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Shen N, Polyanskaya A, Qi X, Al Othman A, Permyakova A, Volkova M, Mezentsev A, Durymanov M. Modification of mesenchymal stromal cells with silibinin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles improves their therapeutic efficacy for cutaneous wound repair. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 61:102767. [PMID: 38906391 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treating chronic inflammatory disorders, wounds, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries has shown improved healing efficacy. However, the poor survival rate of transplanted cells due to oxidative stress in injured or inflamed tissue remains a significant concern for MSC-based therapies. In this study, we developed a new approach to protect MSCs from oxidative stress, thereby improving their survival in a wound microenvironment and enhancing their therapeutic effect. We produced PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the cytoprotective phytochemical silibinin (SBN), and used them to modify MSCs. Upon internalization, these nanoformulations released SBN, activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, resulting in threefold reduction in intracellular ROS content and improved cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. Modification of MSCs with SBN-loaded PLGA nanoparticles increased their survival upon transplantation to full-thickness cutaneous wounds and improved wound healing. This study suggests that MSC modification with cytoprotective nanoparticles could be a promising approach for improving wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Shen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Anna Polyanskaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Xiaoli Qi
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Aya Al Othman
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasia Permyakova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina Volkova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Alexandre Mezentsev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail Durymanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia; Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Yang GD, Ma DS, Ma CY, Bai Y. Research Progress on Cardiac Tissue Construction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:942-958. [PMID: 37612870 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230823091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is still the main complication affecting the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an effective treatment to replace necrotic myocardium and improve cardiac functioning. However, the transplant survival rate of MSCs still presents challenges. In this review, the biological characteristics of MSCs, the progress of mechanism research in the treatment of myocardial infarction, and the advances in improving the transplant survival rate of MSCs in the replacement of necrotic myocardial infarction are systematically described. From a basic to advanced clinical research, MSC transplants have evolved from a pure injection, an exosome injection, the genetic modification of MSCs prior to injection to the cardiac tissue engineering of MSC patch grafting. This study shows that MSCs have wide clinical applications in the treatment of AMI, suggesting improved myocardial tissue creation. A broader clinical application prospect will be explored and developed to improve the survival rate of MSC transplants and myocardial vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Da-Shi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chun-Ye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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3
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Kylmäoja E, Abushahba F, Holopainen J, Ritala M, Tuukkanen J. Monocyte Differentiation on Atomic Layer-Deposited (ALD) Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083611. [PMID: 37110845 PMCID: PMC10143381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating of bone implants has many beneficial properties as it improves osseointegration and eventually becomes degraded and replaced with new bone. We prepared HA coating on a titanium substrate with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and compared monocyte differentiation and material resorption between ALD-HA and bone. After stimulation with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), human peripheral blood monocytes differentiated into resorbing osteoclasts on bovine bone, but non-resorbing foreign body cells were observed on ALD-HA. The analysis of the topography of ALD-HA and bone showed no differences in wettability (water contact angle on ALD-HA 86.2° vs. 86.7° on the bone), but the surface roughness of ALD-HA (Ra 0.713 µm) was significantly lower compared to bone (Ra 2.30 µm). The cellular reaction observed on ALD-HA might be a consequence of the topographical properties of the coating. The absence of resorptive osteoclasts on ALD-HA might indicate inhibition of their differentiation or the need to modify the coating to induce osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Holopainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Adelipour M, Lubman DM, Kim J. Potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:491-507. [PMID: 37147781 PMCID: PMC10330313 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2211203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative medicine involves the replacement of damaged cells, tissues, or organs to restore normal function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosomes secreted by MSCs have unique advantages that make them a suitable candidate in the field of regenerative medicine. AREAS COVERED This article provides a comprehensive overview of regenerative medicine, focusing on the use of MSCs and their exosomes as potential therapies for replacing damaged cells, tissues, or organs. This article discusses the distinct advantages of both MSCs and their secreted exosomes, including their immunomodulatory effects, lack of immunogenicity, and recruitment to damaged areas. While both MSCs and exosomes have these advantages, MSCs also have the unique ability to self-renew and differentiate. This article also assesses the current challenges associated with the application of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in therapy. We have reviewed proposed solutions for improving MSC or exosome therapy, including ex-vivo preconditioning strategies, genetic modification, and encapsulation. Literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. EXPERT OPINION Providing insight into the future development of MSC and exosome-based therapies and to encourage the scientific community to focus on the identified gaps, develop appropriate guidelines, and enhance the clinical application of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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TEKİN Ö, UYANIKGİL Y, TAŞKIRAN D. Glukagon benzeri peptit-1'in yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerinin kardiyomiyositlere dönüşmesi üzerindeki etkisi. EGE TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1180666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Mezenkimal kök hücreler, çeşitli protokoller kullanılarak in vitro koşullarda kolaylıkla
kardiyomiyositlere farklılaşabilir. Ancak bu protokollerde kullanılan ajanların hücre canlılığı üzerinde bazı
olumsuz etkileri olduğu bildirilmiştir. Azasitidin mezenkimal kök hücreleri kalp kası hücrelerine
farklandırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir GLP-1 reseptör agonisti olan Eksenatid'in
insan yağ dokusu kaynaklı kök hücrelerinin kardiyomiyositlere farklılaşması ve canlılığı üzerindeki
etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Azasitidin ve Eksenatid'in insan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücreler
üzerinde hücre canlılığı ve proliferasyonu üzerindeki etkileri ile sitotoksisite testleri yapıldı. Farklılanma
protokolü için, hücreler dört hafta boyunca Azasitidin ve Eksenatid ile inkübe edildi. Hücrelerin morfolojik
değişiklikleri izlendi ve kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşma belirteçlerinin (cTnI, GATA4 ve MYH7)
ekspresyonları immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca kültürlerdeki kardiyak troponin I
(cTnI) seviyeleri enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi kullanılarak ölçüldü. Veriler, tek yönlü varyans analizi
(ANOVA) ve post-hoc testi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: İnsan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücreler üzerine Azasitidin uygulaması, kontrole
grubuna kıyasla hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde azaltırken (%54.4) hücrelerin Azasitidin+Eksenatid ile
uygulaması doza bağlı bir şekilde hücre ölümünü önledi. Azasitidin ve Eksenatid uygulanan hücreler,
kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşma ile uyumlu önemli morfolojik değişiklikler ve kardiyomiyojenik belirteçlerde
artış gösterdi. Ayrı ayrı ve birlikte uygulama yapılan gruplarda cTnI seviyeleri kontrole göre anlamlı
derecede yüksek bulundu.
Sonuç: Bu bulgular GLP-1 reseptör agonisti Eksenatid'in, Azasitidin uygulamasının neden olduğu hücre
hasarını azaltarak İnsan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşması
üzerinde faydalı etkileri olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
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Autologous Stem Cells for the Treatment of Chondral Injury and Disease. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2022.150963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhu Y, Fu W. Peripheral Blood-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Cartilage Injuries: A Systematic Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:956614. [PMID: 35935493 PMCID: PMC9355401 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.956614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The treatment of cartilage damage is a hot topic at present, and cell therapy is an emerging alternative therapy. Stem cells derived from peripheral blood have become the focus of current research due to the ease of obtaining materials and a wide range of sources.Methods: We used a text search strategy using the [“mesenchymal stem cells” (MeSH term) OR “MSC” OR “BMMSC” OR “PBMSC” OR” PBMNC” OR “peripheral blood stem cells”] AND (cartilage injury [MeSH term] OR “cartilage” OR “chondral lesion”). After searching the literature, through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the last included articles were systematically reviewed.Result: We found that peripheral blood-derived stem cells have chondrogenic differentiation ability and can induce chondrogenic differentiation and repair in vivo and have statistical significance in clinical and imaging prognosis. It is an improvement of academic differences. Compared with the bone marrow, peripheral blood is easier to obtain, widely sourced, and simple to obtain. In the future, peripheral blood will be a more potential cell source for cell therapy in the treatment of cartilage damage.Conclusion: Stem cells derived from peripheral blood can repair cartilage and are an important resource for the treatment of cartilage damage in the future. The specific mechanism and way of repairing cartilage need further study.
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Iliopoulos JM, Layrolle P, Apatzidou DA. Microbial-stem cell interactions in periodontal disease. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35451943 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by hyper-inflammatory responses in the periodontal tissues that generate dysbiotic ecological changes within the microbial communities. As a result, supportive tissues of the tooth are damaged and periodontal attachment is lost. Gingival recession, formation of periodontal pockets with the presence of bleeding, and often suppuration and/or tooth mobility are evident upon clinical examination. These changes may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are implicated in controlling periodontal disease progression and have been shown to play a key role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Evidence shows that MSCs interact with subgingival microorganisms and their by-products and modulate the activity of immune cells by either paracrine mechanisms or direct cell-to-cell contact. The aim of this review is to reveal the interactions that take place between microbes and in particular periodontal pathogens and MSCs in order to understand the factors and mechanisms that modulate the regenerative capacity of periodontal tissues and the ability of the host to defend against putative pathogens. The clinical implications of these interactions in terms of anti-inflammatory and paracrine responses of MSCs, anti-microbial properties and alterations in function including their regenerative potential are critically discussed based on literature findings. In addition, future directions to design periodontal research models and study ex vivo the microbial-stem cell interactions are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Iliopoulos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- INSERM, ToNIC, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, UMR 1214, France
| | - Danae A Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Deo D, Marchioni M, Rao P. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Organ Transplantation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040791. [PMID: 35456625 PMCID: PMC9029865 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is essential and crucial for saving and enhancing the lives of individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure. Major challenges in the medical field include the shortage of organ donors, high rates of organ rejection, and long wait times. To address the current limitations and shortcomings, cellular therapy approaches have been developed using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). MSC have been isolated from various sources, have the ability to differentiate to important cell lineages, have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, allow immunosuppressive drug minimization, and induce immune tolerance towards the transplanted organ. Additionally, rapid advances in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged that focus on either generating new organs and organ sources or maximizing the availability of existing organs. This review gives an overview of the various properties of MSC that have enabled its use as a cellular therapy for organ preservation and transplant. We also highlight emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine along with their multiple sub-disciplines, underlining recent advances, widespread clinical applications, and potential impact on the future of tissue and organ transplantation.
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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Tu H, Xiao E, Liu O. Taking Microbiota into Consideration in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research. J Dent Res 2022; 101:880-886. [PMID: 35196924 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221077986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy in regenerative medicine, but the clinical efficacy has yet to be identified, because the functions of MSCs are modulated by many factors, including the age and health condition of donors, origin of the tissue, and several other unknown factors. Recently, it has been revealed that, besides host factors, the microbiota that inhabits the human body is a modulator of MSCs as well. Here, we highlight the role of microbiota in the alteration of MSCs functions, with a specific focus on the self-renewal ability, multiple differentiation potential, and the immunomodulation capacity of MSCs. We also review the clinical trials and model research on the synergic and antagonistic effects of microbiota in stem cell therapy. In addition, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of the interplay between microbiota and MSCs, which are elucidated using omics approaches followed by verification experiments. As oral and maxillofacial tissues are important sources of MSCs, as well as a major access to diverse microbes, further studies are needed to elucidate these interactions in the oral field to make greater advancements in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research and Human 3D Printing Engineering Research Central of Oral Care and Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - E Xiao
- Beijing Maybio Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., Changsha City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - O Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research and Human 3D Printing Engineering Research Central of Oral Care and Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Anz AW, Torres J, Plummer HA, Siew-Yoke Jee C, Dekker TJ, Johnson KB, Saw KY. Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells are Pluripotent and Can Be Safely Harvested and Stored for Cartilage Repair. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3347-3356. [PMID: 33940122 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to reproduce and validate the harvest, processing and storage of peripheral blood stem cells for a subsequent cartilage repair trial, evaluating safety, reliability, and potential to produce viable, sterile stem cells. METHODS Ten healthy subjects (aged 19-44 years) received 3 consecutive daily doses of filgrastim followed by an apheresis harvest of mononuclear cells on a fourth day. In a clean room, the apheresis product was prepared for cryopreservation and processed into 4 mL aliquots. Sterility and qualification testing were performed pre-processing and post-processing at multiple time points out to 2 years. Eight samples were shipped internationally to validate cell transport potential. One sample from all participants was cultured to test proliferative potential with colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Five samples, from 5 participants were tested for differentiation potential, including chondrogenic, adipogenic, osteogenic, endoderm, and ectoderm assays. RESULTS Fresh aliquots contained an average of 532.9 ± 166. × 106 total viable cells/4 mL vial and 2.1 ± 1.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/4 mL vial. After processing for cryopreservation, the average cell count decreased to 331.3 ± 79. × 106 total viable cells /4 mL vial and 1.5 ± 0.7 × 106 CD34+ cells/4 mL vial CD34+ cells. Preprocessing viability averaged 99% and postprocessing 88%. Viability remained constant after cryopreservation at all subsequent time points. All sterility testing was negative. All samples showed proliferative potential, with average CFU count 301.4 ± 63.9. All samples were pluripotent. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood stem cells are pluripotent and can be safely harvested/stored with filgrastim, apheresis, clean-room processing, and cryopreservation. These cells can be stored for 2 years and shipped without loss of viability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This method represents an accessible stem cell therapy in development to augment cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Anz
- Andrews Institute for Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Gulf Breeze; Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze.
| | - Johnny Torres
- Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze
| | | | | | | | | | - Khay-Yong Saw
- Kuala Lumpur Sports Medicine Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Urlić I, Ivković A. Cell Sources for Cartilage Repair-Biological and Clinical Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092496. [PMID: 34572145 PMCID: PMC8468484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy represents a promising treatment strategy for cartilage defects. Alone or in combination with scaffolds/biological signals, these strategies open many new avenues for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the choice of the optimal cell source is not that straightforward. Currently, various types of differentiated cells (articular and nasal chondrocytes) and stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells) are being researched to objectively assess their merits and disadvantages with respect to the ability to repair damaged articular cartilage. In this paper, we focus on the different cell types used in cartilage treatment, first from a biological scientist’s perspective and then from a clinician’s standpoint. We compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these cell types and offer a potential outlook for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Urlić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
| | - Alan Ivković
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (I.U.); (A.I.)
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14
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Matheakakis A, Batsali A, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Therapeutic Implications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10132. [PMID: 34576296 PMCID: PMC8468750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are perivascular multipotent stem cells originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) stroma and subsequently in virtually all vascularized tissues. Because of their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, their trophic properties, homing capacity, and immunomodulatory functions, MSCs have emerged as attractive candidates in tissue repair and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be primarily mediated via a number of paracrine-acting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles that are increasingly being acknowledged as playing a key role in intercellular communication via their capacity to carry and deliver their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to recipient cells. MSC-EVs recapitulate the functions of the cells they originate, including immunoregulatory effects but do not seem to be associated with the limitations and concerns of cell-based therapies, thereby emerging as an appealing alternative therapeutic option in immune-mediated disorders. In the present review, the biology of MSCs will be outlined and an overview of their immunomodulatory functions will be provided. In addition, current knowledge on the features of MSC-EVs and their immunoregulatory potential will be summarized. Finally, therapeutic applications of MSCs and MSC-EVs in autoimmune disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Charalampos G. Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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15
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Xu H, Cong Z, Zhang Y, Liu W, Yan X, Du Y. Large-Scale Expansion of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Microcarrier Tablets in Bioreactor. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2436:113-125. [PMID: 34519979 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells show great potential in tissue engineering and cell-based therapies. This protocol demonstrates the use of 3D TableTrix® microcarrier tablets for large-scale manufacturing of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor. 3D TableTrix® microcarrier tablets readily disperse into tens of thousands of porous microcarriers to simplify cell seeding, and 3D FloTrix® vivaSPIN bioreactor could automate, monitor, and control the entire culture process. 3D TableTrix® microcarriers could also be fully dissolved upon adding dissolution reagent to gently harvest the expanded cells at a high recovery rate. With this protocol, more than 109 cells could be produced in a 5-L bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanye Xu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxiao Cong
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Beijing CytoNiche Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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Cell-based therapies for vascular regeneration: Past, present and future. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107976. [PMID: 34480961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization remains one of the outstanding challenges in regenerative medicine. Beyond its role in circulating oxygen and nutrients, the vasculature is critical for organ development, function and homeostasis. Importantly, effective vascular regeneration is key in generating large 3D tissues for regenerative medicine applications to enable the survival of cells post-transplantation, organ growth, and integration into the host system. Therefore, the absence of clinically applicable means of (re)generating vessels is one of the main obstacles in cell replacement therapy. In this review, we highlight cell-based vascularization strategies which demonstrate clinical potential, discuss their strengths and limitations and highlight the main obstacles hindering cell-based therapeutic vascularization.
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17
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Petryk N, Shevchenko O. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in λ-Carrageenan-Induced Chronic Inflammation in Rats: Reactions of the Blood System, Leukocyte-Monocyte Ratio. Inflammation 2021; 43:1893-1901. [PMID: 32462547 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The variety of chronic diseases caused by a chronic inflammatory process is an unresolved problem in developed countries. Due to this, modern medicine lacks effective, pathogenetic mechanisms of treatment or at least improvement of the quality of life of people with so-called diseases of civilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a model of λ-carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation in rats. MSCs derived from rat femoral epiphysis were used. At the current level of medicine, many highly specific markers of chronic inflammation are available that will also be studied later (α-TNF, IL 6, C-reactive protein); however, this article will consider the study of the most accessible but at the same time very informative indicators of the inflammatory process-a common total blood count-leukocytes, leukocyte formula, and LMR. The study was performed on 132 male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g, which were divided into 12 groups. The inflammation was caused by the introduction of 10 mg λ-carrageenan intramuscular in right hip. After induction of edema, the experimental groups of rats were administered MSCs into the inflamed site, in the amount of 1-2 million cells once. Blood sampling was performed from 6 h to 28 days. With one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test, p < 0.05, we compared our groups of animals. In the detailed dynamics of inflammation, from the 6th hour to the 28th day (ten terms), the reactions of the blood system and their mechanisms were investigated. There were intact rats-6 animals without any interventions, as well as rats administered MSCs without causing inflammation (6 animals) in experiment. In this experiment, the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in rats is described for the first time, demonstrating the suppression of chronic inflammation by means of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Petryk
- Department of Pathology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
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18
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Dzobo K. Recent Trends in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Learning from History and Advancing Clinical Applications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:342-357. [PMID: 34115524 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early cell biology reports demonstrated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in bone marrow, with both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Over the years, various investigations have purified and characterized mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from different human tissues as cells with multilineage differentiation potential under the appropriate conditions. Due to their appealing characteristics and versatile potentials, MSCs are leveraged in many applications in medicine such as oncology, bioprinting, and as recent as therapeutics discovery and innovation for COVID-19. To date, studies indicate that MSCs have varied differentiation capabilities into different cell types, and demonstrate immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Different microenvironments or niche for MSCs and their resulting heterogeneity may influence attendant cellular behavior and differentiation capacity. The potential clinical applications of MSCs and exosomes derived from these cells have led to an avalanche of research reports on their properties and hundreds of clinical trials being undertaken. There is ample reason to think, as discussed in this expert review that the future looks bright and promising for MSC research, with many clinical trials under way to ascertain their clinical utility. This review provides a synthesis of the latest advances and trends in MSC research to allow for broad and critically informed use of MSCs. Early observations of the presence of these cells in the bone marrow and their remarkable differentiation capabilities and immunomodulation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Systemic Administration of G-CSF Accelerates Bone Regeneration and Modulates Mobilization of Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Distraction Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073505. [PMID: 33800710 PMCID: PMC8037338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was shown to promote bone regeneration and mobilization of vascular and osteogenic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of a systemic low dose of G-CSF on both bone consolidation and mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in a rat model of distraction osteogenesis (DO). Neovascularization and mineralization were longitudinally monitored using positron emission tomography and planar scintigraphy. Histological analysis was performed and the number of circulating HSPCs, EPCs and MSCs was studied by flow cytometry. Contrary to control group, in the early phase of consolidation, a bony bridge with lower osteoclast activity and a trend of an increase in osteoblast activity were observed in the distracted callus in the G-CSF group, whereas, at the late phase of consolidation, a significantly lower neovascularization was observed. While no difference was observed in the number of circulating EPCs between control and G-CSF groups, the number of MSCs was significantly lower at the end of the latency phase and that of HSPCs was significantly higher 4 days after the bone lengthening. Our results indicate that G-CSF accelerates bone regeneration and modulates mobilization of progenitor cells during DO.
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20
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Petrou P, Kassis I, Levin N, Paul F, Backner Y, Benoliel T, Oertel FC, Scheel M, Hallimi M, Yaghmour N, Hur TB, Ginzberg A, Levy Y, Abramsky O, Karussis D. Beneficial effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in active progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 143:3574-3588. [PMID: 33253391 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study (trial registration: NCT02166021), we aimed to evaluate the optimal way of administration, the safety and the clinical efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with active and progressive multiple sclerosis. Forty-eight patients (28 males and 20 females) with progressive multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale: 3.0-6.5, mean : 5.6 ± 0.8, mean age: 47.5 ± 12.3) and evidence of either clinical worsening or activity during the previous year, were enrolled (between 2015 and 2018). Patients were randomized into three groups and treated intrathecally (IT) or intravenously (IV) with autologous MSCs (1 × 106/kg) or sham injections. After 6 months, half of the patients from the MSC-IT and MSC-IV groups were retreated with MSCs, and the other half with sham injections. Patients initially assigned to sham treatment were divided into two subgroups and treated with either MSC-IT or MSC-IV. The study duration was 14 months. No serious treatment-related safety issues were detected. Significantly fewer patients experienced treatment failure in the MSC-IT and MSC-IV groups compared with those in the sham-treated group (6.7%, 9.7%, and 41.9%, respectively, P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0008). During the 1-year follow-up, 58.6% and 40.6% of patients treated with MSC-IT and MSC-IV, respectively, exhibited no evidence of disease activity compared with 9.7% in the sham-treated group (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0048, respectively). MSC-IT transplantation induced additional benefits on the relapse rate, on the monthly changes of the T2 lesion load on MRI, and on the timed 25-foot walking test, 9-hole peg test, optical coherence tomography, functional MRI and cognitive tests. Treatment with MSCs was well-tolerated in progressive multiple sclerosis and induced short-term beneficial effects regarding the primary end points, especially in the patients with active disease. The intrathecal administration was more efficacious than the intravenous in several parameters of the disease. A phase III trial is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Petrou
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Ibrahim Kassis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Netta Levin
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yael Backner
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Tal Benoliel
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Scheel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Hallimi
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Nour Yaghmour
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Tamir Ben Hur
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Ariel Ginzberg
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Yarden Levy
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Oded Abramsky
- Department of Neurology and The Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Karussis
- Unit of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Israel
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21
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Does Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Count in Pre-autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Peripheral Blood and Apheresis Product Predict for Infectious Complications in the Post-transplant Period? Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 37:484-488. [PMID: 34267471 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have gained attention in the recent past considering their multipotentiality and organ-healing properties. Exogenous administration of MSC in the pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting has been reported to enhance engraftment, heal graft-vs-host disease and increase infections in the post-HSCT period. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of endogenous pre-HSCT MSC on the post-HSCT infectious complications in patients undergoing autologous-HSCT. The study included patients undergoing autologous-HSCT (n = 25; multiple myeloma-20, lymphoma-5). MSC were analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood (PB) at baseline, and in both PB and apheresis product (AP) following mobilization with growth factors. Pre-HSCT MSC (PB/AP) were correlated with the post-HSCT duration of febrile neutropenia and duration of antimicrobial drugs using Pearson's correlation co-efficient, and with the mucositis grade using Spearman's rank correlation. Pre-HSCT MSC (baseline and post-mobilization) correlated positively with the longer duration of febrile neutropenia and duration of antimicrobials used in the post-HSCT period (p < 0.05). Pre-HSCT MSC failed to correlate with post-HSCT engraftment and onset/severity/duration of oral and gastrointestinal mucositis. Endogenous pre-HSCT MSC counts might predict for increased infectious complications in the post autologous-HSCT setting.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW One aim in bone tissue engineering is to develop human cell-based, 3D in vitro bone models to study bone physiology and pathology. Due to the heterogeneity of cells among patients, patient's own cells are needed to be obtained, ideally, from one single cell source. This review attempts to identify the appropriate cell sources for development of such models. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow and peripheral blood are considered as suitable sources for extraction of osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells. Recent studies on these cell sources have shown no significant differences between isolated progenitor cells. However, various parameters such as medium composition affect the cell's proliferation and differentiation potential which could make the peripheral blood-derived stem cells superior to the ones from bone marrow. Peripheral blood can be considered a suitable source for osteoblast/osteocyte and osteoclast progenitor cells, being less invasive for the patient. However, more investigations are needed focusing on extraction and differentiation of both cell types from the same donor sample of peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ansari
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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23
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Bashiri Dezfouli A, Pourfathollah AA, Nikougoftar-Zarif M, Khosravi M, Tajrishi M, Ezzati N, Kashani Khatib Z, Abbasi Sourki P, Valizadeh M. Optimizing the recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells trapped in leukoreduction filters - A comparison study. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 44:197-205. [PMID: 33423981 PMCID: PMC9123569 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.09.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The isolation of captured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from leukoreduction filters (LRFs) can be of great importance in terms of bringing the lost cells back into use. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate various methods based on their potential to recover the peripheral blood cells from LRFs with a focus on mononuclear cells (MNCs). Method For cell isolation from LRFs, three distinct methods (back-flushing, direct and vacuum pump) were compared through the calculation of the yield of isolated MNCs. The viability of extracted cells was determined by the flow cytometry technique. Moreover, the recovered MNCs were characterized regarding the presence of blood stem cell purification. The cell culture, microscopic observation, and immunophenotyping were employed to characterize the blood stem cells (hematopoietic, mesenchymal and progenitor endothelial stem cells). Results The yield of isolation obtained in the back-flushing, direct and vacuum pump methods were 17.7 ± 1.28, 17.3 ± 0.96 and 21.2 ± 0.90 percent, respectively. Although the highest potential for total blood cell recovery belonged to the vacuum pump method, the lowest cell viability (85.73 ± 4.84%) was observed in this method. However, the isolation process of the back-flushing and direct methods had less effect on cell viability. The characterization of the isolated MNCs displayed that the dominant positive phenotype was for CD34/CD45, indicating hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, the endothelial stem/progenitor cells were significantly detected as CD31/CD133 positive cells. Conclusion According to our results and considering the safety and efficiency potential of each of the applied methods, the back-flushing in comparison with the other methods can be considered a suitable procedure for MNC isolation from LRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box. 14115-331 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfathollah
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modarres University, P.O. Box. 14115-331 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar-Zarif
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mona Tajrishi
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Ezzati
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kashani Khatib
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Valizadeh
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Krishnan S, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Therapy Bioengineering in Glioma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558375. [PMID: 33365304 PMCID: PMC7750507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a dismal disease associated with poor survival and high morbidity. Current standard treatments have reached a therapeutic plateau even after combining maximal safe resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. In this setting, stem cells (SCs) have risen as a promising therapeutic armamentarium, given their intrinsic tumor homing as well as their natural or bioengineered antitumor properties. The interplay between stem cells and other therapeutic approaches such as nanoparticles holds the potential to synergize the advantages from the combined therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles represent a broad spectrum of synthetic and natural biomaterials that have been proven effective in expanding diagnostic and therapeutic efforts, either used alone or in combination with immune, genetic, or cellular therapies. Stem cells have been bioengineered using these biomaterials to enhance their natural properties as well as to act as their vehicle when anticancer nanoparticles need to be delivered into the tumor microenvironment in a very precise manner. Here, we describe the recent developments of this new paradigm in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Daniel M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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25
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Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from Pap smear samples. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 63:594-604. [PMID: 32698560 PMCID: PMC7494764 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.20073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exploiting their ability to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages like cartilage, bone, fat, and muscle, and to elicit paracrine effects, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical settings to treat tissue injuries and autoimmune disorders. One of accessible sources of MSC is the samples used for Papanicolaou (Pap) test, which is a cervical screening method for detecting potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous alterations in the cervical cells and to diagnose genetic abnormalities in fetuses. This study aimed to identify and isolate the stem cells from Pap smear samples collected from pregnant women, and to trace the origin of these cells to maternal or fetal tissue, and characterize their stem cell properties. Methods To investigate the possibility and efficiency of establishing MSC lines from the Pap smear samples, we were able to establish 6 cell lines from Pap smear samples from 60 pregnant women at different stages of gestation. Results The 3 cell lines randomly selected among the 6 established in this study, displayed high proliferation rates, several characteristics of MSCs, and the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Our study identified that the stem cell lines obtainable from Pap smear sampling were uterine cervical stromal cells (UCSCs) and had 10% efficiency of establishment. Conclusion Despite their low efficiency of establishment, human UCSCs from Pap smear samples can become a simple, safe, low-cost, and donor-specific source of MSCs for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Terraza-Aguirre C, Campos-Mora M, Elizondo-Vega R, Contreras-López RA, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mechanisms behind the Immunoregulatory Dialogue between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071660. [PMID: 32664207 PMCID: PMC7408034 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunoregulatory abilities by interacting with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In vitro, MSCs inhibit the differentiation of T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells and repress their proliferation. In vivo, the administration of MSCs to treat various experimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bowel disease showed promising therapeutic results. These therapeutic properties mediated by MSCs are associated with an attenuated immune response characterized by a reduced frequency of Th17 cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this manuscript, we review how MSC and Th17 cells interact, communicate, and exchange information through different ways such as cell-to-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and organelle transfer. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of this dynamic dialogue between MSC and Th17 well described by their phenotypic and functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Terraza-Aguirre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
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Petryk N, Shevchenko O. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Rats: Proinflammatory Cytokines. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:293-301. [PMID: 32753930 PMCID: PMC7354011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s256932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many widespread intractable diseases are caused or supported by chronic inflammation. Such conditions include the 2nd type of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases of the connective tissue - ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune myositis, etc. Therefore, the search for targeted treatment of these illnesses is extremely in high demand. Immunomodulatory activity of mesenchymal stem cells is one of their remarkable properties. Several biomarkers (cytokines and nonspecific proteins) are known to be associated with chronic inflammation. Methods Our study aimed to investigate the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein in carrageenan myositis in rats, because there is more and more evidence of the significance of these markers in the course and resolution of the diseases mentioned above. For the first time in our experiment, it was shown and evaluated using analysis of variance, how MSCs influence the indicators of proinflammatory cytokines on the model of carrageenan myositis. The levels of α-TNF, IL-6 and CRP in the plasma of rats were studied in groups with chronic carrageenan inflammation and chronic inflammation with local injection of MSCs into the affected area. Results Our study proved the effectiveness of MSCs by showing a significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators in the plasma of the studied animals. Discussion and Conclusions Thus, the administration of MSCs is a promising tool in the pathogenic treatment of chronic inflammation and concomitant conditions. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/pgtl5EA7NJk
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Petryk
- Department of Pathology, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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28
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Chen YR, Yan X, Yuan FZ, Ye J, Xu BB, Zhou ZX, Mao ZM, Guan J, Song YF, Sun ZW, Wang XJ, Chen ZY, Wang DY, Fan BS, Yang M, Song ST, Jiang D, Yu JK. The Use of Peripheral Blood-Derived Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration In Vivo: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:404. [PMID: 32308625 PMCID: PMC7145972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral blood (PB) is a potential source of chondrogenic progenitor cells that can be used for cartilage repair and regeneration. However, the cell types, isolation and implantation methods, seeding dosage, ultimate therapeutic effect, and in vivo safety remain unclear. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were systematically searched for relevant reports published from January 1990 to December 2019. Original articles that used PB as a source of stem cells to repair cartilage in vivo were selected for analysis. Results A total of 18 studies were included. Eight human studies used autologous nonculture-expanded PB-derived stem cells (PBSCs) as seed cells with the blood cell separation isolation method, and 10 animal studies used autologous, allogenic or xenogeneic culture-expanded PB-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs), or nonculture-expanded PBSCs as seed cells. Four human and three animal studies surgically implanted cells, while the remaining studies implanted cells by single or repeated intra-articular injections. 121 of 130 patients (in 8 human clinical studies), and 230 of 278 animals (in 6 veterinary clinical studies) using PBSCs for cartilage repair achieved significant clinical improvement. All reviewed articles indicated that using PB as a source of seed cells enhances cartilage repair in vivo without serious adverse events. Conclusion Autologous nonculture-expanded PBSCs are currently the most commonly used cells among all stem cell types derived from PB. Allogeneic, autologous, and xenogeneic PB-MSCs are more widely used in animal studies and are potential seed cell types for future applications. Improving the mobilization and purification technology, and shortening the culture cycle of culture-expanded PB-MSCs will obviously promote the researchers' interest. The use of PBSCs for cartilage repair and regeneration in vivo are safe. PBSCs considerably warrant further investigations due to their superiority and safety in clinical settings and positive effects despite limited evidence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Rong Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Bing Xu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Xing Zhou
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Mu Mao
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Song
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Wen Sun
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin-Jie Wang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Yi Chen
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Yu Wang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Shi Fan
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shi-Tang Song
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Knee Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Why Should Growth Hormone (GH) Be Considered a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Arteriogenesis? Insights from the GHAS Trial. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040807. [PMID: 32230747 PMCID: PMC7226428 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role that the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis plays in vascular homeostasis, these kind of growth factors barely appear in articles addressing the neovascularization process. Currently, the vascular endothelium is considered as an authentic gland of internal secretion due to the wide variety of released factors and functions with local effects, including the paracrine/autocrine production of GH or IGF-I, for which the endothelium has specific receptors. In this comprehensive review, the evidence involving these proangiogenic hormones in arteriogenesis dealing with the arterial occlusion and making of them a potential therapy is described. All the elements that trigger the local and systemic production of GH/IGF-I, as well as their possible roles both in physiological and pathological conditions are analyzed. All of the evidence is combined with important data from the GHAS trial, in which GH or a placebo were administrated to patients suffering from critical limb ischemia with no option for revascularization. We postulate that GH, alone or in combination, should be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for helping in the approach of ischemic disease.
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30
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Schreier S, Triampo W. The Blood Circulating Rare Cell Population. What is it and What is it Good For? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040790. [PMID: 32218149 PMCID: PMC7226460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains a diverse cell population of low concentration hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic cells. The majority of such rare cells may be bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells. This paucity of circulating rare cells, in particular in the peripheral circulation, has led many to believe that bone marrow as well as other organ-related cell egress into the circulation is a response to pathological conditions. Little is known about this, though an increasing body of literature can be found suggesting commonness of certain rare cell types in the peripheral blood under physiological conditions. Thus, the isolation and detection of circulating rare cells appears to be merely a technological problem. Knowledge about rare cell types that may circulate the blood stream will help to advance the field of cell-based liquid biopsy by supporting inter-platform comparability, making use of biological correct cutoffs and “mining” new biomarkers and combinations thereof in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review intends to lay ground for a comprehensive analysis of the peripheral blood rare cell population given the necessity to target a broader range of cell types for improved biomarker performance in cell-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreier
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wannapong Triampo
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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31
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Le Thi Bich P, Nguyen Thi H, Dang Ngo Chau H, Phan Van T, Do Q, Dong Khac H, Le Van D, Nguyen Huy L, Mai Cong K, Ta Ba T, Do Minh T, Vu Bich N, Truong Chau N, Van Pham P. Allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot clinical study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:60. [PMID: 32054512 PMCID: PMC7020576 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD results from chronic inflammation of the lungs. Current treatments, including physical and chemical therapies, provide limited results. Stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are used to treat COPD. Here, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord-derived (UC)-MSCs for treating COPD. Methods Twenty patients were enrolled, 9 at stage C and 11 at stage D per the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. Patients were infused with 106 cells/kg of expanded allogeneic UC-MSCs. All patients were followed for 6 months after the first infusion. The treatment end-point included a comprehensive safety evaluation, pulmonary function testing (PFT), and quality-of-life indicators including questionnaires, the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and systemic inflammation assessments. All patients completed the full infusion and 6-month follow-up. Results No infusion-related toxicities, deaths, or severe adverse events occurred that were deemed related to UC-MSC administration. The UC-MSC-transplanted patients showed a significantly reduced Modified Medical Research Council score, COPD assessment test, and number of exacerbations. However, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, C-reactive protein, and 6MWT values were nonsignificantly reduced after treatment (1, 3, and 6 months) compared with those before the treatment. Conclusion Systemic UC-MSC administration appears to be safe in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, can significantly improve their quality of life, and provides a basis for subsequent cell therapy investigations. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN70443938. Registered 06 July 2019
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha Nguyen Thi
- Van Hanh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Tien Phan Van
- Van Hanh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Do
- Vietnam Millitay Academy 103, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Dong Le Van
- Vietnam Millitay Academy 103, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Thang Ta Ba
- Vietnam Millitay Academy 103, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Ngoc Vu Bich
- Stem Cell Institute, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nhat Truong Chau
- Stem Cell Institute, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Moll G, Drzeniek N, Kamhieh-Milz J, Geissler S, Reinke P. Editorial comment: variables affecting the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells in the peripheral blood and their relationship with apheresis product. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:593-596. [PMID: 32037526 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Drzeniek
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BECAT), all Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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33
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Jain A, Khadwal A, Sachdeva MUS, Bose P, Lad D, Bhattacharya S, Prakash G, Malhotra P, Varma N, Varma S. Variables affecting the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells in peripheral blood and their relationship with apheresis products. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:772-776. [PMID: 32011732 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) demonstrate the properties of self-renewal, multipotentiality, and immunosuppression, which are responsible for their widespread clinical applications in tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs have been isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and cord blood using culture in specialised media. Their presence in peripheral blood (PB) is debatable. We studied the presence of MSCs at baseline (PB) and following mobilisation with growth factors [PB and apheresis product (AP)] in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation and healthy donors using flow cytometry. We conclude that both mobilised PB and AP are potential sources of MSCs. Given their small numbers in PB/AP, clinical use is feasible following ex-vivo expansion. Variables affecting the presence of MSCs in PB and AP are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Praveen Bose
- Department of Haematology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepesh Lad
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Haematology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Gonmanee T, Sritanaudomchai H, Vongsavan K, Faisaikarm T, Songsaad A, White KL, Thonabulsombat C. Neuronal differentiation of dental pulp stem cells from human permanent and deciduous teeth following coculture with rat auditory brainstem slices. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2931-2946. [PMID: 31930687 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability found worldwide which is associated with a degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). It is a challenge to restore SGN due to the permanent degeneration and viability of SGN is requisite for patients to receive an advantage from hearing aid devices. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are self-renewing stem cells that originate from the neural crest during development. These stem cells have a high potential for neuronal differentiation. This is primarily due to their multilineage differentiation potential and their relative ease of access. Previously, we have shown the ability of these stem cell types to differentiate into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells. In this study, we induced the cells into neural precursor cells (NPC) and cocultured with auditory brainstem slice (ABS) encompassing cochlear nucleus by the Stoppini method. We also investigated their ability to differentiate after 2 weeks and 4 weeks in coculture. Neuronal differentiation of DPSC-NPC and SHED-NPC was higher expression of specific markers to SGN, TrkB, and Gata3, compared to monoculture. The cells also highly expressed synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A) and exhibited intracellular calcium oscillations. Our findings demonstrated the possibility of using DPSCs and SHEDs as an autologous stem cell-based therapy for sensorineural hearing loss patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasup Gonmanee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kutkao Vongsavan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tassanee Faisaikarm
- Reproductive Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Anupong Songsaad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kenneth L White
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Godoy JAP, Paiva RMA, Souza AM, Kondo AT, Kutner JM, Okamoto OK. Clinical Translation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:255. [PMID: 31824942 PMCID: PMC6881464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common condition in patients subjected to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The immune cells derived from the grafted stem cells attack recipient's tissues, including those from the skin, liver, eyes, mouth, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, neuromuscular system, and genitourinary tract, may lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Acute GVHD can occur within few weeks after the allogeneic cells have engrafted in the recipient while chronic GVHD may occur any time after transplant, typically within months. Although treatable by systemic corticosteroid administration, effective responses are not achieved for a significant proportion of patients, a condition associated with poor prognosis. The use of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as an alternative to treat steroid-refractory GVHD had improved last decade, but the results are still controversial. Some studies have shown improvement in the life quality of patients after MSCs treatment, while others have found no significant benefits. In addition to variations in trial design, discrepancies in protocols for MSCs isolation, characterization, and ex vivo manipulation, account for inconsistent clinical results. In this review, we discuss the immunomodulatory properties supporting the therapeutic use of MSCs in GVHD and contextualize the main clinical findings of recent trials using these cells. Critical parameters for the clinical translation of MSCs, including consistent production of MSCs according to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and informative potency assays for product quality control (QC), are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. P. Godoy
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. A. Paiva
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline M. Souza
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea T. Kondo
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose M. Kutner
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo K. Okamoto
- Departamento de Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bolamperti S, Guidobono F, Rubinacci A, Villa I. The Role of Growth Hormone in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Commitment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215264. [PMID: 31652811 PMCID: PMC6862273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is best known for its prominent role in promoting prepubertal growth and in regulating body composition and metabolism during adulthood. In recent years, the possible role of GH in the modulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment has gained interest. MSCs, characterized by active self-renewal and differentiation potential, express GH receptors. In MSCs derived from different adult tissues, GH induces an inhibition of adipogenic differentiation and favors MSC differentiation towards osteogenesis. This activity of GH indicates that regulation of body composition by GH has already started in the tissue progenitor cells. These findings have fostered research on possible uses of MSCs treated with GH in those pathologies, where a lack of or delays in bone repair occur. After an overview of GH activities, this review will focus on the research that has characterized GH’s effects on MSCs and on preliminary studies on the possible application of GH in bone regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Guidobono
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Meeson R, Sanghani‐Keri A, Coathup M, Blunn G. VEGF with AMD3100 endogenously mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells and improves fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1294-1302. [PMID: 30345545 PMCID: PMC6563072 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of fractures develop non-union. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may be beneficial, however, this requires cell acquisition, culture and delivery. Endogenous mobilization of stem cells offers a non-invasive alternative. The hypothesis was administration of VEGF and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would increase the circulating pool of available MSCs and improve fracture healing. Ex-breeder female wistar rats received VEGF followed by AMD3100, or sham PBS. Blood prepared for culture and colonies were counted. P3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, bi-differentiation. The effect of mobilization on fracture healing was evaluated with 1.5 mm femoral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator in 12-14 week old female Wistars. The mobilized group had significantly greater number of cfus/ml compared to controls, p = 0.029. The isolated cells expressed 1.8% CD34, 35% CD45, 61% CD29, 78% CD90, and differentiated into osteoblasts but not into adipocytes. The fracture gap in animals treated with VEGF and AMD3100 showed increased bone volume; 5.22 ± 1.7 µm3 and trabecular thickness 0.05 ± 0.01 µm compared with control animals (4.3 ± 3.1 µm3 , 0.04 ± 0.01 µm, respectively). Radiographic scores quantifying fracture healing (RUST) showed that the animals in the mobilization group had a higher healing score compared to controls (9.6 vs. 7.7). Histologically, mobilization resulted in significantly lower group variability in bone formation (p = 0.032) and greater amounts of bone and less fibrous tissue than the control group. Clinical significance: This pre-clinical study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endogenous MSC mobilization on fracture healing, which may have translation potential to prevent or treat clinical fractures at risk of delayed or non-union fractures. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1294-1302, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meeson
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Melanie Coathup
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of Central FloridaFlorida
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
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Andrzejewska A, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost. Stem Cells 2019; 37:855-864. [PMID: 30977255 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It was shown as long as half a century ago that bone marrow is a source of not only hematopoietic stem cells, but also stem cells of mesenchymal tissues. Then the term "mesenchymal stem cells" (MSCs) was coined in the early 1990s, and more than a decade later, the criteria for defining MSCs have been released by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. The easy derivation from a variety of fetal and adult tissues and undemanding cell culture conditions made MSCs an attractive research object. It was followed by the avalanche of reports from preclinical studies on potentially therapeutic properties of MSCs, such as immunomodulation, trophic support and capability for a spontaneous differentiation into connective tissue cells, and differentiation into the majority of cell types upon specific inductive conditions. Although ontogenesis, niche, and heterogeneity of MSCs are still under investigation, there is a rapid boost of attempts at clinical applications of MSCs, especially for a flood of civilization-driven conditions in so quickly aging societies, not only in the developed countries, but also in the populous developing world. The fields of regenerative medicine and oncology are particularly extensively addressed by MSC applications, in part due to the paucity of traditional therapeutic options for these highly demanding and costly conditions. There are currently almost 1,000 clinical trials registered worldwide at ClinicalTrials.gov, and it seems that we are starting to witness the snowball effect with MSCs becoming a powerful global industry; however, the spectacular effects of MSCs in the clinic still need to be shown. Stem Cells 2019;37:855-864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Longhini ALF, Salazar TE, Vieira C, Trinh T, Duan Y, Pay LM, Li Calzi S, Losh M, Johnston NA, Xie H, Kim M, Hunt RJ, Yoder MC, Santoro D, McCarrel TM, Grant MB. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate immunomodulatory potential for therapeutic use in horses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212642. [PMID: 30870461 PMCID: PMC6417789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be mobilized into peripheral blood using electroacupuncture (EA) at acupoints, LI-4, LI-11, GV-14, and GV-20. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EA-mobilized MSC could be harvested and expanded in vitro to be used as an autologous cell therapy in horses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from young and aged lame horses (n = 29) showed a marked enrichment for MSCs. MSC were expanded in vitro (n = 25) and administered intravenously at a dose of 50 x 106 (n = 24). Treatment resulted in significant improvement in lameness as assessed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) lameness scale (n = 23). MSCs exhibited immunomodulatory function by inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and induction of IL-10. Intradermal testing showed no immediate or delayed immune reactions to MSC (1 x 106 to 1 x 104). In this study, we demonstrated an efficient, safe and reproducible method to mobilize and expand, in vitro, MSCs in sufficiently high concentrations for therapeutic administration. We confirm the immunomodulatory function of these cells in vitro. This non-pharmacological and non-surgical strategy for stem cell harvest has a broad range of biomedical applications and represents an improved clinically translatable and economical cell source for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leda F. Longhini
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tatiana E. Salazar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Cristiano Vieira
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thao Trinh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Louise M. Pay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Megan Losh
- Office of Vice President for Research, Indiana University, School of Medicine IACUC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Johnston
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Huisheng Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Robert J. Hunt
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Domenico Santoro
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Taralyn M. McCarrel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hassouna A, M. Abd Elgwad M, Fahmy H. Stromal Stem Cells: Nature, Biology and Potential Therapeutic Applications. STROMAL CELLS - STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.77346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Kim J, Kim NK, Park SR, Choi BH. GM-CSF Enhances Mobilization of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via a CXCR4-Medicated Mechanism. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 16:59-68. [PMID: 30815351 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to investigate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow (BM) into the peripheral blood (PB) in rats. Methods GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously to rats at 50 μg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. The BM and PB of rats were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days during the administration for analysis. Results Upon GM-CSF administration, the number of mononuclear cells increased rapidly at day 1 both in the BM and PB. This number decreased gradually over time in the BM to below the initial amount by day 5, but was maintained at a high level in the PB until day 5. The colony-forming unit-fibroblasts were increased in the PB by 10.3-fold at day 5 of GM-CSF administration, but decreased in the BM. Compared to GM-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulated lower levels of MSC mobilization from the BM to the PB. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GM-CSF induced a hypoxic and proteolytic microenvironment and increased C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression in the BM. GM-CSF added to BM MSCs in vitro dose-dependently increased CXCR4 expression and cell migration. G-CSF and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) showed similar results in these in vitro assays. Know-down of CXCR4 expression with siRNA significantly abolished GM-CSF- and G-CSF-induced MSC migration in vitro, indicating the involvement of the SDF-1-CXCR4 interaction in the mechanism. Conclusion These results suggest that GM-CSF is a useful tool for mobilizing BM MSCs into the PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Kim
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212 Korea
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Park YB, Ha CW, Rhim JH, Lee HJ. Stem Cell Therapy for Articular Cartilage Repair: Review of the Entity of Cell Populations Used and the Result of the Clinical Application of Each Entity. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2540-2552. [PMID: 29023156 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517729152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following successful preclinical studies, stem cell therapy is emerging as a candidate for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions. Because stem cell therapy for cartilage repair in humans is at an early phase, confusion and errors are found in the literature regarding use of the term stem cell therapy in this field. PURPOSE To provide an overview of the outcomes of cartilage repair, elucidating the various cell populations used, and thus reduce confusion with regard to using the term stem cell therapy. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS The authors systematically reviewed any studies on clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in human subjects. A comprehensive search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus for human studies that evaluated articular cartilage repair with cell populations containing MSCs. These studies were classified as using bone marrow-derived MSCs, adipose tissue-derived MSCs, peripheral blood-derived MSCs, synovium-derived MSCs, and umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs according to the entity of cell population used. RESULTS Forty-six clinical studies were identified to focus on cartilage repair with MSCs: 20 studies with bone marrow-derived MSCs, 21 studies with adipose tissue-derived MSCs, 3 studies with peripheral blood-derived MSCs, 1 study with synovium-derived MSCs, and 1 study with umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs. All clinical studies reported that cartilage treated with MSCs showed favorable clinical outcomes in terms of clinical scores or cartilage repair evaluated by MRI. However, most studies were limited to case reports and case series. Among these 46 clinical studies, 18 studies erroneously referred to adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fractions as "adipose-derived MSCs," 2 studies referred to peripheral blood-derived progenitor cells as "peripheral blood-derived MSCs," and 1 study referred to bone marrow aspirate concentrate as "bone marrow-derived MSCs." CONCLUSION Limited evidence is available regarding clinical benefit of stem cell therapy for articular cartilage repair. Because the literature contains substantial errors in describing the therapeutic cells used, researchers need to be alert and observant of proper terms, especially regarding whether the cells used were stem cells or cell populations containing a small portion of stem cells, to prevent confusion in understanding the results of a given stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Won Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Rhim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Novel Lipid Signaling Mediators for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mobilization during Bone Repair. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:241-253. [PMID: 29983824 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSCs), which normally reside in the bone marrow, are critical to bone health and can be recruited to sites of traumatic bone injury, contributing to new bone formation. The ability to control the trafficking of MSCs provides therapeutic potential for improving traumatic bone healing and therapy for genetic bone diseases such as hypophosphatasia. Methods In this study, we explored the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling axis as a means to control the mobilization of MSCs into blood and possibly to recruit MSCs enhancing bone growth. Results Loss of S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) leads to an increase in circulating CD45-/CD29+/CD90+/Sca1 putative mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting that blocking S1PR3 may stimulate MSCs to leave the bone marrow. Antagonism of S1PR3 with the small molecule VPC01091 stimulated acute migration of CD45-/CD29+/CD90+/Sca1+ MSCs into the blood as early as 1.5 hours after treatment. VPC01091 administration also increased ectopic bone formation induced by BMP-2 and significantly increased new bone formation in critically sized rat cranial defects, suggesting that mobilized MSCs may home to injuries to contribute to healing. We also explored the possibility of combining S1P manipulation of endogenous host cell occupancy with exogenous MSC transplantation for potential use in combination therapies. Importantly, reducing niche occupancy of host MSCs with VPC01091 does not impede engraftment of exogenous MSCs. Conclusions Our studies suggest that MSC mobilization through S1PR3 antagonism is a promising strategy for endogenous tissue engineering and improving MSC delivery to treat bone diseases.
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Čamernik K, Barlič A, Drobnič M, Marc J, Jeras M, Zupan J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Musculoskeletal System: From Animal Models to Human Tissue Regeneration? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:346-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair: Preclinical Studies and Insights in Translational Animal Models and Outcome Measures. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29535784 PMCID: PMC5832141 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9079538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the restricted intrinsic capacity of resident chondrocytes to regenerate the lost cartilage postinjury, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair. Moreover, stem cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used successfully in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these promising reports, the exact mechanisms underlying stem cell-mediated cartilage repair remain uncertain. Stem cells can contribute to cartilage repair via chondrogenic differentiation, via immunomodulation, or by the production of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles. But before novel cell-based therapies for cartilage repair can be introduced into the clinic, rigorous testing in preclinical animal models is required. Preclinical models used in regenerative cartilage studies include murine, lapine, caprine, ovine, porcine, canine, and equine models, each associated with its specific advantages and limitations. This review presents a summary of recent in vitro data and from in vivo preclinical studies justifying the use of MSCs and iPSCs in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing small and large animals will be discussed, while also describing suitable outcome measures for evaluating cartilage repair.
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Yang Z, Vajta G, Xu Y, Luan J, Lin M, Liu C, Tian J, Dou H, Li Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li L, Yang W, Bolund L, Yang H, Du Y. Production of Pigs by Hand-Made Cloning Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts. Cell Reprogram 2017; 18:256-63. [PMID: 27459584 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited self-renewal and less differentiation, making the MSCs promising candidates for adult somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this article, we tried to produce genome identical pigs through hand-made cloning (HMC), with MSCs and adult skin fibroblasts as donor cells. MSCs were derived from either adipose tissue or peripheral blood (aMSCs and bMSCs, respectively). MSCs usually showed the expression pattern of CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 together with lack of expression of the hematopoietic markers CD34and CD45. Flow cytometry results demonstrated high expression of CD29 and CD90 in both MSC lines, while CD73, CD34, and CD45 expression were not detected. In contrary, in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, CD73 and CD34 were detected indicating that human antibodies CD73 and CD34 were not suitable to identify porcine cell surface markers and porcine MSC cellular surface markers of CD34 might be different from other species. MSCs also had potential to differentiate successfully into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. After HMC, embryos reconstructed with aMSCs had higher blastocyst rate on day 5 and 6 than those reconstructed with bMSCs and fibroblasts (29.6% ± 1.3% and 41.1% ± 1.4% for aMSCs vs. 23.9% ± 1.2% and 35.5% ± 1.6% for bMSCs and 22.1% ± 0.9% and 33.3% ± 1.1% for fibroblasts, respectively). Live birth rate per transferred blastocyst achieved with bMSCs (1.59%) was the highest among the three groups. This article was the first report to compare the efficiency among bMSCs, aMSCs, and fibroblasts for boar cloning, which offered a realistic perspective to use the HMC technology for commercial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Gábor Vajta
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,3 Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ying Xu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Luan
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Mufei Lin
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Tian
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yutao Du
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
White adipose tissue is a remarkably expandable organ with results in the last decade showing that human white adipocytes are continuously turned over during the entire life-span. Data primarily in murine models have demonstrated that adipocytes are derived from precursors present mainly in the perivascular areas of adipose tissue but their precise origin remains unclear. Subsets of cells present in bone marrow display a multipotent differentiation capacity which has prompted the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) may also contribute to the adipocyte pool present in peripheral fat depots. This notion was initially demonstrated in a murine transplantation model, however, subsequent animal studies have been conflicting resulting in a debate of whether BMDCs actually differentiate into adipocytes or just fuse with resident fat cells. This controversy was recently resolved in 2 studies of human subjects undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Using a combination of different assays these data suggest that bone marrow contributes to at least 10% of the adipocyte pool. This proportion is doubled in obesity, suggesting that BMDCs may constitute a reserve pool for adipogenesis, particularly upon weight gain. This review discusses the possible mechanisms and relevance of these findings for human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hiwatashi N, Bing R, Kraja I, Branski RC. Stem Cell-Mediated Paracrine Signaling Alters Fibroplasia in Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts in Vitro. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017. [PMID: 28635301 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417716186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and native vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) have not been described in spite of promising preliminary data regarding the effects of MSCs on vocal fold repair in vivo. The current study employed a conditioned media (CM) model to investigate the paracrine effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on VFFs. METHODS Human VFFs were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1; 10 ng/mL), CM from human BMSCs following 48 hours of TGF-β1 stimulation, or CM+TGF-β1. Proliferation, immunocytochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), migration, and collagen gel contraction were quantified as well as transcription of components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. RESULTS Transforming growth factor-β1 accelerated proliferation and induced αSMA in VFFs; these effects were suppressed with CM ( P = .009, P < .001, respectively). The CM+TGF-β1 condition increased cell migration ( P = .02) and decreased gel contraction; CM+TGF-β1 also inhibited TGF-β signaling via significant upregulation of NR4A1 as well as downregulation of S MAD3 and TGF-β1 relative to TGF-β1 stimulation in the absence of CM ( P = .002, P < .001, and P = .005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Conditioned media affected many profibrotic cell activities in TGF-β1-stimulated VFFs, likely related to altered TGF-β signaling. These data provide preliminary insight regarding the antifibrotic effects of MSCs and further support their progression to clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hiwatashi
- 1 NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renjie Bing
- 1 NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iv Kraja
- 1 NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan C Branski
- 1 NYU Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Zinc-modified Calcium Silicate Coatings Promote Osteogenic Differentiation through TGF-β/Smad Pathway and Osseointegration in Osteopenic Rabbits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3440. [PMID: 28611362 PMCID: PMC5469779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-modified metal implants incorporating different ions have been employed in the biomedical field as bioactive dental implants with good osseointegration properties. However, the molecular mechanism through which surface coatings exert the biological activity is not fully understood, and the effects have been difficult to achieve, especially in the osteopenic bone. In this study, We examined the effect of zinc-modified calcium silicate coatings with two different Zn contents to induce osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived pericytes (BM-PCs) and osteogenetic efficiency in ovariectomised rabbits. Ti-6Al-4V with zinc-modified calcium silicate coatings not only enhanced proliferation but also promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition of rat BM-PCs as the zinc content and culture time increased in vitro. The associated molecular mechanisms were investigated by Q-PCR and Western blotting, revealing that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a direct and significant role in regulating BM-PCs osteoblastic differentiation on Zn-modified coatings. Furthermore, in vivo results that revealed Zn-modified calcium silicate coatings significantly promoted new bone formation around the implant surface in osteopenic rabbits as the Zn content and exposure time increased. Therefore, Zn-modified calcium silicate coatings can improve implant osseointegration in the condition of osteopenia, which may be beneficial for patients suffering from osteoporosis-related fractures.
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