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Hamad L, Ahmed SM, van Eerden E, van Walraven SM, Machin L. Remuneration of donors for cell and gene therapies: an update on the principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:580-586. [PMID: 38396211 PMCID: PMC11073962 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The cell and gene therapy (CGT) sector has witnessed significant advancement over the past decade, the inception of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) being one of the most transformational. ATMPs treat serious medical conditions, in some cases providing curative therapy for seriously ill patients. There is interest in pivoting the ATMP development from autologous based treatments to allogenic, to offer faster and greater patient access that should ultimately reduce treatment costs. Consequently, starting material from allogenic donors is required, igniting ethical issues associated with financial gains and donor remuneration within CGT. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) established the Cellular Therapy Committee to identify the role WMDA can play in safeguarding donors and patients in the CGT field. Here we review key ethical principles in relation to donating cellular material for the CGT field. We present the updated statement from WMDA on donor remuneration, which supports non-remuneration as the best way to ensure the safety and well-being of donors and patients alike. This is in line with the fundamental objective of the WMDA to maintain the health and safety of volunteer donors while ensuring high-quality stem cell products are available for all patients. We acknowledge that the CGT field is evolving at a rapid pace and there will be a need to review this position as new practices and applications come to pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hamad
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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2
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Audit of donor centre: guidelines by the World Marrow Donor Association Quality and Regulation Working Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:466-472. [PMID: 35031710 PMCID: PMC8758925 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
According to the Standards of the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) 2020 [1] unrelated stem cell donor registries are responsible for compliance of their donor centres with these Standards. To ensure high stem cell product quality and high standards for safety and satisfaction of voluntary unrelated stem cell donors, we present here guidelines for audits of donor centres (DC) that can be used by new and established donor registries. They have been developed for registries relying on independent national or international DCs for the recruitment and management of Unrelated Donors (UD) for verification typing (VT)/extended tying (ET), work up processes and Hemopoietic Progenitor Cell (HPC) donation. The main goal of these guidelines is to support registries in verifying and auditing their affiliated DCs to ensure they are compliant with the WMDA Standards, as well as WMDA recommendations. We define the general requirements and recommendations for collaboration with the DC and guidelines to manage the UD, step by step from recruitment to follow-up. We also provide a checklist, intended to serve as a resource for auditors performing an audit at a DC.
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3
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Marwa B, Krueger J, Stephenson EA, Davidson S, Allan D, Knoppers B, Zawati M, Sullivan P, Shlien A, Malkin D, Fernandez CV, Villani A. Ethical and Analytic Challenges With Genomic Sequencing of Relapsed Hematologic Malignancies Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:1339-1347. [DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of precision medicine and next-generation sequencing technologies in the field of oncology is a novel approach being more widely studied and used in cases of high-risk primary and recurrent malignancies. Leukemias are the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in children and the sixth most in adults. Relapsed leukemia represents a major component of the population that may benefit from genomic sequencing. However, ethical and analytic challenges arise when considering sequencing of biologic samples obtained from patients with relapsed leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Blood from the recipient after transplantation would include donor-derived cells and thus, genomic sequencing of recipient blood will interrogate the donor germline in addition to the somatic genetic profile of the leukemia cells and the recipient germline. This is a situation for which the donor will not have typically provided consent and may be particularly problematic if actionable secondary or incidental findings related to the donor are uncovered. We present the challenges raised in this scenario and provide strategies to mitigate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Marwa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IWK, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joerg Krueger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Stephenson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Davidson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Allan
- Stem Cells, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bartha Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ma'n Zawati
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conrad V. Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IWK, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- The Department of Bioethics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Fingrut W, Messner HA, Allan D. Targeted recruitment of optimal donors for unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation: The Stem Cell Club process. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 13:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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5
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Fingrut W, Cuperfain AB, Chan SWS, Ptak E, Kahlon M, Dhaliwal J, Naidu A, Wang YG, Baribeau O, Mahmoudi T, Lee A, Suppiah R, Luo OD, Green M, Weiss JT, Mercer D, Elmoazzen H, Petraszko T, Allan D. Development and evaluation of stem cell collection procedure diagrams to support the education and recruitment of committed stem cell donors. Vox Sang 2020; 116:239-248. [PMID: 32970876 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagrams which allow potential unrelated stem cell donors to visualize the stem cell collection process were hypothesized to support the recruitment and education of committed stem cell donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A series of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell collection procedure diagrams were developed, featuring young adult male donors of varied ethnic backgrounds. Post-implementation, surveys were conducted to evaluate stakeholder perspective on the diagrams' utility. A quality improvement project was conducted at five stem cell drives from 2017 to 2018 at which recruiters did or did not show the diagrams to potential donors. Following the drives, registrants were invited to complete a survey exploring their experience, knowledge and attitude towards donation. RESULTS The diagrams were implemented in Canada in 07/2016. Of 293 participating registrants (24·7% non-Caucasian males) recruited at five drives between 2017 and 2018, 76% (n = 197) were shown the diagrams. Participants who were shown the diagrams were significantly more likely to report that the recruiters appeared very knowledgeable (89% vs. 76%, P = 0·019) and to report improved self-reported knowledge of stem cell donation (P = 0·010) compared to participants not shown the diagram. Data are also shown demonstrating that stakeholders in donor recruitment used and valued the diagrams and that use of the diagrams was associated with improved donor recruitment outcomes in Canada. CONCLUSION This report is the first evaluation of stem cell collection diagrams in the literature. The diagrams are relevant to donor registries, recruitment organizations and transplant centres worldwide, and their use may support efforts to educate and recruit committed, ethnically diverse donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fingrut
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ari B Cuperfain
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sze Wah Samuel Chan
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Ptak
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manjot Kahlon
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justine Dhaliwal
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anish Naidu
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yongjun George Wang
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Owen Baribeau
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Mahmoudi
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Lee
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Roopa Suppiah
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Owen D Luo
- Stem Cell Club, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Tanya Petraszko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Allan
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Mishra VC, Tiwari AK, Dorwal P, Raina V, Sharma G. A guide to organize voluntary stem cell donors recruitment drive for hematopoietic progenitor stem cell transplant. Asian J Transfus Sci 2019; 13:39-42. [PMID: 31360009 PMCID: PMC6580826 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_145_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) is used as a definitive treatment in hematological malignancies. For a successful HPCT, the donor and recipient should have matching human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). About 25% of patients have a chance of finding matching HLA within family, while rests 75% are dependent on voluntary stem cell donor. Globally, there are 75 stem cell registries with more than 30 million donors registered among which India represents 0.36 million. Therefore, finding a stem cell donor for Indian patient is quite difficult. The aim of the present study is to discuss the significance of voluntary stem cell donor recruitment drive and also to guide the drive organizers and their team for effectively organizing the drive to increase the database of such donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voluntary stem cell donor recruitment drives are conducted to spread awareness among the people and motivate them to register as a donor. Once the donors have given their consent, the sample is taken and sent to laboratory for HLA typing and the result is uploaded in World Marrow Donor Association, an international association of member to find the best possible matches for patients with hematological disorders. RESULTS: Genebandhu has organized over 127 recruitment camps since 2012 and recruited 13,000 voluntary stem cell donors. HLA typing of 7446 donors has been completed. Out of this small number of typed donors, 11 lifesaving HPCTs have been successfully facilitated. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we have demonstrated guidelines along with steps to organize voluntary stem cell donors recruitment drive that is needed to increase number of donors, thus increasing significantly the chances of saving many vital lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Chandra Mishra
- Chimera Transplant Research Foundation, New Delhi, India.,GeneBandhu, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem K Tiwari
- GeneBandhu, New Delhi, India.,Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | - Vimarsh Raina
- Chimera Transplant Research Foundation, New Delhi, India.,GeneBandhu, New Delhi, India
| | - Girish Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Amity Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Lara-Weisshaupt E, Tistl I, Hale K, Torosian T, Schlaphoff T, Manor S, Jindra P, Schöffel-Weiß S, Audat F, Abress L, Pingel J. Audits of collection and apheresis centers: guidelines by the World Marrow Donor Association Working Group Quality and Regulation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:244-257. [PMID: 30108327 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
According to the Standards of the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), unrelated stem cell donor registries and donor centers are responsible for compliance of their collection and apheresis centers with these Standards. To ensure high stem cell product quality and high standards for safety and satisfaction of voluntary unrelated stem cell donors, we here present guidelines for audits of collection and apheresis centers that can be used by new and established donor registries, as well as by collection centers in preparation of audits. We define the general requirements and recommendations for collaboration with the collection and apheresis centers and define critical procedures for the collection of the stem cell product, such as information session, medical assessment, product collection, quality controls, product handover for transportation, and donor follow-up. The specific guidelines are accompanied by detailed checklists and forms that can be found in Supplementary Information and may be used during an initial or follow-up on-site or paper-based audit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Tistl
- Zentrales Knochenmarkspender-Register Deutschland (ZKRD), Ulm, Germany
| | - Kuchen Hale
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Sigal Manor
- Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Czech National Marrow Donors Registry, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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8
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Holbro A, Baldomero H, Lanza F, Chabannon C, Snowden JA, Buser A, Infanti L, Worel N, Sureda A, Badoglio M, Passweg J, Bonini C. Handling, processing and disposal of stem cell products in Europe: A survey by the cellular therapy and immunobiology working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:453-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Fingrut W, Parmar S, Cuperfain A, Rikhraj K, Charman E, Ptak E, Kahlon M, Graham A, Luong S, Wang YG, Yu J, Arora N, Suppiah R, Li EW, Lee A, Welsh C, Benzaquen M, Thatcher A, Baharmand I, Ladd A, Petraszko T, Allan D, Messner H. The Stem Cell Club: a model for unrelated stem cell donor recruitment. Transfusion 2017; 57:2928-2936. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Bioethical Lens. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1286246. [PMID: 28740510 PMCID: PMC5504964 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1286246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of a range of therapeutic options available to patients suffering from various diseases. HSCT procedure involves important ethical and legal aspects that can occur at every phase of the procedure: the clinical choice of whether to perform the procedure, pretransplantation preparation regimens, donor selection, stem cell harvest procedure, transplantation phase, and short-term and long-term follow-up care. In this discussion paper, we outline the ethical issue-facing physicians involved in HSCT. Currently, HSCT is a widely accepted treatment for many life-threatening diseases. It thus represents a real therapeutic hope for many patients. It does, however, carry a burden of possible morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there are substantial information and communication issues involved in the consent process for HSCT. In the final decision, the judgements of different parties, such as patients, family members, and healthcare professionals, intersect and overlap and this is particularly true when the patient is a minor. Finally, HSCT is a very expensive procedure. The social and economic concerns of HSCT are discussed within the actual contextual framework of the dramatic increase in healthcare costs and inequalities in healthcare in relation to socioeconomic status, educational status, and ethnicity.
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11
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Remuneration of hematopoietic stem cell donors: principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association. Blood 2011; 117:21-5. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-298430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative procedure for life-threatening hematologic diseases. Donation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from an unrelated donor, frequently residing in another country, may be the only option for 70% of those in need of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To maximize the opportunity to find the best available donor, individual donor registries collaborate internationally. To provide homogeneity of practice among registries, the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) sets standards against which registries are accredited and provides guidance and regulations about unrelated donor safety and care. A basic tenet of the donor registries is that unrelated HSC donation is an altruistic act; nonpayment of donors is entrenched in the WMDA standards and in international practice. In the United States, the prohibition against remuneration of donors has recently been challenged. Here, we describe the reasons that the WMDA continues to believe that HSC donors should not be paid because of ethical concerns raised by remuneration, potential to damage the public will to act altruistically, the potential for coercion and exploitation of donors, increased risk to patients, harm to local transplantation programs and international stem cell exchange, and the possibility of benefiting some patients while disadvantaging others.
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12
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King RJ, Confer DL, Greinix HT, Halter J, Horowitz M, Schmidt AH, Costeas P, Shaw B, Egeland T. Unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donors as research subjects. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:10-3. [PMID: 20190845 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Requests for participation of unrelated stem cell donors in research transplant protocols are becoming more frequent. World Marrow Donor Association calls on donor registries to participate in research activities. Here, we discuss various implications of research participation and make some recommendations as how to make this possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J King
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Donor safety: the role of the WMDA in ensuring the safety of volunteer unrelated donors: clinical and ethical considerations. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 45:832-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Abstract
The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) is an international organization fostering collaboration in clinical transplantation and promoting the interests of unrelated stem cell donors. The WMDA has developed standards for the recruitment, counseling, work-up and subsequent donations to protect the interests of donors. Although the care of family donors has been carefully considered and managed in transplant centers (TCs) internationally over numerous years (and increasingly TCs are facing accreditation programs, which address this issue) there is currently a lack of standardized guidelines for the management of family donors. The underlying principles of family donor care are in many ways identical to those concerning unrelated donors, although key ethical considerations differ. Although the WMDA is primarily involved in the field of unrelated donors, we believe that it is important to collaborate with those involved with family donors, to standardize the care. This document hopes to encourage increased collaboration between those caring for related and unrelated donors, and build on the extensive work, which has already been undertaken in this field to homogenize care. We recognize that there will be financial, regulatory and logistic differences in different countries and that the manner in which these principles are achieved may vary.
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15
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Shaz BH, Demmons DG, Hillyer CD. Critical evaluation of informed consent forms for adult and minor aged whole blood donation used by United States blood centers. Transfusion 2009; 49:1136-45. [PMID: 19220819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donation is a medical procedure with attendant risks, and thus blood donors should undergo acceptable informed consent. There are no guidelines for the informed consent forms (ICFs) for whole blood donors or for parental consent forms (PCFs) for minor age blood donors. The goal of the study was to determine if the majority of the generally accepted elements of informed consent are provided to volunteer allogeneic whole blood donors in the United States. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ICFs and PCFs along with their accompanying general information forms (GIFs) from nonmilitary blood collection establishments for allogeneic whole blood donation were collected throughout the United States and scored using a system based on the essential elements of informed consent derived from guidelines of consent for research subjects. The overall score for each ICF and PCF was obtained. RESULTS Twenty-one ICFs and 37 PCFs from 48 states representing major collection centers within the United States were scored. The mean score for the common essential elements ICFs was 35 percent (range, 10%-80%) and for PCFs was 46 percent (range, 10%-90%). CONCLUSION None of the whole blood allogeneic donation informed consents surveyed contained all the common essential or specific blood donation information desired. There is a need for national guidelines for the informed consent process for both the donor and the parent of a minor to ensure adequate information is specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Shaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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16
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17
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Bochtler W, Maiers M, Oudshoorn M, Marsh SGE, Raffoux C, Mueller C, Hurley CK. World Marrow Donor Association guidelines for use of HLA nomenclature and its validation in the data exchange among hematopoietic stem cell donor registries and cord blood banks. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:737-41. [PMID: 17438587 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of the European Marrow Donor Information System in the first half of the last decade, fully automated data exchange between registry computer systems has been playing an ever-increasing role in the international search for unrelated donors of blood progenitor cells. This exchange, however, was hampered by different local conventions used to present HLA data and complicated by the need to extend the official WHO nomenclature to accommodate the registries' information systems and to cross-validate HLA data obtained with different methods and/or at different loci. The guidelines presented here have been developed by the World Marrow Donor Association to standardize the nomenclature to be used and the validation checks to be applied in the international electronic exchange of HLA-typing data among unrelated volunteer hematopoietic stem cell donor registries and umbilical cord blood banks. Two reference web sites have been designated to maintain and update the approved HLA nomenclature and all the ancillary information needed by the conventions described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bochtler
- Information Technology and Quality Assurance Working Groups of the World Marrow Donor Association, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Au WY, Lie AKW, Cheng JW, Liang R, Kwong YL. Long-term donor health and its relationship with outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006; 37:451-3. [PMID: 16415890 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Data on long-term follow-up of donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are limited. Donors of 612 adult allogeneic HSCT were studied, at a median of 81 (14-181) months post-HSC donation. Nine donors had severe health problems. Five donors died from aggressive malignancies or terminal illness, at a median of 41 (16-57) months post-donation. Notably, all their recipients had leukemic relapses. In contrast, donors of recipients in remission were all living. This observation might be due to an inherent depressed immunosurveillance in the donors, or selection of donors with suboptimal health for desperate patients with poor risks pre-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Au
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Hurley CK, Raffoux C. World Marrow Donor Association: international standards for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donor registries. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 34:103-10. [PMID: 15170173 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
World Marrow Donor Association standards are aimed at enhancing the quality of unrelated volunteer donor hematopoietic stem cell registries assisting transplant physicians in the international search for unrelated donors for their patients. The standards cover: (1) general organization of registries; (2) donor recruitment; (3) donor characterization; (4) information technology; (5) facilitation of search requests; (6) second/subsequent donations; (7) collection/processing/transport of stem cells; (8) follow-up of patient/donor; and (9) financial/legal responsibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Hurley
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The article discusses views and recommendations of the World Marrow Donor Association concerning ethical issues related to the donation of hematopoietic stem cell products with respect to recruitment, evaluation, workup, and follow-up of unrelated donors. Particular emphasis is placed upon commitment of individual donors, in particular, with respect to the needs of patients to find HLA-matched donors, who may be asked to donate stem cell and other cell products more than once for given patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bakken
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Egeland T, Lie J, Persson U, Raymond J, Müller C. Donor and liability insurance of donor registries, donor centers, and collection centers – recommendations. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 33:467-70. [PMID: 14688817 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The article presents views and recommendations of the World Marrow Donor Association regarding the need for donor and liability insurance for hematopoietic stem cell donor registries, and donor and collection centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egeland
- Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Oslo, Norway.
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Gahrton G, van Rood JJ, Oudshoorn M. The World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA): its goals and activities. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 32:121-4. [PMID: 12838274 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The major goal of the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA) is to facilitate the transfer of hematopoietic cells for transplantation purposes across international borders. It also has the goal of establishing guidelines on ethical, technical, medical, and financial aspects that concern the donor and donor-cell transfer. It has a Board and five Working Groups, namely the Donor Registry Working Group, the Quality Assurance Group, the Ethic Working Group, the Finance Working Group, and the Clinical Working Group. It has three types of membership, that is, full organizational membership, nonvoting organizational membership, and individual corresponding membership. Current important projects are speeding up the search process, accreditation of registries and collecting information about severe adverse effects in donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gahrton
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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