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Natarajan S, Govender K, Shobo A, Baijnath S, Arvidsson PI, Govender T, Lin J, Maguire GE, Naicker T, Kruger HG. Potential of brain mast cells for therapeutic application in the immune response to bacterial and viral infections. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147524. [PMID: 34015358 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of microorganisms can infect the central nervous system (CNS). The immune response of the CNS provides limited protection against microbes penetrating the blood-brain barrier. This results in a neurological deficit and sometimes leads to high morbidity and mortality rates despite advanced therapies. For the last two decades, different studies have expanded our understanding of the molecular basis of human neuroinfectious diseases, especially concerning the contributions of mast cell interactions with other central nervous system compartments. Brain mast cells are multifunctional cells derived from the bone marrow and reside in the brain. Their proximity to blood vessels, their role as "first responders" their unique receptors systems and their ability to rapidly release pathogen responsive mediators enable them to exert a crucial defensive role in the host-defense system. This review describes key biological and physiological functions of mast cells, concerning their ability to recognize pathogens via various receptor systems, followed by a coordinated and selective mediator release upon specific interactions with pathogenic stimulating factors. The goal of this review is to direct attention to the possibilities for therapeutic applications of mast cells against bacterial and viral related infections. We also focus on opportunities for future research activating mast cells via adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Natarajan
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kamini Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adeola Shobo
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Per I Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa; Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development, Platform and Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Glenn Em Maguire
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, E-Block, 6th Floor, Room E1-06-016, Durban, South Africa.
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Laxmi V, Gupta R, Bhattacharya SK, Ray A, Gulati K. Inhibitory effects of sildenafil and tadalafil on inflammation, oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in animal model of bronchial asthma. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:517-521. [PMID: 31009843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic neucleotides are involved in many cellular functions including smooth muscle relaxation, inflammation, and signal transduction. Sildenafil and tadalafil are phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors which prevent the degradation of cyclic neucleotide i.e. guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and increase the levels of cGMP. In this study sildenafil and tadalafil were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-nitrosative stress potential in animal model of bronchial asthma. METHODS Wistar rats were sensitized with 10 mg intraperitoneal (ip) ovalbumin adsorbed to 10 μg of aluminum hydroxide on day 0. Animals were given sildenafil (1 and 3 mg/kg ip) and tadalafil (1 and 3 mg/kg ip) from day 1 to day 14. Also, on day 14 animals were challenged with ovalbumin (1 mg ip). After 24 h, samples were collected to analyze interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were also measured in serum. RESULTS Pre-treatment with sildenafil (1 and 3 mg/kg ip) and tadalafil (1 and 3 mg/kg ip) significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TNF-α in rat serum and BALF. In addition, pre-treatment with both the drugs decreased the levels of MDA and NOx and increased the levels of GSH in serum. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil and tadalafil decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF. Both drugs inhibit oxidative and nitrosative stress in animal model of bronchial asthma and could have a therapeutic potential in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Laxmi
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arunabha Ray
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, New Delhi, India
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Lauria PSS, Casais-E-Silva LL, do Espírito-Santo RF, de Souza CMV, Zingali RB, Caruso MB, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Pain-like behaviors and local mechanisms involved in the nociception experimentally induced by Latrodectus curacaviensis spider venom. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:67-75. [PMID: 30261224 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the behavioral manifestations of nociception and the local mechanisms involved with the nociceptive response elicited by Latrodectus curacaviensis venom (LCV) in mice. After the intraplantar LCV inoculation, spontaneous nociception, mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds, motor performance, edema and cytokine levels were evaluated using von Frey filaments, hot/cold plate, rota-rod, plethismometer and ELISA, respectively. Analysis of LCV was performed by SDS-PAGE and chromatography. Intraplantar injection of LCV (1-100 ng/paw) induced intense and heat-sensitive spontaneous nociception, mediated by serotonin and bradykinin receptors, TRPV1 channels, as well as by transient local inflammation. LCV (0.1-10 ng/paw) induced mechanical allodynia, which was reduced by the local pretreatment with H1 receptor or TRPV1 antagonists. Corroborating the TRPV1 involvement, in thermal nociception assays, LCV induced a similar response to that of capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, facilitating the response to noxious hot stimuli and inhibiting the response to cold noxious stimulation. LCV promoted mast cell degranulation, increased IL-1β paw levels, but did not produce a relevant edematogenic effect. Analysis of LCV components showed a predominance of high molecular weight proteins. This work provides the first mechanistic hypothesis to explain the local pain induced by LCV, the most frequent clinical symptom of human envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marjolly Brígido Caruso
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Casais-e-Silva LL, Teixeira C. Neurogenic mediators contribute to local edema induced by Micrurus lemniscatus venom. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005874. [PMID: 29161255 PMCID: PMC5716551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Micrurus is one of the four snake genera of medical importance in Brazil. Coral snakes have a broad geographic distribution from the southern United States to Argentina. Micrurine envenomation is characterized by neurotoxic symptoms leading to dyspnea and death. Moreover, various local manifestations, including edema formation, have been described in patients bitten by different species of Micrurus. Thus, we investigated the ability of Micrurus lemniscatus venom (MLV) to induce local edema. We also explored mechanisms underlying this effect, focusing on participation of neuropeptides and mast cells. Methodology/Principal findings Intraplantar injection of MLV (1–10 μg/paw) in rats caused dose- and time-dependent edema with a peak between 15 min and 1 h after injection. MLV also induced degranulation of peritoneal mast cells (MCs). MC depletion by compound 48/80 markedly reduced MLV-induced edema. Pre-treatment (30 min) of rats with either promethazine a histamine H1 receptor antagonist or methysergide, a nonselective 5-HT receptor antagonist, reduced MLV-induced edema. However, neither thioperamide, a histamine H3/H4 receptor antagonist, nor co-injection of MLV with HOE-140, a BK2 receptor antagonist, altered the response. Depletion of neuropeptides by capsaicin or treatment of animals with NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonists (SR 140333 and SR 48968, respectively) markedly reduced MLV-induced edema. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, MLV induces paw edema in rats by mechanisms involving activation of mast cells and substance P-releasing sensory C-fibers. Tachykinins NKA and NKB, histamine, and serotonin are major mediators of the MLV-induced edematogenic response. Targeting mast cell- and sensory C-fiber-derived mediators should be considered as potential therapeutic approaches to interrupt development of local edema induced by Micrurus venoms. Micrurus venoms have neurotoxic activity that is responsible for the serious sequelae in human envenomation. However, various local manifestations of envenoming have been described in patients bitten by different Micrurus species and edematogenic activity has been experimentally demonstrated. Despite the low frequency of edema in Micrurus envenomation, this effect can worsen the clinical manifestations. However, there are few studies on local inflammatory effects induced by Micrurus snake venom. We investigated the edematogenic effect of Micrurus lemniscatus venom (MLV) and participation of neuropeptides and mast cells in inflammation. Results demonstrate that MLV induces prominent edema with rapid onset. Using specific pharmacological interferences, we found that MLV-induced edema is dependent on activation of mast cells and substance P-releasing sensory C-fibers. NKA and NKB tachykinins, histamine via H1 receptor and serotonin are major mediators of the MLV-induced edematogenic response. These findings suggest that mast cell- and C-fiber-derived mediators are promising therapeutic targets to efficiently counteract the local edema induced by Micrururs venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Arora P, Ansari SH, Anjum V, Mathur R, Ahmad S. Investigation of anti-asthmatic potential of Kanakasava in ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma and airway inflammation in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 197:242-249. [PMID: 27502540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kanakasava is an Indian traditional Ayurvedic formulation containing Datura (Datura metel), Vasaca (Adhatoda vasica), Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa) and Grape (Vitis vinifera) extracts as major constituents and used to treat pulmonary diseases including coughing, breathing difficulty and asthma. The present study was designed to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of Kanakasava against ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma and related airway inflammation in rats due to lack of evidence based therapeutic efficacy data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male wistar rats were sensitized with allergen (ovalbumin, 40mg/rat+aluminum hydroxide, 2.0mg/rat) and treated orally with standard dexamethasone (2.5mg/kg, b.w.) or Kanakasava (1.23 and 2.46ml/kg, b.w.) from day 1 to day 28. Inflammatory markers, including cell counts and cytokines such as interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), leukotriene (LTD-4), immunoglobulin (IgE), nitric oxide and nitrite levels in both blood and broncheo alveolar lavaged fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Abdominal mesentery was studied histologically for mast cell degranulation, whereas lung functions were investigated by spirometer. Method was also developed to quantify gallic acid and ethyl gallate content in Kanakasava by HPTLC for its quality control. RESULTS None of the rats exhibited mortality and Kanakasava was found to be safe at the tested doses. Treatment with Kanakasava significantly (P<0.01) reversed elevated levels of IgE, cytokines, nitrites and influx of eosinophils and neutrophils in blood and BALF. These findings were further supported by the significant improvement in lung functions (P<0.01) and suppression (P<0.01) of degranulation of mast cells. The content of gallic acid and ethyl gallate in Kanakasava was found to be 1.94% and 0.98%, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the preventive effect of Kanakasava in allergen induced model of asthma providing scientific basis for its traditional use in Ayurveda, since long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Arora
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S H Ansari
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rajani Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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Singh DK, Gulati K, Ray A. Effects of chelidonic acid, a secondary plant metabolite, on mast cell degranulation and adaptive immunity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:229-234. [PMID: 27620504 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of chelidonic acid, a secondary plant metabolite, with therapeutic potential in allergic disorders, in experimental animals. In mast cell degranulation studies, ovalbumin immunized and challenged rats, chelidonic acid (1, 3 and 10mg/kg, i.p.) dose relatedly prevented ovalbumin challenge induced mast cell degranulation by differing degrees when compared with vehicle treated group, and these effects were comparable with prednisolone (10mg/kg). A reduction in post-challenge mortality was also observed in all treated groups. Further, there were reductions in the blood eosinophil counts and serum IgE levels after chelidonic acid treatment. Chelidonic acid also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) in vitro, in a dose related manner. In tests for adaptive immunity, in rats immunized with sheep RBC, chelidonic acid differentially suppressed the (a) plaque forming cell (PFC) count in rat splenic cells, (b) anti-SRBC antibody titre and serum IgG levels and (c) increases in foot pad thickness in the DTH assay - all of which were comparable with prednisolone. These experimental results are discussed in light of the possible therapeutic potential of chelidonic acid in allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Kavita Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Arunabha Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Casais-E-Silva LL, Teixeira CFP, Lebrun I, Lomonte B, Alape-Girón A, Gutiérrez JM. Lemnitoxin, the major component of Micrurus lemniscatus coral snake venom, is a myotoxic and pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2. Toxicol Lett 2016; 257:60-71. [PMID: 27282409 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The venom of Micrurus lemniscatus, a coral snake of wide geographical distribution in South America, was fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC and the fractions screened for phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. The major component of the venom, a PLA2, here referred to as 'Lemnitoxin', was isolated and characterized biochemically and toxicologically. It induces myotoxicity upon intramuscular or intravenous injection into mice. The amino acid residues Arg15, Ala100, Asn108, and a hydrophobic residue at position 109, which are characteristic of myotoxic class I phospholipases A2, are present in Lemnitoxin. This PLA2 is antigenically related to M. nigrocinctus nigroxin, Notechis scutatus notexin, Pseudechis australis mulgotoxin, and Pseudonaja textilis textilotoxin, as demonstrated with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Lemnitoxin is highly selective in its targeting of cells, being cytotoxic for differentiated myotubes in vitro and muscle fibers in vivo, but not for undifferentiated myoblasts or endothelial cells. Lemnitoxin is not lethal after intravenous injection at doses up to 2μg/g in mice, evidencing its lack of significant neurotoxicity. Lemnitoxin displays anticoagulant effect on human plasma and proinflammatory activity also, as it induces paw edema and mast cell degranulation. Thus, the results of this work demonstrate that Lemnitoxin is a potent myotoxic and proinflammatory class I PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Ivo Lebrun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape-Girón
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Sakanaka M, Furuta K, Ichikawa A, Tanaka S. Impaired activation of mast cells upon IgE-mediated antigen stimulation in a stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat strain, SHRSP.Z. Immunol Lett 2010; 128:74-9. [PMID: 19941900 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated IgE-mediated allergic responses in a metabolic syndrome model rat strain, SHRSP.Z, which develops obesity and hypertension to cast light on the relationship between metabolic disturbances and allergic responses. IgE-mediated cutaneous anaphylactic responses were severely attenuated in this strain regardless of the presence of fa/fa mutation, compared with the parental WKY/Izm strain. Furthermore, in the peritoneal mast cells of both the SHRSP.Z and SHRSP/Izm strains, IgE-mediated activation, such as degranulation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation, was severely impaired whereas no significant differences were found in morphology and number of peritoneal mast cells. Immunoblot analyses revealed that phosphorylation levels of Syk upon IgE-mediated antigen stimulation were significantly decreased and basal expression of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) was down-regulated in peritoneal mast cells of the SHRSP strains. These results suggest that attenuated cutaneous allergic responses in the SHRSP.Z strain might be attributed to impaired FcvarepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sakanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
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Torres MG, Kwasniewski FH, Scaliante LG, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Caparroz-Assef SM, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Arthritis induced by adjuvant in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats: endogenous glucocorticoid effects on inflammatory response. Inflammation 2009; 32:20-6. [PMID: 19030974 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-008-9098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated arthritis induced by complete Freund adjuvant (AIA) in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats (respectively, SHR and NTR rats). The inflammatory reaction was studied for 28 days by evaluating paw edema and secondary lesions found 10 days after complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) administration. The body weight of the animals and macroscopic alterations of several organs, including spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes, were also analyzed. The results showed that the AIA manifestations were decreased in SHRs compared with NTRs. Moreover, this altered inflammatory response was not modified by surgical adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli G Torres
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Kwasniewski FH, Landgraf RG, Jancar S. Small bowel injury associated to allergy is triggered by platelet-activating factor, mast cells, neutrophils and protected by nitric oxide. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ferreira AA, Kwasniewski FH, Delani TC, Torres MG, Silva MA, Caparroz-Assef SM, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Acute immune and non-immune inflammatory response in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive rats. Role of endogenous nitric oxide. Inflammation 2007; 30:198-204. [PMID: 17665293 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-007-9037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study investigated the acute inflammatory response (increase in vascular permeability and leukocytes migration) in the pleura of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NTR), using two different stimulus: carrageenan and active anaphylaxis. In addition, the role of endogenous nitric oxide in these responses was investigated. RESULTS The inflammatory response induced by intrapleural carrageenan injection in SHR developed similarly to that in NTR. Treatment with L-NAME, reduced the intensity of this response in both groups of rats. The inflammatory response induced by active anaphylaxis in SHR and NTR was different. The increase in vascular permeability occurred later in the SHR compared to NTR. The number of leukocyte present in inflammatory exudates was increased at 4 h in both groups of rats. L-NAME treatment did not inhibit exudation at the intervals under analysis, however, reduced the number of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory exudate of SHR. CONCLUSION The development of the inflammatory response in SHR differs from that in NTR, depending on the nature of the inflammatory stimulus. Endogenous NO plays a clear role in carrageenan-induced inflamma-tion, but not in immunologically mediated inflammation in the analyzed period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Kwasniewski FH, Landgraf RG, Bakhle YS, Jancar S. Bronchoconstriction and endogenous nitric oxide in isolated lungs of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 488:181-9. [PMID: 15044050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bronchoconstrictor responses were measured in lungs isolated from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats, perfused via the airways. Lungs from SHRs were more responsive than lungs from normotensive rats to methacholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), arachidonic acid or prostaglandin H(2). The responses of SHR airways to methacholine or 5-HT were unaffected by pretreatment in vivo with an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 30 mg kg(-1)), although responses in normotensive airways to methacholine, but not to 5-HT, were enhanced. Antigen challenge of isolated lungs from actively sensitized rats elicited bronchoconstriction, not different between strains. Pretreatment with L-NAME increased the response to antigen challenge only in normotensive lungs. Compound 48/80 induced bronchoconstriction in lungs from either strain, equally. These responses to compound 48/80 were unaffected by L-NAME pretreatment. Thus, SHR airways lack relaxing factors and degranulation of mast cells in SHR lungs was not affected by endogenous NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio H Kwasniewski
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Kwasniewski FH, Tavares de Lima W, Bakhle YS, Jancar S. Endogenous nitric oxide does not modulate mesenteric mast cell degranulation in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:2073-80. [PMID: 12787888 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of endogenous nitric oxide could explain the decreased mesenteric mast cell degranulation after anaphylaxis in genetically hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR and normotensive rats (NT) were sensitized to ovalbumin and challenged 14 days later. Degranulation of mast cells was assessed in duodenum, mesentery and skin by increased microvascular permeability using extravasation of Evans blue dye (20mg/kg, i.v.), and in the mesentery also by light microscopy after staining with toluidine blue. Pretreatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, L-NAME (30 mg/kg, i.v.) did not change dye extravasation after immunological challenge or after compound 48/80 in mesentery of either SHR or NT. PCA was also defective in SHR. Pretreatment with L-NAME did not affect either the defective PCA in SHR or the normal PCA reaction in NT. Our results show that inhibition by endogenous nitric oxide is not the cause of the defective mast cell degranulation in the SHR nor did it modulate degranulation of mesenteric or skin mast cells in NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio H Kwasniewski
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Bakhle YS, Brogan JD, Bell C. Decreased vascular permeability response to substance P in airways of genetically hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:933-8. [PMID: 10193773 PMCID: PMC1571209 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The inbred genetically hypertensive strain (GH) of the Otago Wistar rat possesses more sensory neurons containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP) than does its genetically related control normotensive strain. 2. As SP contributes to airway inflammation by increasing microvascular permeability, we assessed the extravasation of Evans Blue dye in trachea and main bronchus of anaesthetized GH and control rats, in the presence of endogenous (capsaicin-liberated) or exogenous SP. 3. Following intravenous administration of either capsaicin (75 microg kg(-1)) or SP (3.3 nmol kg(-1)), extravasation of Evans Blue in airways from GH rats was only about 60% of that in airways of control rats. This difference was not gender-specific and responses to capsaicin were abolished by pretreatment with a selective NK1 receptor antagonist SR 140333 (360 nmol kg(-1)). 4. By contrast, the extravasation of dye caused by intravenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.5 micromol kg(-1)) was similar in magnitude in both GH and control strains. 5. Falls in systemic arterial blood pressure in response to exogenous SP (0.1-3 nmol kg(-1)) or acetylcholine (0.2-2 nmol kg(-1)) were also very similar between strains, but those in response to capsaicin (75 microg kg(-1)) in the GH rats were about double those in control rats. The hypotensive response to SP was abolished by SR 140333, but that to capsaicin was unaffected. 6. Our results indicate that the increased peripheral innervation density by SP-nerves in GH rats is accompanied by reduced inflammatory responses to SP. This does not involve decreased vasodilator potency of SP and is therefore probably related to altered endothelial responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Bakhle
- Biomedical Sciences Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, England, UK.
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