to the control group was determined using antibody array analysis. The levels of angiopoietin-2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 7 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of T-cell cytokine receptor (TCCR/WSX-1) were determined using western blot. Potential TCCR/WSX-1-mediated effects on tube formation as well as phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were determined. RESULTS We found that the numbers of several molecules were changed in the aqueous humor of patients with AMD compared to the control group. Among them, angiopoietin-2 was reduced by 20% and TCCR/WSX-1 was increased twofold. Moreover, exogenous TCCR protein induced tube formation and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that TCCR/WSX-1 is closely associated with angiogenesis and could serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Sung
- Functional Genomics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea,Department of Life Science, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Il Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Retina Center, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Konyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Functional Genomics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bang Uhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Functional Genomics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Sprague L, Muccioli M, Pate M, Meles E, McGinty J, Nandigam H, Venkatesh AK, Gu MY, Mansfield K, Rutowski A, Omosebi O, Courreges MC, Benencia F. The interplay between surfaces and soluble factors define the immunologic and angiogenic properties of myeloid dendritic cells. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:35. [PMID: 21645356 PMCID: PMC3124423 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells capable of inducing specific immune responses against microbial infections, transplant antigens, or tumors. Interestingly, microenvironment conditions such as those present in tumor settings might induce a DC phenotype that is poorly immunogenic and with the capability of promoting angiogenesis. We hypothesize that this plasticity may be caused not only by the action of specific cytokines or growth factors but also by the properties of the surfaces with which they interact, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components. RESULTS Herewith we studied the effect of different surfaces and soluble factors on the biology of DCs. To accomplish this, we cultured murine myeloid(m) DCs on surfaces coated with fibronectin, collagen I, gelatin, and Matrigel using poly-D-lysine and polystyrene as non-biological surfaces. Further, we cultured these cells in the presence of regular DC medium (RPMI 10% FBS) or commercially available endothelial medium (EGM-2). We determined that mDCs could be kept in culture up to 3 weeks in these conditions, but only in the presence of GM-CSF. We were able to determine that long-term DC cultures produce an array of angiogenic factors, and that some of these cultures still retain the capability to induce T cell responses. CONCLUSIONS Altogether these data indicate that in order to design DC-based vaccines or treatments focused on changing the phenotype of DCs associated with diseases such as cancer or atherosclerosis, it becomes necessary to fully investigate the microenvironment in which these cells are present or will be delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslee Sprague
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, USA
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Marcos-Campos I, Asín L, Torres TE, Marquina C, Tres A, Ibarra MR, Goya GF. Cell death induced by the application of alternating magnetic fields to nanoparticle-loaded dendritic cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:205101. [PMID: 21444956 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/20/205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the capability of primary, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to uptake iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is assessed and a strategy to induce selective cell death in these MNP-loaded DCs using external alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) is reported. No significant decrease in the cell viability of MNP-loaded DCs, compared to the control samples, was observed after five days of culture. The number of MNPs incorporated into the cytoplasm was measured by magnetometry, which confirmed that 1-5 pg of the particles were uploaded per cell. The intracellular distribution of these MNPs, assessed by transmission electron microscopy, was found to be primarily inside the endosomic structures. These cells were then subjected to an AMF for 30 min and the viability of the blank DCs (i.e. without MNPs), which were used as control samples, remained essentially unaffected. However, a remarkable decrease of viability from approximately 90% to 2-5% of DCs previously loaded with MNPs was observed after the same 30 min exposure to an AMF. The same results were obtained using MNPs having either positive (NH(2)(+)) or negative (COOH(-)) surface functional groups. In spite of the massive cell death induced by application of AMF to MNP-loaded DCs, the number of incorporated magnetic particles did not raise the temperature of the cell culture. Clear morphological changes at the cell structure after magnetic field application were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, local damage produced by the MNPs could be the main mechanism for the selective cell death of MNP-loaded DCs under an AMF. Based on the ability of these cells to evade the reticuloendothelial system, these complexes combined with an AMF should be considered as a potentially powerful tool for tumour therapy.
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43
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Lu J, Zhao J, Zhao J, Ma J, Liu K, Yang H, Huang Y, Qin Z, Bai R, Li P, Yan W, Zhao M, Dong Z. VEGF-A-induced immature DCs not mature DCs differentiation into endothelial-like cells through ERK1/2-dependent pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:294-302. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nishioka Y, Aono Y, Sone S. Role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in tumor immunology. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:107-16. [PMID: 21174561 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells are involved in both innate and acquired immunity against tumors. NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a role as effector cells to directly kill tumor cells. On the other hand, antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells, control tumor-specific immune responses. In addition, much focus has been paid on the immune regulatory cells in tumor sites, including CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The recent advances in molecular-targeted therapy for cancer have provided small-molecule kinase inhibitors, which are effective for several hematopoietic malignancies as well as solid tumors in the clinical setting. Most drugs generally have inhibitory effects on several kinases, including tyrosine kinases, which are critical molecules for the survival, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells. Since the host immune surveillance against tumors affects tumor progression, it is of interest to understand how these molecular-targeted drugs affect immune function in the tumor-bearing host. Besides this, there are emerging findings that myeloid cells could be involved in tumor angiogenesis. In this article, we address the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in tumor immunology by summarizing their effects on myeloid cells, such as antigen-presenting cells and regulatory cells, and their role in tumor immunity and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Rheumotology, The Univeristy of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Coussens LM, Pollard JW. Leukocytes in mammary development and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a003285. [PMID: 21123394 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes, of both the innate and adaptive lineages, are normal cellular components of all tissues. These important cells not only are critical for regulating normal tissue homeostasis, but also are significant paracrine regulators of all physiologic and pathologic tissue repair processes. This article summarizes recent insights regarding the trophic roles of leukocytes at each stage of mammary gland development and during cancer development, with a focus on Murids and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
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46
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Abstract
T cells can reject established tumours when adoptively transferred into patients, thereby demonstrating the power of the immune system for cancer therapy. However, it has proven difficult to maintain adoptively transferred T cells in the long term. Vaccines have the potential to induce tumour-specific effector and memory T cells. However, clinical efficacy of current vaccines is limited, possibly because tumours skew the immune system by means of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inflammatory type 2 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), all of which prevent the generation of effector cells. To improve the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines in patients with metastatic disease, we need to design novel and improved strategies that can boost adaptive immunity to cancer, help overcome Tregs and allow the breakdown of the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This can be achieved by exploiting the fast increasing knowledge about the dendritic cell (DC) system, including the existence of distinct DC subsets that respond differentially to distinct activation signals, (functional plasticity), both contributing to the generation of unique adaptive immune responses. We foresee that these novel cancer vaccines will be used as monotherapy in patients with resected disease and in combination with drugs targeting regulatory/suppressor pathways in patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells have been implicated in regulating many of the “hallmarks of cancer” and thus fostering solid tumor development and metastasis. However, the same innate leukocytes also participate in anti-tumor immunity and restraint of malignant disease. While many factors regulate the propensity of myeloid cells to promote or repress cancerous growths, polarized adaptive immune responses by B and T lymphocytes have been identified as regulators of many aspects of myeloid cell biology by specifically regulating their functional capabilities. Here, we detail the diversity of heterogeneous B and T lymphocyte populations and their impacts on solid tumor development through their abilities to regulate myeloid cell function in solid tumors.
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Abstract
ATP, which has an important proinflammatory action as danger signal, induces the semimaturation of dendritic cells (DCs) that can be associated with immune tolerance. We identified epidermal growth factor receptor ligands as target genes of ATPγS, a slowly hydrolyzed ATP derivative, by a gene profiling approach in DCs. Amphiregulin was the most highly up-regulated gene in response to ATPγS. Human monocyte-derived DCs and mouse bone marrow-derived DCs released amphiregulin (AREG) after purinergic receptor activation, with a contribution of P2Y(11) and A(2B) receptor, respectively. Supernatants of LPS+ATPγS-stimulated DCs induced smooth muscle cell and Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell growth in vitro. The coinjection of LPS+ATPγS-stimulated DCs or their supernatants with LLC cells increased tumor weight in mice compared with LPS-treated DCs. The preincubation of LPS+ATPγS-treated DC supernatants with an anti-AREG blocking antibody inhibited their positive effect on smooth muscle cell density and tumor growth. The present study demonstrates for the first time that DCs can be a source of AREG. ATP released from tumor cells might exert a tumorigenic action by stimulating the secretion of AREG from DCs. Antagonists of purinergic receptors expressed on DCs and anti-AREG blocking antibodies could have a therapeutic potential as antitumor agents.
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Lu J, Zhao J, Liu K, Zhao J, Yang H, Huang Y, Qin Z, Bai R, Li P, Ma J, Yan W, Zhao M, Dong Z. MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling mediates endothelial-like differentiation of immature DCs in the microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2091-106. [PMID: 20221785 PMCID: PMC11115913 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-like differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) is a new phenomenon, and the mechanism is still elusive. Here, we show that the tumor microenvironment derived from the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line EC9706 can induce immature DCs (iDCs) differentiate toward endothelial cells, and become endothelial-like cells, but it has no obvious influence on mature DCs. During the course of endothelial-like differentiation of iDCs, a sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracelluar signal-regulated kinase1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was detected. Incubation of iDCs with MEK phosphorylation inhibitor PD98059 blocked the MAPK/ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation as well as the endothelial-like differentiation of iDCs. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the microenvironment with its antibody blocked the endothelial-like differentiation and the phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and CREB. These data suggest that MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway activated by VEGF-A could mediate endothelial-like differentiation of iDCs in the ESCC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Ueno H, Schmitt N, Klechevsky E, Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Matsui T, Zurawski G, Oh S, Fay J, Pascual V, Banchereau J, Palucka K. Harnessing human dendritic cell subsets for medicine. Immunol Rev 2010; 234:199-212. [PMID: 20193020 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunity results from a complex interplay between the antigen-non-specific innate immune system and the antigen-specific adaptive immune system. The cells and molecules of the innate system employ non-clonal recognition receptors including lectins, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and helicases. B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system employ clonal receptors recognizing antigens or their derived peptides in a highly specific manner. An essential link between innate and adaptive immunity is provided by dendritic cells (DCs). DCs can induce such contrasting states as immunity and tolerance. The recent years have brought a wealth of information on the biology of DCs revealing the complexity of this cell system. Indeed, DC plasticity and subsets are prominent determinants of the type and quality of elicited immune responses. In this article, we summarize our recent studies aimed at a better understanding of the DC system to unravel the pathophysiology of human diseases and design novel human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and INSERM U899, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
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