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Liu F, Chen J, Li K, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhai Y, Lu B, Fan Y, Liu Z, Chen X, Jia X, Dong Z, Liu K. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in cancer: from mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:148. [PMID: 39048965 PMCID: PMC11270804 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, a pivotal posttranslational modification of proteins, plays a fundamental role in regulating protein stability. The dysregulation of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes is a common feature in various cancers, underscoring the imperative to investigate ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) for insights into oncogenic processes and the development of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in all hallmarks of cancer and progress in drug discovery. We delve into the multiple functions of the UPS in oncology, including its regulation of multiple cancer-associated pathways, its role in metabolic reprogramming, its engagement with tumor immune responses, its function in phenotypic plasticity and polymorphic microbiomes, and other essential cellular functions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of novel anticancer strategies that leverage the UPS, including the development and application of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, School of Third Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haochen Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of First Clinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yubo Zhai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bingbing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanle Fan
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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2
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Oikawa K, Kuroda M, Ehata S. Suppression of antitumor cytokine IL‑24 by PRG4 and PAI‑1 may promote myxoid liposarcoma cell survival. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:60. [PMID: 37614985 PMCID: PMC10442737 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the antitumor cytokine interleukin-24 (IL-24) is critical for the survival of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) cells. It has been previously demonstrated by the authors that an MLS-specific chimeric oncoprotein, translocated in liposarcoma-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (TLS-CHOP), supresses IL24 mRNA expression via induction of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) to sustain MLS cell proliferation. However, IL-24 has also been revealed to be suppressed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in human ovarian and lung cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of IL-24 suppression in MLS cells. The results revealed that the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, induced cell death in MLS cells in vitro; this effect was reduced following IL-24 knockdown. This indicated that proteasomal degradation of IL-24 may be an important process for MLS cell survival. In addition, it was also previously revealed by the authors that knockdown of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a TLS-CHOP downstream molecule, suppressed the growth of MLS cells, thus instigating the investigation of the effect of PAI-1 on IL-24 expression in MLS cells. Double knockdown of PAI-1 and IL-24 negated the growth-suppressive effect of PAI-1 single knockdown in MLS cells. Interestingly, PAI-1 single knockdown did not increase the mRNA expression of IL24, but it did increase the protein abundance of IL-24, indicating that PAI-1 suppressed IL-24 expression by promoting its proteasomal degradation. Moreover, treatment of MLS cells with a PAI-1 inhibitor, TM5275, induced IL-24 protein expression and apoptosis. Collectively, the results of the present as well as previous studies indicated that IL-24 expression may be suppressed at the transcriptional level by PRG4 and at the protein level by PAI-1 in MLS cells. Accordingly, PAI-1 may represent an effective therapeutic target for MLS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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3
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Zhang X, Meng T, Cui S, Liu D, Pang Q, Wang P. Roles of ubiquitination in the crosstalk between tumors and the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:84. [PMID: 35616129 PMCID: PMC9170352 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between a tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination, a crucial post-translational modification for regulating protein degradation and turnover, plays a role in regulating the crosstalk between a tumor and the TME. Thus, identifying the roles of ubiquitination in the process may assist researchers to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In the present review article, new insights into the substrates for ubiquitination that are involved in the regulation of hypoxic environments, angiogenesis, chronic inflammation-mediated tumor formation, and the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells (tumor-associated macrophages, T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) are summarized. In addition, the potential targets of the ubiquitination proteasome system within the TME for cancer therapy and their therapeutic effects are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Zhang
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti‑aging and Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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4
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Dai X, Zhang T, Hua D. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation: protein homeostasis control over cancer. Epigenomics 2021; 14:43-58. [PMID: 34875856 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are two essential components of the ubiquitination proteasome system playing fundamental roles in protein homeostasis maintenance and signal transduction, perturbation of which is associated with tumorigenesis. By comparing the mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation, assessing their crosstalk, reviewing their differential associations with cancer and identifying unaddressed yet important questions that may lead the field trend, this review sheds light on the similarities and differences of ubiquitination and SUMOylation toward the improved harnessing of both post-translational modification machineries, as well as forecasts novel onco-therapeutic opportunities through cell homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China
| | - Tongxin Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China
| | - Dong Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China.,Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Interleukin (IL)-24: Reconfiguring the Tumor Microenvironment for Eliciting Antitumor Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:99-110. [PMID: 33559858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Due to its unique ability to function as both a tumor suppressor and cytokine, IL-24-based cancer therapy has been developed for treating a broad spectrum of human cancers. Majority of the studies reported to date have focused on establishing IL-24 as a cancer therapeutic by primarily focusing on tumor cell killing. However, the ability of IL-24 treatment on modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune response is underinvestigated. In this article, we summarize the biological and functional properties of IL-24 and the benefits of applying IL-24-based therapy for cancer.
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Pradhan AK, Bhoopathi P, Talukdar S, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Ivanov AI, Fisher PB. Mechanism of internalization of MDA-7/IL-24 protein and its cognate receptors following ligand-receptor docking. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5103-5117. [PMID: 31489119 PMCID: PMC6707942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7/IL-24) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, with ubiquitous direct and "bystander" tumor-selective killing properties. MDA-7/IL-24 protein binds distinct type II cytokine heterodimeric receptor complexes, IL-20R1/IL-20R2, IL-22R1/IL-20R1 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2. Recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces endogenous mda-7/IL-24 expression in a receptor-dependent manner; since A549 cells that lack a complete set of cognate receptors are not responsive to exogenous protein. The mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 ligand-receptor biology is not well understood. We explored the interaction of MDA-7/IL-24 with its' receptors and the consequences of ligand-receptor docking. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we demonstrate that MDA-7/IL-24 internalization employs the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway leading to degradation of receptors via the lysosomal/ubiquitin proteosomal pathway. This clathrin-mediated endocytosis is dynamin-dependent. This study resolves a novel mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 protein "bystander" function, which involves receptor/protein-mediated internalization and receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K. Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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7
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Emdad L, Bhoopathi P, Talukdar S, Pradhan AK, Sarkar D, Wang XY, Das SK, Fisher PB. Recent insights into apoptosis and toxic autophagy: The roles of MDA-7/IL-24, a multidimensional anti-cancer therapeutic. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:140-154. [PMID: 31356866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy play seminal roles in maintaining organ homeostasis. Apoptosis represents canonical type I programmed cell death. Autophagy is viewed as pro-survival, however, excessive autophagy can promote type II cell death. Defective regulation of these two obligatory cellular pathways is linked to various diseases, including cancer. Biologic or chemotherapeutic agents, which can reprogram cancer cells to undergo apoptosis- or toxic autophagy-mediated cell death, are considered effective tools for treating cancer. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) selectively promotes these effects in cancer cells. mda-7 was identified more than two decades ago by subtraction hybridization showing elevated expression during induction of terminal differentiation of metastatic melanoma cells following treatment with recombinant fibroblast interferon and mezerein (a PKC activating agent). MDA-7 was classified as a member of the IL-10 gene family based on its chromosomal location, and the presence of an IL-10 signature motif and a secretory sequence, and re-named interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24). Multiple studies have established MDA-7/IL-24 as a potent anti-cancer agent, which when administered at supra-physiological levels induces growth arrest and cell death through apoptosis and toxic autophagy in a wide variety of tumor cell types, but not in corresponding normal/non-transformed cells. Furthermore, in a phase I/II clinical trial, MDA-7/IL-24 administered by means of a non-replicating adenovirus was well tolerated and displayed significant clinical activity in patients with multiple advanced cancers. This review examines our current comprehension of the role of MDA-7/IL-24 in mediating cancer-specific cell death via apoptosis and toxic autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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8
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Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in the chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Emdad L, Das SK, Wang XY, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Cancer terminator viruses (CTV): A better solution for viral-based therapy of cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5684-5695. [PMID: 29278667 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In principle, viral gene therapy holds significant potential for the therapy of solid cancers. However, this promise has not been fully realized and systemic administration of viruses has not proven as successful as envisioned in the clinical arena. Our research is focused on developing the next generation of efficacious viruses to specifically treat both primary cancers and a major cause of cancer lethality, metastatic tumors (that have spread from a primary site of origin to other areas in the body and are responsible for an estimated 90% of cancer deaths). We have generated a chimeric tropism-modified type 5 and 3 adenovirus that selectively replicates in cancer cells and simultaneously produces a secreted anti-cancer toxic cytokine, melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/Interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), referred to as a Cancer Terminator Virus (CTV) (Ad.5/3-CTV). In preclinical animal models, injection into a primary tumor causes selective cell death and therapeutic activity is also observed in non-injected distant tumors, that is, "bystander anti-tumor activity." To enhance the impact and therapeutic utility of the CTV, we have pioneered an elegant approach in which viruses are encapsulated in microbubbles allowing "stealth delivery" to tumor cells that when treated with focused ultrasound causes viral release killing tumor cells through viral replication, and producing and secreting MDA-7/IL-24, which stimulates the immune system to attack distant cancers, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and directly promotes apoptosis in distant cancer cells. This strategy is called UTMD (ultrasound-targeted microbubble-destruction). This novel CTV and UTMD approach hold significant promise for the effective therapy of primary and disseminated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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10
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Identification of noncovalent proteasome inhibitors with high selectivity for chymotrypsin-like activity by a multistep structure-based virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:578-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Panneerselvam J, Shanker M, Jin J, Branch CD, Muralidharan R, Zhao YD, Chada S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Phosphorylation of interleukin (IL)-24 is required for mediating its anti-cancer activity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16271-86. [PMID: 26009991 PMCID: PMC4599269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-24 is a tumor suppressor/cytokine gene that undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs). Glycosylation and ubiquitination are important for IL-24 protein stabilization and degradation respectively. Little is known about IL-24 protein phosphorylation and its role in IL-24-mediated anti-tumor activities. In this study we conducted molecular studies to determine whether IL-24 phosphorylation is important for IL-24-mediated anti-cancer activity. Human H1299 lung tumor cell line that was stably transfected with a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible (Tet-on) plasmid vector carrying the cDNA of IL-24-wild-type (IL-24wt) or IL-24 with all five phosphorylation sites replaced (IL-24mt) was used in the present study. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion, and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed in DOX-induced IL-24wt-expressing cells but not in IL-24mt-expressing cells. Secretion of IL-24mt protein was greatly reduced compared to IL-24wt protein. Further, IL-24wt and IL-24mt proteins markedly differed in their subcellular organelle localization. IL-24wt but not IL-24mt inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. SiRNA-mediated AKT knockdown and overexpression of myristolyated AKT protein confirmed that IL-24wt but not IL-24mt mediated its anti-cancer activity by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that IL-24 phosphorylation is required for inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and exerting its anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Panneerselvam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Manish Shanker
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Dental School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia D Branch
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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12
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Molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by interleukin (IL)-24 in mediating its antitumor activities. J Mol Signal 2013; 8:15. [PMID: 24377906 PMCID: PMC3879428 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health issue in the world and the effectiveness of current therapies is limited resulting in disease recurrence and resistance to therapy. Therefore to overcome disease recurrence and have improved treatment efficacy there is a continued effort to develop and test new anticancer drugs that are natural or synthetic - (conventional chemotherapeutics, small molecule inhibitors) and biologic (antibody, tumor suppressor genes, oligonucleotide) product. In parallel, efforts for identifying molecular targets and signaling pathways to which cancer cells are "addicted" are underway. By inhibiting critical signaling pathways that is crucial for cancer cell survival, it is expected that the cancer cells will undergo a withdrawal symptom akin to "de-addiction" resulting in cell death. Thus, the key for having an improved and greater control on tumor growth and metastasis is to develop a therapeutic that is able to kill tumor cells efficiently by modulating critical signaling pathways on which cancer cells rely for their survival.Currently several small molecule inhibitors targeted towards unique molecular signaling pathways have been developed and tested in the clinic. Few of these inhibitors have shown efficacy while others have failed. Thus, targeting a single molecule or pathway may be insufficient to completely block cancer cell proliferation and survival. It is therefore important to identify and test an anticancer drug that can inhibit multiple signaling pathways in a cancer cell, control growth of both primary and metastatic tumors and is safe.One biologic agent that has the characteristics of serving as a potent anticancer drug is interleukin (IL)-24. IL-24 suppresses multiple signaling pathways in a broad-spectrum of human cancer cells leading to tumor cell death, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Additionally, combining IL-24 with other therapies demonstrated additive to synergistic antitumor activity. Clinical testing of IL-24 as a gene-based therapeutic for the treatment of solid tumors demonstrated that IL-24 is efficacious and is safe. The unique features of IL-24 support its further development as an anticancer drug for cancer treatment.In this review we summarize the current understanding on the molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by IL-24 in mediating its anticancer activity.
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13
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Zhang Z, Kawamura K, Jiang Y, Shingyoji M, Ma G, Li Q, Hu J, Qi Y, Liu H, Zhang F, Kang S, Shan B, Wang S, Chada S, Tagawa M. Heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors synergistically enhance melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7-mediated cell killing of human pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:663-70. [PMID: 24263157 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the intractable diseases and an effective therapeutic strategy is required to improve the prognosis. We examined possible antitumor effects of adenoviruses expressing melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (Ad-mda-7) and a heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor to human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Ad-mda-7 and an Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), produced cytotoxic effects, and a combinatory use of Ad-mda-7 and GA further achieved synergistic effects. Administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species, eliminated Ad-mda-7- and GA-mediated cytotoxicity. Ad-mda-7 augmented phosphorylated AKT levels but GA did not influence the phosphorylation. GA-treated cells showed cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase but not caspase-3, and upregulated Hsp70 and LC3A/B II levels, whereas Ad-mda-7-treated cells did not. GA treatments augmented ubiquitination and markedly increased melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7) expression levels. These findings suggest that Ad-mda-7-mediated cytotoxicity is dependent on reactive oxygen species but independent of apoptosis or autophagy, and that GA-mediated cytotoxicity was linked with caspase-independent apoptosis and/or autophagy. A mechanism underlying the combinatory effects of Ad-mda-7 and GA remained complex and the synergism is attributable to multiple factors including increased MDA-7 protein stability by GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- 1] Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - K Kawamura
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Jiang
- 1] Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Shingyoji
- Department of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - G Ma
- 1] Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Q Li
- 1] Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [3] Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China [4] Cell Therapy Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Hu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H Liu
- Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - F Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - B Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S Chada
- SVP Translational Medicine, Intrexon Corporation, Germantown, MD, USA
| | - M Tagawa
- 1] Division of Pathology and Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan [2] Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Yin F, Liu X, Li D, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li L. Tumor suppressor genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2013; 30:3-10. [PMID: 23660957 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological cancer and a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The main limitation to a successful treatment for ovarian cancer is the development of drug resistance to combined chemotherapy. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are wild-type alleles of genes which play regulatory roles in diverse cellular activities, and whose loss of function contributes to the development of cancer. It has been demonstrated that TSGs contribute to drug resistance in several types of solid tumors. However, an overview of the contribution of TSGs to drug resistance in ovarian cancer has not previously been reported. In this study, 15 TSGs responding to drug resistance in ovarian cancer were reviewed to determine the relationship of TSGs with ovarian cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, gene/protein-interaction and bio-association analysis were performed to demonstrate the associations of these TSGs and to mine the potential drug resistance-related genes in ovarian cancer. We observed that the 15 TSGs had close interactions with each other, suggesting that they may contribute to drug resistance in ovarian cancer as a group. Five pathways/processes consisting of DNA damage, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA binding and methylation may be the key ways with which TSGs participate in the regulation of drug resistance. In addition, ubiquitin C (UBC) and six additional TSGs including the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), death associated protein kinase gene (DAPK), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1), retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1), a gene encoding an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (PYCARD/ASC) and tumor protein 63 (TP63), which had close interactions with the 15 TSGs, are potential drug resistance-related genes in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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15
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Kim JS, Yu SK, Lee MH, Park MG, Park E, Kim SG, Lee SY, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Chun HS, Chun SW, Kim DK. MicroRNA-205 directly regulates the tumor suppressor, interleukin-24, in human KB oral cancer cells. Mol Cells 2013; 35:17-24. [PMID: 23212344 PMCID: PMC3887855 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a form of small noncoding RNA that regulates the expression of genes either by inhibiting mRNA translation or by inducing its degradation. Small microRNA play important roles in regulating a large number of cellular processes, including development, proliferation and apoptosis. This study examined the biological functions of miR-205 as a tumor suppressor in KB oral cancer cells. The results showed that miR-205 expression was significantly lower in KB oral cancer cells than in human normal oral keratinocytes. Furthermore, the miR-205 over-expressed in KB oral cancer cells increased the cell cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3/-7. The transfection of miR-205 into KB oral cancer cells strongly induced IL-24, a well known cytokine that acts as a tumor suppressor in a range of tumor tissues. In addition, miR-205 targeted the IL-24 promoter directly to induce gene expression. Overall, miR-205 has significant therapeutic potential to turn on silenced tumor suppressor genes by targeting them with miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Yu
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Min-Gyeong Park
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Euteum Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Heung-Joong Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Hong Sung Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Chun
- Department of Oral Physiology, College of Dentistry, Institute of Wonkwang Biomaterial and Implant, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749,
Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
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16
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Tian H, Li L, Zhang B, Di J, Chen F, Li H, Liu J, Pei D, Zheng J. Critical role of lysine 123 in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MDA-7/IL-24. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:575-82. [PMID: 23078624 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) uniquely takes on multiple anticancer functions, such as direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, immune stimulation, and antiangiogenic activities. MDA-7/IL-24 protein levels depend on proteasome degradation. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation analyses verified that the MDA-7/IL-24 protein was ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome in Hela cells, which was confirmed by protein accumulation treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132. MDA-7/IL-24 contains 10 lysine sites: K63, K69, K78, K119, K123, K136, K179, K189, K203, and K206. Site-directed mutagenesis in these sites reveals that lysine 123 is the major internal lysine involvement of MDA-7/IL-24 ubiquitination. Our results further demonstrated that the mutation of lysine 123 to arginine led to the inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated degradation and the recovery of MDA-7/IL-24 protein level. At the same time, the apoptosis-inducing activity of K123R mutant was obviously stronger than wild-type MDA-7/IL-24 detected by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) assay and annexin V analysis. In addition, K123R mutant tilted the balance between antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and proapoptotic protein Bax, which subsequently induced the cleavage of caspase signaling cascade and initiated cell apoptosis. Together, lysine 123 is mainly implicated in the ubiquitination and degradation of MDA-7/IL-24. Inhibition of degradation and ubiquitination of MDA-7/IL-24 through mutation of lysine 123 result in enhanced stability of MDA-7/IL-24 and exhibits persistent tumor suppression activity compared with the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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17
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Fuson KL, Zheng M, Craxton M, Pataer A, Ramesh R, Chada S, Sutton RB. Structural mapping of post-translational modifications in human interleukin-24: role of N-linked glycosylation and disulfide bonds in secretion and activity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30526-33. [PMID: 19734147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-24 (IL-24) is unique among the IL-10 superfamily as there is considerable evidence that it possesses multiple anti-cancer properties, including direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, helper T cell (TH1) immune stimulation, and anti-angiogenic activities. The primary sequence of human IL-24 differs from homologous cytokines, because it possesses three consensus N-linked glycosylation sites and the potential for a single disulfide bond. To address the significance of these modifications in human IL-24, we analyzed the relationship between post-translational modifications and the cytokine activity of the human IL-24 protein. In contrast to related interleukins, we identified a relationship between net glycosylation, protein solubility, and cytokine activity. In addition, abrogation of the two cysteine residues by mutagenesis dramatically altered the ability of IL-24 to secrete from host cells and resulted in the concomitant loss of IL-24 activity. We conclude that, unlike other IL-10 family members, human IL-24 must be glycosylated to maintain solubility and bioavailability. Further, a single, unique disulfide bond is required for secretion and activity. These structure-function relationships show that, although IL-24 is a member of the IL-19 subfamily of IL-10-like cytokines by sequence similarity, its surface properties and its distinctive disulfide arrangement make it unique. These observations could explain the novel biological activities measured of this cytokine. Understanding the structural basis of IL-24 activity will be important in the interpretation of the function of this cytokine and in the development of scale-up strategies for biophysical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Fuson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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18
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Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Amici M, Cuccioloni M, Angeletti M, Keller JN, Eleuteri AM. Natural polyphenols as proteasome modulators and their role as anti-cancer compounds. FEBS J 2008; 275:5512-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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