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Hegemann N, Bintig W, Perret PL, Rees J, Viperino A, Eickholt B, Kuebler WM, Höpfner M, Nitzsche B, Grune J. In-ovo echocardiography for application in cardiovascular research. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:19. [PMID: 37193927 PMCID: PMC10188421 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical cardiovascular research relies heavily on non-invasive in-vivo echocardiography in mice and rats to assess cardiac function and morphology, since the complex interaction of heart, circulation, and peripheral organs are challenging to mimic ex-vivo. While n-numbers of annually used laboratory animals worldwide approach 200 million, increasing efforts are made by basic scientists aiming to reduce animal numbers in cardiovascular research according to the 3R's principle. The chicken egg is well-established as a physiological correlate and model for angiogenesis research but has barely been used to assess cardiac (patho-) physiology. Here, we tested whether the established in-ovo system of incubated chicken eggs interfaced with commercially available small animal echocardiography would be a suitable alternative test system in experimental cardiology. To this end, we defined a workflow to assess cardiac function in 8-13-day-old chicken embryos using a commercially available high resolution ultrasound system for small animals (Vevo 3100, Fujifilm Visualsonics Inc.) equipped with a high frequency probe (MX700; centre transmit: 50 MHz). We provide detailed standard operating procedures for sample preparation, image acquisition, data analysis, reference values for left and right ventricular function and dimensions, and inter-observer variabilities. Finally, we challenged incubated chicken eggs with two interventions well-known to affect cardiac physiology-metoprolol treatment and hypoxic exposure-to demonstrate the sensitivity of in-ovo echocardiography. In conclusion, in-ovo echocardiography is a feasible alternative tool for basic cardiovascular research, which can easily be implemented into the small animal research environment using existing infrastructure to replace mice and rat experiments, and thus, reduce use of laboratory animals according to the 3R principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hegemann
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem Bintig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Lennard Perret
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Rees
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandra Viperino
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Eickholt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Der Charité (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Bär SI, Dittmer A, Nitzsche B, Ter-Avetisyan G, Fähling M, Klefenz A, Kaps L, Biersack B, Schobert R, Höpfner M. Chimeric HDAC and the cytoskeleton inhibitor broxbam as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:73. [PMID: 35485292 PMCID: PMC9097774 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broxbam, also known as N-hydroxy-4-{1-methoxy-4-[4′-(3′-bromo-4′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-oxazol-5′-yl]-2-phenoxy} butanamide, is a novel chimeric inhibitor that contains two distinct pharmacophores in its molecular structure. It has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the activity of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and tubulin polymerisation, two critical components required for cancer growth and survival. In the present study, the potential suitability of broxbam for the treatment of liver cancer was investigated. The effects of broxbam on cell proliferation and apoptosis, in addition to the under-lying molecular mechanism of action, were first investigated in primary liver cancer cell lines Huh7, HepG2, TFK1 and EGI1. Real-time proliferation measurements made using the iCEL-Ligence system and viable cell number counting following crystal violet staining) revealed that broxbam time- and dose-dependently reduced the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines with IC50 values <1 µM. In addition, a significant inhibition of the growth of hepatoblastoma microtumours on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of fertilised chicken eggs by broxbam was observed according to results from the CAM assay, suggesting antineoplastic potency in vivo. Broxbam also exerted apoptotic effects through p53- and mitochondria-driven caspase-3 activation in Huh7 and HepG2 cells according to data from western blotting (p53 and phosphorylated p53), mitochondrial membrane potential measurements (JC-1 assay) and fluorometric capsase-3 measurements. Notably, no contribution of unspecific cytotoxic effects mediated by broxbam were observed from LDH-release measurements. HDAC1, -2, -4 and -6 expression was measured by western blotting and the HDAC inhibitory potency of broxbam was next evaluated using subtype-specific HDAC enzymatic assays, which revealed a largely pan-HDAC inhibitory activity with the most potent inhibition observed on HDAC6. Silencing HDAC6 expression in Huh7 cells led to a drop in the expression of the proliferation markers Ki-67 and E2F3, suggesting that HDAC6 inhibition by broxbam may serve a predomi-nant role in their antiproliferative effects on liver cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining of cytoskeletal proteins (α-tubulin & actin) of broxbam-treated HepG2 cells revealed a pronounced inhibition of tubulin polymerisation, which was accompanied by reduced cell migration as determined by wound healing scratch assays. Finally, data from zebrafish angiogenesis assays revealed marked antiangiogenic effects of broxbam in vivo, as shown by the suppression of subintestinal vein growth in zebrafish embryos. To conclude, the pleiotropic anticancer activities of this novel chimeric HDAC- and tubulin inhibitor broxbam suggest that this compound is a promising candidate for liver cancer treatment, which warrants further pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Isolde Bär
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gohar Ter-Avetisyan
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fähling
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Klefenz
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Oh YS, Choi MH, Shin JI, Maza PAMA, Kwak JY. Co-Culturing of Endothelial and Cancer Cells in a Nanofibrous Scaffold-Based Two-Layer System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114128. [PMID: 32531897 PMCID: PMC7312426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for local tumor growth. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional two-layer co-culture system to investigate effects of cancer cells on the growth of endothelial cells (ECs). Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous membranes were generated via electrospinning of PCL in chloroform (C-PCL-M) and chloroform and dimethylformamide (C/DMF-PCL-M). We assembled a two-layer co-culture system using C-PCL-M and C/DMF-PCL-M for EC growth in the upper layer with co-cultured cancer cells in the lower layer. In the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), growth of bEND.3 ECs decreased on C/DMF-PCL-M but not on C-PCL-M with time. Growth of bEND.3 cells on C/DMF-PCL-M was enhanced through co-culturing of CT26 cancer cells and enhanced growth of bEND.3 cells was abrogated with anti-VEGF antibodies and sorafenib. However, EA.hy926 ECs displayed steady growth and proliferation on C/DMF-PCL-M, and their growth was not further increased through co-culturing of cancer cells. Moreover, chemical hypoxia in CT26 cancer cells upon treatment with CoCl2 enhanced the growth of co-cultured bEND.3 cells in the two-layer system. Thus, EC growth on the nanofibrous scaffold is dependent on the types of ECs and composition of nanofibers and this co-culture system can be used to analyze EC growth induced by cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-H.C.); (J.-I.S.); (P.A.M.A.M.)
| | - Min-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-H.C.); (J.-I.S.); (P.A.M.A.M.)
- Immune Network Pioneer Research Center & 3D Immune System Imaging Core Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jung-In Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-H.C.); (J.-I.S.); (P.A.M.A.M.)
| | - Perry Ayn Mayson A. Maza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-H.C.); (J.-I.S.); (P.A.M.A.M.)
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (M.-H.C.); (J.-I.S.); (P.A.M.A.M.)
- Immune Network Pioneer Research Center & 3D Immune System Imaging Core Center, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-5064
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Maibier M, Bintig W, Goede A, Höpfner M, Kuebler WM, Secomb TW, Nitzsche B, Pries AR. Gap junctions regulate vessel diameter in chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature by both tone-dependent and structural mechanisms. Microcirculation 2019; 27:e12590. [PMID: 31520425 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the impact of gap junction blockade on chick chorioallantoic membrane microvessels. METHODS Expression of Cx37, Cx40/42, and Cx43 in chick chorioallantoic membrane tissue was studied by PCR, Western blot, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Vessel diameter changes occurring under gap junction blockade with carbenoxolone (175 µmol/L), palmitoleic acid (100 µmol/L), 43 GAP27 (1 mmol/L) were analyzed by intravital microscopy. To analyze vascular tone, chick chorioallantoic membrane vessels were exposed to a vasodilator cocktail consisting of acetylcholine (10 μmol/L), adenosine (100 μmol/L), papaverine (200 μmol/L), and sodium nitroprusside (10 μmol/L). RESULTS In chick chorioallantoic membrane lysates, Western blot analysis revealed the expression of Cx40 and Cx43. Immunofluorescence in intact chick chorioallantoic membrane vasculature showed only Cx43, limited to arterial vessel walls. Upon gap junction blockade (3 hours) arterial and venous diameters decreased to 0.50 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.06 (carbenoxolone), 0.72 ± 0.08 and 0.63 ± 0.15 (palmitoleic acid) and 0.77 ± 0.004 and 0.58 ± 0.05 (GAP27), relative to initial values. Initially, diameter decrease was dominated by increasing vascular tone. After 6 hours, however, vessel tone was reduced, suggesting structural network remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a major role for connexins in mediating acute and chronic diameter changes in developing vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maibier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem Bintig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry & Neuro Cure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrean Goede
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Pries
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Schmitt F, Schobert R, Biersack B. New pyranoquinoline derivatives as vascular-disrupting anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Schmitt F, Gold M, Rothemund M, Andronache I, Biersack B, Schobert R, Mueller T. New naphthopyran analogues of LY290181 as potential tumor vascular-disrupting agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:160-168. [PMID: 30503940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 19 analogues of the antiproliferative naphthopyran LY290181 were prepared for structure-activity relationship studies. We found the best activities for test compounds bearing small substituents at the meta position of the phenyl ring. The mode of action of LY290181 and eight new analogues was studied in detail. The compounds were highly anti-proliferative with IC50 values in the sub-nanomolar to triple-digit nanomolar range. The new analogues led to G2/M arrest due to interruption of the microtubule dynamics. In 518A2 melanoma cells they caused a mitotic catastrophe which eventually led to apoptosis. The naphthopyrans also induced a disruption of the vasculature in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs as well as in xenograft tumors in mice. In a preliminary therapy trial, the difluoro derivative 2b retarded the growth of resistant xenograft tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Madeleine Gold
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Rothemund
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ion Andronache
- University of Bucharest, Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, 4-12, Regina Elisabeta Avenue, Bucharest, 3rd District, 030018, Romania
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle, Germany
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7
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Schmidtova S, Kalavska K, Kucerova L. Molecular Mechanisms of Cisplatin Chemoresistance and Its Circumventing in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:88. [PMID: 30259297 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. Majority of TGCTs respond well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, patients with refractory disease have limited treatment modalities associated with poor prognosis. Here, we discuss the main molecular mechanisms associated with acquired cisplatin resistance in TGCTs and how their understanding might help in the development of new approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem. We also discuss recent data on the strategies of circumventing the cisplatin resistance from different tumor types potentially efficient also in TGCTs. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data regarding deregulation of various signaling pathways as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant TGCTs have contributed to understanding of the mechanisms related to the resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in these tumors. Understanding of these mechanisms enabled explaining why majority but not all TGCTs patients are curable with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Moreover, it could lead to the development of more effective treatment of refractory TGCTs and potentially other solid tumors resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. This review provides additional insights into mechanisms associated with cisplatin resistance in TGCTs, which is a complex phenomenon, and there is a need for novel modalities to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schmidtova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenová 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenová 1, Bratislava, 833 10, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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8
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New (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes of 4‑aryl‑4H‑naphthopyrans with anticancer and anti-vascular activities. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 184:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Jennewein L, Bartsch G, Gust K, Kvasnicka HM, Haferkamp A, Blaheta R, Mittelbronn M, Harter PN, Mani J. Increased tumor vascularization is associated with the amount of immune competent PD-1 positive cells in testicular germ cell tumors. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9852-9860. [PMID: 29928359 PMCID: PMC6004709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell cancer in a metastatic state is curable with a cisplatin-based first line chemotherapy. However, 10-15% of these patients are resistant to first line chemotherapy and are thus left with only palliative options. Immunotherapies and inhibition of angiogenesis used in multiple types of cancer; however, the molecular context of angiogenesis and immune checkpoints in the development and progression of testicular cancers is still unknown. Therefore, the present study performed tissue micro array based analysis of 84 patients with immunohistochemistry of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) of testicular cancer and corresponding normal appearing testis tissue, matching the results with clinical data. The results demonstrated that PD-L1 was significantly upregulated in testicular tumors and that PD-1 positive cells significantly infiltrated the testicular tumor when compared with normal testicular tissue. VEGFR2 was significantly upregulated in testicular cancer. It was indicated that PD-1 expressing cytotoxic cells may require pathologic tumor vessels to pass the blood-testis-barrier in order to migrate into the tumor. Notably, when matching the clinical data for PD-1, PD-L1 and VEGFR2 there were no differences in expression in the different International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group stages of non-seminoma. These data suggested that the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the anti-angiogenic therapy, sequentially or in combination, may be a promising option in the treatment of testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jennewein
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kilian Gust
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Michael Kvasnicka
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Mani
- Department of Urology, Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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10
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Schmidt J, Kuzyniak W, Berkholz J, Steinemann G, Ogbodu R, Hoffmann B, Nouailles G, Gürek AG, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Novel zinc‑ and silicon‑phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:534-546. [PMID: 29693115 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective and minimally invasive cancer treatment modality. In the present study, two novel phthalocyanines, tetra‑triethyleneoxysulfonyl substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and dihydroxy‑2,9(10),16(17),23(24)‑tetrakis(4,7,10‑trioxaundecan‑1‑sulfonyl) silicon phthalocyanine (Pc32), were investigated as photosensitizers (PS) for PDT of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). ZnPc showed a pronounced dose‑dependent and predominantly cytoplasmic accumulation in EGI‑1 and TFK‑1 CC cell lines. Pc32 also accumulated in the CC cells, but this was less pronounced. Without photoactivation, the PS did not exhibit any antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects. Upon photoactivation, ZnPc induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and immediate phototoxicity, leading to a dose‑dependent decrease in cell proliferation, and an induction of mitochondria‑driven apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of EGI‑1 and TFK‑1 cells. Although photoactivated Pc32 also induced ROS formation in the two cell lines, the extent was less marked, compared with that induced by ZnPc‑PDT, and pronounced antipoliferative effects occurred only in the less differentiated EGI‑1 cells, whereas the more differentiated TFK‑1 cells did not show sustained growth inhibition upon Pc32‑PDT induction. In vivo examinations on the antiangiogenic potency of the novel PS were performed using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays, which revealed reduced angiogenic sprouting with a concomitant increase in nonperfused regions and degeneration of the vascular network of the CAM following induction with ZnPc‑PDT only. The study demonstrated the pronounced antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potency of ZnPc as a novel PS for PDT, meriting further elucidation as a promising PS for the photodynamic treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schmidt
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weronika Kuzyniak
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinemann
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Racheal Ogbodu
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‑Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D‑10117 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Adaramoye OA, Erguen B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Jung K, Rabien A. Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:403-412. [PMID: 28599387 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that fruit methanol extract from Xylopia aethiopica (MEXA) exhibited antiproliferative activity in human cervical cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects of MEXA on prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP). METHODS PC-3 and LNCaP cells were cultured and treated with MEXA (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. DNA fragmentation was determined by cell death detection ELISA plus, and angiogenesis was assessed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The antioxidant activities of MEXA were determined by DPPH and hydroxyl (OH) radicals' scavenging methods as well as through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats' liver homogenate. RESULTS MEXA at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL scavenged DPPH by 48%, 62%, 70% and OH radical by 39%, 58%, 67%, respectively. MEXA significantly (p<0.05) inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MEXA had antiproliferative effects on PC-3 and LNCaP with IC50 of 62.1 and 73.6 μg/mL, respectively, at 96 h. The LDH assay showed that MEXA had low toxicity in vitro at its IC50 values. The extent of DNA fragmentation by MEXA showed higher values in PC-3 and LNCaP, suggesting the possible induction of apoptosis. In contrast, MEXA did not affect the network of vessels in CAM, thus lacking anti-angiogenic property. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MEXA induces antiproliferative activity in PCa cells through a mechanism that involves apoptosis. Therefore, MEXA may be a potential therapeutic agent for PCa.
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12
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Zhang JJ, Muenzner JK, Abu El Maaty MA, Karge B, Schobert R, Wölfl S, Ott I. A multi-target caffeine derived rhodium(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complex: evaluation of the mechanism of action. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:13161-8. [PMID: 27334935 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(i) and a ruthenium(ii) complex with a caffeine derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were biologically investigated as organometallic conjugates consisting of a metal center and a naturally occurring moiety. While the ruthenium(ii) complex was largely inactive, the rhodium(i) NHC complex displayed selective cytotoxicity and significant anti-metastatic and in vivo anti-vascular activities and acted as both a mammalian and an E. coli thioredoxin reductase inhibitor. In HCT-116 cells it increased the reactive oxygen species level, leading to DNA damage, and it induced cell cycle arrest, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered apoptosis. This rhodium(i) NHC derivative thus represents a multi-target compound with promising anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Abu El Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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13
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Schmitt F, Gold M, Begemann G, Andronache I, Biersack B, Schobert R. Fluoro and pentafluorothio analogs of the antitumoral curcuminoid EF24 with superior antiangiogenic and vascular-disruptive effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4894-4903. [PMID: 28774574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Steinemann G, Dittmer A, Kuzyniak W, Hoffmann B, Schrader M, Schobert R, Biersack B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Animacroxam, a Novel Dual-Mode Compound Targeting Histone Deacetylases and Cytoskeletal Integrity of Testicular Germ Cell Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2364-2374. [PMID: 28838999 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches for the medical treatment of advanced solid tumors, including testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), are desperately needed. Especially, TGCT patients not responding to cisplatin-based therapy need therapeutic alternatives, as there is no effective medical treatment available for this particular subgroup. Here, we studied the suitability of the novel dual-mode compound animacroxam for TGCT treatment. Animacroxam consists of an HDAC-inhibitory hydroxamate moiety coupled to a 4,5-diarylimidazole with inherent cytoskeleton disrupting potency. Animacroxam revealed pronounced antiproliferative, cell-cycle arresting, and apoptosis-inducing effects in TGCT cell lines with different cisplatin sensitivities. The IC50 values of animacroxam ranged from 0.22 to 0.42 μmol/L and were not correlated to the cisplatin sensitivity of the tumor cells. No unspecific cytotoxicity of animacroxam was observed in either cisplatin-sensitive or resistant TGCT cells, even at doses as high as 10 μmol/L. Furthermore, animacroxam induced the formation of actin stress fibers in cancer cells, thereby confirming the cytoskeleton-disrupting and antimigratory properties of its imidazole moiety. When compared with the clinically established HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, the novel dual-mode compound animacroxam exhibited superior antitumoral efficacy in vitro Animacroxam also reduced the tumor size of TGCT tumors in vivo, as evidenced by performing xenograft experiments on tumor bearing chorioallantoic membranes of fertilizes chicken eggs (CAM assay). The in vivo experiments also revealed a very good tolerability of the compound, and hence, animacroxam may be a promising candidate for innovative treatment of TGCT in general and the more so for platinum-insensitive or refractory TGCT. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2364-74. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Steinemann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology
| | - Alexandra Dittmer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology
| | - Weronika Kuzyniak
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology
| | - Björn Hoffmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology
| | - Mark Schrader
- Clinic of Urology, Helios Clinic Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology.
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15
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Adaramoye O, Erguen B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Jung K, Rabien A. Punicalagin, a polyphenol from pomegranate fruit, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:100-106. [PMID: 28709945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an international health problem and search for its effective treatment is in progress. Punicalagin (PN), polyphenol from pomegranate fruit, is known to exhibit potent anticancer activity in lung, breast and cervical cells. However, there is paucity of information on its effect in PCa. This study evaluated anti-proliferative effects of PN and its effects on extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in PCa cells, and angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Antioxidant activities of PN were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) methods. PCa (PC-3 and LNCaP) and normal prostate (BPH-1) cells were cultured and treated with PN (10, 50 and 100 μM). Cytotoxicity and viability effects of PN were determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and XTT assays, respectively. Antiangiogenic effects were measured using CAM assay, while apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation, enrichment factor by Cell Death Detection ELISA kit and expressions of caspases-3 and -8. Results showed that PN (10-200 μM) significantly scavenged DPPH and inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PN (10-100 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited viability in PC-3 and LNCaP, while viability in BPH-1 was insignificantly affected. PN had low toxicity on cells in vitro at concentrations tested. Also, PN (100 μM) increased enrichment factor in PC-3 (2.34 ± 0.05) and LNCaP (2.31 ± 0.26) relative to control (1.00 ± 0.00). In addition, PN (50 μM) decreased the network of vessels in CAM, suggesting its anti-angiogenic effect. Moreso, PN increased the expressions of caspases-3 and -8 in PC-3. Overall, PN exerts anti-proliferative activity in PCa cells via induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Section, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Bettina Erguen
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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Kuzyniak W, Schmidt J, Glac W, Berkholz J, Steinemann G, Hoffmann B, Ermilov EA, Gürek AG, Ahsen V, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M. Novel zinc phthalocyanine as a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic treatment of esophageal cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:953-963. [PMID: 28098886 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gathered much attention in the field of cancer treatment and is increasingly used as an alternative solution for esophageal cancer therapy. However, there is a constant need for improving the effectiveness and tolerability of the applied photosensitizers (PS). Here, we propose tetra-triethyleneoxysulfonyl substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as a promising PS for photodynamic treatment of esophageal cancer. ZnPc-induced phototoxicity was studied in two human esophageal cancer cell lines: OE-33 (adenocarcinoma) and Kyse-140 (squamous cell carcinoma). In vitro studies focused on the uptake and intracellular distribution of the novel ZnPc as well as on its growth inhibitory potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and the induction of apoptosis. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM assay) and studies on native Wistar rats were employed to determine the antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activity of ZnPc-PDT as well as the tolerability and safety of non-photoactivated ZnPc in vivo. ZnPc was taken up by cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and showed a homogeneous cytoplasmic distribution. Photoactivation of ZnPc-loaded (1-10 µM) cells led to a dose-dependent growth inhibition of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells of >90%. The antiproliferative effect was based on ROS-induced cytotoxicity and the induction of mitochondria-driven apoptosis. In vivo studies on esophageal tumor plaques grown on the CAM revealed pronounced antiangiogenic and antineoplastic effects. ZnPc-PDT caused long-lasting changes in the vascular architecture and a marked reduction of tumor feeding blood vessels. Animal studies confirmed the good tolerability and systemic safety of ZnPc, as no changes in immunological, behavioral and organic parameters could be detected upon treatment with the non-photoactivated ZnPc. Our findings show the extraordinary photoactive potential of the novel ZnPc as a photosensitizer for PDT of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kuzyniak
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schmidt
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wojciech Glac
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustav Steinemann
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Hoffmann
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugeny A Ermilov
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division Biophotonics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most frequent malignancy in male patients between 15 and 45 years of age. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy shows excellent cure rates, but patients with cisplatin-resistant GCTs have a poor prognosis. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120, Vargatef) inhibits the receptor classes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, and has shown activity against many tumors, as well as in idiopathic lung fibrosis and bleomycin-induced lung injury. Here, we investigated the antineoplastic and antiangiogenic properties of nintedanib in cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive GCT cells, both alone and in combination with classical cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of nintedanib was 4.5 ± 0.43 μmol/l, 3.1 ± 0.45 μmol/l, and 3.6 ± 0.33 μmol/l in cisplatin-sensitive NTERA2, 2102Ep, and NCCIT cells, whereas the IC50 doses of the cisplatin-resistant counterparts were 6.6 ± 0.37 μmol/l (NTERA2-R), 4.5 ± 0.83 μmol/l (2102Ep-R), and 6.1 ± 0.41 μmol/l (NCCIT-R), respectively. Single treatment with nintedanib induced apoptosis and resulted in a sustained reduction in the capacity of colony formation in both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant GCT cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that nintedanib induced a strong G0/G1-phase arrest in all investigated cell lines. Combination treatment with cisplatin did not result in additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects. The in-vivo activity was studied using the chorioallantoic membrane assay and indicated the antiangiogenic potency of nintedanib with markedly reduced microvessel density. Topical treatment of inoculated tumor plaques resulted in a significant reduction of the tumor size. This indicates that nintedanib might be a promising substance in the treatment of GCT.
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18
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Mahal K, Biersack B, Schruefer S, Resch M, Ficner R, Schobert R, Mueller T. Combretastatin A-4 derived 5-(1-methyl-4-phenyl-imidazol-5-yl)indoles with superior cytotoxic and anti-vascular effects on chemoresistant cancer cells and tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:9-20. [PMID: 27116710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-(1-Methyl-4-phenyl-imidazol-5-yl)indoles 5 were prepared and tested as analogs of the natural vascular-disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). The 3-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl derivative 5c was far more active than CA-4 with low nanomolar IC50 concentrations against multidrug-resistant KB-V1/Vbl cervix and MCF-7/Topo mamma carcinoma cells, and also against CA-4-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. While not interfering markedly with the polymerization of tubulin in vitro, indole 5c completely disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton of cancer cells at low concentrations. It also destroyed real blood vessels, both in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs and within tumor xenografts in mice, without harming embryo or mouse, respectively. Indole 5c was less toxic than CA-4 to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes. In highly vascularized xenograft tumors 5c induced distinct discolorations and histological features typical of vascular-disrupting agents, such as disrupted vessel structures, hemorrhages, and extensive necrosis. In a first preliminary therapy trial, indole 5c retarded the growth of resistant xenograft tumors in mice. © 2016 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Resch
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany
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Kuzyniak W, Ermilov EA, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Nitzsche B, Derkow K, Hoffmann B, Steinemann G, Ahsen V, Höpfner M. Tetra-triethyleneoxysulfonyl substituted zinc phthalocyanine for photodynamic cancer therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Mahal K, Kahlen P, Biersack B, Schobert R. 4-(1-Ethyl-4-anisyl-imidazol-5-yl)-N-hydroxycinnamide – A new pleiotropic HDAC inhibitor targeting cancer cell signalling and cytoskeletal organisation. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:263-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Muenzner JK, Rehm T, Biersack B, Casini A, de Graaf IAM, Worawutputtapong P, Noor A, Kempe R, Brabec V, Kasparkova J, Schobert R. Adjusting the DNA Interaction and Anticancer Activity of Pt(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes by Steric Shielding of the Trans Leaving Group. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6283-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela Casini
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge A. M. de Graaf
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pawida Worawutputtapong
- Department
of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute
of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department
of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu
12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Adaramoye O, Erguen B, Oyebode O, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Jung K, Rabien A. Antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activities of root methanol extract of Calliandra portoricensis in human prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:185-93. [PMID: 26006031 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern. Calliandra portoricensis (CP) is traditionally known for its analgesic, anti-ulcerogenic and anticonvulsant properties. However, its antiproliferative properties for PCa still need to be investigated. METHODS Antioxidant activities of CP were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH(-)) radicals-scavenging methods. PC-3 and LNCaP (androgen-refractory and androgen-dependent PCa-derived cell lines) were cultured and treated with CP (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). Effects of CP on cells were determined by cytotoxicity assay (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) and viability assay (sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate, XTT). DNA fragmentation was detected by cell death detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plus kit. CP was tested as an inhibitor of angiogenesis using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. RESULTS CP showed significant scavenging of DPPH and OH(-) radicals. CP significantly (P<0.05) inhibited lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Precisely, CP (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) inhibited PC-3 and LNCaP growth by 7%, 74% and 92%, and 27%, 73%, and 85% respectively at 48 h. CP had low toxicity in vitro at its half inhibitory concentration dose. Detection of cell death induced by CP at 50 μg/mL showed higher enrichment factors in LNCaP (7.38±0.95) than PC-3 (3.48±0.55). Also, treatment with CP (50 μg/mL) significantly reduced network of vessels in CAM, suggesting its antiangiogenic potential. CONCLUSION Calliandra portoricensis elicited antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Erguen
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, 10117 Berlinermany
| | - Olubukola Oyebode
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics Section, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 20005, Nigeria
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Charite, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Charite, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, 10117 Berlinermany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charite, 10117 Berlinermany
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Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:268.e17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mahal K, Biersack B, Caysa H, Schobert R, Mueller T. Combretastatin A-4 derived imidazoles show cytotoxic, antivascular, and antimetastatic effects based on cytoskeletal reorganisation. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:541-54. [PMID: 25678082 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural cis-stilbene which interferes with the cellular tubulin dynamics and which selectively destroys tumour blood vessels. Its pharmacological shortcomings such as insufficient chemical stability, water solubility, and cytotoxicity can be remedied by employing its imidazole derivatives. METHODS We studied 11 halogenated imidazole derivatives of CA-4 for their effects on the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons of cancer and endothelial cells and on the propensity of these cells to migrate across tissue barriers or to form blood vessel-like tubular structures. RESULTS A series of N-methyl-4-aryl-5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-imidazoles proved far more efficacious than the lead CA-4 in growth inhibition assays against CA-4-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma cells and generally more selective for cancer over nonmalignant cells. Et-brimamin (6), the most active compound, inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines with IC50 (72 h) values in the low nanomolar range. Active imidazoles such as 6 reduced the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells by initiating the formation of actin stress fibres and focal adhesions as a response to the extensive microtubule disruption. The antimetastatic properties were ascertained in 3D-transwell migration assays which simulated the transgression of highly invasive melanoma cells through the extracellular matrix of solid tumours and through the endothelium of blood vessels. The studied imidazoles exhibited vascular-disrupting effects also against tumour xenografts that are refractory to CA-4. They were also less toxic and better tolerated by mice. CONCLUSIONS We deem the new imidazoles promising drug candidates for combination regimens with antiangiogenic VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Biological evaluation of 4,5-diarylimidazoles with hydroxamic acid appendages as novel dual mode anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:691-700. [PMID: 25618416 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New (4-aryl-1-methylimidazol-5-yl)cinnamoylhydroxamic acids were prepared as potential dual mode anticancer agents combining the antivascular effect of the 4,5-diarylimidazole moiety and the histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition by the cinnamoyl hydroxamate. METHODS Their antiproliferative activity against a panel of primary cells and cancer cell lines was determined by MTT assays and their apoptosis induction by caspase-3 activation. Their ability to reduce the activity of HDAC was measured by enzymatic assays and Western blot analyses of cellular HDAC substrates. Additional effects on cancer cell migration were ascertained via immunofluorescence staining of cytoskeleton components and three-dimensional migration assays. The chorioallantoic membrane assay was used as an in vivo model to assess their antiangiogenic properties. RESULTS The 4-phenyl- and 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-imidazole derivatives had a greater antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effect in a variety of cancer cell lines when compared with the approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA, and most distinctly so in non-malignant human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Like SAHA, both compounds acted as pan-HDAC inhibitors. In 518A2 melanoma cells, they led to hyperacetylation of histones and of the cytoplasmic HDAC6 substrate alpha-tubulin. As a consequence, they inhibited the migration and invasion of these cells in transwell invasion assays. In keeping with its pronounced impact on endothelial cells, the 4-phenyl-imidazole derivative also inhibited the growth and sprouting of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized hen eggs. CONCLUSIONS The 4-phenyl- and 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-imidazole compounds combine the antivascular effects of 4,5-diarylimidazoles with HDAC inhibition by cinnamoyl hydroxamates and show additional antimetastatic activity. They are promising candidates for pleiotropic HDAC inhibitors.
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Kuzyniak W, Adegoke O, Sekhosana K, D’Souza S, Tshangana SC, Hoffmann B, Ermilov EA, Nyokong T, Höpfner M. Synthesis and characterization of quantum dots designed for biomedical use. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Muenzner JK, Biersack B, Kalie H, Andronache IC, Kaps L, Schuppan D, Sasse F, Schobert R. Gold(I) biscarbene complexes derived from vascular-disrupting combretastatin A-4 address different targets and show antimetastatic potential. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1195-204. [PMID: 24648184 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gold N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are an emerging class of anticancer drugs. We present a series of gold(I) biscarbene complexes with NHC ligands derived from the plant metabolite combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) that retain its vascular-disrupting effect, yet address different cellular and protein targets. Unlike CA-4, these complexes did not interfere with tubulin, but with the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial and cancer cells. For the highly metastatic 518A2 melanoma cell line this effect was accompanied by a marked accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and a suppression of active prometastatic matrix metalloproteinase-2. Despite these mechanistic differences the complexes were as strongly antivascular as CA-4 both in vitro in tube formation assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and in vivo as to blood vessel disruption in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken eggs. The antiproliferative effect of the new gold biscarbene complexes in a panel of six human cancer cell lines was impressive, with low sub-micromolar IC50 values (72 h) even against CA-4-refractory HT-29 colon and multidrug-resistant MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. In preliminary studies with a mouse melanoma xenograft model the complexes led to significant decreases in tumor volume while being very well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne K Muenzner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
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Mahal K, Resch M, Ficner R, Schobert R, Biersack B, Mueller T. Effects of the tumor-vasculature-disrupting agent verubulin and two heteroaryl analogues on cancer cells, endothelial cells, and blood vessels. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:847-54. [PMID: 24678059 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two analogues of the discontinued tumor vascular-disrupting agent verubulin (Azixa®, MPC-6827, 1) featuring benzo-1,4-dioxan-6-yl (compound 5 a) and N-methylindol-5-yl (compound 10) residues instead of the para-anisyl group on the 4-(methylamino)-2-methylquinazoline pharmacophore, were prepared and found to exceed the antitumor efficacy of the lead compound. They were antiproliferative with single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against a panel of nine tumor cell lines, while not affecting nonmalignant fibroblasts. Indole 10 surpassed verubulin in seven tumor cell lines including colon, breast, ovarian, and germ cell cancer cell lines. In line with docking studies indicating that compound 10 may bind the colchicine binding site of tubulin more tightly (Ebind =-9.8 kcal mol(-1) ) than verubulin (Ebind =-8.3 kcal mol(-1) ), 10 suppressed the formation of vessel-like tubes in endothelial cells and destroyed the blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs at nanomolar concentrations. When applied to nude mice bearing a highly vascularized 1411HP germ cell xenograft tumor, compound 10 displayed pronounced vascular-disrupting effects that led to hemorrhages and extensive central necrosis in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mahal
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany)
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Juliachs M, Vidal A, Del Muro XG, Piulats JM, Condom E, Casanovas O, Graupera M, Germà JR, Villanueva A, Viñals F. Effectivity of pazopanib treatment in orthotopic models of human testicular germ cell tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:382. [PMID: 23937707 PMCID: PMC3751347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is still a clinical challenge, and one associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this work was to test pazopanib, an anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic multikinase inhibitor, and its combination with lapatinib (an anti-ErbB inhibitor) in mouse orthotopic models of human testicular GCTs. Methods We used two different models of human testicular GCTs orthotopically grown in nude mice; a CDDP-sensitive choriocarcinoma (TGT38) and a new orthotopic model generated from a metastatic GCT refractory to first-line CDDP chemotherapy (TGT44). Nude mice implanted with these orthotopic tumors were treated with the inhibitors and the effect on tumoral growth and angiogenesis was evaluated. Results TGT44 refractory tumor had an immunohistochemical profile similar to the original metastasis, with characteristics of yolk sac tumor. TGT44 did not respond when treated with cisplatin. In contrast, pazopanib had an anti-angiogenic effect and anti-tumor efficacy in this model. Pazopanib in combination with lapatinib in TGT38, an orthotopic model of choriocarcinoma had an additive effect blocking tumor growth. Conclusions We present pazopanib as a possible agent for the alternative treatment of CDDP-sensitive and CDDP-refractory GCT patients, alone or in combination with anti-ErbB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Juliachs
- Laboratori de Recerca Translacional, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
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Nitzsche B, Gloesenkamp C, Schrader M, Hoffmann B, Zengerling F, Balabanov S, Honecker F, Höpfner M. Anti-tumour activity of two novel compounds in cisplatin-resistant testicular germ cell cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 107:1853-63. [PMID: 23169338 PMCID: PMC3504942 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in testicular germ cell cancer, emphasising the need for new therapeutic approaches. In this respect, the therapeutic concept of anti-angiogenesis is of particular interest. In a previous study, we presented two novel anti-angiogenic compounds, HP-2 and HP-14, blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of angiogenic growth factor receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and related signalling pathways in testicular cancer. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of these new compounds in platinum-resistant testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs), in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Drug-induced changes in cell proliferation of the cisplatin-sensitive TGCT cell line 2102EP and its cisplatin-resistant counterpart 2102EP-R, both expressing the VEGFR-2, were evaluated by crystal violet staining. Both compounds inhibited the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination experiments with cisplatin, HP-14 revealed additive growth-inhibitory effects in TGCT cells, irrespective of the level of cisplatin resistance. Anti-angiogenic effects of HP compounds were confirmed by tube formation assays with freshly isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Using TGCT cells inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilised chicken eggs (chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay), the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative potency of the novel compounds was also demonstrated in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed changes in the expression pattern of genes related to DNA damage detection and repair, as well as in chaperone function after treatment with both cisplatin and HP-14, alone or in combination. This suggests that HP-14 can revert the lost effectiveness of cisplatin in the resistant cells by altering the expression of critical genes. CONCLUSION The novel compound HP-14 effectively inhibits the growth of cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells and suppresses tumour angiogenesis. Thus, HP-14 may be an interesting new agent that should be further explored for TGCT treatment, especially in TGCTs that are resistant to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Low Frequency of HIF-1α Overexpression in Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 21:165-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31825e00b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodrigues JR, Charris J, Camacho J, Barazarte A, Gamboa N, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Lein M, Jung K, Abramjuk C. N′-Formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide as a potential anti-tumour agent for prostate cancer in experimental studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:411-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Benzothiazoles (BZTs) represent organic compounds with different biological actions. In this study we aimed to investigate ten newly synthesized BZT derivatives as potential anti-tumour agents against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
The cytotoxic effect of these compounds was screened on the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. The most effective compound, N′-formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide, was further characterized regarding its dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability and proliferation (XTT test) as well as on adhesion and spreading (real-time cell analyzer xCelligence), migration (scratch-wound repair assay) and invasion (Boyden chamber) of the cells. This BZT derivative was also tested as an inhibitor of angiogenesis (chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay), clonogenic activity (soft agar) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatin zymography).
Key findings
N′-Formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide significantly inhibited all tested properties of the prostate cancer cell lines and showed low toxic in vitro and in vivo effects. The in vitro anti-tumour activity of this compound was confirmed by the in vivo effects on PC-3 xenografts in nude mice. Tumour growth was decreased in treated compared with untreated mice.
Conclusions
These results suggest the potential capacity of BZTs and in particular N′-formyl-2-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)benzothiazole-6-carbohydrazide as anti-tumour agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Rodrigues
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaime Charris
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José Camacho
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Arthur Barazarte
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Neira Gamboa
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Department of Physiology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lein
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Teaching Hospital, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Abramjuk
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Targeted therapies in the treatment of germ cell tumors: The need for new approaches against “orphan” tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83:444-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Effect of quinolinyl acrylate derivatives on prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1426-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Third-Line Chemotherapy and Novel Agents for Metastatic Germ Cell Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:577-91, ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:303-10. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328346cbfa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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