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Beqiraj-Zeqiraj Q, Thaçi Q, Sahiti F, Kovač Z, Raffay TM, Sopi RB. Rho-kinase inhibitors protect against neonatal hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity in a rat pup model: Role of prostaglandin F 2α. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1229-1237. [PMID: 35088947 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen therapy in preterm neonates is associated with airway hyperreactivity. The role of Rho/Rho-kinase smooth muscle signaling in hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity remains understudied. We hypothesized that inhibition of Rho-kinase will attenuate airway hyperreactivity induced by neonatal hyperoxia. METHODS Newborn rats were raised in hyperoxia (>95% O2 ) or ambient air (AA) for 7 days. Subgroups were injected with a Rho-kinase inhibitor: Y-27632 (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) or fasudil (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ), or a FP receptor antagonist - AS604872 (30 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ). After exposures, tracheal cylinders were prepared for in vitro wire myography. Contraction to methacholine or PGF2α was measured in the presence or absence of tissue-bath Y-27632, fasudil, or AS604872. Lung PGF2α levels, Rho-kinase protein level and Rho-kinase 1 activity were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Tracheal smooth muscle contraction was significantly greater in hyperoxic compared to AA groups. Both, Y-27632 and fasudil significantly decreased contractility to MCh or PGF2α in hyperoxic groups versus hyperoxic controls (p < 0.001), but did not alter AA group responses. Inhibition of FP receptors attenuated responses to PGF2α . Hyperoxia significantly increased lung PGF2α compared to AA (p < 0.01), but Rho-kinase inhibition did not influence PGF2α level. Rho-kinase protein level (p < 0.001) and activity (p < 0.01), were increased by hyperoxia, but blockade of FP receptor reduced the Rho-kinase 1 activity (p < 0.05) under hyperoxic condition. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an active role of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling on hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity. These findings suggest that Rho-kinase inhibitors might serve as an effective therapy for hyperoxia-induced airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qendresa Beqiraj-Zeqiraj
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Qëndrim Thaçi
- Department of Premedical Courses, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Floran Sahiti
- Department of Premedical Courses, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zdenko Kovač
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas M Raffay
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ramadan B Sopi
- Department of Premedical Courses, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Sharma P, Penn RB. Can GPCRs Be Targeted to Control Inflammation in Asthma? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:1-20. [PMID: 34019260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the drugs used to manage obstructive lung diseases (OLDs), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) either (1) directly regulate airway contraction by blocking or relaxing airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction or (2) indirectly regulate ASM contraction by inhibiting the principal cause of ASM contraction/bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. To date, these tasks have been respectively assigned to two diverse drug types: agonists/antagonists of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhaled or systemic steroids. These two types of drugs "stay in their lane" with respect to their actions and consequently require the addition of the other drug to effectively manage both inflammation and bronchoconstriction in OLDs. Indeed, it has been speculated that safety issues historically associated with beta-agonist use (beta-agonists activate the beta-2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) to provide bronchoprotection/bronchorelaxation) are a function of pro-inflammatory actions of β2AR agonism. Recently, however, previously unappreciated roles of various GPCRs on ASM contractility and on airway inflammation have been elucidated, raising the possibility that novel GPCR ligands targeting these GPCRs can be developed as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Moreover, we now know that many GPCRs can be "tuned" and not just turned "off" or "on" to specifically activate the beneficial therapeutic signaling a receptor can transduce while avoiding detrimental signaling. Thus, the fledging field of biased agonism pharmacology has the potential to turn the β2AR into an anti-inflammatory facilitator in asthma, possibly reducing or eliminating the need for steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Qiu JY, Ma LQ, Liu BB, Zhang WJ, Liu MS, Wang GG, Zhao XX, Luo X, Wang Q, Xu H, Zang DA, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Yu MF, Chen W, Dai J, Liu QH. Folium Sennae and emodin reverse airway smooth muscle contraction. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1870-1880. [PMID: 32437058 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this project was to find a bronchodilatory compound from herbs and clarify the mechanism. We found that the ethanol extract of Folium Sennae (EEFS) can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM). EEFS inhibited ASM contraction, induced by acetylcholine, in mouse tracheal rings and lung slices. High-performance liquid chromatography assay showed that EEFS contained emodin. Emodin had a similar reversal action. Acetylcholine-evoked contraction was also partially reduced by nifedipine (a selective inhibitor of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, LVDCCs), YM-58483 (a selective inhibitor of store-operated Ca2+ entry, SOCE), as well as Y-27632 (an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase). In addition, LVDCC- and SOCE-mediated currents and cytosolic Ca2+ elevations were inhibited by emodin. Emodin reversed acetylcholine-caused increases in phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. Furthermore, emodin, in vivo, inhibited acetylcholine-induced respiratory system resistance in mice. These results indicate that EEFS-induced relaxation results from emodin inhibiting LVDCC, SOCE, and Ca2+ sensitization. These findings suggest that Folium Sennae and emodin may be new sources of bronchodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Qiu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Su Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge-Ge Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area and Hubei Medical Biology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Institute for Medical Biology, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Kasahara DI, Mathews JA, Ninin FMC, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. Role of ROCK2 in CD4 + cells in allergic airways responses in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:224-235. [PMID: 27886408 PMCID: PMC5280456 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinases (ROCKs) contribute to allergic airways disease. ROCKs also play a role in lymphocyte proliferation and migration. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ROCK2 acting within CD4+ cells in allergic airways responses. METHODS ROCK2-haploinsufficient (ROCK2+/- ) and wild-type mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). ROCK2+/- mice then received either CD4+ cells from ROCK2-sufficient OVA TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice or saline i.v. 48 h before challenge with aerosolized OVA. Wild-type mice received saline before challenge. Allergic airways responses were measured 48 h after the last challenge. Allergic airways responses were also assessed in mice lacking ROCK2 only in CD4+ cells (ROCK2CD4Cre mice) vs. control (CD4-Cre and ROCK2flox/flox ) mice. RESULTS OVA-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and eotaxin were reduced in ROCK2+/- vs. wild-type mice, as were airway hyperresponsiveness and mucous hypersecretion. In ROCK2+/- mice, adoptive transfer with CD4+ cells from OT-II mice restored effects of OVA on lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and mucous hypersecretion to wild-type levels, whereas eotaxin and airway hyperresponsiveness were not affected. ROCK2 inhibitors reduced IL-13-induced release of eotaxin from airway smooth muscle (ASM), similar to effects of these inhibitors on ASM contractility. Despite the ability of adoptive transfer to restore allergic airways inflammation in ROCK2-insufficient mice, allergic inflammation was not different in ROCK2CD4Cre vs. control mice. CONCLUSION ROCK2 contributes to allergic airways responses likely via effects within ASM cells and within non-lymphocyte cells involved in lymphocyte activation and migration into the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Kasahara
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Joel A. Mathews
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Fernanda M. C. Ninin
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Allison P. Wurmbrand
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - James K. Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
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Mapping physiological G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways reveals a role for receptor phosphorylation in airway contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4524-9. [PMID: 27071102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521706113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to initiate a plethora of signaling pathways in vitro. However, it is unclear which of these pathways are engaged to mediate physiological responses. Here, we examine the distinct roles of Gq/11-dependent signaling and receptor phosphorylation-dependent signaling in bronchial airway contraction and lung function regulated through the M3-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3-mAChR). By using a genetically engineered mouse expressing a G protein-biased M3-mAChR mutant, we reveal the first evidence, to our knowledge, of a role for M3-mAChR phosphorylation in bronchial smooth muscle contraction in health and in a disease state with relevance to human asthma. Furthermore, this mouse model can be used to distinguish the physiological responses that are regulated by M3-mAChR phosphorylation (which include control of lung function) from those responses that are downstream of G protein signaling. In this way, we present an approach by which to predict the physiological/therapeutic outcome of M3-mAChR-biased ligands with important implications for drug discovery.
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Kumcu EK, Aydinoglu F, Astarci E, Ogulener N. The effect of sub-chronic systemic ethanol treatment on corpus cavernosal smooth muscle contraction: the contribution of RhoA/Rho-kinase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aydinoglu F, Ergurhan Kiroglu O, Astarci E, Balli E, Ogulener N. Effects of ethanol on RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated calcium sensitization in mouse lung parenchymal tissue. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:318-327. [PMID: 26169563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium sensitization by the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway contributes to the contraction in smooth muscle. Contractile stimuli can sensitize myosin to Ca(2+) by activating RhoA/Rho-kinase that inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase activity. The present study was aimed at investigating the possible involvement of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in contractile responses to agonist (phenylephrine) and depolarizing (KCl) of mouse lung parenchymal tissues. Also, we investigated the effect of ethanol on RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Phenylephrine (10(-8)-10(-4) M) and KCl (10-80 mM) induced sustained contractions in parenchymal strips. Ethanol significantly attenuated the contractions to phenylephrine and KCl. The Rho-kinase inhibitors fasudil (5×10(-5) M) and Y-27632 (5×10(-5) M) inhibited contractions to in both control and ethanol-treated parenchymal strips. In addition, the relaxations induced by fasudil (10(-4) M) and Y-27632 (5×10(-4) M) on parenchymal strips contracted by phenylephrine but not KCl was decreased in ethanol-treatment group. Also, RhoA, ROCK1 and ROCK2 expressions were detected in mouse lung parenchymal tissue. In ethanol-treated group, expression of RhoA and ROCK1 but not ROCK2 decreased compared to control. Furthermore, ethanol causes apoptotic changes in alveolar type I epithelial cells of parenchymal tissue. These results suggest that RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway plays an important role in phenylephrine- and KCl-induced Ca(2)(+) sensitization in mouse lung parenchymal tissue. Also, ethanol may be decrease phenylephrine- and KCl-induced contraction due to lowering the RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated Ca(2+)-sensitizing by inhibiting RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in parenchymal tissue. These results may be lead to important insights into the mechanisms of lung diseases due to alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aydinoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Erhan Astarci
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Mudurnu Süreyya Astarci Vocational School, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ebru Balli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ogulener
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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Kasahara DI, Ninin FMC, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. Abrogation of airway hyperresponsiveness but not inflammation by rho kinase insufficiency. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:457-70. [PMID: 25323425 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major features of allergic asthma include airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic inflammation, and goblet cell metaplasia. Rho kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton. By doing so, it can modulate airway smooth muscle cell contraction and leucocyte migration and proliferation. This study was designed to determine the contributions of the two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, to AHR, inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in a mast cell-dependent model of allergic airways disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Repeated intranasal challenges with OVA caused AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, and goblet cell hyperplasia in wild-type (WT) mice. OVA-induced AHR was partially or completely abrogated in mice haploinsufficient for ROCK2 (ROCK2(+/-) ) or ROCK1 (ROCK1(+/-) ), respectively. In contrast, there was no effect of ROCK insufficiency on allergic airways inflammation, although both ROCK1 and ROCK2 insufficiency attenuated mast cell degranulation. Goblet cell hyperplasia, as indicated by PAS staining, was not different in ROCK1(+/-) vs. WT mice. However, in ROCK2(+/-) mice, goblet cell hyperplasia was reduced in medium but not large airways. Maximal acetylcholine-induced force generation was reduced in tracheal rings from ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-) vs. WT mice. The ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, also reduced airway responsiveness in OVA-challenged mice, without affecting inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION In a mast cell model of allergic airways disease, ROCK1 and ROCK2 both contribute to AHR, likely through direct effects on smooth muscle cell and effects on mast cell degranulation. In addition, ROCK2 but not ROCK1 plays a role in allergen-induced goblet cell hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Karpinsky-Semper D, Volmar CH, Brothers SP, Slepak VZ. Differential effects of the Gβ5-RGS7 complex on muscarinic M3 receptor-induced Ca2+ influx and release. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:758-68. [PMID: 24586057 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein β subunit Gβ5 uniquely forms heterodimers with R7 family regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins (RGS6, RGS7, RGS9, and RGS11) instead of Gγ. Although the Gβ5-RGS7 complex attenuates Ca(2+) signaling mediated by the muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R), the route of Ca(2+) entry (i.e., release from intracellular stores and/or influx across the plasma membrane) is unknown. Here, we show that, in addition to suppressing carbachol-stimulated Ca(2+) release, Gβ5-RGS7 enhanced Ca(2+) influx. This novel effect of Gβ5-RGS7 was blocked by nifedipine and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. Experiments with pertussis toxin, an RGS domain-deficient mutant of RGS7, and UBO-QIC {L-threonine,(3R)-N-acetyl-3-hydroxy-L-leucyl-(aR)-a-hydroxybenzenepropanoyl-2,3-idehydro-N-methylalanyl-L-alanyl-N-methyl-L-alanyl-(3R)-3-[[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-4- methyl-1-oxo-2-[(1-oxopropyl)amino]pentyl]oxy]-L-leucyl-N,O-dimethyl-,(7→1)-lactone (9CI)}, a novel inhibitor of Gq, showed that Gβ5-RGS7 modulated a Gq-mediated pathway. These studies indicate that Gβ5-RGS7, independent of RGS7 GTPase-accelerating protein activity, couples M3R to a nifedipine-sensitive Ca(2+) channel. We also compared the action of Gβ5-RGS7 on M3R-induced Ca(2+) influx and release elicited by different muscarinic agonists. Responses to Oxo-M [oxotremorine methiodide N,N,N,-trimethyl-4-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-butyn-1-ammonium iodide] were insensitive to Gβ5-RGS7. Pilocarpine responses consisted of a large release and modest influx components, of which the former was strongly inhibited whereas the latter was insensitive to Gβ5-RGS7. McN-A-343 [(4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-1-trimethylammonium-3-chlorocarbanilate chloride] was the only compound whose total Ca(2+) response was enhanced by Gβ5-RGS7, attributed to, in part, by the relatively small Ca(2+) release this partial agonist stimulated. Together, these results show that distinct agonists not only have differential M3R functional selectivity, but also confer specific sensitivity to the Gβ5-RGS7 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darla Karpinsky-Semper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (D.K.-S., V.Z.S.) and Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (C.-H.V., S.P.B.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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10
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Mitchelson FJ. The pharmacology of McN-A-343. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:216-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Meurs H, Dekkers BGJ, Maarsingh H, Halayko AJ, Zaagsma J, Gosens R. Muscarinic receptors on airway mesenchymal cells: novel findings for an ancient target. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:145-55. [PMID: 22842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, anticholinergics have been used as a bronchodilator therapy for obstructive lung diseases. Targets of these drugs are G-protein-coupled muscarinic M(1), M(2) and M(3) receptors in the airways, which have long been recognized to regulate vagally-induced airway smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion. However, recent studies have revealed that acetylcholine also exerts pro-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and pro-fibrotic actions in the airways, which may involve muscarinic receptor stimulation on mesenchymal, epithelial and inflammatory cells. Moreover, acetylcholine in the airways may not only be derived from vagal nerves, but also from non-neuronal cells, including epithelial and inflammatory cells. Airway smooth muscle cells seem to play a major role in the effects of acetylcholine on airway function. It has become apparent that these cells are multipotent cells that may reversibly adopt (hyper)contractile, proliferative and synthetic phenotypes, which are all under control of muscarinic receptors and differentially involved in bronchoconstriction, airway remodeling and inflammation. Cholinergic contractile tone is increased by airway inflammation associated with asthma and COPD, resulting from exaggerated acetylcholine release as well as increased expression of contraction related proteins in airway smooth muscle. Moreover, muscarinic receptor stimulation promotes proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells as well as fibroblasts, and regulates cytokine, chemokine and extracellular matrix production by these cells, which may contribute to airway smooth muscle growth, airway fibrosis and inflammation. In line, animal models of chronic allergic asthma and COPD have recently demonstrated that tiotropium may potently inhibit airway inflammation and remodeling. These observations indicate that muscarinic receptors have a much larger role in the pathophysiology of obstructive airway diseases than previously thought, which may have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wright DB, Tripathi S, Sikarwar A, Santosh KT, Perez-Zoghbi J, Ojo OO, Irechukwu N, Ward JPT, Schaafsma D. Regulation of GPCR-mediated smooth muscle contraction: implications for asthma and pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:121-31. [PMID: 22750270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Contractile G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as key regulators of smooth muscle contraction, both under healthy and diseased conditions. This brief review will discuss some key topics and novel insights regarding GPCR-mediated airway and vascular smooth muscle contraction as discussed at the 7th International Young Investigators' Symposium on Smooth Muscle (2011, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) and will in particular focus on processes driving Ca(2+)-mobilization and -sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Wright
- Department of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Sathish V, Yang B, Meuchel LW, VanOosten SK, Ryu AJ, Thompson MA, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Caveolin-1 and force regulation in porcine airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L920-9. [PMID: 21421751 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized membrane microdomains expressing the scaffolding protein caveolin-1. We recently demonstrated the presence of caveolae in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) and the contribution of caveolin-1 to intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) regulation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caveolin-1 regulates ASM contractility. We examined the role of caveolins in force regulation of porcine ASM under control conditions as well as TNF-α-induced airway inflammation. In porcine ASM strips, exposure to 10 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) or 5 μM of the caveolin-1 specific scaffolding domain inhibitor peptide (CSD) resulted in time-dependent decrease in force responses to 1 μM ACh. Overnight exposure to the cytokine TNF-α (50 ng/ml) accelerated and increased caveolin-1 expression and enhanced force responses to ACh. Suppression of caveolin-1 with small interfering RNA mimicked the effects of CD or CSD. Regarding mechanisms by which caveolae contribute to contractile changes, inhibition of MAP kinase with 10 μM PD98059 did not alter control or TNF-α-induced increases in force responses to ACh. However, inhibiting RhoA with 100 μM fasudil or 10 μM Y27632 resulted in significant decreases in force responses, with lesser effects in TNF-α exposed samples. Furthermore, Ca(2+) sensitivity for force generation was substantially reduced by fasudil or Y27632, an effect even more enhanced in the absence of caveolin-1 signaling. Overall, these results indicate that caveolin-1 is a critical player in enhanced ASM contractility with airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Prakash YS, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in TNF-alpha modulation of Ca2+ in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:603-11. [PMID: 19213875 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that neurotrophin (NT) signaling occurs in non-neuronal tissues, including airway smooth muscle (ASM). We recently demonstrated that NTs, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), enhance intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) and force regulation in human ASM. Increased NT expression has been observed in airway diseases, such as asthma and allergy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that NTs contribute to inflammation-induced enhancement of ASM contractility. Using human ASM cells and real-time fluorescence [Ca2+](i) imaging, we examined the contribution of the high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase and low-affinity, pan-NT p75NTR receptors to [Ca2+](i) regulation under control conditions and after exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (20 ng/ml). Exposure to TNF-alpha enhanced [Ca2+](i) responses to agonist (acetylcholine, histamine). Exposure to 10 nM BDNF for even 30 minutes substantially and synergistically enhanced TNF-alpha effects on [Ca2+](i) responses to agonist. Small interfering RNA suppression of tropomyosin-related kinase substantially blunted the effect of BDNF on [Ca2+](i) responses to agonist (with greater effect on Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry compared with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release) in both control and TNF-alpha-exposed cells. However, p75NTR suppression by small interfering RNA had no significant effect on [Ca2+](i) responses in either cell group. These novel data demonstrate that NTs influence ASM contractility, and suggest a potential role for NTs in airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Ammit AJ, Burgess JK, Hirst SJ, Hughes JM, Kaur M, Lau JY, Zuyderduyn S. The effect of asthma therapeutics on signalling and transcriptional regulation of airway smooth muscle function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:446-54. [PMID: 19022391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Our knowledge of the multifunctional nature of airway smooth muscle (ASM) has expanded rapidly in the last decade, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and how current therapies for obstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affect these are still being elucidated. Our current knowledge has built on the pharmacology of human ASM contraction and relaxation established prior to that and which is reviewed in detail elsewhere in this issue. The advent of methods to isolate and culture ASM cells, especially human ASM cells, has made it possible to study how they may contribute to airway remodelling through their synthetic, proliferative, and migratory capacities. Now the underlying molecular mechanisms of ASM growth factor secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, proliferation and migration, as well as contraction and relaxation, are being determined. A complex network of signalling pathways leading to gene transcription in ASM cells permits this functional plasticity in healthy and diseased airways. This review is an overview of the effects of current therapies, and some of those in development, on key signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in these ASM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina J Ammit
- Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Schaafsma D, Bos IST, Zuidhof AB, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. The inhaled Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 protects against allergen-induced acute bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L214-9. [PMID: 18487358 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00498.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after the early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic reaction in guinea pigs could be reversed acutely by inhalation of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. The present study addresses the effects of pretreatment with inhaled Y-27632 on the severity of the allergen-induced EAR and LAR, the development of AHR after these reactions, and airway inflammation. Using permanently instrumented and unrestrained ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs, single OA challenge-induced EAR and LAR, expressed as area under the lung function (pleural pressure, P(pl)) time-response curve, were measured, and histamine PC(100) (provocation concentration causing a 100% increase of P(pl)) values were assessed 24 h before, and at 6 and 24 h after, the OA challenge (after the EAR and LAR, respectively). Thirty minutes before and 8 h after OA challenge, saline or Y-27632 (5 mM) was nebulized. After the last PC(100) value, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the inflammatory cell profile was determined. It was demonstrated that inhalation of Y-27632 before allergen challenge markedly reduced the immediate allergen-induced peak rise in P(pl), without significantly reducing the overall EAR and LAR. Also, pretreatment with Y-27632 considerably protected against the development of AHR after the EAR and fully prevented AHR after the LAR. These effects could not be explained by a direct effect of Y-27632 on the histamine responsiveness, because of the short duration of the acute bronchoprotection of Y-27632 (<90 min). In addition, Y-27632 reduced the number of total inflammatory cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and neutrophils recovered from the BAL. Altogether, inhaled Y-27632 protects against acute allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, development of AHR after the EAR and LAR, and airway inflammation in an established guinea pig model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedmer Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Schaafsma D, Gosens R, Zaagsma J, Halayko AJ, Meurs H. Rho kinase inhibitors: A novel therapeutical intervention in asthma? Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:398-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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