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Zhao Y, Le TMD, Hong J, Jiao A, Yoon AR, Yun CO. Smart Accumulating Dual-Targeting Lipid Envelopes Equipping Oncolytic Adenovirus for Enhancing Cancer Gene Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39356167 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Systemic delivery of oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) for cancer gene therapy must overcome several limitations such as rapid clearance from the blood, nonspecific accumulation in the liver, and insufficient delivery to the tumor tissues. In the present report, a tumor microenvironment-triggered artificial lipid envelope composed of a pH-responsive sulfamethazine-based polymer (PUSSM)-conjugated phospholipid (DOPE-HZ-PUSSM) and another lipid decorated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting peptide (GE11) (GE11-DOPE) was utilized to encapsulate replication-incompetent Ad (dAd) or oAd coexpressing short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) against Wnt5 (shWnt5) and decorin (dAd/LP-GE-PS or oAd/LP-GE-PS, respectively). In vitro studies demonstrated that dAd/LP-GE-PS transduced breast cancer cells in a pH-responsive and EGFR-specific manner, showing a higher level of transduction than naked Ad under a mildly acidic pH of 6.0 in EGFR-positive cell lines. In vivo biodistribution analyses revealed that systemic administration of oAd/LP-GE-PS leads to a significantly higher level of intratumoral virion accumulation compared to naked oAd, oAd encapsulated in a liposome without PUSSM or EGFR targeting peptide moiety (oAd/LP), or oAd encapsulated in a liposome with EGFR targeting peptide alone (oAd/LP-GE) in an EGFR overexpressing MDA-MB-468 breast tumor xenograft model, showing that both pH sensitivity and EGFR targeting ability were integral to effective systemic delivery of oAd. Further, systemic administration of all liposomal oAd formulations (oAd/LP, oAd/LP-GE, and oAd/LP-GE-PS) showed significantly attenuated hepatic accumulation of the virus compared to naked oAd. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that pH-sensitive and EGFR-targeted liposomal systemic delivery of oAd can be a promising strategy to address the conventional limitations of oAd to effectively treat EGFR-positive cancer in a safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Thai Minh Duy Le
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hong
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ao Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Wei J, Wu J. Extracellular Vesicles-Mimetic Encapsulation Improves Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy in Tumors With Low Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:574007. [PMID: 33042975 PMCID: PMC7525182 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.574007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncolytic adenovirus (Adv) exhibited poor infection efficiency in tumor cells with low coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the cell surface, which limits the therapeutic efficacy of the Adv-mediated cancer gene therapy. In addition, the abundant adenovirus neutralizing antibodies also abrogate the viral infection of cancer cells. Therefore, novel strategies are required to overcome these two major hurdles to improve the Adv-mediated cancer virotherapy. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing the extracellular domain of PD1 (Ad5-P). The 293T cells expressing VSV-G protein on the cell surface (293T-VSV-G) were infected with Ad5-P. Then Ad5-P infected 293T-VSV-G cells were harvested and squeezed stepwisely through a serial of polycarbonate membranes. Next, the extracellular vesicles-mimetic (EVM) encapsulated Ad5-P (EVM/VSV-G Ad5-P) were collected by density gradient centrifugation. In cell lines with low CAR expression, EVM/VSV-G Ad5-P showed a significantly improved infection efficiency, oncolytic ability, and soluble PD-1 production. In passively immunized mice with Ad5 neutralizing antibody, EVM/VSV-G Ad5-P successfully escaped from antibodies, and the soluble PD-1expression of Ad5-P was significantly prolonged. Finally, EVM/VSV-G Ad5-P treatment significantly improved the antitumor immune responses and prolonged survival of mice with HCC ascites. The EVM/VSV-G Ad5-P not only bypasses the limitation of low CAR expression in tumor cells to improve the viral entry, but also significantly protects the virus from the neutralization antibodies. The EVM encapsulation technology can be successfully used for loading of non-enveloped viruses to generate the extracellular vesicle-mimetic encapsulated viral particles. Our results provide a novel strategy in OVs manufacture to improve the efficacy of tumor oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Encapsulation of adenovirus serotype 5 in anionic lecithin liposomes using a bead-based immunoprecipitation technique enhances transfection efficiency. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9554-61. [PMID: 25154663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) constitute a promising class of cancer therapeutics which exploit validated genetic pathways known to be deregulated in many cancers. To overcome an immune response and to enhance its potential use to treat primary and metastatic tumors, a method for liposomal encapsulation of adenovirus has been developed. The encapsulation of adenovirus in non-toxic anionic lecithin-cholesterol-PEG liposomes ranging from 140 to 180 nm in diameter have been prepared by self-assembly around the viral capsid. The encapsulated viruses retain their ability to infect cancer cells. Furthermore, an immunoprecipitation (IP) technique has shown to be a fast and effective method to extract non-encapsulated viruses and homogenize the liposomes remaining in solution. 78% of adenovirus plaque forming units were encapsulated and retained infectivity after IP processing. Additionally, encapsulated viruses have shown enhanced transfection efficiency up to 4 × higher compared to non-encapsulated Ads. Extracting non-encapsulated viruses from solution may prevent an adverse in vivo immune response and may enhance treatment for multiple administrations.
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Shi HS, Yang LP, Wei W, Su XQ, Li XP, Li M, Luo ST, Zhang HL, Lu L, Mao YQ, Kan B, Yang L. Systemically administered liposome-encapsulated Ad-PEDF potentiates the anti-cancer effects in mouse lung metastasis melanoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:86. [PMID: 23552524 PMCID: PMC3637821 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of adenoviral vector for gene therapy is still an important strategy for advanced cancers, however, the lack of the requisite coxsackie-adenovirus receptor in cancer cells and host immune response to adenovirus limit the application of adenoviral vector in vivo. METHOD We designed the antiangiogenic gene therapy with recombinant PEDF adenovirus (Ad-PEDF) encapsulated in cationic liposome (Ad-PEDF/Liposome), and investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of Ad-PEDF/Liposome complex on inhibition of tumor metastasis. RESULTS We found that systemic administration of Ad-PEDF/liposome was well tolerated and resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth, and was more potent than uncoated Ad-PEDF to induce apoptosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells and inhibit murine pulmonary metastases in vivo. After Ad-luciferase was encapsulated with liposome, its distribution decreased in liver and increased in lung. The anti-Ad IgG level of Ad-PEDF/Liposome was significantly lower than Ad-PEDF used alone. CONCLUSION The present findings provide evidences of systematic administration of cationic liposome-encapsulated Ad-PEDF in pulmonary metastatic melanoma mice model, and show an encouraging therapeutic effect for further exploration and application of more complexes based on liposome-encapsulated adenovirus for more cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-shan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medicine School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Aldhamen YA, Seregin SS, Amalfitano A. Immune recognition of gene transfer vectors: focus on adenovirus as a paradigm. Front Immunol 2011; 2:40. [PMID: 22566830 PMCID: PMC3342374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Adenovirus (Ad) based vectors have been utilized extensively as a gene transfer platform in multiple pre-clinical and clinical applications. These applications are numerous, and inclusive of both gene therapy and vaccine based approaches to human or animal diseases. The widespread utilization of these vectors in both animal models, as well as numerous human clinical trials (Ad-based vectors surpass all other gene transfer vectors relative to numbers of patients treated, as well as number of clinical trials overall), has shed light on how this virus vector interacts with both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The ability to generate and administer large amounts of this vector likely contributes not only to their ability to allow for highly efficient gene transfer, but also their elicitation of host immune responses to the vector and/or the transgene the vector expresses in vivo. These facts, coupled with utilization of several models that allow for full detection of these responses has predicted several observations made in human trials, an important point as lack of similar capabilities by other vector systems may prevent detection of such responses until only after human trials are initiated. Finally, induction of innate or adaptive immune responses by Ad vectors may be detrimental in one setting (i.e., gene therapy) and be entirely beneficial in another (i.e., prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine based applications). Herein, we review the current understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses to Ad vectors, as well some recent advances that attempt to capitalize on this understanding so as to further broaden the safe and efficient use of Ad-based gene transfer therapies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ali Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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Seregin SS, Amalfitano A. Improving adenovirus based gene transfer: strategies to accomplish immune evasion. Viruses 2010; 2:2013-2036. [PMID: 21994718 PMCID: PMC3185744 DOI: 10.3390/v2092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) based gene transfer vectors continue to be the platform of choice for an increasing number of clinical trials worldwide. In fact, within the last five years, the number of clinical trials that utilize Ad based vectors has doubled, indicating growing enthusiasm for the numerous positive characteristics of this gene transfer platform. For example, Ad vectors can be easily and relatively inexpensively produced to high titers in a cGMP compliant manner, can be stably stored and transported, and have a broad applicability for a wide range of clinical conditions, including both gene therapy and vaccine applications. Ad vector based gene transfer will become more useful as strategies to counteract innate and/or pre-existing adaptive immune responses to Ads are developed and confirmed to be efficacious. The approaches attempting to overcome these limitations can be divided into two broad categories: pre-emptive immune modulation of the host, and selective modification of the Ad vector itself. The first category of methods includes the use of immunosuppressive drugs or specific compounds to block important immune pathways, which are known to be induced by Ads. The second category comprises several innovative strategies inclusive of: (1) Ad-capsid-display of specific inhibitors or ligands; (2) covalent modifications of the entire Ad vector capsid moiety; (3) the use of tissue specific promoters and local administration routes; (4) the use of genome modified Ads; and (5) the development of chimeric or alternative serotype Ads. This review article will focus on both the promise and the limitations of each of these immune evasion strategies, and in the process delineate future directions in developing safer and more efficacious Ad-based gene transfer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S. Seregin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-517-884-5324; Fax: +1-517-353-8957
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Yang L, Wang L, Su XQ, Wang L, Chen XC, Li D, Luo ST, Shi HS, Chen LJ, Wang YS. Suppression of ovarian cancer growth via systemic administration with liposome-encapsulated adenovirus-encoding endostatin. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:49-57. [PMID: 19609295 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy using adenoviral vector containing the endostatin gene is a promising strategy for advanced cancers. However, host immune response to adenovirus and the lack of the requisite coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in many primary cells limit the in vivo application. Liposome-complexed adenoviral vectors have proven to be useful for enhancing gene delivery in target cells that lack adenoviral receptors and avoiding a neutralizing antibody response. Here, we investigated antitumor effects of intravenous administration with PEG-PE cationic liposome-encapsulated recombinant human endostatin adenovirus (Ad-hEndo) on CAR-negative ovarian cancer. Electron micrography (EM) showed that these liposomes efficiently encapsulated the vectors, allowing CAR-independent adenovector transduction. The results showed that the complex enhanced transfection efficiency of recombinant adenovirus. Prolonged systemic administration was performed in immunocompetent mice and did not induce significant antibody response. The antitumor effect with PEG-PE cationic liposome encapsulated with Ad-hE (Ad-hE/lipo) was evaluated in the human ovarian cancer model. Systemic administration was well tolerated and resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth in an established ovarian cancer model, which was associated with a decreased number of micro-vessels and increased apoptosis of tumor cells. Our study shows that PEG-PE cationic liposome-encapsulated Ad-hE (Ad-hE/Lipo) can be administrated intravenously and lastingly to inhibit angiogenesis, thus showing promising clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, School of life Science, Sichuan University, Gaoxin District, Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC
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8
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Han SY, Lee YJ, Jung HI, Lee SW, Lim SJ, Hong SH, Jeong JS. Gene transfer using liposome-complexed adenovirus seems to overcome limitations due to coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-deficiency of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Exp Mol Med 2008; 40:427-34. [PMID: 18779655 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2008.40.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of adenoviruses as vehicle for gene therapy requires that target cells express appropriate receptors such as coxsakievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). We show here that CAR-deficiency in cancer cells, that limits adenoviral gene delivery, can be overcome by using adenovirus complexed with the liposome, Ad-PEGPE [1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly-ethylene glycol)-2000]. We first confirmed that CT-26 mouse colon cancer cells are deficient in CAR by RT-PCR, and then showed that CT-26 cells infected with Ad-GFP/PEGPE exhibited highly enhanced expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), compared with those infected with Ad-GFP. GFP expression depends on the dose of liposome and adenovirus. Luciferase expression in livers treated with Ad-luc/PEGPE was about 1,000-fold less than those infected with Ad-luc. In a liver metastasis mouse tumor model developed by intrasplenic injection of CT-26 cells, luciferase expression following i.v. injection of Ad-luc/PEGPE was significantly higher in tumors than in adjacent non-neoplastic liver. Following systemic administration of Ad-GFP/PEGPE, GFP expression increased in tumors more than in adjacent liver while the reverse was true following administration of Ad-GFP. In the latter case, GFP expression was higher in liver than in tumors. This study demonstrates that systemic delivery of PEGPE-adenovirus complex is an effective tool of adenoviral delivery as it overcomes limitation due to CAR deficiency of target cells while reducing hepatic uptake and enhancing adenoviral gene expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Young Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine Busan 602-714, Korea
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Enhanced delivery efficiency of recombinant adenovirus into tumor and mesenchymal stem cells by a novel PTD. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:703-12. [PMID: 18600258 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein transduction domains (PTDs) are small peptides that facilitate the transduction of large molecules such as polyproteins, DNA and viruses into a eukaryotic cell. Here, we demonstrated that a novel PTD (HP4) derived from herring protamine appeared to enter C6Bu1 rat glioma cell lines more rapidly than other known PTDs such as Tat, Antp and Hph-1. Moreover, HP4 significantly enhanced in vitro transduction of recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) into various cancer cell lines, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells, which are relatively resistant to rAd infection. Enhancement of rAd delivery into C6Bu1 and MSCs by HP4 is 20 and 7 times higher than that by Tat, respectively. The increase in the expression of rAd encoding IL-12N220L by HP4 is proportional to its antitumor effect in the ex vivo transduced mouse colon cancer model. Thus, these results suggest that HP4 could be utilized to improve the transduction efficiency of rAd, resulting in enhanced efficacy of rAd-mediated gene therapy, especially for ex vivo-transduced cell therapy.
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Singh R, Al-Jamal KT, Lacerda L, Kostarelos K. Nanoengineering artificial lipid envelopes around adenovirus by self-assembly. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1040-1050. [PMID: 19206502 DOI: 10.1021/nn8000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel, reproducible, and facile methodology for the construction of artificial lipid envelopes for adenoviruses (Ad) by self-assembly of lipid molecules around the viral capsid. No alteration of the viral genome or conjugation surface chemistry at the virus capsid was necessary, therefore difficulties in production and purification associated with generating most surface-modified viruses can be eliminated. Different lipid bilayer compositions produced artificially enveloped Ad with physicochemical and biological characteristics determined by the type of lipid used. Physicochemical characteristics such as vector size, degree of aggregation, stability, and surface charge of the artificially enveloped Ad were correlated to their biological (gene transfer) function. In monolayer cell cultures, binding to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was blocked using a zwitterionic envelope, whereas enhanced binding to the cell membrane was achieved using a cationic envelope. Envelopment of Ad by both zwitterionic and cationic lipid bilayers led to almost complete ablation of gene expression in cell monolayers, due to blockage of virion endosomal escape. Alternatively, artificial Ad envelopes built from lipid bilayers at the fluid phase in physiological conditions led to enhanced penetration of the vectors inside a three-dimensional tumor spheroid cell culture model and delayed gene expression in the tumor spheroid compared to nonenveloped adenovirus. These results indicate that construction of artificial envelopes for nonenveloped viruses by lipid bilayer wrapping of the viral capsids constitutes a general strategy to rationally engineer viruses at the nanoscale with control over their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Singh
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Bonsted A, Engesaeter BØ, Høgset A, Maelandsmo GM, Prasmickaite L, D'Oliveira C, Hennink WE, van Steenis JH, Berg K. Photochemically enhanced transduction of polymer-complexed adenovirus targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Gene Med 2006; 8:286-97. [PMID: 16342300 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of methods for specific delivery of genes into target tissues is an important issue for the further progress of gene therapy. Biological and physical targeting techniques may be combined to redirect gene therapy vectors to specific cells and enhance gene transfer. METHODS The polymer poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) was conjugated with avidin or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and complexed with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). Targeting of polymer-coated Ad5 to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was accomplished by the binding of biotin-EGF to pDMAEMA-avidin. A photochemical treatment procedure using photosensitizer and light was applied to increase transduction with EGFR-targeted viral complexes. RESULTS pDMAEMA-avidin efficiently enhanced transduction through unspecific viral uptake into cells, while pDMAEMA-PEG provided charge shielding of the complexes and increased the specificity to EGFR when biotin-EGF ligands were used. Transduction of PEG-containing, EGFR-targeted viral complexes was inhibited by 66% in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-deficient RD cells and by 47% in CAR-expressing DU 145 cells in receptor antibody experiments. The photochemical treatment had a substantial effect on transduction, enhancing the percentage of reporter gene positive cells from 20% to 75% of the total viable RD cell population and from 10% to 70% in DU 145 cells. CONCLUSION Photochemical treatment of cells infected with targeted viral vectors exhibiting a neutral surface charge is a potent method for enhancing transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Bonsted
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet HF, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
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Wu H, Han T, Belousova N, Krasnykh V, Kashentseva E, Dmitriev I, Kataram M, Mahasreshti PJ, Curiel DT. Identification of sites in adenovirus hexon for foreign peptide incorporation. J Virol 2005; 79:3382-90. [PMID: 15731232 PMCID: PMC1075677 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.6.3382-3390.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is one of the most promising vectors for gene therapy applications. Genetic engineering of Ad5 capsid proteins has been employed to redirect vector tropism, to enhance infectivity, or to circumvent preexisting host immunity. As the most abundant capsid protein, hexon modification is particularly attractive. However, genetic modification of hexon often results in failure of rescuing viable viruses. Since hypervariable regions (HVRs) are nonconserved among hexons of different serotypes, we investigated whether the HVRs could be used for genetic modification of hexon by incorporating oligonucleotides encoding six histidine residues (His6) into different HVRs in the Ad5 genome. The modified viruses were successfully rescued, and the yields of viral production were similar to that of unmodified Ad5. A thermostability assay suggested the modified viruses were stable. The His6 epitopes were expressed in all modified hexon proteins as assessed by Western blotting assay, although the intensity of the reactive bands varied. In addition, we examined the binding activity of anti-His tag antibody to the intact virions with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found the His6 epitopes incorporated in HVR2 and HVR5 could bind to anti-His tag antibody. This suggested the His6 epitopes in HVR2 and HVR5 were exposed on virion surfaces. Finally, we examined the infectivities of the modified Ad vectors. The His6 epitopes did not affect the native infectivity of Ad5 vectors. In addition, the His6 epitopes did not appear to mediate His6-dependent viral infection, as assessed in two His6 artificial receptor systems. Our study provided valuable information for studies involving hexon modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Wu
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tie Han
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Natalya Belousova
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Krasnykh
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elena Kashentseva
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Igor Dmitriev
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Manjula Kataram
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Parameshwar J. Mahasreshti
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294. Phone: (205) 934-8627. Fax: (205) 975-7476. E-mail:
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Bonsted A, Engesaeter BØ, Høgset A, Maelandsmo GM, Prasmickaite L, Kaalhus O, Berg K. Transgene expression is increased by photochemically mediated transduction of polycation-complexed adenoviruses. Gene Ther 2004; 11:152-60. [PMID: 14712299 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poor efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer to target cells is a major limitation to adenoviral gene therapy. Inefficient gene transfer occurs in the absence of coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the cell surface, and can be overcome by enhancing viral entry with cationic molecules. Recombinant adenovirus (Ad) noncovalently complexed with polycations imply a lack of transduction specificity. Therefore, we have investigated the potential of a novel light-specific treatment, named photochemical internalization (PCI), to enhance gene delivery of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) complexed with the cationic agents poly-L-lysine (PLL) and SuperFect trade mark. Cell lines differing in their receptiveness to Ad5 were infected with amounts of virus transducing about 2% of the cells by conventional Ad infection. The combination of polycations and photochemical treatment enabled a substantial increase in reporter gene expression, resulting in up to 75% positive cells. The effect was most prominent in cell lines expressing moderate to low levels of CAR. Furthermore, we show that PCI enables proper gene delivery of fiberless Ad5 at viral concentrations and infection times where transduction of photochemically untreated cells was negligible, both in the absence and presence of PLL. Thus, we conclude that the photochemically induced transduction by adenoviral vectors complexed with polycations present an opportunity to obtain high cell-infectivity levels with low viral doses, also without the fiber-CAR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonsted
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Norway
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Lee EM, Hong SH, Lee YJ, Kang YH, Choi KC, Choi SH, Kim IH, Lim SJ. Liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer in cancer cells expressing various levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 130:169-77. [PMID: 14677059 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-003-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is frequently observed in malignant cancer, hampering adenoviral gene therapy approaches. Complexing adenovirus with cationic liposomes can increase adenoviral transgene expression, particularly in cells with CAR-deficiency. We investigated whether other factors such as lipid composition might be involved in determining the efficiency of liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer in cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human cancer cell lines with different expression levels of CAR were infected with a GFP transgene. The efficiency of transgene expression was assessed by determining GFP expression using FACS analysis. RESULTS The efficiency of liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer was dependent on the lipid composition constituting liposomes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing liposomes were most effective in increasing liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer. In CAR-deficient cells, use of PEG-containing liposomes enhanced adenoviral gene transfer, whereas in CAR-expressing cells enhancement varied depending on cell type. In some CAR-expressing cells, the effect of liposome complexing was even comparable to that in CAR-deficient cells. Increased adenoviral transgene expression following complexing with PEG-containing liposomes correlated with liposome uptake in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer appears to depend on lipid composition and the level of liposome uptake by cancer cells, in addition to CAR levels. Our study suggest that these multiple factors should be considered in designing liposome-complexed adenoviral vectors to improve outcomes of current adenoviral cancer gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu-Dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Rux JJ, Kuser PR, Burnett RM. Structural and phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus hexons by use of high-resolution x-ray crystallographic, molecular modeling, and sequence-based methods. J Virol 2003; 77:9553-66. [PMID: 12915569 PMCID: PMC187380 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.17.9553-9566.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major impediment to the use of adenovirus as a gene therapy vector and for vaccine applications is the host immune response to adenovirus hexon-the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid. A solution may lie in novel vectors with modified or chimeric hexons designed to evade the immune response. To facilitate this approach, we have distinguished the portion of hexon that all serotypes have in common from the hypervariable regions that are responsible for capsid diversity and type-specific immunogenicity. The common hexon core-conserved because it forms the viral capsid-sets boundaries to the regions where modifications can be made to produce nonnative hexons. The core has been defined from the large and diverse set of known hexon sequences by an accurate alignment based on the newly refined crystal structures of human adenovirus types 2 (Ad2) and Ad5 hexon. Comparison of the two hexon models, which are the most accurate so far, reveals that over 90% of the residues in each have three-dimensional positions that closely match. Structures for more distant hexons were predicted by building molecular models of human Ad4, chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC68), and fowl adenovirus 1 (FAV1 or CELO). The five structures were then used to guide the alignment of the 40 full-length (>900 residues) hexon sequences in public databases. Distance- and parsimony-based phylogenetic trees are consistent and reveal evolutionary relationships between adenovirus types that parallel those of their animal hosts. The combination of crystallography, molecular modeling, and phylogenetic analysis defines a conserved molecular core that can serve as the armature for the directed design of novel hexons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Rux
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Mbawuike IN, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Song L. Cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human HLA-restricted RSV-specific CD8+ CTL+. J Clin Immunol 2002; 22:164-75. [PMID: 12078858 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015424130339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Generation of human CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in vitro is inefficient. Lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of DNA in cells, was evaluated for enhancing RSV CTL activity. Stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human PBL with RSV with or without Lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. After 8 days of incubation, CTL lysis of autologous target cells infected with RSV (also treated with Lipofectamine) was determined in a 4-hr 5'chromium release assay. Lipofectamine treatment significantly enhanced HLA-restricted RSV-specific CD8+ CTL activity (up to sevenfold, P < 0.05-0.001). Lipofectamine treatment also enhanced cell surface RSV antigen expression and increased the frequencies of HLA-A,B,C+/RSV+ and HLA-DR+/RSV+ leukocytes as demonstrated by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate the usefulness of cationic liposomes in augmenting cell surface antigen expression and increasing the efficiency of generation of human RSV-specific CD8+ CTL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent N Mbawuike
- Influenza Research Center, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Okada Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S, Mizuguchi H, Takahashi K, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Yamamoto A, Hayakawa T, Mayumi T. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-gene therapy for an established murine melanoma using RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) fiber-mutant adenovirus vectors. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:436-44. [PMID: 11985794 PMCID: PMC5927019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adenovirus vectors (Ad) provide high-level transduction efficacy to many cell types, extremely high doses of Ad are required for sufficient gene transduction into several tumors, including melanoma. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, a primitive Ad-receptor, was very low in murine and human melanoma cells. We also found that fiber-mutant Ad containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the fiber knob remarkably augmented gene transduction efficacy in melanoma cells by targeting alpha(v)-integrins. In addition, intratumoral injection of RGD fiber-mutant Ad containing the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (Ad-RGD-TNFalpha) revealed dramatic anti-tumor efficacy through hemolytic necrosis in an established murine B16 BL6 melanoma model. Ad-RGD-TNFalpha required one-tenth the dosage of Ad-TNFalpha to induce an equal therapeutic effect. These results suggest that alpha(v)-integrin-targeted Ad will be a very powerful tool for the advancement of melanoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Okada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
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