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Wang X, Ren W. Desymmetric [3+3] Cyclization of p-Quinamines for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazines and Hydroquinoxalines. Org Lett 2024; 26:1770-1774. [PMID: 38353481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
General and efficient strategies for highly diastereoselective synthesis of divergent heterocyclic scaffolds through desymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition of p-quinamines with 1,3-dipole surrogates hydroximoyl halides and α-halohydroxamates have been developed. This synthetic protocol provided a variety of heterocyclic architectures containing 1,2,4-oxadiazine and hydroquinoxaline skeletons in good yields with a wide substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
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Presnukhina SI, Tarasenko MV, Geyl KK, Baykova SO, Baykov SV, Shetnev AA, Boyarskiy VP. Unusual Formation of 1,2,4-Oxadiazine Core in Reaction of Amidoximes with Maleic or Fumaric Esters. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217508. [PMID: 36364335 PMCID: PMC9655267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a simple and convenient method for the synthesis of 3-aryl- and 3-hetaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-ones bearing an easily functionalizable (methoxycarbonyl)methyl group at position 6 via the reaction of aryl or hetaryl amidoximes with maleates or fumarates. The conditions for this reaction were optimized. Different products can be synthesized selectively in good yields depending on the base used and the ratio of reactants: substituted (1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-yl)acetic acids, corresponding methyl esters, or hybrid 3-(aryl)-6-((3-(aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-ones. The reaction is tolerant to substituents’ electronic and steric effects in amidoximes. As a result, a series of 2-(5-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-yl)acetic acids, their methyl esters, and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles based on them were prepared and characterized by HRMS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of three of them were elucidated with X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Presnukhina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina V. Tarasenko
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Centre, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Kirill K. Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana O. Baykova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Centre, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Flow signaling and atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1835-1858. [PMID: 28039525 PMCID: PMC5391278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis rarely develops in the region of arteries exposed to undisturbed flow (u-flow, unidirectional flow). Instead, atherogenesis occurs in the area exposed to disturbed flow (d-flow, multidirectional flow). Based on these general pathohistological observations, u-flow is considered to be athero-protective, while d-flow is atherogenic. The fact that u-flow and d-flow induce such clearly different biological responses in the wall of large arteries indicates that these two types of flow activate each distinct intracellular signaling cascade in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which are directly exposed to blood flow. The ability of ECs to differentially respond to the two types of flow provides an opportunity to identify molecular events that lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on various molecular events, which are differentially regulated by these two flow types. We will discuss how various kinases, ER stress, inflammasome, SUMOylation, and DNA methylation play roles in the differential flow response, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. We will also discuss the interplay among the molecular events and how they coordinately regulate flow-dependent signaling and cellular responses. It is hoped that clear understanding of the way how the two flow types beget each unique phenotype in ECs will lead us to possible points of intervention against endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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J. N. Veerman J, G. Bursavich M, B. Bruseker Y, C. J. van Esseveldt B, Glen R, A. Harrison B, H. Heijne E, J. McRiner A, M. Meulemans T, van Rijnsbergen P, Zonneveld W, A. Burnett D. Strategic and Tactical Approaches to the Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydro-[1,2,4]oxadiazines. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-16-13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Restenosis and therapy. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:406236. [PMID: 22489270 PMCID: PMC3303576 DOI: 10.1155/2012/406236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular disease involves imbalanced function of the blood vessels. Risk factors playing a role in development of impaired vessel functions will be briefly discussed. In ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), ischemic hypoxia is one of the cardinal risk factors of restenosis. Various insults are shown to initiate the phenotype switch of VSMCs. The pathological process, leading to activated inflammatory process, complement activation, and release of growth factors, initiate the proliferation of VSMCs in the media and cause luminal narrowing and impaired vascular function. The review summarizes the alteration process and demonstrates some of the clinical genetic background showing the role of complement and the genotypes of mannose-binding lectin (MBL2). Those could be useful markers of carotid restenosis after stent implantation. Gene therapy and therapeutic angiogenesis is proposed for therapy in restenosis. We suggest a drug candidate (iroxanadine), which ensures a noninvasive treatment by reverse regulation of the highly proliferating VSMCs and the disturbed function of ECs.
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Endothelial and macrophage-specific deficiency of P38α MAPK does not affect the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21055. [PMID: 21695272 PMCID: PMC3111465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) regulates stress- and inflammation-induced cellular responses. Factors implicated in the development of atherosclerosis including modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cytokines and even shear stress induce p38 activation in endothelial cells and macrophages, which may be important for plaque formation. This study investigates the effects of endothelial- and macrophage-specific deficiency of p38α in atherosclerosis development, in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Methodology/Principal Findings ApoE−/− mice with macrophage or endothelial cell-specific p38α deficiency were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 weeks and atherosclerosis development was assessed by histological and molecular methods. Surprisingly, although p38α-deficiency strongly attenuated oxidized LDL-induced expression of molecules responsible for monocyte recruitment in endothelial cell cultures in vitro, endothelial-specific p38α ablation in vivo did not affect atherosclerosis development. Similarly, macrophage specific deletion of p38α did not affect atherosclerotic plaque development in ApoE−/− mice. Conclusions Although previous studies implicated p38α signaling in atherosclerosis, our in vivo experiments suggest that p38α function in endothelial cells and macrophages does not play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE deficient mice.
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Kyotani Y, Zhao J, Tomita S, Nakayama H, Isosaki M, Uno M, Yoshizumi M. Olmesartan inhibits angiotensin II-Induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:161-8. [PMID: 20508392 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09332fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients. It is assumed that the reduction of the risk by ARBs may be attributed in part to the inhibition of angiotensin II (AII)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration associated with atherosclerosis. However, the effect of ARBs on AII-induced changes in intracellular signaling and resultant cell migration has not been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of olmesartan, an ARB, on AII-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) migration. Olmesartan inhibited AII-induced ERK1/2 and JNK activation at lower concentrations (10 nM). On the other hand, PP2, a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also inhibited AII-induced ERK1/2 and JNK activation, but its effect on ERK1/2 was less pronounced than that of olmesartan. Olmesartan, U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), and PP2 potently inhibited AII-induced RASMC migration. From these findings, it was inferred that angiotensin-receptor blockade by olmesartan results in the inhibition of AII-induced activation of Src, ERK1/2, and JNK in RASMC. Olmesartan may be a potent inhibitor of AII-induced VSMC migration, which may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Rafiee P, Stein DJ, Nelson VM, Otterson MF, Shaker R, Binion DG. Thalidomide inhibits inflammatory and angiogenic activation of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC). Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G167-76. [PMID: 19926820 PMCID: PMC2822501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00385.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The glutamic acid derivative thalidomide is a transcriptional inhibitor of TNF-alpha but is also known to affect human blood vessels, which may underlie its teratogenicity. Thalidomide has been used in the treatment of refractory Crohn's disease (CD), but the therapeutic mechanism is not defined. We examined the effect of thalidomide on primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC), the relevant endothelial cell population in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to determine its effect on endothelial activation, leukocyte interaction, and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. HIMEC cultures were pretreated with thalidomide before activation with either TNF-alpha/LPS or VEGF. A low-shear-stress flow adhesion assay with either U-937 or whole blood was used to assess HIMEC activation following TNF-alpha/LPS, and a Wright's stain identified adherent leukocytes. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) was assessed using radioimmunoassay. Effects of thalidomide on NF-kappaB activation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in TNF-alpha/LPS-activated HIMEC were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Thalidomide blocked adhesion of both U-937 and whole blood leukocytes by 50% in HIMEC, inhibiting binding of all classes of leukocytes. Thalidomide also blocked NF-kappaB and cell adhesion molecule expression in HIMEC. In marked contrast, thalidomide did not affect either iNOS or COX-2 expression, two key molecules that play a role in the downregulation of HIMEC activation. VEGF-induced HIMEC transmigration, growth, proliferation, tube formation, and Akt phosphorylation were significantly inhibited by thalidomide. In summary, thalidomide exerted a potent effect on HIMEC growth and activation, suggesting that it may also function via an endothelial mechanism in the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Rafiee
- Dept. of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Daniel J. Stein
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - Victoria M. Nelson
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | | | - Reza Shaker
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
| | - David G. Binion
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Kang E, Vedantham K, Long X, Dadara M, Kwon IK, Sturek M, Park K. Drug-Eluting Stent for Delivery of Signal Pathway-Specific 1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl Xanthine. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1110-7. [PMID: 19432454 DOI: 10.1021/mp8002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Kang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kumar Vedantham
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xin Long
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria Dadara
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Il-Keun Kwon
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael Sturek
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Choi SM, Park JB, Kim JM, In KM, Park HY. Acanthopanax senticosus Extract Acts as an Important Regulator for Vascular Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2008.18.5.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Sõti C, Nagy E, Giricz Z, Vígh L, Csermely P, Ferdinandy P. Heat shock proteins as emerging therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:769-80. [PMID: 16170327 PMCID: PMC1751210 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones (stress proteins) are essential proteins to help the formation and maintenance of the proper conformation of other proteins and to promote cell survival after a large variety of environmental stresses. Therefore, normal chaperone function is a key factor for endogenous stress adaptation of several tissues. However, altered chaperone function has been associated with the development of several diseases; therefore, modulators of chaperone activities became a new and emerging field of drug development. Inhibition of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp)90 recently emerged as a very promising tool to combat various forms of cancer. On the other hand, the induction of the 70 kDa Hsp70 has been proved to be an efficient help in the recovery from a large number of diseases, such as, for example, ischemic heart disease, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Development of membrane-interacting drugs to modify specific membrane domains, thereby modulating heat shock response, may be of considerable therapeutic benefit as well. In this review, we give an overview of the therapeutic approaches and list some of the key questions of drug development in this novel and promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Sõti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikõ Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dom ter 9, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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12
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Whole body hyperthermia in mice confers heat shock protein-dependent radioresistance of their bone marrow and thymocytes. J Therm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Vigh L, Escribá PV, Sonnleitner A, Sonnleitner M, Piotto S, Maresca B, Horváth I, Harwood JL. The significance of lipid composition for membrane activity: New concepts and ways of assessing function. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 44:303-44. [PMID: 16214218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade or so, it has been realised that membranes do not just have a lipid-bilayer structure in which proteins are embedded or with which they associate. Structures are dynamic and contain areas of heterogeneity which are vital for their formation. In this review, we discuss some of the ways in which these dynamic and heterogeneous structures have implications during stress and in relation to certain human diseases. A particular stress is that of temperature which may instigate adaptation in poikilotherms or appropriate defensive responses during fever in mammals. Recent data emphasise the role of membranes in sensing temperature changes and in controlling a regulatory loop with chaperone proteins. This loop seems to need the existence of specific membrane microdomains and also includes association of chaperone (heat stress) proteins with the membrane. The role of microdomains is then discussed further in relation to various human pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The concept of modifying membrane lipids (lipid therapy) as a means for treating such pathologies is then introduced. Examples are given when such methods have been shown to have benefit. In order to study membrane microheterogeneity in detail and to elucidate possible molecular mechanisms that account for alteration in membrane function, new methods are needed. In the second part of the review, we discuss ultra-sensitive and ultra-resolution imaging techniques. These include atomic force microscopy, single particle tracking, single particle tracing and various modern fluorescence methods. Finally, we deal with computing simulation of membrane systems. Such methods include coarse-grain techniques and Monte Carlo which offer further advances into molecular dynamics. As computational methods advance they will have more application by revealing the very subtle interactions that take place between the lipid and protein components of membranes - and which are so essential to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Làszló Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Yu J, Bian D, Mahanivong C, Cheng RK, Zhou W, Huang S. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of endothelial cell migration depends on urokinase plasminogen activator expression. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50446-54. [PMID: 15371454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409221200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of endothelial cells in response to various stimulating factors plays an essential role in angiogenesis. The p38 MAPK pathway has been implicated to play an important role in endothelial cell migration because inhibiting p38 MAPK activity down-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated migration. Currently, the signaling components in the p38 MAPK activation pathway and especially the mechanisms responsible for p38 MAPK-regulated endothelial cell migration are not well understood. In the present study, we found that p38 MAPK activity is required for endothelial cell migration stimulated by both VEGF and nongrowth factor stimulants, sphingosine 1-phosphate and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule. By using dominant negative forms of signaling components in the p38 MAPK pathway, we identified that a regulatory pathway consisting of MKK3-p38alpha/gamma-MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 participated in VEGF-stimulated migration. In further studies, we showed that a minimum of a 10-h treatment with SB203580 (specific p38 MAPK inhibitor) was needed to block VEGF-stimulated migration, suggesting an indirect role of p38 MAPK in this cellular event. Most interestingly, the occurrence of SB203580-induced migratory inhibition coincided with a reduction of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression. Furthermore, agents disrupting uPA and uPA receptor interaction abrogated VEGF-stimulated cell migration. These results suggest a possible association between cell migration and uPA expression. Indeed, VEGF-stimulated migration was not compromised by SB203580 in endothelial cells expressing the uPA transgene; however, VEGF-stimulated migration was inhibited by agents disrupting uPA-uPA receptor interaction. These results thus suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway participates in endothelial cell migration by regulating uPA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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15
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Rafiee P, Heidemann J, Ogawa H, Johnson NA, Fisher PJ, Li MS, Otterson MF, Johnson CP, Binion DG. Cyclosporin A differentially inhibits multiple steps in VEGF induced angiogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells through altered intracellular signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2004; 2:3. [PMID: 15175101 PMCID: PMC441414 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor which blocks T cell activation has provided the pharmacologic foundation for organ transplantation. CsA exerts additional effects on non-immune cell populations and may adversely effect microvascular endothelial cells, contributing to chronic rejection, a long-term clinical complication and significant cause of mortality in solid-organ transplants, including patients with small bowel allografts. Growth of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a critical homeostatic mechanism in organs and tissues, and regulates vascular populations in response to physiologic requirements. We hypothesized that CsA would inhibit the angiogenic capacity of human gut microvessels. Primary cultures of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMEC) were used to evaluate CsA's effect on four in vitro measures of angiogenesis, including endothelial stress fiber assembly, migration, proliferation and tube formation, in response to the endothelial growth factor VEGF. We characterized the effect of CsA on intracellular signaling mechanisms following VEGF stimulation. CsA affected all VEGF induced angiogenic events assessed in HIMEC. CsA differentially inhibited signaling pathways which mediated distinct steps of the angiogenic process. CsA blocked VEGF induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFAT, activation of p44/42 MAPK, and partially inhibited JNK and p38 MAPK. CsA differentially affected signaling cascades in a dose dependent fashion and completely blocked expression of COX-2, which was integrally linked to HIMEC angiogenesis. These data suggest that CsA inhibits the ability of microvascular endothelial cells to undergo angiogenesis, impairing vascular homeostatic mechanisms and contributing to the vasculopathy associated with chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Rafiee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jan Heidemann
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Hitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Pamela J Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mona S Li
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mary F Otterson
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA
| | | | - David G Binion
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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16
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Kyaw M, Yoshizumi M, Tsuchiya K, Kagami S, Izawa Y, Fujita Y, Ali N, Kanematsu Y, Toida K, Ishimura K, Tamaki T. Src and Cas Are Essentially but Differentially Involved in Angiotensin II-Stimulated Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Activation. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:832-41. [PMID: 15044612 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.4.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases associated with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and migration. Src activity is known to be required for the migration of a number of cell types. p130Cas was reported to be essential for cell migration and actin filament reorganization. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases were also reported to be critical regulatory factors for growth and migration of VSMC. However, precise intracellular mechanisms involving c-Src, p130Cas, and MAP kinases in Ang II-stimulated migration of VSMC have not been well elucidated. Here we demonstrated that Ang II rapidly and significantly stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and Cas and their association in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). Ang II-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and Cas and activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, but not p38, were potently inhibited by Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin A (HA) and PP2. Ang II-stimulated Src and Cas association, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, and activation of ERK1/2 and JNK were suppressed in kinase-inactive Src (KI Src)-overexpressed RASMC. Ang II-stimulated JNK activation but not ERK1/2 activation was blocked in substrate domain-deleted Cas (DeltaSD Cas)-overexpressed RASMC. In addition, HA, PP2, ERK1/2 inhibitor, 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059) and JNK inhibitor, and anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (SP600125) significantly inhibited Ang II-stimulated migration of RASMC. Ang II-induced colocalization of Src and Cas and migration were inhibited in both KI Src- and DeltaSD Cas-overexpressed RASMC. These findings suggest that Src and Cas are essentially but differentially involved in Ang II-stimulated migration of VSMC through the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kyaw
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Ray AK, Jones AC, Carnes DL, Cochran DL, Mellonig JT, Oates TW. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Stimulated Cell Migration Mediated Through p38 Signal Transduction Pathway in Periodontal Cells. J Periodontol 2003; 74:1320-8. [PMID: 14584865 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.9.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular signaling pathways mediate specific responses to growth factors. The manipulation of these pathways ultimately may be used to control the clinical outcomes of periodontal regenerative therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the p38 signal transduction pathway in the responses of periodontal cells to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF). METHODS Primary cultures of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLs) and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were used for all experiments. Cell numbers, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and Boyden chamber assays were used to characterize the effects of SB 203580 (SB), a specific inhibitor of the p38 signaling pathway, on cell proliferation and migration. An in vitro wound model also was used to assess the effects of SB. For the in vitro wound assay, triplicate wells were incubated for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days using 0.1% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% FBS +/- 10 microM SB, or 20 ng/ml PDGF +/- 10 microM SB. Digital histomorphometric analysis assessed cellular fill within the wound area. RESULTS SB specifically inhibited PDGF-induced migration in the Boyden chamber assays without affecting cell proliferation. The wound model data showed similar levels of wound fill for PDLs and GFs in 10% FBS. Relative to 10% FBS, PDLs stimulated with PDGF showed significantly (P < 0.01, analysis of variance) greater wound fill (74%) than GFs (12%). SB inhibited the PDGF-induced wound fill of PDLs and GFs by 64% and 57%, respectively. This inhibition was significant (P < 0.01, ANOVA) only for PDLs. The addition of SB to 10% FBS did not significantly affect the wound fill response of either cell type compared to 10% FBS alone. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that periodontal cells possess distinct responses to PDGF that may be altered at the signal transduction level. The manipulation of these responses through the use of inhibitors to specific signaling pathways may enhance our control of periodontal regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel K Ray
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Török Z, Tsvetkova NM, Balogh G, Horváth I, Nagy E, Pénzes Z, Hargitai J, Bensaude O, Csermely P, Crowe JH, Maresca B, Vigh L. Heat shock protein coinducers with no effect on protein denaturation specifically modulate the membrane lipid phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:3131-6. [PMID: 12615993 PMCID: PMC152258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0438003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxylamine derivative bimoclomol (BM) has been shown to activate natural cytoprotective homeostatic responses by enhancing the capability of cells to cope with various pathophysiological conditions. It exerts its effect in synergy with low levels of stress to induce the synthesis of members of major stress protein families. We show here that the presence of BM does not influence protein denaturation in the cells. BM and its derivatives selectively interact with acidic lipids and modulate their thermal and dynamic properties. BM acts as a membrane fluidizer at normal temperature, but it is a highly efficient membrane stabilizer, inhibiting the bilayer-nonbilayer phase transitions during severe heat shock. We suggest that BM and the related compounds modify those domains of membrane lipids where the thermally or chemically induced perturbation of lipid phase is sensed and transduced into a cellular signal, leading to enhanced activation of heat shock genes. BM may be a prototype for clinically safe membrane-interacting drug candidates that rebalance the level and composition of heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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