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Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Bortolot M, Stanzione B, Del Conte A, Spina M, Bearz A. Targeted Therapy in Mesotheliomas: Uphill All the Way. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1971. [PMID: 38893092 PMCID: PMC11171080 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive and lethal disease with few therapeutic opportunities. Platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy is the backbone of first-line treatment for MM. The introduction of immunotherapy (IO) has been the only novelty of the last decades, allowing an increase in survival compared to standard chemotherapy (CT). However, IO is not approved for epithelioid histology in many countries. Therefore, therapy for relapsed MM remains an unmet clinical need, and the prognosis of MM remains poor, with an average survival of only 18 months. Increasing evidence reveals MM complexity and heterogeneity, of which histological classification fails to explain. Thus, scientific focus on possibly new molecular markers or cellular targets is increasing, together with the search for target therapies directed towards them. The molecular landscape of MM is characterized by inactivating tumor suppressor alterations, the most common of which is found in CDKN2A, BAP1, MTAP, and NF2. In addition, cellular targets such as mesothelin or metabolic enzymes such as ASS1 could be potentially amenable to specific therapies. This review examines the major targets and relative attempts of therapeutic approaches to provide an overview of the potential prospects for treating this rare neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Martina Bortolot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (E.B.); (E.D.C.); (M.B.); (B.S.); (A.D.C.); (M.S.)
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2
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van Kooten JP, Dietz MV, Dubbink HJ, Verhoef C, Aerts JGJV, Madsen EVE, von der Thüsen JH. Genomic characterization and detection of potential therapeutic targets for peritoneal mesothelioma in current practice. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38642130 PMCID: PMC11032274 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM) is an aggressive tumor with limited treatment options. The current study aimed to evaluate the value of next generation sequencing (NGS) of PeM samples in current practice. Foundation Medicine F1CDx NGS was performed on 20 tumor samples. This platform assesses 360 commonly somatically mutated genes in solid tumors and provides a genomic signature. Based on the detected mutations, potentially effective targeted therapies were identified. NGS was successful in 19 cases. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was low in 10 cases, and 11 cases were microsatellite stable. In the other cases, TMB and microsatellite status could not be determined. BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations were found in 32% of cases, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) and neurofibromin 2 (NF2) mutations in 16%, and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM) in 11%. Based on mutations in the latter two genes, potential targeted therapies are available for approximately a quarter of cases (i.e., protein kinase inhibitors for three NF2 mutated tumors, and polyADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors for two ATM mutated tumors). Extensive NGS analysis of PeM samples resulted in the identification of potentially effective targeted therapies for about one in four patients. Although these therapies are currently not available for patients with PeM, ongoing developments might result in new treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job P van Kooten
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle V Dietz
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva V E Madsen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Skandalis SS. CD44 Intracellular Domain: A Long Tale of a Short Tail. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5041. [PMID: 37894408 PMCID: PMC10605500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a single-chain transmembrane receptor that exists in multiple forms due to alternative mRNA splicing and post-translational modifications. CD44 is the main cell surface receptor of hyaluronan as well as other extracellular matrix molecules, cytokines, and growth factors that play important roles in physiological processes (such as hematopoiesis and lymphocyte homing) and the progression of various diseases, the predominant one being cancer. Currently, CD44 is an established cancer stem cell marker in several tumors, implying a central functional role in tumor biology. The present review aims to highlight the contribution of the CD44 short cytoplasmic tail, which is devoid of any enzymatic activity, in the extraordinary functional diversity of the receptor. The interactions of CD44 with cytoskeletal proteins through specific structural motifs within its intracellular domain drives cytoskeleton rearrangements and affects the distribution of organelles and transport of molecules. Moreover, the CD44 intracellular domain specifically interacts with various cytoplasmic effectors regulating cell-trafficking machinery, signal transduction pathways, the transcriptome, and vital cell metabolic pathways. Understanding the cell type- and context-specificity of these interactions may unravel the high complexity of CD44 functions and lead to novel improved therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Santos PF, Fazendeiro B, Luca FC, Ambrósio AF, Léger H. The NDR/LATS protein kinases in neurobiology: Key regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration in the ocular and central nervous system. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151333. [PMID: 37327741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) kinases are a subgroup of evolutionarily conserved AGC protein kinases that regulate various aspects of cell growth and morphogenesis. There are 4 NDR protein kinases in mammals, LATS1, LATS2 and STTK8/NDR1, STK38L/NDR2 protein kinases. LATS1 and 2 are core components of the well-studied Hippo pathway, which play a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell migration via YAP/TAZ transcription factor. The Hippo pathways play an important role in nervous tissue development and homeostasis, especially with regard to the central nervous system (CNS) and the ocular system. The ocular system is a very complex system generated by the interaction in a very tightly coordinated manner of numerous and diverse developing tissues, such as, but not limited to choroidal and retinal blood vessels, the retinal pigmented epithelium and the retina, a highly polarized neuronal tissue. The retina development and maintenance require precise and coordinated regulation of cell proliferation, cell death, migration, morphogenesis, synaptic connectivity, and balanced homeostasis. This review highlights the emerging roles of NDR1 and NDR2 kinases in the regulation of retinal/neuronal function and homeostasis via a noncanonical branch of the Hippo pathway. We highlight a potential role of NDR1 and NDR2 kinases in regulating neuronal inflammation and as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo F Santos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University Coimbra, CC Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Fazendeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francis C Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hélène Léger
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Azinhaga Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Gerardo-Ramírez M, Giam V, Becker D, Groth M, Hartmann N, Morrison H, May-Simera HL, Radsak MP, Marquardt JU, Galle PR, Herrlich P, Straub BK, Hartmann M. Deletion of Cd44 Inhibits Metastasis Formation of Liver Cancer in Nf2-Mutant Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091257. [PMID: 37174657 PMCID: PMC10177437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway plays a critical role in restricting cell proliferation and determining cell fate during physiological and pathological processes in the liver. Merlin (Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-like protein) encoded by the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2) gene is an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Targeting of Merlin to the plasma membrane seems to be crucial for its major tumor-suppressive functions; this is facilitated by interactions with membrane-associated proteins, including CD44 (cluster of differentiation 44). Mutations within the CD44-binding domain of Merlin have been reported in many human cancers. This study evaluated the relative contribution of CD44- and Merlin-dependent processes to the development and progression of liver tumors. To this end, mice with a liver-specific deletion of the Nf2 gene were crossed with Cd44-knockout mice and subjected to extensive histological, biochemical and molecular analyses. In addition, cells were isolated from mutant livers and analyzed by in vitro assays. Deletion of Nf2 in the liver led to substantial liver enlargement and generation of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), as well as mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas. Whilst deletion of Cd44 had no influence on liver size or primary liver tumor development, it significantly inhibited metastasis formation in Nf2-mutant mice. CD44 upregulates expression of integrin β2 and promotes transendothelial migration of liver cancer cells, which may facilitate metastatic spreading. Overall, our results suggest that CD44 may be a promising target for intervening with metastatic spreading of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Giam
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helen L May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23558 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Sekido Y, Sato T. NF2 alteration in mesothelioma. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1161995. [PMID: 37180489 PMCID: PMC10168293 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1161995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF2 tumor suppressor gene is a frequent somatically mutated gene in mesothelioma, with 30%-40% mesotheliomas showing NF2 inactivation. NF2 encodes merlin, a member of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family of proteins that regulate cytoskeleton and cell signaling. Recent genome analysis revealed that NF2 alteration may be a late event in mesothelioma development, suggesting that NF2 mutation confers a more aggressive phenotype to mesothelioma cells and may not be directly caused by asbestos exposure. The Hippo tumor-suppressive and mTOR prooncogenic signaling pathways are crucial cell-signaling cascades regulated by merlin. Although the exact role and timing of NF2 inactivation in mesothelioma cells remain to be elucidated, targeting the NF2/merlin-Hippo pathway may be a new therapeutic strategy for patients with mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Sato
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
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Bailo M, Gagliardi F, Boari N, Spina A, Piloni M, Castellano A, Mortini P. Meningioma and Other Meningeal Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:73-97. [PMID: 37452935 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas develop from meningothelial cells and approximately account for more than 30 percent of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. They can occur anywhere in the dura, most often intracranially and at dural reflection sites. Half of the cases are usually at parasagittal/falcine and convexity locations; other common sites are sphenoid ridge, suprasellar, posterior fossa, and olfactory groove. The female-to-male ratio is approximately 2 or 3-1, and the median age at diagnosis is 65 years. Meningiomas are generally extremely slow-growing tumors; many are asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic at diagnosis and are discovered incidentally. Clinical manifestations, when present, are influenced by the tumor site and by the time course over which it develops. Meningiomas are divided into three grades. Grade I represents the vast majority of cases; they are considered typical or benign, although their CNS location can still lead to severe morbidity or mortality, resulting in a reported ten-year net survival of over 80%. Atypical (WHO grade II) meningiomas are considered "intermediate grade" malignancies and represent 5-7% of cases. They show a tendency for recurrence and malignant degeneration with a relevant increase in tumor cell migration and surrounding tissue infiltration; ten-year net survival is reported over 60%. The anaplastic subtype (WHO III) represents only 1-3% of cases, and it is characterized by a poor prognosis (ten-year net survival of 15%). The treatment of choice for these tumors stands on complete microsurgical resection in case the subsequent morbidities are assumed minimal. On the other hand, and in case the tumor is located in critical regions such as the skull base, or the patient may have accompanied comorbidities, or it is aimed to avoid intensive treatment, some other approaches, including stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy, were recommended as safe and effective choices to be considered as a primary treatment option or complementary to surgery. Adjuvant radiosurgery/radiotherapy should be considered in the case of atypical and anaplastic histology, especially when a residual tumor is identifiable in postoperative imaging. A "watchful waiting" strategy appears reasonable for extremely old individuals and those with substantial comorbidities or low-performance status, while there is a reduced threshold for therapeutic intervention for relatively healthy younger individuals due to the expectation that tumor progression will inevitably necessitate proactive treatment. To treat and manage meningioma efficiently, the assessments of both neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists are essential. The possibility of other rarer tumors, including hemangiopericytomas, solitary fibrous tumors, lymphomas, metastases, melanocytic tumors, and fibrous histiocytoma, must be considered when a meningeal lesion is diagnosed, especially because the ideal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches might differ significantly in every tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bailo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy.
| | - Filippo Gagliardi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Boari
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Piloni
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Castellano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy
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8
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Go KO, Kim YZ. Brain Invasion and Trends in Molecular Research on Meningioma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2023; 11:47-58. [PMID: 36762808 PMCID: PMC9911709 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The treatment of non-benign meningiomas remains a challenging task, and after the publication of the 2021 World Health Organization classification, the importance of molecular biological classification is emerging. In this article, we introduce the mechanisms of brain invasion in atypical meningioma and review the genetic factors involved along with epigenetic regulation. First, it is important to understand the three major steps for brain invasion of meningeal cells: 1) degradation of extracellular matrix by proteases, 2) promotion of tumor cell migration to resident cells by adhesion molecules, and 3) neovascularization and supporting cells by growth factors. Second, the genomic landscape of meningiomas should be analyzed by major categories, such as germline mutations in NF2 and somatic mutations in non-NF2 genes (TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, SMO, and POLR2A). Finally, epigenetic alterations in meningiomas are being studied, with a focus on DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Increasing knowledge of the molecular landscape of meningiomas has allowed the identification of prognostic and predictive markers that can guide therapeutic decision-making processes and the timing of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-O Go
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neuro Oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Tritto V, Eoli M, Paterra R, Redaelli S, Moscatelli M, Rusconi F, Riva P. Characterization of 22q12 Microdeletions Causing Position Effect in Rare NF2 Patients with Complex Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710017. [PMID: 36077416 PMCID: PMC9456353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant tumor-prone disorder mainly caused by NF2 point mutations or intragenic deletions. Few individuals with a complex phenotype and 22q12 microdeletions have been described. The 22q12 microdeletions’ pathogenic effects at the genetic and epigenetic levels are currently unknown. We here report on 22q12 microdeletions’ characterization in three NF2 patients with different phenotype complexities. A possible effect of the position was investigated by in silico analysis of 22q12 topologically associated domains (TADs) and regulatory elements, and by expression analysis of 12 genes flanking patients’ deletions. A 147 Kb microdeletion was identified in the patient with the mildest phenotype, while two large deletions of 561 Kb and 1.8 Mb were found in the other two patients, showing a more severe symptomatology. The last two patients displayed intellectual disability, possibly related to AP1B1 gene deletion. The microdeletions change from one to five TADs, and the 22q12 chromatin regulatory landscape, according to the altered expression levels of four deletion-flanking genes, including PIK3IP1, are likely associated with an early ischemic event occurring in the patient with the largest deletion. Our results suggest that the identification of the deletion extent can provide prognostic markers, predictive of NF2 phenotypes, and potential therapeutic targets, thus overall improving patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Tritto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- Unità di Neuro-Oncologia Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (P.R.)
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Unità di Neuro-Oncologia Molecolare, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Redaelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Moscatelli
- Unità di Neuroradiologia, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rusconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Paola Riva
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054 Segrate, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (P.R.)
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10
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Arnaud T, Rodrigues-Lima F, Viguier M, Deshayes F. Interplay between EGFR, E-cadherin, and PTP1B in epidermal homeostasis. Tissue Barriers 2022:2104085. [PMID: 35875939 PMCID: PMC10364651 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining epithelial homeostasis is crucial to allow embryo development but also the protective barrier which is ensured by the epidermis. This homeostasis is regulated through the expression of several molecules among which EGFR and E-cadherin which are of major importance. Indeed, defects in the regulation of these proteins lead to abnormalities in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Hence, regulation of these two proteins is of the utmost importance as they are involved in numerous skin pathologies and cancers. In the last decades it has been described several pathways of regulation of these two proteins and notably several mechanisms of cross-regulation between these partners. In this review, we aimed to describe the current understanding of the regulation of EGFR and interactions between EGFR and E-cadherin and, in particular, the implication of these cross-regulations in epithelium homeostasis. We pay particular attention to PTP1B, a phosphatase involved in the regulation of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Arnaud
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
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11
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Bae JH, Yang MJ, Jeong SH, Kim J, Hong SP, Kim JW, Kim YH, Koh GY. Gatekeeping role of Nf2/Merlin in vascular tip EC induction through suppression of VEGFR2 internalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2611. [PMID: 35687678 PMCID: PMC9187237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In sprouting angiogenesis, the precise mechanisms underlying how intracellular vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is higher in one endothelial cell (EC) compared with its neighbor and acquires the tip EC phenotype under a similar external cue are elusive. Here, we show that Merlin, encoded by the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, suppresses VEGFR2 internalization depending on VE-cadherin density and inhibits tip EC induction. Accordingly, endothelial Nf2 depletion promotes tip EC induction with excessive filopodia by enhancing VEGFR2 internalization in both the growing and matured vessels. Mechanistically, Merlin binds to the VEGFR2-VE-cadherin complex at cell-cell junctions and reduces VEGFR2 internalization-induced downstream signaling during tip EC induction. As a consequence, nonfunctional excessive sprouting occurs during tumor angiogenesis in EC-specific Nf2-deleted mice, leading to delayed tumor growth. Together, Nf2/Merlin is a crucial molecular gatekeeper for tip EC induction, capillary integrity, and proper tumor angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2 internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Bae
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-hwan Jeong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - JungMo Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pyo Hong
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Doherty J, Mandati V, González-Rodriguez MA, Troutman S, Shepard A, Harbaugh D, Brody R, Miller DC, Kareta MS, Kissil JL. Validation of BET proteins as therapeutic targets in Neurofibromatosis type 2. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac072. [PMID: 35855490 PMCID: PMC9278623 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by development of schwannomas on the VIIIth (vestibular) cranial nerves. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins regulate gene transcription and their activity is required in a variety of cancers including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The use of BET inhibitors as a therapeutic option to treat NF2 schwannomas has not been explored and is the focus of this study. Methods A panel of normal and NF2-null Schwann and schwannoma cell lines were used to characterize the impact of the BET inhibitor JQ1 in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action was explored by chromatin immunoprecipitation of the BET BRD4, phospho-kinase arrays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of BRD4 in vestibular schwannomas. Results JQ1 inhibited proliferation of NF2-null schwannoma and Schwann cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Further, loss of NF2 by CRISPR deletion or siRNA knockdown increased sensitivity of cells to JQ1. Loss of function experiments identified BRD4, and to a lesser extent BRD2, as BET family members mediating the majority of JQ1 effects. IHC demonstrated elevated levels of BRD4 protein in human vestibular schwannomas. Analysis of signaling pathways effected by JQ1 treatment suggests that the effects of JQ1 treatment are mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling. Conclusions NF2-deficient Schwann and schwannoma cells are sensitive to BET inhibition, primarily mediated by BRD4, which is overexpressed in human vestibular schwannomas. Our results suggest BRD4 regulates PI3K signaling and likely impedes NF2 schwannoma growth via this inhibition. These findings implicate BET inhibition as a therapeutic option for NF2-deficient schwannomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Doherty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Vinay Mandati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Scott Troutman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alyssa Shepard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - David Harbaugh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Kareta
- Genetics and Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57104, USA
| | - Joseph L Kissil
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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13
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The Clinical Features and Molecular Mechanism of Pituitary Adenoma Associated With Vestibular Schwannoma. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:e523-e526. [PMID: 35175984 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the clinical features and mechanism of pituitary adenoma associated with vestibular schwannoma (PAVS). PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed pituitary adenoma patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016. A total of two pituitary adenoma samples, 1 vestibular schwannoma sample and one paired pituitary adenoma/blood sample were subjected next-generation sequencing and sanger sequence. RESULTS A total of 5675 pituitary adenoma patients from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016, were retrospectively analyzed; of these, 4 (7%) patients met the criteria of PAVS. Clinical variable analyses revealed significant correlations between PAVS and older age when compared with sporadic pituitary adenoma (SPA) or sporadic vestibular schwannoma (SVS). The authors found that there were 2 germline mutations of XKR3 in 2/4 PAVS patients. Therefore, the authors speculated that XKR3 might be a genetic predisposition factor. The result also showed that there was no NF2 mutation and NF2-related symptom in the 4 PAVS samples. CONCLUSIONS PAVS had a significant correlation with older age when compared with SPA and SVS. XKR3 may be a genetic predisposition factor for PAVS, it represents a therapeutic target for PAVS in the future.
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Maggio I, Franceschi E, Di Nunno V, Gatto L, Tosoni A, Angelini D, Bartolini S, Lodi R, Brandes AA. Discovering the Molecular Landscape of Meningioma: The Struggle to Find New Therapeutic Targets. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1852. [PMID: 34679551 PMCID: PMC8534341 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary CNS tumors. They are usually benign but can present aggressive behavior in about 20% of cases. The genetic landscape of meningioma is characterized by the presence (in about 60% of cases) or absence of NF2 mutation. Low-grade meningiomas can also present other genetic alterations, particularly affecting SMO, TRAF7, KLF4 AKT1 and PI3KCA. In higher grade meningiomas, mutations of TERT promoter and deletion of CDKN2A/B seem to have a prognostic value. Furthermore, other genetic alterations have been identified, such as BAP1, DMD and PBRM1. Different subgroups of DNA methylation appear to be correlated with prognosis. In this review, we explored the genetic landscape of meningiomas and the possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maggio
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Via Altura n. 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.); (V.D.N.); (L.G.)
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Via Altura n. 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.); (V.D.N.); (L.G.)
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Via Altura n. 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.); (V.D.N.); (L.G.)
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Daniele Angelini
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; or
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCSS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (D.A.); (S.B.); (A.A.B.)
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Mouillet-Richard S, Ghazi A, Laurent-Puig P. The Cellular Prion Protein and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195032. [PMID: 34638517 PMCID: PMC8508458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cellular prion protein PrPC is best known for its involvement, under its pathogenic isoform, in a group of neurodegenerative diseases. Notwithstanding, an emerging role for PrPC in various cancer-associated processes has attracted increasing attention over recent years. PrPC is overexpressed in diverse types of solid cancers and has been incriminated in various aspects of cancer biology, most notably proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as resistance to cytotoxic agents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of PrPC with respect to the hallmarks of cancer, a reference framework encompassing the major characteristics of cancer cells. Abstract Beyond its causal involvement in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, the cellular prion protein PrPC is now taking centre stage as an important contributor to cancer progression in various types of solid tumours. The prion cancer research field has progressively expanded in the last few years and has yielded consistent evidence for an involvement of PrPC in cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, therapeutic resistance and cancer stem cell properties. Most recent data have uncovered new facets of the biology of PrPC in cancer, ranging from its control on enzymes involved in immune tolerance to its radio-protective activity, by way of promoting angiogenesis. In the present review, we aim to summarise the body of literature dedicated to the study of PrPC in relation to cancer from the perspective of the hallmarks of cancer, the reference framework defined by Hanahan and Weinberg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (P.L.-P.)
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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Waldt N, Kesseler C, Fala P, John P, Kirches E, Angenstein F, Mawrin C. Crispr/Cas-based modeling of NF2 loss in meningioma cells. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 356:109141. [PMID: 33753124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene (NF2) occur in more than fifty percent of sporadic meningiomas. Meningiomas develop frequently in the setting of the hereditary tumor syndrome NF2. Investigation of potential drug-based treatment options has been limited by the lack of appropriate in vitro and in vivo models. NEW METHODS Using Crispr/Cas gene editing, of the malignant meningioma cell line IOMM-Lee, we generated a pair of cell clones characterized by either stable knockout of NF2 and loss of the protein product merlin or retained merlin protein (transfected control without gRNA). RESULTS IOMM-Lee cells lacking NF2 showed reduced apoptosis and formed bigger colonies compared to control IOMM-Lee cells. Treatment of non-transfected IOMM-Lee cells with the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor GSK2256098 resulted in reduced colony sizes. Orthotopic mouse xenografts showed the formation of convexity tumors typical for meningiomas with NF2-depleted and control cells. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS No orthotopic meningioma models with genetically-engineered cell pairs are available so far. CONCLUSION Our model based on Crispr/Cas-based gene editing provides paired meningioma cells suitable to study functional consequences and therapeutic accessibility of NF2/merlin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Waldt
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany
| | | | - Paula Fala
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany; State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemițanu", Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Peter John
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany
| | - Elmar Kirches
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Imaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), 39118, Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Studies (CBBS), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Cordova C, Kurz SC. Advances in Molecular Classification and Therapeutic Opportunities in Meningiomas. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:84. [PMID: 32617743 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic alterations in meningioma and the underlying tumor biology of meningioma has significantly changed over the past decade and resulted in revision of prognostically relevant meningioma subclasses within and beyond the WHO classification of CNS tumors. RECENT FINDINGS The 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors recognizes WHO grade I, II, and III based on histopathological features. Recent work has identified genetic alterations with prognostic implications, including mutations of the TERT promoter, loss of function of the DMD gene, and inactivation of the tumor suppressor BAP-1. Studies of DNA methylation patterns in meningiomas have resulted in a novel and prognostically relevant meningioma subclassification schema. There have been major advances in our understanding of prognostically relevant genetic and epigenetic changes in meningioma which will hopefully allow for improvement in clinical trial design and the development of more effective therapies for meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cordova
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sylvia C Kurz
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, Brain and Spine Tumor Center, NYU Langone Health, 240 E. 38th Street, 19th floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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18
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Ma J, Klemm J, Gerardo-Ramírez M, Frappart L, Castven D, Becker D, Zoch A, Parent R, Bartosch B, Minnich K, Giovannini M, Danckwardt S, Hartmann N, Morrison H, Herrlich P, Marquardt JU, Hartmann M. Cluster of differentiation 44 promotes osteosarcoma progression in mice lacking the tumor suppressor Merlin. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2564-2577. [PMID: 32525563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Merlin is a versatile tumor suppressor protein encoded by the NF2 gene. Several lines of evidence suggest that Merlin exerts its tumor suppressor activity, at least in part, by forming an inhibitory complex with cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Consistently, numerous NF2 mutations in cancer patients are predicted to perturb the interaction of Merlin with CD44. We hypothesized that disruption of the Merlin-CD44 complex through loss of Merlin, unleashes putative tumor- or metastasis-promoting functions of CD44. To evaluate the relevance of the Merlin-CD44 interaction in vivo, we compared tumor growth and progression in Cd44-positive and Cd44-negative Nf2-mutant mice. Heterozygous Nf2-mutant mice were prone to developing highly metastatic osteosarcomas. Importantly, while the absence of the Cd44 gene had no effect on the frequency of primary osteosarcoma development, it strongly diminished osteosarcoma metastasis formation in the Nf2-mutant mice. In vitro assays identified transendothelial migration as the most prominent cellular phenotype dependent on CD44. Adhesion to endothelial cells was blocked by interfering with integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4, VLA-4) on osteosarcoma cells and CD44 upregulated levels of integrin VLA-4 β1 subunit. Among other putative functions of CD44, which may contribute to the metastatic behavior, the passage through the endothelial cells also appears to be critical in vivo, as CD44 significantly promoted formation of lung metastasis upon intravenous injection of osteosarcoma cells into immunocompromised mice. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that CD44 plays a metastasis-promoting role in the absence of Merlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ma
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucien Frappart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ansgar Zoch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Romain Parent
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Minnich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Orlova AA, Dadali EL, Polyakov AV. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Noonan Syndrome and Noonan-like Diseases. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Cui Y. NF2 Inhibits Proliferation and Cancer Stemness in Breast Cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:302-308. [PMID: 32337368 PMCID: PMC7175639 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that NF2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis. NF2 has been illustrated to be downregulated in several types of human cancer. However, the role of NF2 in breast cancer remains unclear. Methods We used UALCAN and KM-plotter database to study NF2 expression in human breast cancer and corresponding normal tissues and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. We investigated the role of NF2 in breast cancer cells behavior by inhibiting its expression in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Results In this study, we found that NF2 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. We found that the low expression of NF2 was related with the tumor stage. NF2 overexpression inhibited the cell colon formation and stemness. Conclusion Our results indicate a role of NF2 in the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, No. 338 Dongfeng West Road, Jingxiu District, BaoDing 071051, P.R.China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, No. 338 Dongfeng West Road, Jingxiu District, BaoDing 071051, P.R.China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, No. 338 Dongfeng West Road, Jingxiu District, BaoDing 071051, P.R.China
| | - Yijie Cui
- Department of Radiology, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, No. 338 Dongfeng West Road, Jingxiu District, BaoDing 071051, P.R.China
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Trujillo-Gonzalez I, Friday WB, Munson CA, Bachleda A, Weiss ER, Alam NM, Sha W, Zeisel SH, Surzenko N. Low availability of choline in utero disrupts development and function of the retina. FASEB J 2019; 33:9194-9209. [PMID: 31091977 PMCID: PMC6662989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900444r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adequate supply of choline, an essential nutrient, is necessary to support proper brain development. Whether prenatal choline availability plays a role in development of the visual system is currently unknown. In this study, we addressed the role of in utero choline supply for the development and later function of the retina in a mouse model. We lowered choline availability in the maternal diet during pregnancy and assessed proliferative and differentiation properties of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in the developing prenatal retina, as well as visual function in adult offspring. We report that low choline availability during retinogenesis leads to persistent retinal cytoarchitectural defects, ranging from focal lesions with displacement of retinal neurons into subretinal space to severe hypocellularity and ultrastructural defects in photoreceptor organization. We further show that low choline availability impairs timely differentiation of retinal neuronal cells, such that the densities of early-born retinal ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells, as well as cone photoreceptor precursors, are reduced in low choline embryonic d 17.5 retinas. Maintenance of higher proportions of RPCs that fail to exit the cell cycle underlies aberrant neuronal differentiation in low choline embryos. Increased RPC cell cycle length, and associated reduction in neurofibromin 2/Merlin protein, an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, at least in part, explain aberrant neurogenesis in low choline retinas. Furthermore, we find that animals exposed to low choline diet in utero exhibit a significant degree of intraindividual variation in vision, characterized by marked functional discrepancy between the 2 eyes in individual animals. Together, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that choline availability plays an essential role in the regulation of temporal progression of retinogenesis and provide evidence for the importance of adequate supply of choline for proper development of the visual system.-Trujillo-Gonzalez, I., Friday, W. B., Munson, C. A., Bachleda, A., Weiss, E. R., Alam, N. M., Sha, W., Zeisel, S. H., Surzenko, N. Low availability of choline in utero disrupts development and function of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Walter B. Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Munson
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Bachleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ellen R. Weiss
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nazia M. Alam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Restoration, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumor, have historically been managed with surgery and radiation. Traditional chemotherapy has not been effective. Fortunately, recent advances in genetic sequencing have led to an improved understanding of the molecular drivers in meningioma. This article aims to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of recently discovered genetic alterations in meningiomas. RECENT FINDINGS Many of the recently discovered genetic alterations correlate with distinct clinical phenotypes. SMO, AKT and PIK3CA mutations are enriched in the anterior skull base. KLF4 mutations are specific for secretory histology, and BAP1 alterations are common in progressive rhabdoid meningiomas. Alterations in TERT, DMD and BAP1 correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, the discovery of clinically actionable alterations in a number of genes, including SMO, AKT1 and PIK3CA, has opened up novel potential avenues for therapeutic management of meningiomas. Overexpression of PD-L1 in higher grade meningiomas also provides preclinical support for the investigation of checkpoint blockade. SUMMARY The discovery of genetic alterations has improved our understanding of the natural history and classification of meningiomas. Clinical trials with several novel agents targeting driver mutations are currently accruing patients and they can lead to better treatment strategies.
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Zhuo D, Guan F. Ganglioside GM1 promotes contact inhibition of growth by regulating the localization of epidermal growth factor receptor from glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain to caveolae. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12639. [PMID: 31127673 PMCID: PMC6668969 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Accumulating data show that gangliosides are involved in regulation of cell proliferation. Specific changes in gangliosides expression associated with growth density of cells have been documented in several cell lines. However, the function and the potential mechanism of ganglioside GM1 in contact inhibition of growth are not clear. Materials and Methods EdU incorporation assay and western blot were applied to detect the contact inhibition of growth in human mammary epithelial cells. GM1 manipulation of cell proliferation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation was investigated by immunoprecipitation, OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation and immunofluorescence. The function of GM1 on contact inhibition of growth was further studied by using GM1 stably knockdown and overexpression cells. Results MCF‐10A, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells showed contact inhibition of growth in high‐density condition. Exogenous addition of GM1 to high‐density cells clearly inhibited cell growth and deactivated EGFR signalling. Compared to normal‐density cells, distribution of EGFR in high‐density cells was decreased in glycosphingolipid‐enriched microdomain (GEM), but more concentrated in caveolae, and incubation with GM1 obviously promoted this translocation. Furthermore, the cell growth and EGFR activation were increased in GM1 stably knockdown cells and decreased in GM1 stably overexpression cells when cultured in high density. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that GM1 suppressed EGFR signalling and promoted contact inhibition of growth by changing the localization of EGFR from GEM to caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinghao Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Management and Screening in Neurofibromatosis Types 1 and 2. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-00165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Alcantara KMM, Garcia RL. MicroRNA‑92a promotes cell proliferation, migration and survival by directly targeting the tumor suppressor gene NF2 in colorectal and lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2103-2116. [PMID: 30816526 PMCID: PMC6412542 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein Merlin leads to the development of benign nervous system tumors in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Documented causes of Merlin inactivation include deleterious mutations in the encoding neurofibromin 2 gene (NF2) and aberrant Merlin phosphorylation leading to proteasomal degradation. Rare somatic NF2 mutations have also been detected in common human malignancies not associated with NF2, including colorectal and lung cancer. Furthermore, tumors without NF2 mutations and with unaltered NF2 transcript levels, but with low Merlin expression, have been reported. The present study demonstrated that NF2 is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) through direct interaction with evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) within its 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR). Dual-Luciferase assays in human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells revealed downregulation of NF2 by miR-92a-3p via its wild-type 3′UTR, but not NF2−3′UTR with mutated miR-92a-3p MRE. HCT116 cells overexpressing miR-92a-3p exhibited significant downregulation of endogenous NF2 mRNA and protein levels, which was rescued by co-transfection of a target protector oligonucleotide specific for the miR-92a-3p binding site within NF2−3′UTR. miR-92a-3p overexpression in HCT116 and A549 cells promoted migration, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as altered F-actin organization compared with controls. Knockdown of NF2 by siRNA phenocopied the oncogenic effects of miR-92a overexpression on HCT116 and A549 cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study provide functional proof of the unappreciated role of miRNAs in NF2 regulation and tumor progression, leading to enhanced oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizelle Mae M Alcantara
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Reynaldo L Garcia
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Hyaluronan and Neurofibromatosis Type 2. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:125-133. [PMID: 30145722 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) is associated with mainly three types of recurrent benign tumors restricted to the central nervous system: schwannoma, meningioma and ependymoma. The absence of the protein NF2/Merlin causes an uninterrupted cell proliferation cascade originating from an abnormal interaction between an extracellular mucopolysaccharide, hyaluronan (HA), and schwann cell surface CD44 receptor, which has been identified as one of the central causative factors for schwannoma. Most tumors in NF-2 have a predilection to originate from either arachnoid cap cells or schwann cells of the cisternal portion of nerve rootlets that share a continuous exposure to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We hypothesize that the CSF HA may play a role in tumorigenesis in NF-2. In a prospective analysis over a period of one year, the levels of medium to low molecular weight HA (LMW HA) was estimated in the CSF of three subjects with central schwannomas and compared against that of age-sex matched controls, using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide coupled turbidimetric assay and found to be seventeen-fold higher in the schwannoma subjects compared to the controls. HA was observed to be actively secreted by cultured schwannoma cells isolated from tumor tissues commensurate with their proliferation rate. On cell viability index analysis to compare the cell proliferation of astrocytoma cells with LMW HA vs. oligomeric HA (OHA), we found a decrease in cell proliferation of up to 30% with OHA. The study provides initial evidence that CSF HA may have a central role in the tumorigenesis of schwannoma in NF-2.
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27
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Toledo A, Grieger E, Karram K, Morrison H, Baader SL. Neurofibromatosis type 2 tumor suppressor protein is expressed in oligodendrocytes and regulates cell proliferation and process formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196726. [PMID: 29715273 PMCID: PMC5929554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor protein Merlin functions as a negative regulator of cell growth and actin dynamics in different cell types amongst which Schwann cells have been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence and the role of Merlin in oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells within the CNS, have not been elucidated. In this work, we demonstrate that Merlin immunoreactivity was broadly distributed in the white matter throughout the central nervous system. Following Merlin expression during development in the cerebellum, Merlin could be detected in the cerebellar white matter tract at early postnatal stages as shown by its co-localization with Olig2-positive cells as well as in adult brain sections where it was aligned with myelin basic protein containing fibers. This suggests that Merlin is expressed in immature and mature oligodendrocytes. Expression levels of Merlin were low in oligodendrocytes as compared to astrocytes and neurons throughout development. Expression of Merlin in oligodendroglia was further supported by its identification in either immortalized cell lines of oligodendroglial origin or in primary oligodendrocyte cultures. In these cultures, the two main splice variants of Nf2 could be detected. Merlin was localized in clusters within the nuclei and in the cytoplasm. Overexpressing Merlin in oligodendrocyte cell lines strengthened reduced impedance in XCELLigence measurements and Ki67 stainings in cultures over time. In addition, the initiation and elongation of cellular projections were reduced by Merlin overexpression. Consistently, cell migration was retarded in scratch assays done on Nf2-transfected oligodendrocyte cell lines. These data suggest that Merlin actively modulates process outgrowth and migration in oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toledo
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bonn, Germany
- Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elena Grieger
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan L. Baader
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Moon KH, Kim JW. Hippo Signaling Circuit and Divergent Tissue Growth in Mammalian Eye. Mol Cells 2018; 41:257-263. [PMID: 29665674 PMCID: PMC5935098 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate organ development is accompanied by demarcation of tissue compartments, which grow coordinately with their neighbors. Hence, perturbing the coordinative growth of neighboring tissue compartments frequently results in organ malformation. The growth of tissue compartments is regulated by multiple intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway that limits the growth of various organs. In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies that have explored the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments. We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141,
Korea
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Abstract
Meningiomas currently are among the most frequent intracranial tumours. Although the majority of meningiomas can be cured by surgical resection, ∼20% of patients have an aggressive clinical course with tumour recurrence or progressive disease, resulting in substantial morbidity and increased mortality of affected patients. During the past 3 years, exciting new data have been published that provide insights into the molecular background of meningiomas and link sites of tumour development with characteristic histopathological and molecular features, opening a new road to novel and promising treatment options for aggressive meningiomas. A growing number of the newly discovered recurrent mutations have been linked to a particular clinicopathological phenotype. Moreover, the updated WHO classification of brain tumours published in 2016 has incorporated some of these molecular findings, setting the stage for the improvement of future therapeutic efforts through the integration of essential molecular findings. Finally, an additional potential classification of meningiomas based on methylation profiling has been launched, which provides clues in the assessment of individual risk of meningioma recurrence. All of these developments are creating new prospects for effective molecularly driven diagnosis and therapy of meningiomas.
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Moon KH, Kim HT, Lee D, Rao MB, Levine EM, Lim DS, Kim JW. Differential Expression of NF2 in Neuroepithelial Compartments Is Necessary for Mammalian Eye Development. Dev Cell 2017; 44:13-28.e3. [PMID: 29249622 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The optic neuroepithelial continuum of vertebrate eye develops into three differentially growing compartments: the retina, the ciliary margin (CM), and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Neurofibromin 2 (Nf2) is strongly expressed in slowly expanding RPE and CM compartments, and the loss of mouse Nf2 causes hyperplasia in these compartments, replicating the ocular abnormalities seen in human NF2 patients. The hyperplastic ocular phenotypes were largely suppressed by heterozygous deletion of Yap and Taz, key targets of the Nf2-Hippo signaling pathway. We also found that, in addition to feedback transcriptional regulation of Nf2 by Yap/Taz in the CM, activation of Nf2 expression by Mitf in the RPE and suppression by Sox2 in retinal progenitor cells are necessary for the differential growth of the corresponding cell populations. Together, our findings reveal that Nf2 is a key player that orchestrates the differential growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments during vertebrate eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Tai Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mahesh B Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edward M Levine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
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31
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Vuong NH, Salah Salah O, Vanderhyden BC. 17β-Estradiol sensitizes ovarian surface epithelium to transformation by suppressing Disabled-2 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16702. [PMID: 29196616 PMCID: PMC5711839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy increases the risk of human ovarian cancer and exogenous estradiol accelerates the onset of ovarian cancer in mouse models. This study uses primary cultures of mouse ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) to demonstrate that one possible mechanism by which estrogen accelerates the initiation of ovarian cancer is by up-regulation of microRNA-378 via the ESR1 pathway to result in the down-regulation of a tumour suppressor called Disabled-2 (Dab2). Estrogen suppression of Dab2 was reproducible in vivo and across many cell types including mouse oviductal epithelium and primary cultures of human ovarian cancer cells. Suppression of Dab2 resulted in increased proliferation, loss of contact inhibition, morphological dysplasia, and resistance to oncogene-induced senescence - all factors that can sensitize OSE to transformation. Given that DAB2 is highly expressed in healthy human OSE and is absent in the majority of ovarian tumours, this study has taken the first steps to provide a mechanistic explanation for how estrogen therapy may play a role in the initiation of ovarian cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/biosynthesis
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Epithelium/pathology
- Estradiol/adverse effects
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovarian Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/pathology
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung H Vuong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Omar Salah Salah
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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32
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Young ED, Ingram D, Metcalf-Doetsch W, Khan D, Al Sannaa G, Le Loarer F, Lazar AJF, Slopis J, Torres KE, Lev D, Pollock RE, McCutcheon IE. Clinicopathological variables of sporadic schwannomas of peripheral nerve in 291 patients and expression of biologically relevant markers. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:805-814. [PMID: 28885122 DOI: 10.3171/2017.2.jns153004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While sporadic peripheral schwannomas (SPSs) are generally well treated with surgery, their biology is not well understood. Consequently, treatment options are limited. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of SPS. The authors describe clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of patients harboring these tumors, and they assess expression of biomarkers using a clinically annotated tissue microarray. Together, these data give new insight into the biology and management of SPS. METHODS Patients presenting with a primary SPS between 1993 and 2011 (n = 291) were selected from an institutional registry to construct a clinical database. All patients underwent follow-up, and short- and long-term outcomes were assessed. Expression of relevant biomarkers was assessed using a new tissue microarray (n = 121). RESULTS SPSs were generally large (mean 5.5 cm) and frequently painful at presentation (55%). Most patients were treated with surgery (80%), the majority of whom experienced complete resolution (52%) or improvement (18%) of their symptoms. Tumors that were completely resected (85%) did not recur. Some patients experienced short-term (16%) and long-term (4%) complications postoperatively. Schwannomas expressed higher levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (2.1) than malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) (1.5, p = 0.004) and neurofibromas (1.33, p = 0.007). Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 was greater in SPSs (0.91) than in MPNSTs (0.33, p = 0.002) and neurofibromas (0.33, p = 0.026). Epidermal growth factor receptor was expressed in far fewer SPS cells (10%) than in MPNSTs (58%, p < 0.0001) or neurofibromas (37%, p = 0.007). SPSs more frequently expressed cytoplasmic survivin (66% of tumor cells) than normal nerve (46% of cells), but SPS expressed nuclear survivin in fewer tumor cells than in MPNSTs (24% and 50%, respectively; p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Complete resection is curative for SPS. Left untreated, however, these tumors can cause significant morbidity, and not all patients are candidates for resection. SPSs express a pattern of biomarkers consistent with the dysregulation of the tumor suppressor merlin observed in neurofibromatosis Type 2-associated schwannomas, suggesting a shared etiology. This SPS pattern is distinct from that of other tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Young
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Andover, Kansas
| | - Davis Ingram
- Departments of2Surgical Oncology.,6The Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Dilshad Khan
- 8Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ghadah Al Sannaa
- 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,6The Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Alexander J F Lazar
- 3Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,6The Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Keila E Torres
- Departments of2Surgical Oncology.,6The Sarcoma Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dina Lev
- 10Department of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; and
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Ruggieri M, Praticò AD, Serra A, Maiolino L, Cocuzza S, Di Mauro P, Licciardello L, Milone P, Privitera G, Belfiore G, Di Pietro M, Di Raimondo F, Romano A, Chiarenza A, Muglia M, Polizzi A, Evans DG. Childhood neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and related disorders: from bench to bedside and biologically targeted therapies. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2017; 36:345-367. [PMID: 27958595 PMCID: PMC5225790 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 [NF2; MIM # 101000] is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the occurrence of vestibular schwannomas (VSs), schwannomas of other cranial, spinal and cutaneous nerves, cranial and spinal meningiomas and/or other central nervous system (CNS) tumours (e.g., ependymomas, astrocytomas). Additional features include early onset cataracts, optic nerve sheath meningiomas, retinal hamartomas, dermal schwannomas (i.e., NF2-plaques), and (few) café-au-lait spots. Clinically, NF2 children fall into two main groups: (1) congenital NF2 - with bilateral VSs detected as early as the first days to months of life, which can be stable/asymptomatic for one-two decades and suddenly progress; and (2) severe pre-pubertal (Wishart type) NF2- with multiple (and rapidly progressive) CNS tumours other-than-VS, which usually present first, years before VSs [vs. the classical adult (Gardner type) NF2, with bilateral VSs presenting in young adulthood, sometimes as the only disease feature]. Some individuals can develop unilateral VS associated with ipsilateral meningiomas or multiple schwannomas localised to one part of the peripheral nervous system [i.e., mosaic NF2] or multiple non-VS, non-intradermal cranial, spinal and peripheral schwannomas (histologically proven) [schwannomatosis]. NF2 is caused by mutations in the NF2 gene at chromosome 22q12.1, which encodes for a protein called merlin or schwannomin, most similar to the exrin-readixin-moesin (ERM) proteins; mosaicNF2 is due to mosaic phenomena for the NF2 gene, whilst schwannomatosis is caused by coupled germ-line and mosaic mutations either in the SMARCB1 gene [SWNTS1; MIM # 162091] or the LZTR1 gene [SWNTS2; MIM # 615670] both falling within the 22q region and the NF2 gene. Data driven from in vitro and animal studies on the merlin pathway [e.g., post-translational and upstream/downstream regulation] allowed biologically targeted treatment strategies [e.g., Lapatinib, Erlotinib, Bevacizumab] aimed to multiple tumour shrinkage and/or regression and tumour arrest of progression with functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruggieri
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy
| | - A D Praticò
- Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - S Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - P Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Licciardello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - P Milone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Radiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Privitera
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Radiology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Belfiore
- Unit of Paediatric Radiology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Pietro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Chiarenza
- Division of Hematology, AOU "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Muglia
- Unit of Genetics, Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Piano Lago di Mangone, Italy
| | - A Polizzi
- National Centre for Rare Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - D G Evans
- Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Human Development, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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Radiation-Induced Schwannomas and Neurofibromas: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2017; 104:713-722. [PMID: 28532923 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors are uncommon late complications of irradiation. We conducted the largest systematic review of individual patient data. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed databases and compiled a comprehensive literature review. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate survival, and statistical significance was assessed with a log-rank test. RESULTS We analyzed 40 cases of radiation-induced benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The histologic distributions were 28 schwannomas, 11 neurofibromas, and 1 ganglioneuroma. The average age of radiation exposure for development of primary lesions was 14.9 ± 15.5 years, and the latency period between radiotherapy to the onset of secondary tumors was 24.5 ± 12.7 years. The average irradiation dose delivered was 26.3 ± 20.3 Gy. The median overall survival for all cases was not reached (95% confidence interval, 22-not reached) months, with 10-year survival rates of 65.2%. Surgical negative margin was a positive prognostic factor for radiation-induced benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. CONCLUSIONS The risk of incidence of secondary benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients treated with radiotherapy should be considered in long-term follow-up periods. At present, complete surgical resection is the main stay for the treatment of radiation-induced benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
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Mossman BT. Cell Signaling and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mesothelioma. ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Subbiah V, Wagner MJ, McGuire MF, Sarwari NM, Devarajan E, Lewis VO, Westin S, Kato S, Brown RE, Anderson P. Personalized comprehensive molecular profiling of high risk osteosarcoma: Implications and limitations for precision medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40642-54. [PMID: 26510912 PMCID: PMC4747358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in molecular medicine over recent decades, there has been little advancement in the treatment of osteosarcoma. We performed comprehensive molecular profiling in two cases of metastatic and chemotherapy-refractory osteosarcoma to guide molecularly targeted therapy. Patients and Methods Hybridization capture of >300 cancer-related genes plus introns from 28 genes often rearranged or altered in cancer was applied to >50 ng of DNA extracted from tumor samples from two patients with recurrent, metastatic osteosarcoma. The DNA from each sample was sequenced to high, uniform coverage. Immunohistochemical probes and morphoproteomics analysis were performed, in addition to fluorescence in situ hybridization. All analyses were performed in CLIA-certified laboratories. Molecularly targeted therapy based on the resulting profiles was offered to the patients. Biomedical analytics were performed using QIAGEN's Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis. Results In Patient #1, comprehensive next-generation exome sequencing showed MET amplification, PIK3CA mutation, CCNE1 amplification, and PTPRD mutation. Immunohistochemistry-based morphoproteomic analysis revealed c-Met expression [(p)-c-Met (Tyr1234/1235)] and activation of mTOR/AKT pathway [IGF-1R (Tyr1165/1166), p-mTOR [Ser2448], p-Akt (Ser473)] and expression of SPARC and COX2. Targeted therapy was administered to match the P1K3CA, c-MET, and SPARC and COX2 aberrations with sirolimus+ crizotinib and abraxane+ celecoxib. In Patient #2, aberrations included NF2 loss in exons 2–16, PDGFRα amplification, and TP53 mutation. This patient was enrolled on a clinical trial combining targeted agents temsirolimus, sorafenib and bevacizumab, to match NF2, PDGFRα and TP53 aberrations. Both the patients did not benefit from matched therapy. Conclusions Relapsed osteosarcoma is characterized by complex signaling and drug resistance pathways. Comprehensive molecular profiling holds great promise for tailoring personalized therapies for cancer. Methods for such profiling are evolving and need to be refined to better assist clinicians in making treatment decisions based on the large amount of data that results from this type of testing. Further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary F McGuire
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nawid M Sarwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eswaran Devarajan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valerae O Lewis
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shanon Westin
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shumei Kato
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pete Anderson
- Department of of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Characterization of Clinical Cases of Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney Assessed by Comprehensive Genomic Profiling. Eur Urol 2016; 70:516-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bi WL, Abedalthagafi M, Horowitz P, Agarwalla PK, Mei Y, Aizer AA, Brewster R, Dunn GP, Al-Mefty O, Alexander BM, Santagata S, Beroukhim R, Dunn IF. Genomic landscape of intracranial meningiomas. J Neurosurg 2016; 125:525-35. [DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.jns15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasms in adults. Current histopathological grading schemes do not consistently predict their natural history. Classic cytogenetic studies have disclosed a progressive course of chromosomal aberrations, especially in high-grade meningiomas. Furthermore, the recent application of unbiased next-generation sequencing approaches has implicated several novel genes whose mutations underlie a substantial percentage of meningiomas. These insights may serve to craft a molecular taxonomy for meningiomas and highlight putative therapeutic targets in a new era of rational biology-informed precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Linda Bi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Peleg Horowitz
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Pankaj K. Agarwalla
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Yu Mei
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Ayal A. Aizer
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ryan Brewster
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Gavin P. Dunn
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Pathology, and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Brian M. Alexander
- 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sandro Santagata
- 2Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- 4Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital
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Bonelli MA, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Alfieri R. New therapeutic strategies for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 123:8-18. [PMID: 27431778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignant disease affecting the mesothelium, commonly associated to asbestos exposure. Therapeutic actions are limited due to the late stage at which most patients are diagnosed and the intrinsic chemo-resistance of the tumor. The recommended systemic therapy for MPM is cisplatin/pemetrexed regimen with a mean overall survival of about 12months and a median progression free survival of less than 6months. Considering that the incidence of this tumor is expected to increase in the next decade and that its prognosis is poor, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. For some tumors, such as lung cancer and breast cancer, druggable oncogenic alterations have been identified and targeted therapy is an important option for these patients. For MPM, clinical guidelines do not recommend biological targeted therapy, mainly because of poor target definition or inappropriate trial design. Further studies are required for a full comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of MPM and for the development of new target agents. This review updates pre-clinical and clinical data on the efficacy of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of mesothelioma. Finally, future perspectives in this deadly disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Bonelli
- Unit of Experimental Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Unit of Experimental Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Unit of Experimental Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Unit of Experimental Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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NF2 blocks Snail-mediated p53 suppression in mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10073-85. [PMID: 25823924 PMCID: PMC4496341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although asbestos causes malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), rising from lung mesothelium, the molecular mechanism has not been suggested until now. Extremely low mutation rate in classical tumor suppressor genes (such as p53 and pRb) and oncogenes (including Ras or myc) indicates that there would be MPM-specific carcinogenesis pathway. To address this, we treated silica to mimic mesothelioma carcinogenesis in mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC). Treatment of silica induced p-Erk and Snail through RKIP reduction. In addition, p53 and E-cadherin were decreased by silica-treatment. Elimination of Snail restored p53 expression. We found that NF2 (frequently deleted in MPM) inhibited Snail-mediated p53 suppression and was stabilized by RKIP. Importantly, GN25, an inhibitor of p53-Snail interaction, induced p53 and apoptosis. These results indicate that MPM can be induced by reduction of RKIP/NF2, which suppresses p53 through Snail. Thus, the p53-Snail binding inhibitor such as GN25 is a drug candidate for MPM.
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Mawrin C, Chung C, Preusser M. Biology and clinical management challenges in meningioma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e106-15. [PMID: 25993161 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most frequently occurring intracranial tumors. They are characterized by a broad spectrum of histopathologic appearance. Molecular alterations driving meningioma development, which affect the NF2 gene, are found in roughly 50% of patients. Rare genetic events in benign meningiomas are mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO; all of these mutations are exclusive of NF2 alterations. Progression to a clinically aggressive meningioma is linked to inactivation of CDKN2A/B genes, and a plethora of signaling molecules have been described as activated in meningiomas, which supports the concept of successful clinical use of specific inhibitors. Established treatments include surgical resection with or without radiotherapy delivered in a single fraction, a few large fractions (radiosurgery), or multiple fractions (fractionated radiotherapy). For recurrent and aggressive tumors, inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, such as vatalinib, bevacizumab, and sunitinib, showed signs of activity in small, uncontrolled studies, and prospective clinical studies will test the efficacy of the tetrahydroisoquinoline trabectedin and of SMO and AKT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mawrin
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Chung
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fogh SE, Johnson DR, Barker FG, Brastianos PK, Clarke JL, Kaufmann TJ, Oberndorfer S, Preusser M, Raghunathan A, Santagata S, Theodosopoulos PV. Case-Based Review: meningioma. Neurooncol Pract 2016; 3:120-134. [PMID: 31386096 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is by far the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. Treatment of meningioma is complex due to a tremendous amount of variability in tumor behavior. Many patients are incidentally found to have tumors that will remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. It is important to identify these patients so that they can be spared from potentially morbid interventions. On the other end of the spectrum, high-grade meningiomas can behave very aggressively. When treatment is necessary, surgical resection is the cornerstone of meningioma therapy. Studies spanning decades have demonstrated that extent of resection correlates with prognosis. Radiation therapy, either in the form of external beam radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery, represents another important therapeutic tool that can be used in place of or as a supplement to surgery. There are no chemotherapeutic agents of proven efficacy against meningioma, and chemotherapy treatment is generally reserved for patients who have exhausted surgical and radiotherapy options. Ongoing and future studies will help to answer unresolved questions such as the optimum use of radiation in resected WHO grade II meningiomas and the efficacy of additional chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Fogh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Derek R Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Fred G Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Timothy J Kaufmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Stephan Oberndorfer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
| | - Philip V Theodosopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (S.E.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (D.R.J., T.J.K.); Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (F.G.B.); Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (P.K.B.); Department of Neurology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (J.L.C.); Department of Neurology, Karl Landsteiner University Clinic, St Pölten, Austria (S.O.); Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, CCC, Austria (M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA (A.R.); Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA (P.V.T.)
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Ruggieri M, Praticò AD, Evans DG. Diagnosis, Management, and New Therapeutic Options in Childhood Neurofibromatosis Type 2 and Related Forms. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2015; 22:240-58. [PMID: 26706012 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2; MIM # 101000) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of vestibular schwannomas (VSs); schwannomas of other cranial, spinal, and cutaneous nerves; cranial and spinal meningiomas or other central nervous system tumors (eg, ependymomas and astrocytomas) or both. Additional features include eye (eg, early onset cataracts, optic nerve sheath meningiomas, retinal or pigment epithelial hamartomas or both, and epithelial retinal membranes) and skin abnormalities (eg, flat dermal [NF2 plaques] or spherical subcutaneous nodular schwannomas or both, and few, atypical café-au-lait spots). Clinically, children with NF2 fall into 2 main groups: (1) congenital NF2 with bilateral VSs detected as early as the first days to months of life, which can be stable or asymptomatic for 1-2 decades and suddenly progress; and (2) severe prepubertal (Wishart type) NF2 with multiple (and rapidly progressive) central nervous system tumors other-than-VS, which usually presents first, years before VSs, both associated with more marked skin and eye involvement (vs the classical mild adult [Gardner type] NF2, with bilateral VSs presenting in young adulthood, sometimes as the only disease feature). Individuals manifesting unilateral VS associated with ipsilateral meningiomas or multiple schwannomas localized to a part of the peripheral nervous system have mosaic or segmental NF2; individuals developing multiple nonVS, nonintradermal cranial, spinal, and peripheral schwannomas (histologically proven) have schwannomatosis (SWNTS). NF2 is caused by mutations in the NF2 gene at chromosome 22q12.1, which encodes for a protein called merlin or schwannomin, most similar to the exrin-readixin-moesin proteins; mosaic or segmental NF2 is because of mosaic phenomena for the NF2 gene, whereas SWNTS is caused by germline and possibly mosaic mutations either in the SMARCB1 gene (SWNTS1; MIM # 162091) or the LZTR1 gene (SWNTS2; MIM # 615670), both falling within the 22q region. Data driven from in vitro and animal studies on the merlin pathway allowed biologically targeted treatment strategies (employing Lapatinib, Erlotinib, Everolimus, Picropodophyllin, OSU.03012, Imatinib, Sorafenib, and Bevacizumab) aimed at multiple tumor shrinkage or regression or both and tumor arrest of progression with functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Domenico Praticò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dafydd Gareth Evans
- Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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Hilton DA, Shivane A, Kirk L, Bassiri K, Enki DG, Hanemann CO. Activation of multiple growth factor signalling pathways is frequent in meningiomas. Neuropathology 2015; 36:250-61. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Hilton
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology; Derriford Hospital; Plymouth UK
| | - Aditya Shivane
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology; Derriford Hospital; Plymouth UK
| | - Leanne Kirk
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology; Derriford Hospital; Plymouth UK
| | - Kayleigh Bassiri
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine; Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry; Plymouth UK
| | - Doyo G Enki
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry; Plymouth UK
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine; Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry; Plymouth UK
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Expression of ezrin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Prognostic impact and clinicopathological correlations. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1899-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Garcia-Rendueles MER, Ricarte-Filho JC, Untch BR, Landa I, Knauf JA, Voza F, Smith VE, Ganly I, Taylor BS, Persaud Y, Oler G, Fang Y, Jhanwar SC, Viale A, Heguy A, Huberman KH, Giancotti F, Ghossein R, Fagin JA. NF2 Loss Promotes Oncogenic RAS-Induced Thyroid Cancers via YAP-Dependent Transactivation of RAS Proteins and Sensitizes Them to MEK Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1178-93. [PMID: 26359368 PMCID: PMC4642441 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ch22q LOH is preferentially associated with RAS mutations in papillary and in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC). The 22q tumor suppressor NF2, encoding merlin, is implicated in this interaction because of its frequent loss of function in human thyroid cancer cell lines. Nf2 deletion or Hras mutation is insufficient for transformation, whereas their combined disruption leads to murine PDTC with increased MAPK signaling. Merlin loss induces RAS signaling in part through inactivation of Hippo, which activates a YAP-TEAD transcriptional program. We find that the three RAS genes are themselves YAP-TEAD1 transcriptional targets, providing a novel mechanism of promotion of RAS-induced tumorigenesis. Moreover, pharmacologic disruption of YAP-TEAD with verteporfin blocks RAS transcription and signaling and inhibits cell growth. The increased MAPK output generated by NF2 loss in RAS-mutant cancers may inform therapeutic strategies, as it generates greater dependency on the MAPK pathway for viability. SIGNIFICANCE Intensification of mutant RAS signaling through copy-number imbalances is commonly associated with transformation. We show that NF2/merlin inactivation augments mutant RAS signaling by promoting YAP/TEAD-driven transcription of oncogenic and wild-type RAS, resulting in greater MAPK output and increased sensitivity to MEK inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Order
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neurofibromin 2/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleotide Motifs
- Position-Specific Scoring Matrices
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio C Ricarte-Filho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian R Untch
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Iňigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Francesca Voza
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vicki E Smith
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yogindra Persaud
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gisele Oler
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Suresh C Jhanwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kety H Huberman
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Filippo Giancotti
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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47
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Par6G suppresses cell proliferation and is targeted by loss-of-function mutations in multiple cancers. Oncogene 2015; 35:1386-98. [PMID: 26073086 PMCID: PMC4800288 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiated epithelial structure communicates with individual constituent epithelial cells to suppress their proliferation activity. However, the pathways linking epithelial structure to cessation of the cell proliferation machinery or to unscheduled proliferation in the context of tumorigenesis are not well defined. Here we demonstrate the strong impact of compromised epithelial integrity on normal and oncogenic Myc-driven proliferation in three-dimensional mammary epithelial organoid culture. Systematic silencing of 34 human homologs of Drosophila genes, with previously established functions in control of epithelial integrity, demonstrates a role for human genes of apico-basal polarity, Wnt and Hippo pathways and actin dynamics in regulation of the size, integrity and cell proliferation in organoids. Perturbation of these pathways leads to diverse functional interactions with Myc: manifested as a RhoA-dependent synthetic lethality and Par6-dependent effects on the cell cycle. Furthermore, we show a role for Par6G as a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1/Akt pathway and epithelial cell proliferation and evidence for frequent inactivation of Par6G gene in epithelial cancers. The findings demonstrate that determinants of epithelial structure regulate the cell proliferation activity via conserved and cancer-relevant regulatory circuitries, which are important for epithelial cell cycle restriction and may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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48
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Felley-Bosco E, Stahel R. Hippo/YAP pathway for targeted therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:75-83. [PMID: 25806284 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is molecularly characterized by loss of function or mutations in the neurofibromin 2 (NF2) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 genes. NF2 activates a cascade of kinases, called Hippo pathway, which downregulates Yes associated protein (YAP) function as transcription co-activator for TEA domain transcription factors (TEAD). In the absence of functional NF2, the expression of genes essential for cell cycling such as survivin is increased. New therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with YAP activity include inhibition of hedgehog pathway, which downregulates the YAP protein, verteporfin, which inhibits the assembly of a functional YAP-TEAD transcription factor, and interference with thrombin and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors downstream signalling, since upon agonist binding they activate YAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital of Zürich, Häldeliweg 4, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Stahel
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital of Zürich, Häldeliweg 4, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Pachow D, Wick W, Gutmann DH, Mawrin C. The mTOR signaling pathway as a treatment target for intracranial neoplasms. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:189-99. [PMID: 25165193 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has become an attractive target for human cancer therapy. Hyperactivation of mTOR has been reported in both sporadic and syndromic (hereditary) brain tumors. In contrast to the large number of successful clinical trials employing mTOR inhibitors in different types of epithelial neoplasms, their use to treat intracranial neoplasms is more limited. In this review, we summarize the role of mTOR activation in brain tumor pathogenesis and growth relevant to new human brain tumor trials currently under way using mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Pachow
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (D.P., C.M.); Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (D.H.G.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurology Clinic & National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (D.P., C.M.); Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (D.H.G.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurology Clinic & National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.)
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (D.P., C.M.); Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (D.H.G.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurology Clinic & National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.)
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (D.P., C.M.); Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri (D.H.G.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, Neurology Clinic & National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (W.W.)
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