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Scigliuolo GM, Boukouaci W, Cappelli B, Volt F, Rivera Franco MM, Dhédin N, de Latour RP, Devalck C, Dalle J, Castelle M, Hermine O, Chardin MO, Poiré X, Brichard B, Paillard C, Rafii H, Kenzey C, Wu C, Bouassida J, Robin M, Raus N, Rocha V, Ruggeri A, Gluckman E, Tamouza R. HLA haplotype frequencies and diversity in patients with hemoglobinopathies. EJHAEM 2023; 4:963-969. [PMID: 38024588 PMCID: PMC10660433 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system was shaped by evolutionary constraints exerted by environmental factors. Analyzing HLA diversity may allow understanding of the underlying pathways and offer useful tools in transplant setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the HLA haplotype diversity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD, N = 282) or β-thalassemia (β-Thal, N = 60), who received hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to Eurocord and the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM-TC). We identified 405 different HLA-A-B-DRB1 haplotypes in SCD and 108 in β-Thal patients. Using data from African and European populations of the "1000 Genomes Project" for comparison with SCD and β-Thal, respectively, we found that the haplotypes HLA-A*30-B*14-DRB1*15 (OR 7.87, 95% CI: 1.66-37.3, p b = 0.035), HLA-A*23-B*08 (OR 6.59, 95% CI: 1.8-24.13, p b = 0.023), and HLA-B*14-DRB1*15 (OR 10.74, 95% CI: 3.66-31.57, p b = 0.000) were associated with SCD, and the partial haplotypes HLA-A*30-B*13 and HLA-A*68-B*53 were associated with β-Thal (OR 4.810, 95% CI: 1.55-14.91, p b = 0.033, and OR 17.52, 95% CI: 2.81-184.95, p b = 0.011). Our results confirm the extreme HLA genetic diversity in SCD patients likely due to their African ancestry. This diversity seems less accentuated in patients with β-Thal. Our findings emphasize the need to expand inclusion of donors of African descent in HCT donor registries and cord blood banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana M. Scigliuolo
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de MonacoMonacoMonaco
| | - Wahid Boukouaci
- Laboratoire Neuro‐Psychiatrie TranslationnelleINSERM U955, IMRB, et APHPHôpital Henri MondorCréteilFrance
| | - Barbara Cappelli
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de MonacoMonacoMonaco
| | - Fernanda Volt
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Monica M. Rivera Franco
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Nathalie Dhédin
- Service d'hématologie Adolescents Jeunes AdultesHôpital Saint LouisAPHPParisFrance
| | | | - Christine Devalck
- HUDERF(Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola)Department of Hemato‐OncologyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | | | | | - Olivier Hermine
- AP‐HP, Department of Adult HematologyHôpital NeckerUniversity of ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Xavier Poiré
- Service d'hématologie, Cliniques Universitaires St‐LucUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Bénédicte Brichard
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and OncologyCliniques Universitaires Saint LucBrusselsBelgium
| | - Catherine Paillard
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation UnitHopital de HautepierreStrasbourgFrance
| | - Hanadi Rafii
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Chantal Kenzey
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Ching‐Lien Wu
- Laboratoire Neuro‐Psychiatrie TranslationnelleINSERM U955, IMRB, et APHPHôpital Henri MondorCréteilFrance
| | - Jihène Bouassida
- Laboratoire Neuro‐Psychiatrie TranslationnelleINSERM U955, IMRB, et APHPHôpital Henri MondorCréteilFrance
| | - Marie Robin
- Service d'Hématologie‐GreffeHôpital Saint‐Louis, APHPUniversité de Paris‐CitéParisFrance
- La Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie CellulaireLyonFrance
| | - Nicole Raus
- La Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie CellulaireLyonFrance
| | - Vanderson Rocha
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Faculty of MedicineHospital das ClínicasSão Paulo UniversitySão PauloBrazil
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Eliane Gluckman
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Monacord, Centre Scientifique de MonacoMonacoMonaco
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHPInstitut de Recherche de Saint‐Louis (IRSL) EA3518Université de Paris CitéParisFrance
- Laboratoire Neuro‐Psychiatrie TranslationnelleINSERM U955, IMRB, et APHPHôpital Henri MondorCréteilFrance
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Ma Y, Su H, Yuksel M, Longhi MS, McPhail M, Wang P, Bansal S, Wong GW, Graham J, Yang L, Thompson R, Doherty DG, Hadzic N, Zen Y, Quaglia A, Henghan M, Samyn M, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G. Human Leukocyte Antigen Profile Predicts Severity of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Children of European Ancestry. Hepatology 2021; 74:2032-2046. [PMID: 33971035 PMCID: PMC8463472 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adults is associated with possession of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A*01, B*08) and class II (DRB1*03, -04, -07, or -13) alleles, depending on geographic region. Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (AILD) comprises AIH-1, AIH-2, and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), which are phenotypically different from their adult counterparts. We aimed to define the relationship between HLA profile and disease course, severity, and outcome in juvenile AILD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We studied 236 children of European ancestry (152 female [64%], median age 11.15 years, range 0.8-17), including 100 with AIH-1, 59 with AIH-2, and 77 with ASC. The follow-up period was from 1977 to June 2019 (median 14.5 years). Class I and II HLA genotyping was performed using PCR/sequence-specific primers. HLA B*08, -DRB1*03, and the A1-B8-DR3 haplotype impart predisposition to all three forms of AILD. Homozygosity for DRB1*03 represented the strongest risk factor (8.8). HLA DRB1*04, which independently confers susceptibility to AIH in adults, was infrequent in AIH-1 and ASC, suggesting protection; and DRB1*15 (DR15) was protective against all forms of AILD. Distinct HLA class II alleles predispose to the different subgroups of juvenile AILD: DRB1*03 to AIH-1, DRB1*13 to ASC, and DRB1*07 to AIH-2. Possession of homozygous DRB1*03 or of DRB1*13 is associated with fibrosis at disease onset, and possession of these two genes in addition to DRB1*07 is associated with a more severe disease in all three subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Unique HLA profiles are seen in each subgroup of juvenile AILD. HLA genotype might be useful in predicting responsiveness to immunosuppressive treatment and course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Habin Su
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Liver Disease of Chinese PLA General Hospital, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammed Yuksel
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Koc University Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Bansal
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Guan-Wee Wong
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, 1 Jurong East Street, Singapore 609606
| | - Jonathon Graham
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Richard Thompson
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Derek G. Doherty
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nedim Hadzic
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Cancer Institute, Research Department of Pathology, London, UK
| | - Michael Henghan
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marianne Samyn
- Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies, MowatLabs, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Liver Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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HLA concordance between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and umbilical cord blood units: Implications for cord blood banking in admixed populations. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:714-722. [PMID: 31101373 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation is an important choice for treating a variety of hematopoietic, neoplastic, and genetic disorders. The optimal size for a cord blood bank to provide matching units for 80% of patients requiring a stem cell transplantation procedure depends on the particular characteristics of each population. In this study, we analyzed the immunogenetic diversity of a sample set of Mexican patients suffering from blood, hematopoietic, and immunological diseases, to assess the best strategy for cord blood banking. For achieving that, we analyzed HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 genotype and allele frequencies of both units from the bioarchive of the Umbilical Cord Blood Bank from La Raza and patients requiring a stem cell transplant and compared these variables with data from the same geographic and genetic context. We were able to detect significant differences for at least half of the alleles were observed for HLA class I and class II genes between units and patients. Five Native American haplotypes had lower frequencies in patients sample than in the cord blood units. Genetic admixture estimations for both groups showed a higher contribution of Native American component in the cord blood units. Differences in ancestral components in the Umbilical Cord Blood Bank from La Raza and six virtual banks modeled from a pool of Mexican mixed ancestry individuals show that genetic background is important in cord blood collection. In conclusion, increasing diversity over quantity of new cord blood units will improve the cost effectiveness of cord blood banking and health policies regarding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in admixed populations such as those present in Latin American countries.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Centrilobular zonal necrosis (CZN) is a known histological variant of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the significance of CZN is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether CZN is a hallmark of a distinctive subtype of AIH. METHODS Histological changes in the centrilobular zones of liver biopsies from 113 AIH patients were assessed by a single pathologist and classified into three categories: typical zonal necrosis defined as CZN (15 patients); other necroinflammatory change (NIC; 24 patients); and absence of necrosis (non-NIC; 74 patients). The clinicopathological features and immunogenetic background of CZN patients were then assessed. RESULTS The clinicopathological features of AIH with CZN were distinct from other types of AIH, including a higher frequency of acute onset, lower frequency of antinuclear antibodies, lower antinuclear antibody titers, lower serum immunoglobulin G levels, lower grade interface hepatitis, less prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and lower AIH score. Increased and decreased frequencies of HLA-DR9 and HLA-DR4, respectively, were identified as immunogenetic features of AIH with CZN. Conversely, the clinicopathological characteristics of AIH with NIC were similar to those of non-NIC AIH, including the majority of the AIH patients. The therapeutic outcomes of AIH with CZN were excellent when precise diagnoses were made without delay. CONCLUSION The clinicopathological features and immunogenetic background of AIH with CZN differed from AIH without CZN. CZN may be a hallmark of a distinct subtype of AIH.
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Brown N, Williams R. Cord blood banking - bio-objects on the borderlands between community and immunity. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2015; 11:11. [PMID: 26449725 PMCID: PMC4598333 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-015-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become the focus of intense efforts to collect, screen and bank haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in hundreds of repositories around the world. UCB banking has developed through a broad spectrum of overlapping banking practices, sectors and institutional forms. Superficially at least, these sectors have been widely distinguished in bioethical and policy literature between notions of the 'public' and the 'private', the commons and the market respectively. Our purpose in this paper is to reflect more critically on these distinctions and to articulate the complex practical and hybrid nature of cord blood as a 'bio-object' that straddles binary conceptions of the blood economies. The paper draws upon Roberto Esposito's reflections on biopolitics and his attempt to transcend the dualistic polarisations of immunity and community, or the private and the public. We suggest that his thoughts on immunitary hospitality resonate with many of the actual features and realpolitik of a necessarily internationalised and globally distributed UCB 'immunitary regime'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Brown
- Department of Sociology, Science and Technology Studies Unit (SATSU), University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Rosalind Williams
- Department of Sociology, Science and Technology Studies Unit (SATSU), University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Age-dependent HLA profiles of the Israeli population: impact on hematopoietic cell donor recruitment and availability. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:525-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Therapeutic targeting of naturally presented myeloperoxidase-derived HLA peptide ligands on myeloid leukemia cells by TCR-transgenic T cells. Leukemia 2014; 28:2355-66. [PMID: 24736212 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
T cells have been proven to be therapeutically effective in patients with relapsed leukemias, although target antigens on leukemic cells as well as T-cell receptors (TCRs), potentially recognizing those antigens, are mostly unknown. We have applied an immunopeptidomic approach and isolated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands from primary leukemia cells. We identified a number of ligands derived from different genes that are restrictedly expressed in the hematopoietic system. We exemplarily selected myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a potential target and isolated a high-avidity TCR with specificity for a HLA-B*07:02-(HLA-B7)-restricted epitope of MPO in the single HLA-mismatched setting. T cells transgenic for this TCR demonstrated high peptide and antigen specificity as well as leukemia reactivity in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, no significant on- and off-target toxicity could be observed. In conclusion, we here demonstrate, exemplarily for MPO, that leukemia-derived HLA ligands can be selected for specific effector tool development to redirect T cells to be used for graft manipulation or adoptive T-cell therapies in diverse transplant settings. This approach can be extended to other HLA ligands and HLA molecules in order to provide better treatment options for this life-threatening disease.
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Magalon J, Billard-Daufresne LM, Gilbertas C, Hermanche E, Simon S, Lemarie C, Calmels B, Sabatier F, Gamerre M, Picard C, Chabannon C. Assessing the HLA diversity of cord blood units collected from a birth clinic caring for pregnant women in an ethnically diverse metropolitan area. Transfusion 2013; 54:1046-54. [PMID: 23944705 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies are emerging in cord blood banking where focusing on birth clinics caring for a high number of mothers belonging to ethnic minorities could offer new possibilities for allotransplantation both for patients of European origin and for patients from ethnic minorities or mixed ancestries. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Marseilles Cord Blood Bank works with one university birth clinic caring for a culturally and sociologically diverse population. Stringent French legal restrictions apply to recording the geographic origin of parents. To circumvent this limitation and evaluate the contribution of newly banked cord blood units (CBUs) to increasing HLA diversity, we applied an algorithm that allows for the determination of parents' putative haplotypes and thus grossly deduce information on their ancestry. Generic resolution HLA-A, HLA-B, and allelic resolution HLA-DRB1 genotyping for 328 CBUs and 2691 unrelated donors (UDs) between January 2009 and May 2012 were performed. Enrichment from international CBU registry with nonreferenced generic HLA-A, HLA-B, and allelic HLA-DRB1 phenotypes was compared between CBUs identified with one or two non-European haplotypes and CBUs identified with two European haplotypes. RESULTS Marseilles CBUs display an increased proportion of HLA antigens frequently expressed in African populations compared to UDs. Whereas 93% of 199 CBUs identified with one or two non-European haplotypes enrich international CBU registry, this result is reduced to 42% for the 129 CBUs identified with two European haplotypes. CONCLUSION This study supports a new method to assess HLA diversity. However, such an increased of HLA diversity raises questions about frequencies of CBUs released and clinical relevance from their uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Magalon
- Cell Therapy Facility, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille; Cord Blood Bank, Marseille; Inserm CBT-510, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapie, Marseille
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Antoniewicz-Papis J, Lachert E, Woźniak J, Janik K, Łętowska M. Methods of freezing cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Transfusion 2013; 54:194-202. [PMID: 23621822 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood (CB) is a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Extended storage of CB is possible provided that validated cryopreservation procedures are used. The study objective was to determine optimal methods of CB cryopreservation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In the study we 1) compared the effect of two-step cryopreservation and controlled-rate freezing method on the postthaw quality of CB (Study A) and 2) evaluated the postthaw quality of HSC fractions isolated from CB with various methods and frozen with controlled-rate freezing method (Study B). The same cryoprotectant mixture was used for 20 CB units (Study A) and 122 CB units (Study B). RESULTS In Study A, 13.79 × 10(8) and 13.29 × 10(8) initial white blood cell (WBC) counts decreased to 6.38 × 10(8) and 6.02 × 10(8) after thaw for the two methods, respectively. The mononuclear cell (MNC) counts decreased from 5.90 × 10(8) to 3.71 × 10(8) and from 5.64 × 10(8) to 3.47 × 10(8) dependent on the method. MNC viability decreased from 99.0% to 97.4% for the former and from 98.5% to 97.2% for the latter method. The differences were insignificant. In Study B, postthaw WBC recovery in HSC fractions was 74.4% to 103.5%, MNC recovery 106.4% to 118.5%, CD34+ cell recovery 102.5% to 150.2%, and MNC viability 94.1% to 97.4%. CONCLUSION Neither the cryopreservation procedure nor the freezing of isolated HSCs affected product quality, which may indicate that various freezing methods can be used for cell banking provided the they follow recommendations of good manufacturing practice and Directive 2004/33/EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Antoniewicz-Papis
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostics for Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Buhler S, Nunes JM, Nicoloso G, Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. The heterogeneous HLA genetic makeup of the Swiss population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41400. [PMID: 22848484 PMCID: PMC3405111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the HLA molecular variation across Switzerland in order to determine possible regional differences, which would be highly relevant to several purposes: optimizing donor recruitment strategies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), providing reliable reference data in HLA and disease association studies, and understanding the population genetic background(s) of this culturally heterogeneous country. HLA molecular data of more than 20,000 HSCT donors from 9–13 recruitment centers of the whole country were analyzed. Allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated by using new computer tools adapted to the heterogeneity and ambiguity of the data. Non-parametric and resampling statistical tests were performed to assess Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, selective neutrality and linkage disequilibrium among different loci, both in each recruitment center and in the whole national registry. Genetic variation was explored through genetic distance and hierarchical analysis of variance taking into account both geographic and linguistic subdivisions in Switzerland. The results indicate a heterogeneous genetic makeup of the Swiss population: first, allele frequencies estimated on the whole national registry strongly deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, by contrast with the results obtained for individual centers; second, a pronounced differentiation is observed for Ticino, Graubünden, and, to a lesser extent, Wallis, suggesting that the Alps represent(ed) a barrier to gene flow; finally, although cultural (linguistic) boundaries do not represent a main genetic differentiation factor in Switzerland, the genetic relatedness between population from south-eastern Switzerland and Italy agrees with historical and linguistic data. Overall, this study justifies the maintenance of a decentralized donor recruitment structure in Switzerland allowing increasing the genetic diversity of the national—and hence global—donor registry. It also indicates that HLA data of local donor recruitment centers can be used as reference data in both epidemiological and population genetic studies focusing on the genetic history of present European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Buhler
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution-Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Yoon JH, Shin S, Park MH, Song EY, Roh EY. HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 allele frequencies and haplotypic association from DNA typing data of 7096 Korean cord blood units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:170-3. [PMID: 20196826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) distribution in 7096 Korean cord blood (CB) units preserved at the public CB bank was analyzed by using the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) method. A total of 14 HLA-A, 33 HLA-B, 13 HLA-DRB1 alleles and 2470 three-locus haplotypes were identified. The results are generally similar to those from the previous Korean studies, but the frequencies of less frequent haplotypes < 0.1% are more relevant and infrequent haplotypes with strong linkage disequilibrium were newly found because of the large sample size. Our results showed some similarities to those of other Asians but also some differences, suggesting a rationale for an Asian network for a hematopoietic stem-cell donor registry. Results from this large-scale analysis will be useful in Korean and Asian registry planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bowman C, Delrieu O. Immunogenetics of drug-induced skin blistering disorders. Part II: Synthesis. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:779-816. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall immunopathogenesis relevant to a large series of disorders caused by a drug or its associated hyperimmune condition is discussed based upon examining the genetics of severe drug-induced bullous skin problems (sporadic idiosyncratic adverse events including Stevens–Johnson syndrome and Toxic epidermal necrolysis). New results from an exemplar study on shared precipitating and perpetuating inner causes with other related disease phenotypes including aphtous stomatitis, Behçets, erythema multiforme, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, pemphigus, periodic fevers, Sweet’s syndrome and drug-induced multisystem hypersensitivity are presented. A call for a collaborative, wider demographic profiling and deeper immunotyping in suggested future work is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
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Meyer-Monard S, Passweg J, Troeger C, Eberhard HP, Roosnek E, de Faveri GN, Chalandon Y, Rovo A, Kindler V, Irion O, Holzgreve W, Gratwohl A, Müller C, Tichelli A, Tiercy JM. Cord blood banks collect units with different HLA alleles and haplotypes to volunteer donor banks: a comparative report from Swiss Blood stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 43:771-8. [PMID: 19060930 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic SCT is a standard therapy for many patients with haematological diseases. A major aim of public umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking is to establish an inventory with a large HLA diversity. Few studies have compared HLA diversity between UCB banks and volunteer unrelated donor (VUD) registries and examined whether UCB banks indeed collect more units with rare alleles and haplotypes. This study compares HLA-A/B/DRB1 allele frequencies and inferred A/B/DRB1-haplotypes in 1602 UCB units and 3093 VUD from two centres in distinct recruitment areas in Switzerland. The results show that the frequencies of HLA-DRB1 alleles as well as of the HLA-A/B/DRB1 haplotypes differ between UCB and VUD. Ten DRB1 alleles occurred at a 2- to 12-fold higher relative frequency in UCB than in VUD and 27 rare alleles were identified in UCB. Out of these 27 alleles, 15 were absent in the entire VUD data set of the national registry. This difference in allele frequencies was found only by intermediate/high-resolution typing. Targeted recruitment of UCB units from non-Caucasian donors could further increase HLA allele and haplotype diversity of available donors. Intermediate or high-resolution DNA typing is essential to identify rare alleles or allele groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer-Monard
- Division of Hematology, Basel Stem Cell Transplant Team, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Wen SH, Lai MJ, Yang KL. Human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, and -DRB1 haplotypes of cord blood units in the Tzu Chi Taiwan Cord Blood Bank. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:430-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Chuang WCM, Sarkodie F, Brown CJ, Owusu-Ofori S, Brown J, Li C, Navarrete C, Klenerman P, Allain JP. Protective effect of HLA-B57 on HCV genotype 2 infection in a West African population. J Med Virol 2007; 79:724-33. [PMID: 17546694 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered infrequent (<20%) in western populations but reaches 50% in West Africa where genotype 2 infection is predominant. To investigate the role of cellular immune responses and host genetics in this phenomenon, samples from 104 Ghanaian blood donors reactive with anti-HCV assays were collected between 2000 and 2005. HCV antibody was confirmed by Western blot using genotype 2 recombinant core, E2 and NS3 proteins. Viral load and genotype were determined. Samples were stratified into 37 chronic, 35 recovered infections and 32 false positive. Eighty-one percentage of subjects with chronic infection (RNA positive) carried genotype 2 HCV. Cellular immune response was investigated in 35 frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples suitable for interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay. Twelve out of 24 confirmed recovered, 1 out of 5 chronically infected and none of the 6 false-positive controls reacted to recombinant proteins. HLA-A, -B and -DR types were determined by DNA methodology. HLA-B*57 was significantly more frequent in the group which had recovered from HCV infection compared with chronically infected subjects (P = 0.0053, OR = 8.02). In conclusion, it is hypothesized that the dominance of genotype 2 HCV strains may be an important factor explaining the high rate of recovery from HCV infections in Ghana via an efficient contribution of HLA-B*57 which is relatively frequent in the population.
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Yang G, Liu J, Han S, Xie H, Du R, Yan Y, Xu D, Fan D. Association between hepatitis B virus infection and HLA-DRB1 genotyping in Shaanxi Han patients in northwestern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:170-5. [PMID: 17257320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The mechanism of susceptibility to chronic persistent HBV infection is not well clarified, while the outcome of HBV infection mainly depends on the host immune response. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecule is an integral component of the immune response on which majority of host genetic studies have concentrated. Many different HLA class II alleles have been demonstrated to play roles in HBV infection. In this study, the association between HBV infection and HLA-DRB1 alleles in Han individuals in northwestern China was studied for the first time. Two hundred and fifty Shaanxi Han individuals were categorized into three different groups: the HBV-infected patient group (n = 108), the spontaneously cleared control group (n = 108) and the unexposed group (n = 34). DRB1*04, DRB1*09, DRB1*12 and DRB1*15 were the most common genotypes in all the groups. The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*03 [10.6% of HBV-infected patients vs 3.7% of spontaneously cleared controls, odds ratios (OR) = 3.10, Pc = 0.008, P < 0.05] and HLA-DRB1*07 (17.6% of HBV-infected patients vs 9.3% of spontaneously cleared controls, Pc = 0.016, OR = 2.09, P < 0.05) were markedly higher in the HBV-infected group. But the allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1*15 (6.9% of HBV-infected patients vs 13.4% of spontaneously cleared controls Pc = 0.039, OR = 0.48, P < 0.05) were obviously lower than that of the spontaneously cleared controls. The above data indicate that HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*07 are related to susceptibility to chronic HBV infection, and DRB1*15 is negatively related to persistence to chronic HBV infection among people in northwestern China. Similar results were got for DRB1*03 and 15 alleles between the HBV-infected patients (n = 108) and 46 HBV seronegative spouses of the HBV patients, who were high-risk group for HBV infection. The above results suggest that host HLA class II gene is an important factor in determination of the outcome of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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18
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Geluk A, Lin MY, van Meijgaarden KE, Leyten EMS, Franken KLMC, Ottenhoff THM, Klein MR. T-cell recognition of the HspX protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis correlates with latent M. tuberculosis infection but not with M. bovis BCG vaccination. Infect Immun 2007; 75:2914-21. [PMID: 17387166 PMCID: PMC1932904 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01990-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During stationary growth or in vitro conditions mimicking relevant aspects of latency, the HspX protein (Rv2031c) is specifically upregulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study we compared T-cell responses against HspX and the secreted M. tuberculosis protein Ag85B (Rv1886c) in tuberculosis (TB) patients, tuberculin skin test-positive individuals, M. bovis BCG-vaccinated individuals, and healthy negative controls. Gamma interferon responses to HspX were significantly higher in M. tuberculosis-exposed individuals than in M. tuberculosis-unexposed BCG vaccinees. In contrast, no such differences were found with respect to T-cell responses against Ag85B. Therefore, BCG-based vaccines containing relevant fragments of HspX may induce improved responses against this TB latency antigen. To identify relevant major histocompatibility complex class I- and class II-restricted HspX-specific T-cell epitopes, we immunized HLA-A2/K(b) and HLA-DR3.Ab(0) transgenic (tg) mice with HspX. Two new T-cell epitopes were identified, p91-105 and p31-50, restricted via HLA-A*0201 and HLA-DRB1*0301, respectively. These epitopes were recognized by human T cells as well, underlining the relevance of HspX T-cell recognition both in vivo and in vitro. In line with the data in humans, BCG immunization of both tg strains did not lead to T-cell responses against HspX-derived epitopes, whereas nonlatency antigens were efficiently recognized. These data support the notion that BCG vaccination per se does not induce T-cell responses against the latency antigen, HspX. Thus, we suggest that subunit vaccines incorporating HspX and/or other latency antigens, as well as recombinant BCG strains expressing latency antigens need to be considered as new vaccines against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Dalle JH, Duval M, Moghrabi A, Wagner E, Vachon MF, Barrette S, Bernstein M, Champagne J, David M, Demers J, Rousseau P, Winikoff R, Champagne MA. Results of an unrelated transplant search strategy using partially HLA-mismatched cord blood as an immediate alternative to HLA-matched bone marrow. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:605-11. [PMID: 14743192 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is an alternative to other sources of stem cells for transplantation. However, the impact of including CB in the initial strategy of unrelated graft search in a cohort of patients has been the object of limited analysis. Here, we report the results of such a strategy in 91 consecutive children. Absence of mismatch was required for adult donors, and up to two mismatches were allowed for CB grafts, with a nucleated cell dose over 2.5 x 10(7) cells/kg. A graft was found for 84 of the 85 children who remained available for a 3-month search. In all, 64 patients were transplanted, 36 with CB and 28 with bone marrow (BM). Primary graft failure, acute grade II-IV and extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred in five, five and zero CB, and in three, one and two BM patients, respectively. The 3-year survival was 59% in CB and 57% in BM patients. Accepting CB as a source of stem cells offers a graft to almost every child in need of an unrelated transplantation, with a probability of survival similar to that of unrelated BM transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Dalle
- 1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Davey S, Armitage S, Rocha V, Garnier F, Brown J, Brown CJ, Warwick R, Fehily D, Watt S, Gluckman E, Vora A, Contreras M, Navarrete CV. The London Cord Blood Bank: analysis of banking and transplantation outcome. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:358-65. [PMID: 15086417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood units (n = 5500) stored at the London Cord Blood Bank, including 59 units transplanted into a high risk and heterogeneous group of patients, were analysed. Transplant outcome data was available for 44 patients with a median clinical follow-up of 14 months (range 3-44 months). Over 40% of the collected units were of ethnic minority origin with a median volume of 79 ml (range 40-240 ml) and a median total nucleated cell (TNC) count of 11.9 x 10(9)/l (range 10.0-24.8 x 10(9)/l). The average patient's weight was 28 kg (range 5-80 kg) and the median age was 8 years (range 0.7-40 years). The median number of nucleated cells infused was 4 x 10(7)/kg (range 1.10-16 x 10(7)/kg). Neutrophil engraftment of 0.5 x 10(9)/l was observed in 33 (74+/-%) patients with an average time of 28 days (range 11-60). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of acute graft-versus-host disease (grade II >) at day 100 was 37 +/- 7% and in 27 (62%) patients, it was grade I or absent. The overall survival and disease-free survival at 2 years was 49 +/- 8% and 41 +/- 8%, respectively. Two years after transplantation the survival rate was 69% and 54% for patients receiving a 6/6 or 5/6 HLA matched units, respectively. Infection was the main cause of transplanted related mortality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Davey
- The London Cord Blood Bank, National Blood Service, Colindale Centre, London, UK
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21
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Watkins NA, Dafforn TR, Kuijpers M, Brown C, Javid B, Lehner PJ, Navarrete C, Ouwehand WH. Molecular studies of anti-HLA-A2 using light-chain shuffling: a structural model for HLA antibody binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:345-54. [PMID: 15009806 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A2 is one of the most immunodominant HLA antigens. Through a process of light-chain variable domain (VL) shuffling, we analyzed the VL domains' role in anti-HLA-A2/A28-binding site diversity. This was achieved by combining a VH3-30-encoded HLA-A2/A28-specific heavy-chain variable domain with 10(4) non-immune VL domains. Twelve HLA-A2/A28-specific antibodies were subsequently identified. VL gene analysis demonstrated an absence of Vlambda domains and that all have VkappaI-encoded light chains. The affinities correlated with the VkappaI gene present, with the seven highest affinity antibodies using Vkappa domains encoded by the O18 gene segment. A 300-fold difference in affinity was observed between the 12 antibodies, and homology modeling demonstrated a correlation between electrostatic surface potential of the antigen-binding site and affinity for HLA. Overlap between the T-cell receptor-binding site and that of the antibodies was indicated by inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing of peptide-pulsed target cells. A model of antibody binding to HLA-A2 suggested contact with both alpha helices of the HLA molecule, such that the antigen-binding site spans the peptide-binding groove. These data increase the understanding of antibody recognition of HLA and may facilitate the production of clonotypic antibodies with peptide-specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Watkins
- Department of Hematology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK.
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22
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Wada RK, Bradford A, Moogk M, Yim R, Strong DM, Drachman J, Reems JA. Cord blood units collected at a remote site: a collaborative endeavor to collect umbilical cord blood through the Hawaii Cord Blood Bank and store the units at the Puget Sound Blood Center. Transfusion 2004; 44:111-8. [PMID: 14692976 DOI: 10.1046/j.0041-1132.2004.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood is a useful source of hematopoietic stem cells, especially because compared to equivalent HLA-matched stem cells from unrelated adult donors. A network of community collection sites targeted at particular ethnic groups and serviced by a central processing and storage facility can maximize the genetic diversity of banked cord blood units (CBUs) in a cost-effective fashion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The present study compared CBUs collected near the Puget Sound Blood Center in Seattle, WA, with those collected in Honolulu, HI, and processed in Seattle. Evaluated variables include collection volume, total nucleated cell count, cellular viability, CD34+ cell count, clonogenic activity, and donor race for a total of 1646 CBUs received from July 1998 through November 2002. RESULTS CBUs from the two sites did not differ with regard to volume or total nucleated cells. Those from Hawaii had significantly longer transit times (p < 0.001) and lower whole cord blood cell viability. However, the numbers of CFU and viable CD34+ cells were not affected by remote collection. CBUs screened from Seattle were largely from Caucasian donors, whereas over 85 percent of those from Honolulu were from donors of Asian-Pacific Islander or mixed ethnicity. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate the feasibility of long-distance umbilical cord blood banking. Arrangements such as those described here could be used to help target cost-effective collection from minority populations and increase the HLA and ethnic diversity for CBUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal K Wada
- Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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23
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Hurley CK, Fernandez Vina M, Setterholm M. Maximizing optimal hematopoietic stem cell donor selection from registries of unrelated adult volunteers. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2003; 61:415-24. [PMID: 12823765 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Today, more than 50 registries of HLA-typed potential adult hematopoietic stem cell donors have been established in 40 countries and include more than 7.5 million volunteers. HLA testing of new volunteers includes HLA-A, -B and often -DR typing at low to intermediate resolution. Searching patients are tested for these same loci, preferably at a higher level of resolution. Over 95,000 patient searches are received by registries annually resulting in approximately 4660 unrelated transplants. In 2001, nearly one-third of transplants involved a patient in one country receiving stem cells from a donor in another. The diversity of the HLA system complicates the search process, requiring sophisticated registry algorithms for matching, and expertise in allele and haplotype frequencies and associations to design search strategies. Within registries, HLA frequency data have been used to evaluate optimal registry size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Hurley
- Department of Oncology, CW Bill Young Marrow Donor Recruitment and Research Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Petersdorf EW, Anasetti C, Martin PJ, Hansen JA. Tissue typing in support of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2003; 61:1-11. [PMID: 12622772 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.610101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The success of unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies has closely paralleled development of robust typing methods for comprehensive and precise donor-recipient matching. The application of molecular methods in clinical research has led to a more complete understanding of the immunogenetic barriers involving host-vs-graft (HVG) and graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions. Along with the development of less toxic transplant regimens, advances in the prevention and treatment of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and in the supportive care of the transplant recipient, improved HLA matching of potential unrelated donors has led to clinical results that begin to compare favorably with that of HLA-identical sibling transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Petersdorf
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Ctr, Division of Clinical Research, and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98109-1024, USA.
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25
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Ballen KK, Hicks J, Dharan B, Ambruso D, Anderson K, Bianco C, Bemiller L, Dickey W, Lottenberg R, O'Neill M, Popovsky M, Skerrett D, Sniecinski I, Wingard JR. Racial and ethnic composition of volunteer cord blood donors: comparison with volunteer unrelated marrow donors. Transfusion 2002; 42:1279-84. [PMID: 12423511 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood is an alternative peripheral blood progenitor cell source for patients who need transplantation. A presumed advantage of cord blood is the ability to increase minority recruitment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The racial composition of five member cord blood banks of the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) was compared, representing 9020 cord blood donors with NMDP marrow donors from comparable geographic areas, representing 417,676 donors. Cord blood and marrow donors self-reported racial designations on questionnaires. Donor statistics were compared with baseline racial data of deliveries from participating hospitals for cord blood donors and with geographic census data for marrow donors. RESULTS The California, Florida, and Massachusetts cord blood banks recruited a lower percentage of minorities than the corresponding marrow donor centers. In New York and Colorado, minority recruitment was equivalent. In California, Florida, Massachusetts, and New York, the cord blood banks recruited a lower percentage of minorities than those delivering at the respective hospitals. The cord blood banks in California, Colorado, Florida, and Massachusetts recruited a lower percentage of minorities compared with delivery data than the corresponding marrow donor centers compared with census population (p < 0.001). In New York, the percentages were similar. CONCLUSION The problem of insufficient minority recruitment of cord blood has not yet been solved. Better strategies are needed to recruit minority donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Ballen
- American Red Cross Cord Blood Program, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, USA.
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26
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Stanworth S, Warwick R, Fehily D, Persaud C, Armitage S, Navarrete C, Contreras M. An international survey of unrelated umbilical cord blood banking. Vox Sang 2001; 80:236-43. [PMID: 11455961 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2001.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate operational and technical practices within the field of cord blood banking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cord blood banks world-wide were invited to participate in a survey of collection, processing and testing. The survey covered a 12-month period up to August 1998. RESULTS Replies were received from 18 cord blood banks. Analysis of the survey responses demonstrated wide variations in many aspects of cord blood banking. CONCLUSION There is a need for standardization to ensure adoption of best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stanworth
- London Cord Blod Bank, National Blood Service--North London Centre, UK
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