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Sant’Anna TB, Araujo NM. Adeno-associated virus infection and its impact in human health: an overview. Virol J 2022; 19:173. [PMID: 36316711 PMCID: PMC9623951 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered as a contaminant of adenovirus stocks in the 1960s, adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a mono-stranded DNA virus that depends on helper factors to replicate. Even though AAV is endemic in the human population (35-80%), it is remarkable that many issues concerning the natural infection by this virus remain unanswered. In this study, we reflect on the main basic aspects of AAV biology and provide an overview of the studies exploring the impact of AAV infection on human health, focusing on three major research areas including, (i) cervical and (ii) liver cancer, and (iii) reproductive system disorders. Conflicting results have been obtained into the association of AAV infection with the occurrence of adverse reproductive outcomes, such as placental complications, spontaneous abortion, and fertility disorders, or with a protective role in HPV-related cervical carcinogenesis. Noteworthy, recent reports have identified AAV insertional mutagenesis as a novel risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This latest finding raises concern regarding the widespread usage of AAV vectors in liver-targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís B Sant’Anna
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Araujo
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Noroozi Z, Shamsara M, Valipour E, Esfandyari S, Ehghaghi A, Monfaredan A, Azizi Z, Motevaseli E, Modarressi MH. Antiproliferative effects of AAV-delivered CRISPR/Cas9-based degradation of the HPV18-E6 gene in HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2224. [PMID: 35140292 PMCID: PMC8828776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus infections are associated with most cervical cancers, which are the fourth most common cancer in women. HPV-E6 protein binds to protein p53 and inhibits its function, leading to the switching of normal cells toward cancer cells. Here, we disrupted the HPV-E6 gene and investigated its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells. The HPV18-E6 gene was targeted with two designed sgRNAs cloned into an AAV-CRISPR-based plasmid. The AAV-E6-CRISPR/Cas9 virions were prepared and titrated in HEK293t cells. The cleavage created in the HPV-E6 gene was detected using the T7E1 assay. Cell cycle profiling, MTT assay, and annexin V/PI staining were performed. Also, the p53 protein level was measured by Western blotting. Our data showed that disruption of the HPV-E6 gene led to increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. A significant accumulation of infected cells in sub-G1 phase was observed in the cell profiling assay. Also, HPV-E6 gene disruption resulted in a significant increase in the level of P53 protein. Our findings indicated that AAV-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 can effectively target the HPV-E6 gene in HeLa cells, and its antiproliferative effects may provide therapeutic benefits of local administration of this gene-editing system for HPV-related cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noroozi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Valipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alireza Ehghaghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Monfaredan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Shafiei-Jandaghi NZ, Yavarian J, Faghihloo E, Ghavami N, Ghalejoogh ZY, Kiani SJ, Malekshahi SS, Shahsiah R, Jahanzad E, Hosseini M, Azad TM. Prevalence of adeno-associated virus and human papillomavirus DNA in Iranian women with and without cervical cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:457-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim CH, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Lee JY, Yang SH, Choe J, Hwang D, Kim KC, Hwang ES. Detection of Adeno-associated Virus from Semen Suffering with Male Factor Infertility and Having Their Conception Partners with Recurrent Miscarriages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2012.42.4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hyon Kim
- Hamchoon Women's Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Heon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Choe
- Hamchoon Women's Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Eung Soo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 Division of Human Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kang BY, You H, Bandyopadhyay S, Agrawal N, Melchert RB, Basnakian AG, Liu Y, Hermonat PL. Cervical cancer isolate PT3, super-permissive for adeno-associated virus replication, over-expresses DNA polymerase delta, PCNA, RFC and RPA. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:79. [PMID: 19389243 PMCID: PMC2685399 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 is an important virus due to its use as a safe and effective human gene therapy vector and its negative association with certain malignancies. AAV, a dependo-parvovirus, autonomously replicates in stratified squamous epithelium. Such tissue occurs in the nasopharynx and anogenitals, from which AAV has been clinically isolated. Related autonomous parvoviruses also demonstrate cell tropism and preferentially replicate in oncogenically transformed cells. Combining these two attributes of parvovirus tropism, squamous and malignant, we assayed if AAV might replicate in squamous cervical carcinoma cell isolates. RESULTS Three primary isolates (PT1-3) and two established cervical cancer cell lines were compared to normal keratinocytes (NK) for their ability to replicate AAV. One isolate, PT3, allowed for high levels of AAV DNA replication and virion production compared to others. In research by others, four cellular components are known required for in vitro AAV DNA replication: replication protein A (RPA), replication factor C (RFC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and DNA polymerase delta (POLD1). Thus, we examined PT3 cells for expression of these components by DNA microarray and real-time quantitative PCR. All four components were over-expressed in PT3 over two representative low-permissive cell isolates (NK and PT1). However, this super-permissiveness did not result in PT3 cell death by AAV infection. CONCLUSION These data, for the first time, provide evidence that these four cellular components are likely important for AAV in vivo DNA replication as well as in vitro. These data also suggest that PT3 will be a useful reagent for investigating the AAV-permissive transcriptome and AAV anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Yong Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital, 4300 West 7th St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Hong You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gene Therapy Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sarmistha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gene Therapy Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nalini Agrawal
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Russell B Melchert
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital, 4300 West 7th St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gene Therapy Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Paul L Hermonat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gene Therapy Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital, 4300 West 7th St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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