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Sotzny F, Filgueiras IS, Kedor C, Freitag H, Wittke K, Bauer S, Sepúlveda N, Mathias da Fonseca DL, Baiocchi GC, Marques AHC, Kim M, Lange T, Plaça DR, Luebber F, Paulus FM, De Vito R, Jurisica I, Schulze-Forster K, Paul F, Bellmann-Strobl J, Rust R, Hoppmann U, Shoenfeld Y, Riemekasten G, Heidecke H, Cabral-Marques O, Scheibenbogen C. Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors in Post COVID Syndrome correlate with symptom severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981532. [PMID: 36238301 PMCID: PMC9552223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) present with a plethora of symptoms without clear evidence of organ dysfunction. A subset of them fulfills diagnostic criteria of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Symptom severity of ME/CFS correlates with natural regulatory autoantibody (AAB) levels targeting several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum AAB levels against vaso- and immunoregulatory receptors, mostly GPCRs, in 80 PCS patients following mild-to-moderate COVID-19, with 40 of them fulfilling diagnostic criteria of ME/CFS. Healthy seronegative (n=38) and asymptomatic post COVID-19 controls (n=40) were also included in the study as control groups. We found lower levels for various AABs in PCS compared to at least one control group, accompanied by alterations in the correlations among AABs. Classification using random forest indicated AABs targeting ADRB2, STAB1, and ADRA2A as the strongest classifiers (AABs stratifying patients according to disease outcomes) of post COVID-19 outcomes. Several AABs correlated with symptom severity in PCS groups. Remarkably, severity of fatigue and vasomotor symptoms were associated with ADRB2 AAB levels in PCS/ME/CFS patients. Our study identified dysregulation of AAB against various receptors involved in the autonomous nervous system (ANS), vaso-, and immunoregulation and their correlation with symptom severity, pointing to their role in the pathogenesis of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sotzny
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sotzny, ; Igor Salerno Filgueiras, ; Otavio Cabral-Marques, ; Carmen Scheibenbogen,
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sotzny, ; Igor Salerno Filgueiras, ; Otavio Cabral-Marques, ; Carmen Scheibenbogen,
| | - Claudia Kedor
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helma Freitag
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Wittke
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bauer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- CEAUL – Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. C. Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Desirée Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frieder M. Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roberta De Vito
- Department of Biostatistics and the Data Science Initiative, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekka Rust
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Hoppmann
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interunit PostGraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sotzny, ; Igor Salerno Filgueiras, ; Otavio Cabral-Marques, ; Carmen Scheibenbogen,
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Franziska Sotzny, ; Igor Salerno Filgueiras, ; Otavio Cabral-Marques, ; Carmen Scheibenbogen,
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Goyal S, Sood A, Gautam I, Pradhan S, Mondal P, Singh G, Jaura RS, Singh TG, Sibia RS. Serum protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) levels as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1843-1851. [PMID: 35974263 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a prominent clinical manifestation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, often associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, and other complications. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study has been designed to check the serum levels of PAR-1 and correlate with various clinical manifestations and inflammatory cytokines levels in type 2 diabetic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population was divided into two groups, healthy volunteers (n = 15): normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (4.26 ± 0.55) and type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 30): HbA1c levels (7.80 ± 2.41). The serum levels of PAR-1 (ELISA method) were studied in both groups and correlated with demographic parameters age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and conventional inflammation biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS The demographic variables including the body weight (77.38 ± 10.00 vs. controls 55.26 ± 6.99), BMI (29.39 ± 3.61 vs. controls 25.25 ± 4.01), glycemic index HbA1c (7.80 ± 2.41 vs. controls 4.26 ± 0.55) were found to be statistically increased in T2DM subjects than the healthy control group. The levels of various inflammatory biomarkers and PAR-1 were significantly elevated in T2DM groups in comparison to healthy volunteers. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that elevated PAR-1 levels positively correlated with increased body weight, BMI, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the elevated serum PAR-1 levels serve as an independent predictor of inflammation in T2DM subjects and might have prognostic value for determining T2DM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Goyal
- Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Isha Gautam
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Soumyadip Pradhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Puskar Mondal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gaaminepreet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Ravinder Singh Jaura
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Tehsil, Rajpura District, Patiala, 140401, Punjab, India
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Fekete E, Allain T, Amat CB, Mihara K, Saifeddine M, Hollenberg MD, Chadee K, Buret AG. Giardia duodenalis cysteine proteases cleave proteinase-activated receptor-2 to regulate intestinal goblet cell mucin gene expression. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:285-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Freitag H, Szklarski M, Lorenz S, Sotzny F, Bauer S, Philippe A, Kedor C, Grabowski P, Lange T, Riemekasten G, Heidecke H, Scheibenbogen C. Autoantibodies to Vasoregulative G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Correlate with Symptom Severity, Autonomic Dysfunction and Disability in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3675. [PMID: 34441971 PMCID: PMC8397061 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an acquired complex disease with patients suffering from the cardinal symptoms of fatigue, post-exertional malaise (PEM), cognitive impairment, pain and autonomous dysfunction. ME/CFS is triggered by an infection in the majority of patients. Initial evidence for a potential role of natural regulatory autoantibodies (AAB) to beta-adrenergic (AdR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M-AChR) in ME/CFS patients comes from a few studies. METHODS Here, we analyzed the correlations of symptom severity with levels of AAB to vasoregulative AdR, AChR and Endothelin-1 type A and B (ETA/B) and Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in a Berlin cohort of ME/CFS patients (n = 116) by ELISA. The severity of disease, symptoms and autonomic dysfunction were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS We found levels of most AABs significantly correlated with key symptoms of fatigue and muscle pain in patients with infection-triggered onset. The severity of cognitive impairment correlated with AT1-R- and ETA-R-AAB and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms with alpha1/2-AdR-AAB. In contrast, the patients with non-infection-triggered ME/CFS showed fewer and other correlations. CONCLUSION Correlations of specific AAB against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) with symptoms provide evidence for a role of these AAB or respective receptor pathways in disease pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helma Freitag
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Marvin Szklarski
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Franziska Sotzny
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Sandra Bauer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Aurélie Philippe
- Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Claudia Kedor
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Patricia Grabowski
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (T.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (T.L.); (G.R.)
| | | | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (S.L.); (F.S.); (S.B.); (C.K.); (P.G.); (C.S.)
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Christensen J, Alfredson H, Andersson G. Protease-activated receptors in the Achilles tendon-a potential explanation for the excessive pain signalling in tendinopathy. Mol Pain 2015; 11:13. [PMID: 25880199 PMCID: PMC4369088 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Tendinopathies are pathological conditions of tissue remodelling occurring in the major tendons of the body, accompanied by excessive nociceptive signalling. Tendinopathies have been shown to exhibit an increase in the number of mast cells, which are capable of releasing histamine, tryptase and other substances upon activation, which may play a role in the development of tendinopathies. This study set out to describe the distribution patterns of a family of receptors called protease-activated receptors (PARs) within the Achilles tendon. These four receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, PAR4) are activated by proteases, including tryptase released from mast cells, and are involved in fibrosis, hyperalgesia and neovascularisation, which are changes seen in tendinopathies. Method In order to study which structures involved in tendinopathy that these proteases can affect, biopsies from patients suffering of mid-portion Achilles tendinosis and healthy controls were collected and examined using immunohistochemistry. Tendon cells were cultured to study in vitro expression patterns. Results The findings showed a distribution of PARs inside the tendon tissue proper, and in the paratendinous tissue, with all four being expressed on nerves and vascular structures. Double staining showed co-localisation of PARs with nociceptive fibres expressing substance P. Concerning tenocytes, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4, were found in both biopsies of tendon tissue and cultured tendon cells. Conclusions This study describes the expression patterns of PARs in the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon, which can help explain the tissue changes and increased pain signalling seen in tendinopathies. These findings also show that in-vitro studies of the effects of these receptors are plausible and that PARs are a possible therapeutic target in the future treatment strategies of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christensen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Alfredson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden. .,ISEH, UCLH, London, UK. .,Pure Sports Clinic, London, UK.
| | - Gustav Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden.
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Sakai T, Nambu T, Katoh M, Uehara S, Fukuroda T, Nishikibe M. Up-regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:173-9. [PMID: 19401193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are under a hypercoagulable state leading to generation of thrombin. It is not known whether thrombin plays a role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. We analyzed gene expression of two thrombin receptors, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and PAR-4 in the kidney of diabetic db/db mice. Mice developed hyperglycemia from 7 to 10 weeks of age and showed renal abnormalities such as mesangial expansion and urinary albumin excretion at 10 weeks of age. PAR-1 mRNA was up-regulated in isolated glomeruli in db/db mice compared with age-matched db/m littermates, but PAR-4 mRNA was not. In situ hybridization studies showed that PAR-1 mRNA was detected mainly at the glomerulus, and that intensive signals were observed in mesangial cells and podocytes. The up-regulation of PAR-1 in glomeruli in diabetic mice may play a role in the progression of glomerulosclerosis and abnormal urinary albumin excretion in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sakai
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Okubo 3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Japan.
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Nitescu N, Grimberg E, Ricksten SE, Marcussen N, Nordlinder H, Guron G. Effects of thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function and liver integrity during early endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 292:R1117-24. [PMID: 17068159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00471.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with an activation of the coagulation system and multiorgan failure. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of selective thrombin inhibition with melagatran on renal hemodynamics and function, and liver integrity, during early endotoxemia. Endotoxemia was induced in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized rats by an intravenous bolus dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 6 mg/kg). Sham-Saline, LPS-Saline, and LPS-Melagatran study groups received isotonic saline or melagatran immediately before (0.75 micromol/kg iv) and continuously during (0.75 micromol.kg(-1).h(-1) iv) 4.5 h of endotoxemia. Kidney function, renal blood flow (RBF), and intrarenal cortical and outer medullary perfusion (OMLDF) measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry were analyzed throughout. Markers of liver injury and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in plasma after 4.5 h of endotoxemia. In addition, liver histology and gene expression were examined. Melagatran treatment prevented the decline in OMLDF observed in the LPS-Saline group (P < 0.05, LPS-Melagatran vs. LPS-Saline). However, melagatran did not ameliorate reductions in mean arterial pressure, RBF, renal cortical perfusion, and glomerular filtration rate or attenuate tubular dysfunctions during endotoxemia. Melagatran reduced the elevated plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (-34 +/- 11%, P < 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (-21 +/- 7%, P < 0.05), bilirubin (-44 +/- 9%, P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha (-32 +/- 14%, P < 0.05) in endotoxemia. Melagatran did not diminish histological abnormalities in the liver or the elevated hepatic gene expression of TNF-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in endotoxemic rats. In summary, thrombin inhibition with melagatran preserved renal OMLDF, attenuated liver dysfunction, and reduced plasma TNF-alpha levels during early endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nitescu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Massi D, Naldini A, Ardinghi C, Carraro F, Franchi A, Paglierani M, Tarantini F, Ketabchi S, Cirino G, Hollenberg MD, Geppetti P, Santucci M. Expression of protease-activated receptors 1 and 2 in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:676-85. [PMID: 16021575 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that are activated by the proteolytic cleavage of their amino terminal domain. PAR-1 activation by thrombin results in several biologic effects, including platelet adhesion to other cells or extracellular matrix, fibroblast, and endothelial cell growth, whereas PAR-2, activated by trypsin, has mainly a proinflammmatory and angiogenetic role. PAR-1 and PAR-2 modulate cell proliferation in physiopathologic cell invasion processes, suggesting that they may play a role in the setting of cancer growth and metastasis. Here, we have investigated the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 proteins by immunohistochemistry in a series of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions: 20 melanocytic lesions (10 common melanocytic nevi and 10 atypical or "dysplastic" melanocytic nevi) and 50 melanomas (10 in situ melanomas, 10 melanomas T1, 10 melanomas T2, 10 melanomas T3 to T4, and 10 metastatic melanomas). PAR-1 was significantly overexpressed in atypical nevi and melanomas in comparison with common melanocytic nevi. PAR-2 was strongly and diffusely expressed by immunohistochemistry in all melanocytic lesions, with no statistically significant differences between nevi and melanomas. Because we found a differential expression in PAR-1 protein, but not in PAR-2, we next investigated the expression of PAR-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) by ribonuclease protection assay in paraffin-embedded tissues using a paraffin block RNA isolation procedure. Similarly to immunohistochemical results, PAR-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in atypical nevi and melanomas in comparison with common nevi and controls. Overexpression of PAR-1 in atypical nevi and melanomas supports a role for PAR-1 in the initial phases of melanoma development as well as in tumor progression and metastasis. Conversely, the significance of PAR-2 up-regulation in both benign and malignant melanocytic lesions requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Massi
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Springer J, Amadesi S, Trevisani M, Harrison S, Dinh QT, McGregor GP, Fischer A, Geppetti P, Groneberg DA. Effects of alpha calcitonin gene-related peptide in human bronchial smooth muscle and pulmonary artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 118:127-34. [PMID: 15003828 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although airway and pulmonary vessel tone are regulated predominantly by cholinergic and adrenergic impulses, biologically active peptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) may significantly influence human smooth muscle tone in normal and pathophysiological states. In the present study, the expression of CGRP and its receptor CGRPR-1 and the biological effect of the peptide were investigated in human airways and pulmonary arteries. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of CGRP in human airway nerves and neuro-epithelial cells, whereas the receptor was found in epithelial cells and smooth muscle myocytes of the bronchi and in pulmonary artery endothelium. On precontracted bronchi (3-4 mm in diameter) alpha-CGRP (0.01-10 nM) caused a concentration-dependent contraction on epithelium-denuded bronchi, whereas no significant effect was recorded in bronchi with intact epithelium. In pulmonary arteries (2-6 mm in diameter), alpha-CGRP caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of endothelium intact and denuded vessels. Pre-treatment with indomethacin, but not with l-NAME, prevented the relaxation induced by alpha-CGRP in pulmonary arteries suggesting that prostaglandins but not nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway. The effects induced by alpha-CGRP in bronchi and vessels were prevented by application of the antagonist CGRP((8-37)). In summary, the present studies examined the biological function of CGRP in human airways and demonstrated a constrictory effect of CGRP only in epithelium-denuded airway smooth muscle indicating an alteration of CGRP airway effects in respiratory tract pathological states with damaged epithelium such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Bronchi/chemistry
- Bronchi/drug effects
- Bronchi/physiology
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/analysis
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/pharmacology
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Epithelium/chemistry
- Epithelium/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/chemistry
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/chemistry
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nerve Fibers/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Artery/chemistry
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/physiology
- Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- Departments of Pediatric Pneumology, Biomedical Research Center, Charité School of Medicine, Humboldt-University, Augustenburger Platz 1 OR-1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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