1
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Gao X, Wang C, Abdelrahman S, Kady N, Murga-Zamalloa C, Gann P, Sverdlov M, Wolfe A, Polk A, Brown N, Bailey NG, Inamdar K, Casavilca S, Montes J, Barrionuevo C, Taxa L, Reneau J, Siebel CW, Maillard I, Wilcox RA. Notch Signaling Promotes Mature T-Cell Lymphomagenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3763-3773. [PMID: 36006995 PMCID: PMC9588752 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are agressive lymphomas that develop from mature T cells. The most common PTCLs are genetically, molecularly, and clinically diverse and are generally associated with dismal outcomes. While Notch signaling plays a critically important role in both the development of immature T cells and their malignant transformation, its role in PTCL is poorly understood, despite the increasingly appreciated function of Notch in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mature T cells. Here, we demonstrate that Notch receptors and their Delta-like family ligands (DLL1/DLL4) play a pathogenic role in PTCL. Notch1 activation was observed in common PTCL subtypes, including PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS). In a large cohort of PTCL-NOS biopsies, Notch1 activation was significantly associated with surrogate markers of proliferation. Complementary genetically engineered mouse models and spontaneous PTCL models were used to functionally examine the role of Notch signaling, and Notch1/Notch2 blockade and pan-Notch blockade using dominant-negative MAML significantly impaired the proliferation of malignant T cells and PTCL progression in these models. Treatment with DLL1/DLL4 blocking antibodies established that Notch signaling is ligand-dependent. Together, these findings reveal a role for ligand-dependent Notch signaling in driving peripheral T-cell lymphomagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE This work demonstrates that ligand-dependent Notch activation promotes the growth and proliferation of mature T-cell lymphomas, providing new therapeutic strategies for this group of aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Suhaib Abdelrahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nermin Kady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Peter Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley Wolfe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Avery Polk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Noah Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Kedar Inamdar
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Sandro Casavilca
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Jaime Montes
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Barrionuevo
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Taxa
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), Lima, Peru
| | - John Reneau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Ivan Maillard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ryan A. Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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2
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Zhong T, Lei K, Lin X, Xie Z, Luo S, Zhou Z, Zhao B, Li X. Protein ubiquitination in T cell development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941962. [PMID: 35990660 PMCID: PMC9386135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important form of posttranslational modification, protein ubiquitination regulates a wide variety of biological processes, including different aspects of T cell development and differentiation. During T cell development, thymic seeding progenitor cells (TSPs) in the thymus undergo multistep maturation programs and checkpoints, which are critical to build a functional and tolerant immune system. Currently, a tremendous amount of research has focused on the transcriptional regulation of thymocyte development. However, in the past few years, compelling evidence has revealed that the ubiquitination system also plays a crucial role in the regulation of thymocyte developmental programs. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways that regulate thymocyte ubiquitination and discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved in these processes. Understanding how T cell development is regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination will not only enhance our understanding of cell fate determination via gene regulatory networks but also provide potential novel therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Zhao
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhao, ; Xia Li,
| | - Xia Li
- *Correspondence: Bin Zhao, ; Xia Li,
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3
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Wang L, Sun X, He J, Liu Z. Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Deltex Family Ubiquitin E3 Ligases in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:706997. [PMID: 34513839 PMCID: PMC8424196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.706997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification of proteins that significantly affects protein stability and function. The specificity of substrate recognition is determined by ubiquitin E3 ligase during ubiquitination. Human Deltex (DTX) protein family, which functions as ubiquitin E3 ligases, comprises five members, namely, DTX1, DTX2, DTX3, DTX3L, and DTX4. The characteristics and functional diversity of the DTX family proteins have attracted significant attention over the last decade. DTX proteins have several physiological and pathological roles and are closely associated with cell signal transduction, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as the occurrence and development of various tumors. Although they have been extensively studied in various species, data on structural features, biological functions, and potential mechanisms of action of the DTX family proteins remain limited. In this review, recent research progress on each member of the DTX family is summarized, providing insights into future research directions and potential strategies in disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Jingni He
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Chistiakov DA, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Myeloid dendritic cells: Development, functions, and role in atherosclerotic inflammation. Immunobiology 2015; 220:833-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Arruga F, Gizdic B, Serra S, Vaisitti T, Ciardullo C, Coscia M, Laurenti L, D'Arena G, Jaksic O, Inghirami G, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Deaglio S. Functional impact of NOTCH1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2013; 28:1060-70. [PMID: 24170027 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the expression and function of NOTCH1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients harboring a wild-type (WT) or mutated NOTCH1 gene. NOTCH1 mRNA and surface protein expression levels were independent of the NOTCH1 gene mutational status, consistent with the requirement for NOTCH1 signaling in this leukemia. However, compared with NOTCH1-WT CLL, mutated cases displayed biochemical and transcriptional evidence of an intense activation of the NOTCH1 pathway. In vivo, expression and activation of NOTCH1 was highest in CLL cells from the lymph nodes as confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the NOTCH1 pathway was rapidly downregulated, suggesting that signaling relies upon micro-environmental interactions even in NOTCH1-mutated cases. Accordingly, co-culture of Jagged1(+) (the NOTCH1 ligand) nurse-like cells with autologous CLL cells sustained NOTCH1 activity over time and mediated CLL survival and resistance against pro-apoptotic stimuli, both abrogated when NOTCH1 signaling was pharmacologically switched off. Together, these results show that NOTCH1 mutations have stabilizing effects on the NOTCH1 pathway in CLL. Furthermore, micro-environmental interactions appear critical in activating the NOTCH1 pathway both in WT and mutated patients. Finally, NOTCH1 signals may create conditions that favor drug resistance, thus making NOTCH1 a potential molecular target in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - B Gizdic
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Department of Hematology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Serra
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - T Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - C Ciardullo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - M Coscia
- Division of Hematology, Laboratory of Hematology Oncology, Center of Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Cittá della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - L Laurenti
- Institute of Hematology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Arena
- Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - O Jaksic
- Department of Hematology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - G Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center of Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - D Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - G Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - S Deaglio
- 1] Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy [2] Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
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6
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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7
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Xin HW, Hari DM, Mullinax JE, Ambe CM, Koizumi T, Ray S, Anderson AJ, Wiegand GW, Garfield SH, Thorgeirsson SS, Avital I. Tumor-initiating label-retaining cancer cells in human gastrointestinal cancers undergo asymmetric cell division. Stem Cells 2012; 30:591-8. [PMID: 22331764 PMCID: PMC3492937 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Label-retaining cells (LRCs) have been proposed to represent adult tissue stem cells. LRCs are hypothesized to result from either slow cycling or asymmetric cell division (ACD). However, the stem cell nature and whether LRC undergo ACD remain controversial. Here, we demonstrate label-retaining cancer cells (LRCCs) in several gastrointestinal (GI) cancers including fresh surgical specimens. Using a novel method for isolation of live LRCC, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of LRCC is actively dividing and exhibits stem cells and pluripotency gene expression profiles. Using real-time confocal microscopic cinematography, we show live LRCC undergoing asymmetric nonrandom chromosomal cosegregation LRC division. Importantly, LRCCs have greater tumor-initiating capacity than non-LRCCs. Based on our data and that cancers develop in tissues that harbor normal-LRC, we propose that LRCC might represent a novel population of GI stem-like cancer cells. LRCC may provide novel mechanistic insights into the biology of cancer and regenerative medicine and present novel targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wu Xin
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle M. Hari
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John E. Mullinax
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenwi M. Ambe
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomotake Koizumi
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J. Anderson
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gordon W. Wiegand
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan H. Garfield
- Laboratory for Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory for Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Itzhak Avital
- Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Malignancies Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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A role for bcl-2 in notch1-dependent transcription in thymic lymphoma cells. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:435241. [PMID: 22319533 PMCID: PMC3272787 DOI: 10.1155/2012/435241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 is a transcription factor important for T-cell development. Notch1 is active in double negative (DN) thymocytes, while being depressed in double positive (DP) thymocytes. Synchronously, the expression of Bcl-2 becomes downregulated during the transition from DN to DP thymocytes. We previously observed that overexpression of an intracellular active Notch1 (ICN) in Bcl-2-positive 2B4 T cells leads to the transcription of Notch1-regulated genes. However, these genes were not induced in Bcl-2-negative DP PD1.6 thymic lymphoma cells overexpressing ICN. Here we show that, when Bcl-2 is simultaneously introduced into these cells, Notch-regulated genes are transcribed. Only in the presence of both Bcl-2 and ICN, PD1.6 thymic lymphoma cells become resistant to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that Bcl-2 plays a role in modulating Notch1 function in T cells.
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9
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Luteinizing hormone receptor deficiency increases the susceptibility to alkylating agent-induced lymphomagenesis in mice. Discov Oncol 2011; 1:256-64. [PMID: 21666843 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-010-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed a close link between luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) signaling and oncogenesis in gonadal and nongonadal tissues. To investigate whether genetic ablation of LH receptor (Lhr) affects the animal's oncogenic susceptibility, adult female wild-type (wt), heterozygous, and homozygous Lhr knockout (LhrKO) mice were intraperitoneally injected with an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU, 50 mg/kg of body weight). The mice were sacrificed when they were short of breath or 10 months after the injection. The results showed that MNU induced non-Hodgkin's thymic and lymphonodus lymphomas in 70.6% and 100% of heterozygous and homozygous animals, respectively, compared with 35.7% in wt siblings. The tumor development was rapid; they were more aggressive and metastasized to the spleen, liver, and kidney in Lhr-deficient mice compared to wt siblings. All tumors were immunostained-positive for a T-cell specific marker, CD3, but not for a B-cell marker, CD22, suggesting that all the lymphomas arose from T-cells, which are known to be LH/hCG receptor-positive. There was no rearrangement of the Lhr gene locus or differences in thymic cell proliferation among the genotypes. However, apoptosis was lower in the Lhr-deficient thymuses. The thymic Bcl-2 levels were elevated and caspase-3 activation was reduced in Lhr heterozygous and homozygous animals. In conclusion, MNU induced a higher incidence and an earlier onset of aggressive lymphomas in LhrKO animals, which may be associated with a reduction in apoptosis of thymocytes.
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10
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Kfir-Erenfeld S, Sionov RV, Spokoini R, Cohen O, Yefenof E. Protein kinase networks regulating glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic cancer cells: fundamental aspects and practical considerations. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1968-2005. [PMID: 20849387 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.506570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are integral components in the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma owing to their ability to induce apoptosis of these malignant cells. Resistance to GC therapy is associated with poor prognosis. Although they have been used in clinics for decades, the signal transduction pathways involved in GC-induced apoptosis have only partly been resolved. Accumulating evidence shows that this cell death process is mediated by a communication between nuclear GR affecting gene transcription of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bim, mitochondrial GR affecting the physiology of the mitochondria, and the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), which interacts with Bim following exposure to GCs. Prevention of Bim up-regulation, mitochondrial GR translocation, and/or GSK3 activation are common causes leading to GC therapy failure. Various protein kinases positively regulating the pro-survival Src-PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Raf-Ras-MEK-ERK signal cascades have been shown to be activated in malignant leukemic cells and antagonize GC-induced apoptosis by inhibiting GSK3 activation and Bim expression. Targeting these protein kinases has proven effective in sensitizing GR-positive malignant lymphoid cells to GC-induced apoptosis. Thus, intervening with the pro-survival kinase network in GC-resistant cells should be a good means of improving GC therapy of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld
- The Lautenberg Center of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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YAN S, MA D, JI M, GUO D, DAI J, ZHAO P, JI C. Expression profile of Notch-related genes in multidrug resistant K562/A02 cells compared with parental K562 cells. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:150-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2009.01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Guo D, Ye J, Li L, Dai J, Ma D, Ji C. Down-regulation of Notch-1 increases co-cultured Jurkat cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:270-8. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802553257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Mechanisms regulating the susceptibility of hematopoietic malignancies to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Adv Cancer Res 2009; 101:127-248. [PMID: 19055945 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies owing to their ability to induce apoptosis of these cancerous cells. Whereas some types of lymphoma and leukemia respond well to this drug, others are resistant. Also, GC-resistance gradually develops upon repeated treatments ultimately leading to refractory relapsed disease. Understanding the mechanisms regulating GC-induced apoptosis is therefore uttermost important for designing novel treatment strategies that overcome GC-resistance. This review discusses updated data describing the complex regulation of the cell's susceptibility to apoptosis triggered by GCs. We address both the genomic and nongenomic effects involved in promoting the apoptotic signals as well as the resistance mechanisms opposing these signals. Eventually we address potential strategies of clinical relevance that sensitize GC-resistant lymphoma and leukemia cells to this drug. The major target is the nongenomic signal transduction machinery where the interplay between protein kinases determines the cell fate. Shifting the balance of the kinome towards a state where Glycogen synthase kinase 3alpha (GSK3alpha) is kept active, favors an apoptotic response. Accumulating data show that it is possible to therapeutically modulate GC-resistance in patients, thereby improving the response to GC therapy.
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14
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Gamma-secretase inhibitors reverse glucocorticoid resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2008; 15:50-8. [PMID: 19098907 PMCID: PMC2692090 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) block the activation of oncogenic NOTCH1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, limited antileukemic cytotoxicity and severe gastrointestinal toxicity have restricted the clinical application of these targeted drugs. Here we show that combination therapy with GSIs plus glucocorticoids can improve the antileukemic effects of GSIs and reduce their gut toxicity in vivo. Inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling in glucocorticoid-resistant T-ALL restored glucocorticoid receptor auto-up-regulation and induced apoptotic cell death through induction of BIM expression. GSI treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest and accumulation of goblet cells in the gut mediated by upregulation of Klf4, a negative regulator of cell cycle required for goblet cell differentiation. In contrast, glucocorticoid treatment induced transcriptional upregulation of Ccnd2 and protected mice from developing intestinal goblet cell metaplasia typically induced by inhibition of NOTCH signaling with GSIs. These results support a role for glucocorticoids plus GSIs in the treatment of glucocorticoid-resistant T-ALL.
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15
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Ko M, Sohn DH, Chung H, Seong RH. Chromatin remodeling, development and disease. Mutat Res 2008; 647:59-67. [PMID: 18786551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development is a stepwise process in which multi-potent progenitor cells undergo lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation and maturation to produce mature cells with restricted developmental potentials. This process is directed by spatiotemporally distinct gene expression programs that allow cells to stringently orchestrate intricate transcriptional activation or silencing events. In eukaryotes, chromatin structure contributes to developmental progression as a blueprint for coordinated gene expression by actively participating in the regulation of gene expression. Changes in higher order chromatin structure or covalent modification of its components are considered to be critical events in dictating lineage-specific gene expression during development. Mammalian cells utilize multi-subunit nuclear complexes to alter chromatin structure. Histone-modifying complex catalyzes covalent modifications of histone tails including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, which disrupts histone-DNA contacts and induces nucleosome mobilization, requires energy from ATP hydrolysis for its catalytic activity. Here, we discuss the diverse functions of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes during mammalian development. In particular, the roles of these complexes during embryonic and hematopoietic development are reviewed in depth. In addition, pathological conditions such as tumor development that are induced by mutation of several key subunits of the chromatin remodeling complex are discussed, together with possible mechanisms that underlie tumor suppression by the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jang J, Ku SY, Kim JE, Choi K, Kim YY, Kim HS, Oh SK, Lee EJ, Cho HJ, Song YH, Lee SH, Lee SH, Suh CS, Kim SH, Moon SY, Choi YM. Notch inhibition promotes human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac mesoderm differentiation. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2782-90. [PMID: 18757302 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The roles of Notch signaling in cardiac differentiation from murine embryonic stem cells have been well documented. We investigated whether Notch signaling plays a similar role in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Although, as previously reported, blocking Notch signaling via the addition of gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) alone failed to affect hESC differentiation, we found that GSI plus reduced-volume culture medium (GSI/RVCM) accelerated mesodermal differentiation. GSI/RVCM conditions simultaneously suppressed commitment toward neuroectodermal lineages. Furthermore, sustained inhibition of Notch signaling further enhanced differentiation into cardiac mesoderm. Spontaneous beating activity was typically observed from 12 days after initiation of GSI treatment in RVCM. Moreover, hESC-derived cardiomyocytes expressed connexin 43 and possessed spontaneous calcium oscillations and cardiomyocyte beats coupled to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes when cocultured. These findings strongly suggest a distinct role for Notch signaling in the induction and specification of hESC-derived cardiac mesoderm in vitro. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Jang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-ku, Seoul, Korea.
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Dror V, Nguyen V, Walia P, Kalynyak TB, Hill JA, Johnson JD. Notch signalling suppresses apoptosis in adult human and mouse pancreatic islet cells. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2504-15. [PMID: 17922104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The pathogenesis of diabetes and the success of islet transplantation depend on the control of pancreatic beta cell fate. The Notch signalling pathway is essential for normal prenatal pancreatic development, but the presence and function of this gene network in adult islets has received much less attention. METHODS The presence of Notch signalling components was assessed in vitro using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The functional consequences of altering Notch signalling on insulin secretion and programmed cell death were examined. RESULTS Adult mouse islets, human islets and mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells possess key components of the Notch pathway. RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence indicated that the Notch target gene, neurogenin3 (Ngn3, also known as Neurog3), is also present in adult islet cells. Inhibiting Notch signalling with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) increased Ngn3 mRNA expression and protein levels in adult islets. The activated notch homologue 1 (NOTCH1) protein level was decreased upon serum withdrawal, as well as after treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, or hydroxy-2-naphthalenylmethylphosphonic acid, an insulin receptor inhibitor. While islets cultured in DAPT did not exhibit defects in insulin secretion, indicating that differentiation is unaltered, inhibiting gamma-secretase-dependent Notch activation led to a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in both MIN6 cells and human islets. Conversely, gamma-secretase overactivity resulted in an accumulation of cleaved NOTCH1 and protection from apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together these results show that the Notch/Ngn3 signalling network is intact and functional in adult islets. This pathway represents an attractive target for modulating beta cell fate in diabetes, islet transplantation and efforts to derive beta cell surrogates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dror
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling in Diabetes, Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lee KY, Choi YI, Kim J, Choi JW, Sohn DH, Lee C, Jeon SH, Seong RH. Down-Regulation of the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Activity by TCR Signaling Is Required for Proper Thymocyte Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7088-96. [PMID: 17513758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.7088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of thymocyte development requires an exquisite regulation of many genes via transcription factors and chromatin remodeling activities. Even though the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex has been thought to play important roles during thymocyte development, its known function is very limited. In this study, we show that the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling activity is finely regulated during thymocyte maturation process, especially during thymocyte selections. We found that TCR signaling directly down-regulates mBRG1 and SWI3-related gene, the core components of murine SWI/SNF complex, during thymocyte maturation. Constitutive expression of SWI3-related gene in developing thymocytes attenuated the down-regulation of the SWI/SNF complex and resulted in a change in the expression of genes such as linker for activation of T cells and casitas B lineage lymphoma, which affected the TCR-mediated intracellular signaling pathway. The defects in TCR signaling resulted in the disruption of both positive and negative selections in specific TCR transgenic mice systems. Our results state, for the first time, that the chromatin remodeling activity needs to be finely controlled for proper thymocyte selection and maturation processes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/physiology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Growth Inhibitors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Growth Inhibitors/biosynthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred A
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Trans-Activators/biosynthesis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo Y Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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