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Zhao L, Chen T, Hang P, Li W, Guo J, Pan Y, Du J, Zheng Y, Du Z. Choline Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis by Inhibiting p38MAPK Signaling Possibly by Acting on M 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1386. [PMID: 31849653 PMCID: PMC6900736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline has been reported to produce a variety of cellular functions including cardioprotection via activating M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) under various insults. However, whether choline offers similar beneficial effects via the same mechanism in cardiac fibrosis remained unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of choline on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms, particularly the possible involvement of M3R. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to simulate the cardiac fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment was employed to induce proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Choline chloride and M3R antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) were used to unravel the potential role of M3R. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and interstitial fibrosis was quantified by Masson staining. Protein levels of collagens I and III were determined by Western blot analysis. The role of M3R in the proliferation cardiac fibroblasts was validated by silencing M3R with specific small interference RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway including p38MAPK and ERK1/2 as well as the TGF-β1/Smad pathway were analyzed. M3R protein was found abundantly in cardiac fibroblasts. M3R protein level, as identified by Western blotting, was higher in mice with excessive cardiac fibrosis and in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis as well. Choline significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis, and this beneficial action was reversed by 4-DAMP. Production of collagens I and III was reduced after choline treatment but restored by 4-DAMP. Expression silence of endogenous M3R using siRNA increased the level of collagen I. Furthermore, the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and the p38MAPK pathways were both suppressed by choline. In summary, choline produced an anti-fibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and p38MAPK pathways. These findings unraveled a novel pharmacological property of choline linked to M3R, suggesting that choline regulates cardiac fibrosis and the associated heart diseases possibly by acting on M3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Pieczykolan A, Pietrzak W, Rój E, Nowak R. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTiliroside is one of the main flavonoid compounds responsible for a wide spectrum of biological activity of Tilia L. Up to now, several extraction techniques have been reported for extracting this compound from Tilia L. In this work for the first time supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was used for this purpose. Experiments were performed using supercritical carbon dioxide with 5% and 10% of ethanol as solvent, aiming a recovery content of tiliroside, temperature from 45 to 80°C, pressure from 100 to 220 bar and time from 20 to 60 minutes. The statistically generated optimum extraction conditions to obtain the highest content of tiliroside were established as: pressure of 200 bar, temperature 65°C and 45-50 minutes for 5% ethanol concentration and pressure of 220 bar, temperature 65°C and 15 minutes for 10% ethanol concentration.A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine the content of tiliroside in the obtained extracts. In addition, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content and antioxidant activity (DPPH• method) were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pieczykolan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
| | - Edward Rój
- Supercritical Extraction Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego, 24-110Puławy, Poland
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093Lublin, Poland
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Scherer O, Steinmetz H, Kaether C, Weinigel C, Barz D, Kleinert H, Menche D, Müller R, Pergola C, Werz O. Targeting V-ATPase in primary human monocytes by archazolid potently represses the classical secretion of cytokines due to accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:490-500. [PMID: 25107704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The macrolide archazolid inhibits vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a proton-translocating enzyme involved in protein transport and pH regulation of cell organelles, and potently suppresses cancer cell growth at low nanomolar concentrations. In view of the growing link between inflammation and cancer, we investigated whether inhibition of V-ATPase by archazolid may affect primary human monocytes that can promote cancer by sustaining inflammation through the release of tumor-promoting cytokines. Human primary monocytes express V-ATPase, and archazolid (10-100nM) increases the vesicular pH in these cells. Archazolid (10nM) markedly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, interleukin-6 and -8) but also of anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10) cytokines in monocytes stimulated with LPS, without affecting cell viability up to 1000nM. Of interest, secretion of interleukin-1β was increased by archazolid. Comparable effects were obtained by the V-ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin and apicularen. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK-1/2, Akt, SAPK/JNK or of the inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα) as well as mRNA expression of IL-8 were not altered by archazolid in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Instead, archazolid caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response visualized by increased BiP expression and accumulation of IL-8 (and TNF-α) at the ER, indicating a perturbation of protein secretion. In conclusion, by interference with V-ATPase, archazolid significantly affects the secretion of cytokines due to accumulation at the ER which might be of relevance when using these agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Scherer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Barz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmazeutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reporting of the statistical methods in articles published in two Indian pharmacology journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS All original articles published since 2002 were downloaded from the journals' (Indian Journal of Pharmacology (IJP) and Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (IJPP)) website. These articles were evaluated on the basis of appropriateness of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics was evaluated on the basis of reporting of method of description and central tendencies. Inferential statistics was evaluated on the basis of fulfilling of assumption of statistical methods and appropriateness of statistical tests. Values are described as frequencies, percentage, and 95% confidence interval (CI) around the percentages. RESULTS Inappropriate descriptive statistics was observed in 150 (78.1%, 95% CI 71.7-83.3%) articles. Most common reason for this inappropriate descriptive statistics was use of mean ± SEM at the place of "mean (SD)" or "mean ± SD." Most common statistical method used was one-way ANOVA (58.4%). Information regarding checking of assumption of statistical test was mentioned in only two articles. Inappropriate statistical test was observed in 61 (31.7%, 95% CI 25.6-38.6%) articles. Most common reason for inappropriate statistical test was the use of two group test for three or more groups. CONCLUSION Articles published in two Indian pharmacology journals are not devoid of statistical errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaykaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. Medical College, Surat, Gujarat - 395 001, India
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. Medical College, Surat, Gujarat - 395 001, India
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