1
|
Guo X, Zheng H, Luo W, Zhang Q, Liu J, Yao K. 5T4-specific chimeric antigen receptor modification promotes the immune efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells against nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cell-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4859. [PMID: 28687750 PMCID: PMC5501797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are presumably attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified immune effector cells have been shown to have impressive antitumour efficacy. In this study, we aimed to identify appropriate tumour-associated antigens predominantly expressed on NPC stem cells (NPCSCs) and determine their suitability for CAR-engineered cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy against NPC. By investigating the expression patterns of potential target antigens (ROR1, 5T4 and CAIX) in NPC, we found that the oncofetal antigen 5T4 was predominately expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues but absent in non-cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues. Moreover, significantly enhanced expression of 5T4 in NPC spheroids revealed its relationship with putative NPCSCs. Hence, we designed a CAR construct (5T4-28Z) specific for 5T4 and generated CAR-transduced CIK cells. Our results showed that the artificial CAR was efficiently expressed on the surface of CIK cells and that no native phenotypes were altered by the gene transduction. Functional assays revealed that 5T4-28Z-CIK cells possessed both CAR-mediated and CAR-independent anti-NPC activity and were capable of efficiently attacking NPC cells, especially NPCSC-like cells in vitro, suggesting that they might serve as an attractive tool for developing efficient therapies against NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitai Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Gu C, Ren Y, Dai Y, Zhu X, Xu J, Li Y, Qiu Z, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Guan X, Feng Z. The efficacy of NP11-4-derived immunotoxin scFv-artesunate in reducing hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum in mice. J Biomed Res 2011; 25:148-54. [PMID: 23554683 PMCID: PMC3596707 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in China, and hepatic fibrosis caused by schistosome infection is the principal cause of death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NP11-4-derived immunotoxin scFv-artesunate on Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was generated from the murine anti-Schistosoma japonicum (S. japanicum) monoclonal antibody NP11-4. The scFv was expressed as a soluble protein and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. After conjugation with artesunate, the binding ability with soluble egg antigens (SEA) was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The biological activity of purified scFv, scFv-artesunate (immunotoxin), and artesunate was detected in vivo. Image-Pro Plus software was used to analyze the size of egg granuloma and the extent of liver fibrosis. The recombinant scFv expession vector was constructed and expressed successfully. After purification by a His-trap Ni-affinity column, the scFv yield was approximately 0.8 mg/L of culture medium. ELISA results showed that chemical conjugation did not affect the binding activity of the immunotoxin. Our animal experiments indicated that the immunotoxin could significantly reduce the size of egg granuloma in the liver and inhibit hepatic fibrosis. The immunotoxin could be used as a promising candidate in the targeted therapy of S. japonicum-induced hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yongya Ren
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhenning Qiu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yinchang Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Key Labortary of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Pathology Department, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoon SH, Lee JM, Cho HI, Kim EK, Kim HS, Park MY, Kim TG. Adoptive immunotherapy using human peripheral blood lymphocytes transferred with RNA encoding Her-2/neu-specific chimeric immune receptor in ovarian cancer xenograft model. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 16:489-97. [PMID: 19096447 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current gene transfer technology for single chain (scFv)-based chimeric immune receptor (CIR) has relied on retrovirus and lentivirus vectors which require a long time to obtain sufficient number of transduced cells and stably incorporate into genome. To ameliorate these limitations, we applied RNA electroporation to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) activated with anti-CD3 antibody and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 3 days and assessed that PBL transiently expressing anti-Her-2/neu CIR (CIR-PBL) containing signaling portion of CD28 and CD3zeta could elicit strong cytotoxicity in vitro and antitumor responses in vivo. The CIR-PBL expressed high level of CIR in CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells. Her-2/neu-specific stimulation induced secretion of type-I cytokines including interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IFN-gamma secretion was mainly mediated by CD8+ T cells. CIR-PBL specifically killed SKOV3 cell line expressing Her-2/neu. Adoptive transfer of CIR-PBL in SKOV3 xenograft model led to significant inhibition of tumor growth compared with transfer of mock-transduced PBL and showed higher inhibition than those with Herceptin, humanized monoclonal antibody specific for Her-2/neu. These results provided evidence that electroporation of CIR RNA to human PBLs could be used for rapid generation and high number of therapeutic antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang HR, Gilham DE, Mulryan K, Kirillova N, Hawkins RE, Stern PL. Combination of vaccination and chimeric receptor expressing T cells provides improved active therapy of tumors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:4288-98. [PMID: 16982863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.7.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have generated murine T cells expressing chimeric immune receptors (CR) against human 5T4 oncofetal Ag (h5T4) and evaluated their tumor therapeutic efficacy alone and in combination with immunization using a replication-defective adenovirus encoding h5T4 (Rad.h5T4) and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). The h5T4-specific engineered T cells demonstrated Ag-specific, non-MHC-restricted cytolysis of h5T4-positive B16 and CT26 tumor cells in vitro by cytotoxicity assay and antitumor activity in vivo using a Winn assay. In the s.c. injected B16h5T4 melanoma model, early local but not systemic i.v. administration of syngeneic h5T4-specific CR T cells significantly increased mice survival. This improvement was further enhanced when combined with immunization with Rad.h5T4, followed by post-CR T cell treatment with BMDC in the active therapy model, possibly through mechanisms of enhancing Ag-specific cellular immune responses. This synergistic effect was lost without delivery of the BMDC. Our findings suggest that combining engineered T cells with specific vaccination strategies can improve the active tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Rong Jiang
- Cancer Research U.K. Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester and Christie Hospital National Health Service Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Harrop R, Ryan MG, Myers KA, Redchenko I, Kingsman SM, Carroll MW. Active treatment of murine tumors with a highly attenuated vaccinia virus expressing the tumor associated antigen 5T4 (TroVax) is CD4+ T cell dependent and antibody mediated. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1081-90. [PMID: 16311730 PMCID: PMC11030762 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
5T4 is a tumor associated antigen that is expressed on the surface of a wide spectrum of human adenocarcinomas. The highly attenuated virus, modified vaccinia Ankara, has been engineered to express human 5T4 (h5T4). In a pre-clinical murine model, the recombinant virus (TroVax) induces protection against challenge with CT26-h5T4 (a syngeneic tumor line expressing h5T4). Anti-tumor activity is long lived, with protection still evident 6 months after the final vaccination. In a therapeutic setting, injection of mice with TroVax results in a reduction in tumor burden of >90%. Depletion of CD8+ T cells has no effect upon therapy in the active treatment model, whereas depletion of CD4+ T cells completely abrogates anti-tumor activity. In a prophylactic setting, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after the induction of a h5T4 immune response has no deleterious effect on protection following challenge with CT26-h5T4. In light of these studies, the role of antibodies in protection against tumor challenge was investigated. 5T4 specific polyclonal serum decreased tumor burden by approximately 70%. Thus, we conclude that CD4+ T cells are essential for the induction of a protective immune response and that antibodies are the likely effector moiety in this xenogeneic murine tumor model.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Active
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harrop
- Oxford BioMedica (UK) Ltd, The Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, OX4 4GA, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harrop R, Connolly N, Redchenko I, Valle J, Saunders M, Ryan MG, Myers KA, Drury N, Kingsman SM, Hawkins RE, Carroll MW. Vaccination of colorectal cancer patients with modified vaccinia Ankara delivering the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax) induces immune responses which correlate with disease control: a phase I/II trial. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3416-24. [PMID: 16740766 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), encoding the tumor antigen 5T4 (termed TroVax), has been evaluated in an open-label phase I/II study in colorectal cancer patients. The primary objectives were to assess the safety and immunogenicity of ascending doses of TroVax and to determine the biodistribution of the vector. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TroVax was given to 22 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Seventeen patients received doses of TroVax ranging from 5 x 10(7) up to 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units at 0, 4, and 8 weeks and were considered to be evaluable for assessment of immunologic responses. Both antibody and cellular responses specific for the tumor antigen 5T4 and the viral vector were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS TroVax was well tolerated in all patients with no serious adverse events attributed to vaccination. Of 17 evaluable patients, 16 showed 5T4-specific cellular responses whereas 14 had detectable antibody levels following vaccination. TroVax was able to boost 5T4-specific immune responses in the presence of MVA neutralizing antibodies. Periods of disease stabilization ranging from 3 to 18 months were observed in five patients, all of whom mounted 5T4-specific immune responses. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed a positive association between the development of a 5T4 (but not MVA) antibody response and patient survival or time to disease progression. CONCLUSION These data indicate that vaccination with TroVax is safe and well tolerated and that immune responses to 5T4 can be induced without any evidence of autoimmune toxicity. Furthermore, 5T4-specific antibody responses correlate with evidence of disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harrop
- Oxford BioMedica (UK) Ltd., The Medawar Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smyth LJC, Elkord E, Taher TEI, Jiang HR, Burt DJ, Clayton A, van Veelen PA, de Ru A, Ossendorp F, Melief CJM, Drijfhout JW, Dermime S, Hawkins RE, Stern PL. Cd8 T-cell recognition of human 5T4 oncofetal antigen. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:1638-47. [PMID: 16646078 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The 5T4 oncofetal antigen is expressed by a wide variety of human carcinomas, including colorectal, ovarian and gastric carcinomas. The restricted expression of 5T4 on tumor tissues as well as its implication in tumor progression and bad prognosis makes 5T4 a promising new candidate for immunotherapy. An MVA vaccine encoding 5T4 antigen has been successfully evaluated in preclinical studies in a murine tumor model. Here, we report the generation of human CD8 T cells specific for the 5T4 antigen by stimulation with autologous monocyte derived DC infected with a replication defective adenovirus encoding the 5T4 cDNA (Ad5T4). Analysis of several donors confirms a repertoire of such CD8 responses. In a parallel approach, incorporating the results of proteasome-mediated digestion of 5T4 derived 35-mer peptides and the potential high affinity epitopes predicted by a computer-based algorithm, we identified 8 putative HLA-A*0201-presented CD8 MHC class I epitopes of 5T4 antigen. Two of these generated specific CD8 T cells after restimulation with peptide loaded autologous DC and assay by cytotoxicity and IFN gamma ELISPOT. Moreover these particular peptide generated T cells recognized naturally 5T4 positive tumor cells only if they expressed HLA-A*0201 as judged by IFN gamma ELISPOT or ELISA. Also, HLA-A*0201 CD8 T cells recognized these peptides in a DC-Ad5T4 polyclonal response. In conclusion, there is a repertoire of CD8 T cell recognition of 5T4 in normal human donors and some candidate HLA-A*0201 epitopes have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J C Smyth
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barrow KM, Ward CM, Rutter J, Ali S, Stern PL. Embryonic expression of murine 5T4 oncofoetal antigen is associated with morphogenetic events at implantation and in developing epithelia. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:1535-45. [PMID: 15977177 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of 5T4 oncofoetal antigen, an early marker of ES cell differentiation, in vitro increases cellular motility and decreases adhesion, properties relevant to development and cancer. Embryonic expression of m5T4 antigen is first detected on trophectoderm at implantation and is restricted to extra-embryonic tissues to embryonic day (E) 11.5. In the embryo, significant m5T4 expression is detected at E12.5 in hindbrain roofplate and in various epithelia derived from all germ layers. In keratin 14-expressing epithelia, there is a congruent 5T4 expression pattern with many of these cells being Ki-67 positive. In brain, expression is observed in roofplate, ependymal layers, choroid plexus, and subventricular zones of lateral ventricles at E14.5. By E17.5, expression is decreased in the subventricular zone with further restriction to choroid plexus in adult brain. Our data demonstrate a limited 5T4 expression profile during embryogenesis associated with actively cycling, undifferentiated epithelial progenitor cells that may contribute to their migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Barrow
- CR UK Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu M, Gong XG, Yu H, Li JY. Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of LC-1 ScFv with GFP tag. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2005; 6:832-7. [PMID: 16052719 PMCID: PMC1389867 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2005.b0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Total RNA was isolated from the hybridoma cell line (LC-1), which secretes anti-lung adenocarcinoma monoclonal antibody, and was transferred into cDNA. Based on the FR1 (framework region 1) and FR4 conserved regions of LC-1 gene, the variable regions of heavy chain (Vh) and light chain (Vl) were amplified, and the Vh and modified Vl were connected to single chain Fv (ScFv) by SOE-PCR (splice overlap extension PCR). The modified ScFv was fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and introduced into E. coli JM109. The fusion protein induced by IPTG (Isopropylthiogalactoside) was about 57000 on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel (10% Sds Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis), and primarily manifested as inclusion bodies. The renatured protein purified by Ni-NTA Superflow resins showed ability to bind to antigen on SPC-A-1 lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, the induced host cells fluoresced bright green under 395 nm wavelength, which indicated that the expected protein with dual activity was expressed in the prokaryotic system. The ScFv with GFP tag used in this research can be applied as a new reagent to detect immunological dye, and provide a feasible way to detect adenocarcinoma in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Institute of Biologic Macromolecule and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lamikanra A, Myers KA, Ferris N, Mitrophanous KA, Carroll MW. In vivo evaluation of an EIAV vector for the systemic genetic delivery of therapeutic antibodies. Gene Ther 2005; 12:988-98. [PMID: 15772687 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral-based vectors hold great promise as gene delivery vehicles for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. We have previously reported the development of a nonprimate lentiviral vector system based on the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV), which is able to efficiently transduce dividing and nondividing cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report on the application of EIAV vectors for the systemic delivery of an antibody fusion protein designed for the treatment of cancer. The therapeutic potential of a single chain antibody against the tumour-associated antigen, 5T4, fused to immune enhancer moieties has been demonstrated in vitro and here we evaluate the genetic delivery of a 5T4 scFv fused to B7.1 (scFvB7) using an EIAV vector. The kinetics and concentration of protein produced following both intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration was determined in immune competent adult mice. In addition, the immune response to the EIAV vector and the transgene were determined. Here, we show that a single injection of EIAV expressing scFv-B7 can give rise to concentrations of protein in the range of 1-5 microg/ml that persist in the sera for more than 50 days. After a second injection, concentrations of scFv-B7.1 rose as high as 20 microg/ml and levels greater than 2 microg/ml were present in the sera of all mice injected i.v. after 210 days despite the detection of antibodies against both the transgene and viral envelope for the duration of this study. These results demonstrate the potential of EIAV as a gene therapy vector for long-term production of therapeutic recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lamikanra
- Oxford BioMedica, Medawar Building, Robert Robinson Avenue, Oxford Science Park, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sandee D, Tungpradabkul S, Kurokawa Y, Fukui K, Takagi M. Combination of Dsb coexpression and an addition of sorbitol markedly enhanced soluble expression of single-chain Fv inEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:418-24. [PMID: 15937881 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic proteins have been produced successfully in Escherichia coli. However, not every gene can be expressed efficiently in this organism. Most proteins, especially those with multiple disulfide bonds, have been shown to form insoluble protein or inclusion body in E. coli. An inactive form of protein would require an in vitro refolding step to regain biological functions. In this study, we described the system for soluble expression of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep27scFv) by coexpressing Dsb protein and enhancing with medium additives. The results revealed that overexpression of DsbABCD protein showed marked effect on the soluble production of Hep27scFv, presumably facilitating correct folding. The optimal condition for soluble scFv expression could be obtained by adding 0.5M sorbitol to the culture medium. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that soluble scFv expressed by our method retains binding activity toward the same epitope on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HCC-S102) recognized by intact antibody (Ab) (Hep27 Mab). Here, we report an effective method for soluble expression of scFv in E. coli by the Dsb coexpression system with the addition of sorbitol medium additive. This method might be applicable for high-yield soluble expression of proteins with multiple disulfide bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duanpen Sandee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate school of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rich RL, Myszka DG. A survey of the year 2002 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2004; 16:351-82. [PMID: 14732928 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have compiled 819 articles published in the year 2002 that involved commercial optical biosensor technology. The literature demonstrates that the technology's application continues to increase as biosensors are contributing to diverse scientific fields and are used to examine interactions ranging in size from small molecules to whole cells. Also, the variety of available commercial biosensor platforms is increasing and the expertise of users is improving. In this review, we use the literature to focus on the basic types of biosensor experiments, including kinetics, equilibrium analysis, solution competition, active concentration determination and screening. In addition, using examples of particularly well-performed analyses, we illustrate the high information content available in the primary response data and emphasize the impact of including figures in publications to support the results of biosensor analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen TH, Loux N, Dagher I, Vons C, Carey K, Briand P, Hadchouel M, Franco D, Jouanneau J, Schwall R, Weber A. Improved gene transfer selectivity to hepatocarcinoma cells by retrovirus vector displaying single-chain variable fragment antibody against c-Met. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 10:840-9. [PMID: 14605670 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Engineered retroviruses are widely used vectors for cancer gene therapy approaches. However, the ability to target cells of therapeutic interest while controlling the expression of the transferred genes would improve both the efficiency and the safety of viral vectors. In this study, we investigated the ability of a retroviral amphotropic envelope displaying single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) directed against the c-Met receptor, to target the entry of recombinant retroviruses to human hepatocarcinoma cells. Four single-chain antibody fragments directed against the c-Met receptor were generated and inserted into the viral envelope protein as an N-terminal fusion. The modified envelopes were incorporated into virus particles and one of the chimeric viruses, 3D6-Env, transduced preferentially human hepatoma cells rather than proliferating human hepatocytes. In another construct, the urokinase cleavage site was inserted between the scFv moiety and the envelope. Chimeric scFv-urokinase-Env viruses transduced hepatoma cells with a similar efficiency to that of the control virus and their infectivity in human hepatocytes remained low. These results indicate that amphotropic retroviruses with engineered envelopes to display scFv directed against the c-Met receptor can efficiently and selectively deliver genes into hepatoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Huy Nguyen
- INSERM EMI 00-20, Hôpital A. Béclère, 157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|