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How Effective Is a Late-Onset Antihypertensive Treatment? Studies with Captopril as Monotherapy and in Combination with Nifedipine in Old Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081964. [PMID: 36009511 PMCID: PMC9406136 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A major problem in the treatment of human hypertension is the late diagnosis of hypertension and, hence, the delayed start of treatment. Very often, hypertension has existed for a long time and cardiac damage has already developed. Therefore, we tested whether late-onset antihypertensive treatment is effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) and in reducing or even preventing left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Methods: Twenty-one male 60-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were included. Fourteen rats received oral treatment with captopril (CAP) either as monotherapy or combined with nifedipine (CAP + NIF) over 22 weeks. Seven untreated SHR served as controls. We examined the therapeutic effects on BP, heart weight and histological and biochemical markers of left ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. Results: At 82 weeks of age, BP was reduced in the CAP and CAP + NIF groups by 44 and 51 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001), but not in untreated controls. Despite the late therapy start, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were attenuated compared to controls. Both treatments reduced heart weight by 1.2 mg/g (25%, p = 0.001) and collagens I and III by 66% and 60%, respectively (p < 0.001), thus proving nearly equivalent cardioprotective efficacy. Conclusion: These data clearly emphasize the benefit of antihypertensive treatment in reducing BP and mitigating the development of cardiac damage even when treatment is started late in life.
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Hawlitschek C, Brendel J, Gabriel P, Schierle K, Salameh A, Zimmer HG, Rassler B. Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of different monotherapies and combination therapies in young spontaneously hypertensive rats - A pilot study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:339-345. [PMID: 35002427 PMCID: PMC8716903 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are an established animal model for antihypertensive treatment. The aim of this pilot study was a systematic search for two lines of antihypertensive treatment - a monotherapy and a combination of two drugs - to be applied in a future study on old SHR. Originally, representatives of three drug classes recommended for antihypertensive therapy in humans should be applied, namely captopril (CAP) as an antagonist of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, nifedipine (NIF) as calcium channel blocker and propranolol (PROP) as β-adrenergic blocker. As we observed that PROP had been poorly ingested, all groups with PROP therapy were excluded from the study. CAP (60 mg kg-1 d-1), NIF (10 mg kg-1 d-1) or both were administered orally to seven-week-old SHR over 3 weeks. A further group of SHR received no treatment (SHR/CTRL). Age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats served as normotensive controls. We examined the effect of the antihypertensive therapies on systolic blood pressure, heart weight and on histological and biochemical markers of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. CAP proved to be the most effective treatment reducing blood pressure and relative heart weight significantly compared to SHR/CTRL without reaching normotensive values. Beginning cardiac fibrosis observed in SHR/CTRL was completely abrogated with CAP treatment. Similar effects were achieved with a combination of CAP and NIF. CAP as monotherapy and CAP + NIF as combination therapy were chosen for the forthcoming study on old SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hawlitschek
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Liebigstrasse 27, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Brendel
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Liebigstrasse 27, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Gabriel
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Liebigstrasse 27, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Schierle
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Liebigstrasse 26, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aida Salameh
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Centre, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Strümpellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Gerd Zimmer
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Liebigstrasse 27, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Rassler
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Liebigstrasse 27, Leipzig, Germany
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Mibefradil Alleviates High-Glucose-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:246-254. [PMID: 32433360 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure and is associated with hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Mibefradil, which acts as a T-type calcium channel blocker, exerts beneficial effects in patients with heart failure. In this study, we explored the effects and mechanism of mibefradil on high-glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were incubated in a high-glucose medium and then treated with different concentrations of mibefradil in the presence or absence of the Akt inhibitor MK2206 or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Cell size was evaluated through immunofluorescence, and mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers (atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain) was assessed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were evaluated using Western blotting, and autophagosome formation was detected using transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicate that mibefradil reduced the size of H9c2 cells, decreased mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain, and decreased the level of autophagic flux. However, MK2206 and rapamycin induced autophagy and reversed the effects of mibefradil on high-glucose-induced H9c2 cells. In conclusion, mibefradil ameliorated high-glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibiting excessive autophagy. Our study shows that mibefradil can be used therapeutically to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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TGR5 activation ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3633. [PMID: 30842472 PMCID: PMC6403401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor in diabetic patients. TGR5 is shown to express in hearts, but its functional role in diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy remained unclear. The current study investigated the role of TGR5 on high glucose-induced hypertrophy of H9C2 cells. After incubation with a high level of glucose, H9C2 cells showed hypertrophic responses. Activation of TGR5 by lithocholic acid (LCA) ameliorated cell hypertrophy and enhanced SERCA2a and phosphorylated phospholamban (PLN) expression in H9C2 cells. Triamterene inhibited these effects at an effective dose to block TGR5. However, LCA failed to modify the free radical elevation induced by high-glucose in the H9c2 cells. Moreover, PKA inhibitors, but not an Epac blocker, markedly improved hyperglycemia-induced hypertrophy and attenuated the increased SERCA2a expression by LCA; it also attenuated the phosphorylated PLN and SERCA2a protein expression levels in high glucose-treated H9C2 cells. In conclusion, TGR5 activation stimulated protein kinase A (PKA) to enhance PLN phosphorylation, which activated SERCA2a to remove Ca2+ from cytosol to sarcoplasmic reticulum in addition to the reduction of calcineurin/NFAT pathway signaling to ameliorate the hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy shown in cardiomyocytes. TGR5 may service as a new target in the control of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Sun S, Kee HJ, Ryu Y, Choi SY, Kim GR, Kim HS, Kee SJ, Jeong MH. Gentisic acid prevents the transition from pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3018. [PMID: 30816171 PMCID: PMC6395621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that gentisic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we examined whether gentisic acid prevents the development of heart failure. Heart failure was induced in mice via chronic TAC. Mice were administered the vehicle, gentisic acid (10 and 100 mg∙kg-1∙day-1), or bisoprolol (0.5 mg∙kg-1∙day-1) orally for 3 weeks, beginning 3 weeks after TAC. After oral administration of gentisic acid (2000 mg∙kg-1), no significant differences in organ weight, histology, or analyzed serum and hematological parameters were observed between female mice in the control and gentisic acid-treated groups. Gentisic acid administration inhibited cardiac dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, as was revealed via western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and Masson's trichrome staining. Gentisic acid dose-dependently reduced the expression of fibrosis marker genes, suppressed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and reduced lung size and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our data indicate that gentisic acid prevents cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and pulmonary pathology in TAC-induced heart failure. These findings suggest that supplementation with gentisic acid may provide an advantage in preventing the progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Sun
- Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No 739, Dingshen Road Lincheng New District, Zhoushan Zhejiang, 316021, China.,Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, BK21 plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Medicine, BK21 plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Huang J, Lu J, Guo Z, Li Z, Gao H, Wang P, Luo W, Cai S, Hu Y, Guo K, Wang L, Li Z, Wang M, Zhang X, Liu P. Sirtuin 1 represses PKC-ζ activity through regulating interplay of acetylation and phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:416-435. [PMID: 30414383 PMCID: PMC6329629 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of PKC-ζ is closely linked to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. PKC-ζ can be activated by certain lipid metabolites such as phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and ceramide. However, its endogenous negative regulators are not well defined. Here, the role of the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in cardiac hypertrophy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cellular hypertrophy in cultures of cardiac myocytes, from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, was monitored by measuring cell surface area and the mRNA levels of hypertrophic biomarkers. Interaction between sirtuin1 and PKC-ζ was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Sirtuin1 activation was enhanced by resveratrol treatment or Ad-sirtuin1 transfection. A model of cardiac hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley rats was established by abdominal aortic constriction surgery or induced by isoprenaline in vivo. KEY RESULTS Overexpression of PKC-ζ led to cardiac hypertrophy and increased activity of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and ERK5, which was ameliorated by sirtuin1 overexpression. Enhancement of sirtuin1 activity suppressed acetylation of PKC-ζ, hindered its binding to phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 and inhibited PKC-ζ phosphorylation in cardiac hypertrophy. Consequently, the downstream pathways of PKC-ζ' were suppressed in cardiac hypertrophy. This regulation loop suggests a new role for sirtuin1 in mediation of cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sirtuin1 is an endogenous negative regulator for PKC-ζ and mediates its activity via regulating the acetylation and phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting the sirtuin1-PKC-ζ signalling axis may suggest a novel therapeutic approach against cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Junying Huang
- College of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineJishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Panxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sidong Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuehuai Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kaiteng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Ham O, Jin W, Lei L, Huang HH, Tsuji K, Huang M, Roh J, Rosenzweig A, Lu HAJ. Pathological cardiac remodeling occurs early in CKD mice from unilateral urinary obstruction, and is attenuated by Enalapril. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16087. [PMID: 30382174 PMCID: PMC6208335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease constitutes the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease. Despite increasing recognition of a close interplay between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, termed cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), the underlying mechanisms of CRS remain poorly understood. Here we report the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in early stage non-uremic CKD. Moderate kidney failure was induced three weeks after unilateral urinary obstruction (UUO) in mice. We observed pathological cardiac hypertrophy and increased fibrosis in UUO-induced CKD (UUO/CKD) animals. Further analysis indicated that this cardiac fibrosis was associated with increased expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) along with significant upregulation of Smad 2/3 signaling in the heart. Moreover early treatment of UUO/CKD animals with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE I), Enalapril, significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis. Enalapril antagonized activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the UUO/CKD heart. In summary our study demonstrates the presence of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice early in UUO-induced CKD, in association with early activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. We also demonstrate the beneficial effect of ACE I in alleviating this early fibrogenic process in the heart in UUO/CKD animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onju Ham
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William Jin
- College of Arts & Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Hui Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kenji Tsuji
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jason Roh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hua A Jenny Lu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Gallic acid prevents isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through regulation of JNK2 signaling and Smad3 binding activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34790. [PMID: 27703224 PMCID: PMC5050511 DOI: 10.1038/srep34790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid, a type of phenolic acid, has been shown to have beneficial effects in inflammation, vascular calcification, and metabolic diseases. The present study was aimed at determining the effect and regulatory mechanism of gallic acid in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by isoproterenol (ISP) in mice and primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. Gallic acid pretreatment attenuated concentric cardiac hypertrophy. It downregulated the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and beta-myosin heavy chain in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, it prevented interstitial collagen deposition and expression of fibrosis-associated genes. Upregulation of collagen type I by Smad3 overexpression was observed in cardiac myoblast H9c2 cells but not in cardiac fibroblasts. Gallic acid reduced the DNA binding activity of phosphorylated Smad3 in Smad binding sites of collagen type I promoter in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, it decreased the ISP-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protein in mice. JNK2 overexpression reduced collagen type I and Smad3 expression as well as GATA4 expression in H9c2 cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Gallic acid might be a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by regulating the JNK2 and Smad3 signaling pathway.
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TIEG1 Inhibits Angiotensin II–induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Transcription Factor GATA4. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:196-203. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Varanita T, Soriano ME, Romanello V, Zaglia T, Quintana-Cabrera R, Semenzato M, Menabò R, Costa V, Civiletto G, Pesce P, Viscomi C, Zeviani M, Di Lisa F, Mongillo M, Sandri M, Scorrano L. The OPA1-dependent mitochondrial cristae remodeling pathway controls atrophic, apoptotic, and ischemic tissue damage. Cell Metab 2015; 21:834-44. [PMID: 26039448 PMCID: PMC4457892 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphological and ultrastructural changes occur during apoptosis and autophagy, but whether they are relevant in vivo for tissue response to damage is unclear. Here we investigate the role of the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)-dependent cristae remodeling pathway in vivo and provide evidence that it regulates the response of multiple tissues to apoptotic, necrotic, and atrophic stimuli. Genetic inhibition of the cristae remodeling pathway in vivo does not affect development, but protects mice from denervation-induced muscular atrophy, ischemic heart and brain damage, as well as hepatocellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, OPA1-dependent mitochondrial cristae stabilization increases mitochondrial respiratory efficiency and blunts mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, and reactive oxygen species production. Our results indicate that the OPA1-dependent cristae remodeling pathway is a fundamental, targetable determinant of tissue damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Varanita
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Soriano
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Rubén Quintana-Cabrera
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Semenzato
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Costa
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Civiletto
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Paola Pesce
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Via L. Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via C. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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11
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Tumor suppressor gene ING3 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of AMPK and activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Yu SS, Cai Y, Ye JT, Pi RB, Chen SR, Liu PQ, Shen XY, Ji Y. Sirtuin 6 protects cardiomyocytes from hypertrophy in vitro via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 168:117-28. [PMID: 22335191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is involved in regulation of glucose and fat metabolism. However, its possible contribution to cardiac dysfunction remains to be determined. In the present study, the effect of SIRT6 on cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression and deacetylase activity of SIRT6 were measured in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by AngII. After SIRT6 overexpression by transfection, or depletion by RNA interference in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, cellular hypertrophy was monitored by measuring cell surface area and the mRNA levels of hypertrophic biomarkers. Further, the interaction between SIRT6 and the transcription factor NF-κB was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression and deacetylase activity of SIRT6 were measured in vivo, using the abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) model of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. KEY RESULTS In AngII-induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and also in AAC-induced hypertrophic hearts, the expression of SIRT6 protein was upregulated, while its deacetylase activity was decreased. Overexpression of wild-type SIRT6 but not its catalytically inactive mutant, attenuated AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We further demonstrated a physical interaction between SIRT6 and NF-κB catalytic subunit p65, whose transcriptional activity could be repressed by SIRT6 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that SIRT6 suppressed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity and that this effect was dependent on its deacetylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dingar D, Merlen C, Grandy S, Gillis MA, Villeneuve LR, Mamarbachi AM, Fiset C, Allen BG. Effect of pressure overload-induced hypertrophy on the expression and localization of p38 MAP kinase isoforms in the mouse heart. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1634-44. [PMID: 20600854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine specific protein kinases that respond to cellular stress and regulate a broad range of cellular activities. There are four major isoforms of p38 MAPK: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. To date, the prominent isoform in heart has been thought to be p38alpha. We examined the expression of each p38 isoform at both the mRNA and protein level in murine heart. mRNA for all four p38 isoforms was detected. p38gamma and p38delta were expressed at protein levels comparable to p38alpha and 38beta, respectively. In the early phase of pressure-overload hypertrophy (1-7 days after constriction of the transverse aorta), the abundance of p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta mRNA increased; however, no corresponding changes were detected at the protein level. Confocal immunofluorescence studies revealed p38alpha and p38gamma in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the established phase of hypertrophy induced by chronic pressure overload (7-28 days after constriction of the transverse aorta), p38gamma immunoreactivity accumulated in the nucleus whereas the distribution of p38alpha remained unaffected. Hence, both p38alpha and p38gamma are prominent p38 isoforms in heart and p38gamma may play a role in mediating the changes in gene expression associated with cardiac remodeling during pressure-overload hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Dingar
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Dingar D, Benoit MJ, Mamarbachi AM, Villeneuve LR, Gillis MA, Grandy S, Gaestel M, Fiset C, Allen BG. Characterization of the expression and regulation of MK5 in the murine ventricular myocardium. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1063-75. [PMID: 20214976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MK5, a member of the MAPK-activated protein kinase family, is highly expressed in the heart. Whereas MK2 and MK3 are activated by p38 MAPK, MK5 has also been shown to be activated by ERK3 and ERK4. We studied the regulation of MK5 in mouse heart. mRNA for 5 splice variants (MK5.1-5.5), including the original form (MK5.1), was detected. MK5 comprises 14 exons: exon 12 splicing was modified in MK5.2, MK5.3, and MK5.5. MK5.2 and MK5.5 lacked 6 bases at the 3'-end of exon 12, whereas MK5.3 lacked exon 12, resulting in a frame shift and premature termination of translation at codon 3 of exon 13. MK5.4 and MK5.5 lacked exons 2-6, encoding kinase subdomains I-VI, and were kinase-dead. All 5 MK5 variants were detected at the mRNA level in all mouse tissues examined; however, their relative abundance was tissue-specific. Furthermore, the relative abundance of variant mRNA was altered both during hypertrophy and postnatal cardiac development, suggesting that the generation or the stability of MK5 variant mRNAs is subject to regulation. When expressed in HEK293 cells, MK5.1, MK5.2 and MK5.3 were nuclear whereas MK5.4 and MK5.5 were cytoplasmic. A p38 MAPK activator, anisomycin, induced the redistribution of each variant. In contrast, MK5 co-immunoprecipitated ERK3, but not ERK4 or p38 alpha, in control and hypertrophying hearts. GST pull-down assays revealed unbound ERK4 and p38 alpha but no free MK5 or ERK3 in heart lysates. Hence, 1) in heart MK5 complexes with ERK3 and 2) MK5 splice variants may mediate distinct effects thus increasing the functional diversity of ERK3-MK5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Dingar
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Koshman YE, Piano MR, Russell B, Schwertz DW. Signaling responses after exposure to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or 17 beta-estradiol in norepinephrine-induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 108:686-96. [PMID: 20044473 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens appear to enhance, whereas estrogens mitigate, cardiac hypertrophy. However, signaling pathways in cells for short (3 min) and longer term (48 h) treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E2) or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are understudied. We compared the effect of adrenergic stimulation by norepinephrine (NE; 1 microM) alone or in combination with DHT (10 nM) or E2 (10 nM) treatment in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) by cell area, protein synthesis, sarcomeric structure, gene expression, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated (ERK), and focal adhesion kinases (FAK), and phospho-FAK nuclear localization. NE alone elicited the expected hypertrophy and strong sarcomeric organization, and DHT alone gave a similar but more modest response, whereas E2 did not alter cell size. Effects of NE dominated when used with either E2 or DHT with all combinations. Both sex hormones alone rapidly activated FAK but not ERK. Long-term or brief exposure to E2 attenuated NE-induced FAK phosphorylation, whereas DHT had no effect. Neither hormone altered NE-elicited ERK activation. Longer term exposure to E2 alone reduced FAK phosphorylation and reduced nuclear phospho-FAK, whereas its elevation was seen in the presence of NE with both sex hormones. The mitigating effects of E2 on the NE-elicited increase in cell size and the hypertrophic effect of DHT in NRVMs are in accordance with results observed in whole animal models. This is the first report of rapid, nongenomic sex hormone signaling via FAK activation and altered FAK trafficking to the nucleus in heart cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya E Koshman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC 901, 835 South Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612-7342, USA
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Knockout of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:684-92. [PMID: 18193078 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of beta-adrenoceptors in heart disease remains controversial. Although beta-blockers ameliorate the progression of heart disease, the mechanism remains undefined. We investigated the effect of beta-adrenoceptors on cardiac hypertrophic growth using beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoreceptor knockout and wild-type (WT) mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to aortic banding or sham surgery, and their cardiac function was determined by echocardiography and micromanometry. KEY RESULTS At 4 and 12 weeks after aortic banding, the left ventricle:body mass ratio was increased by 80-87% in wild-type mice, but only by 15% in knockouts, relative to sham-operated groups. Despite the blunted hypertrophic growth, ventricular function in knockouts was maintained. WT mice responded to pressure overload with up-regulation of gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic growth factors, and with severe cardiac fibrosis. All these effects were absent in the knockout animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings of a markedly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis following pressure overload in this knockout model emphasize that beta-adrenoceptor signalling plays a central role in cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptation following pressure overload.
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