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Jiao K, Li X, Su S, Guo W, Guo Y, Guan Y, Hu Z, Shen Z, Luo D. Genetic control of compound leaf development in the mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 30729013 PMCID: PMC6355865 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that there are distinct regulatory processes controlling compound leaf development in different clades of legumes. Loss of function of the LEAFY (LFY) orthologs results in a reduction of leaf complexity to different degrees in inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) and non-IRLC species. To further understand the role of LFY orthologs and the molecular mechanism in compound leaf development in non-IRLC plants, we studied leaf development in unifoliate leaf (un) mutant, a classical mutant of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), which showed a complete conversion of compound leaves into simple leaves. Our analysis revealed that UN encoded the mungbean LFY ortholog (VrLFY) and played a significant role in leaf development. In situ RNA hybridization results showed that STM-like KNOXI genes were expressed in compound leaf primordia in mungbean. Furthermore, increased leaflet number in heptafoliate leaflets1 (hel1) mutants was demonstrated to depend on the function of VrLFY and KNOXI genes in mungbean. Our results suggested that HEL1 is a key factor coordinating distinct processes in the control of compound leaf development in mungbean and its related non-IRLC legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Jiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihao Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuxiu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yruela I. Plant development regulation: Overview and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 182:62-78. [PMID: 26056993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant development, as occur in other eukaryotes, is conducted through a complex network of hormones, transcription factors, enzymes and micro RNAs, among other cellular components. They control developmental processes such as embryo, apical root and shoot meristem, leaf, flower, or seed formation, among others. The research in these topics has been very active in last decades. Recently, an explosion of new data concerning regulation mechanisms as well as the response of these processes to environmental changes has emerged. Initially, most of investigations were carried out in the model eudicot Arabidopsis but currently data from other plant species are available in the literature, although they are still limited. The aim of this review is focused on summarize the main molecular actors involved in plant development regulation in diverse plant species. A special attention will be given to the major families of genes and proteins participating in these regulatory mechanisms. The information on the regulatory pathways where they participate will be briefly cited. Additionally, the importance of certain structural features of such proteins that confer ductility and flexibility to these mechanisms will also be reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputacióon y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Zhou C, Han L, Li G, Chai M, Fu C, Cheng X, Wen J, Tang Y, Wang ZY. STM/BP-Like KNOXI Is Uncoupled from ARP in the Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1464-1479. [PMID: 24781113 PMCID: PMC4036565 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Class I KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes are critical for the maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. The expression domain of KNOXI is regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1/ROUGHSHEATH2/PHANTASTICA (ARP) genes, which are associated with leaf morphology. In the inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) of Fabaceae, the orthologs of LEAFY (LFY) function in place of KNOXI to regulate compound leaf development. Here, we characterized loss-of-function mutants of ARP (PHAN) and SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM)- and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP)-like KNOXI in the model IRLC legume species Medicago truncatula. The function of ARP genes is species specific. The repression of STM/BP-like KNOXI genes in leaves is not mediated by PHAN, and no suppression of PHAN by STM/BP-like KNOXI genes was observed either, indicating that STM/BP-like KNOXI genes are uncoupled from PHAN in M. truncatula. Furthermore, comparative analyses of phenotypic output in response to ectopic expression of KNOXI and the M. truncatula LFY ortholog, SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), reveal that KNOXI and SGL1 regulate parallel pathways in leaf development. We propose that SGL1 probably functions in a stage-specific manner in the regulation of the indeterminate state of developing leaves in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanen Zhou
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Medical and Life Science, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Guifen Li
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Maofeng Chai
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
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Wang Z, Chen J, Weng L, Li X, Cao X, Hu X, Luo D, Yang J. Multiple components are integrated to determine leaf complexity in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:419-33. [PMID: 23331609 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors and phytohormones have been reported to play crucial roles to regulate leaf complexity among plant species. Using the compound-leafed species Lotus japonicus, a model legume plant with five visible leaflets, we characterized four independent mutants with reduced leaf complexity, proliferating floral meristem (pfm), proliferating floral organ-2 (pfo-2), fused leaflets1 (ful1) and umbrella leaflets (uml), which were further identified as loss-of-function mutants of Arabidopsis orthologs LEAFY (LFY), UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) and PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), respectively. Comparing the leaf development of wild-type and mutants by a scanning electron microscopy approach, leaflet initiation and/or dissection were found to be affected in these mutants. Expression and phenotype analysis indicated that PFM/LjLFY and PFO/LjUFO determined the basipetal leaflet initiation manner in L. japonicus. Genetic analysis of ful1 and uml mutants and their double mutants revealed that the CUC2-like gene and auxin pathway also participated in leaflet dissection in L. japonicus, and their functions might influence cytokinin biogenesis directly or indirectly. Our results here suggest that multiple genes were interplayed and played conserved functions in controlling leaf complexity during compound leaf development in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20032, China
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Kumar A, Sharma V, Khan M, Hindala MR, Kumar S. Auxin transport inhibitor induced low complexity petiolated leaves and sessile leaf-like stipules and architectures of heritable leaf and stipule mutants in Pisum sativum suggest that its simple lobed stipules and compound leaf represent ancestral forms in angiosperms. J Genet 2013; 92:25-61. [PMID: 23640405 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In angiosperms, leaf and stipule architectures are inherited species-specific traits. Variation in leaf and stipule sizes, and forms result from the interaction between abiotic and biotic stimuli, and gene regulatory network(s) that underlie the leaf and stipule developmental programme(s). Here, correspondence between variation in leaf and stipule architectures described for extant angiosperms and that induced mutationally and by imposition of stress in model angiosperm species, especially in Pisum sativum, was detected. Following inferences were drawn from the observations. (i) Several leaf forms in P. sativum have origin in fusion of stipule and leaf primordia. Perfoliate (and amplexicaul and connate) simple sessile leaves and sessile adnate leaves are the result of such primordial fusions. Reversal of changes in the gene regulatory network responsible for fusion products are thought to restore original stipule and leaf conditions. (ii) Compound leaf formation in several different model plants, is a result of promotion of pathways for such condition by gene regulatory networks directed by KNOx1 and LEAFY transcription factors or intercalation of the gene networks directed by them. (iii) Gene regulatory network for compound leaves in P. sativum when mutated generates highly complex compound leaves on one hand and simple leaves on other hand. These altered conditions are mutationally reversible. (vi) Simple leaves in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana despite overexpression of KNOx1 orthologues do not become compound. (v) All forms of leaves, including simple leaf, probably have origins in a gene regulatory network of the kind present in P. sativum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar
- Genetical Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Yamaguchi T, Nukazuka A, Tsukaya H. Leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity specification and lamina outgrowth: evolution and development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1180-94. [PMID: 22619472 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A key innovation in leaf evolution is the acquisition of a flat lamina with adaxial-abaxial polarity, which optimizes the primary function of photosynthesis. The developmental mechanism behind leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity specification and flat lamina formation has long been of interest to biologists. Surgical and genetic studies proposed a conceptual model wherein a signal derived from the shoot apical meristem is necessary for adaxial-abaxial polarity specification, and subsequent lamina outgrowth is promoted at the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial identities. Several distinct regulators involved in leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity specification and lamina outgrowth have been identified. Analyses of these genes demonstrated that the mutual antagonistic interactions between adaxial and abaxial determinants establish polarity and define the boundary between two domains, along which lamina outgrowth regulators function. Evolutionary developmental studies on diverse leaf forms of angiosperms proposed that alteration to the adaxial-abaxial patterning system can be a major driving force in the generation of diverse leaf forms, as represented by 'unifacial leaves', in which leaf blades have only the abaxial identity. Interestingly, unifacial leaf blades become flattened, in spite of the lack of adaxial-abaxial juxtaposition. Modification of the adaxial-abaxial patterning system is also utilized to generate complex organ morphologies, such as stamens. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the genetic mechanisms underlying leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity specification and lamina outgrowth, with emphasis on the genetic basis of the evolution and diversification of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Yan J, Cai X, Luo J, Sato S, Jiang Q, Yang J, Cao X, Hu X, Tabata S, Gresshoff PM, Luo D. The REDUCED LEAFLET genes encode key components of the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway and regulate compound leaf and flower development in Lotus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 152:797-807. [PMID: 19955265 PMCID: PMC2815879 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.140947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) pathway plays a conserved role in adaxial-abaxial patterning of lateral organs in simple-leafed plant species. However, its function in compound-leafed species is largely unknown. Using the compound-leafed species Lotus japonicus, we identified and characterized two independent mutants, reduced leaflet1 (rel1) and rel3, whose most conspicuous defects in compound leaves are abaxialized leaflets and reduction in leaflet number. Concurrent mutations in REL genes also compromise flower development and result in radial symmetric floral organs. Positional cloning revealed that REL1 and REL3 encode the homologs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 and ARGONAUTE7/ZIPPY, respectively, which are key components of the ta-siRNA pathway. These observations, together with the expression and functional data, demonstrated that the ta-siRNA pathway plays conserved yet distinct roles in the control of compound leaf and flower development in L. japonicus. Moreover, the phenotypic alterations of lateral organs in ta-siRNA-deficient mutants and the regulation of downstream targets by the ta-siRNA pathway in L. japonicus were similar to those in the monocots but different from Arabidopsis, indicating many parallels between L. japonicus and the monocots in the control of lateral organ development by the ta-siRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Da Luo
- Corresponding author; e-mail
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8
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Abstract
Most leaves are dorsiventrally flattened and develop clearly defined upper and lower surfaces. Light capturing is the specialization of the adaxial or upper surface and the abaxial or lower surface is specialized for gas exchange (Fig. 5.1). This division into adaxial and abaxial domains is also key for the outgrowth of the leaf blade or lamina, which occurs along the boundary between the upper and lower sides. How this polarity is set up is not clear but genetic analysis in a range of species suggests that several highly conserved interlocking pathways are involved. Positional information from the meristem is reinforced by signaling through the epidermal layer as the meristem grows away from the leaf primordium. Opposing ta-siRNA and miRNA gradients help refine distinct adaxial and abaxial sides, and mutual inhibition between the genes expressed on each side stabilizes the boundary. In this review we consider how recent work in a range of species is clarifying our understanding of these processes.
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Illing N, Klak C, Johnson C, Brito D, Negrao N, Baine F, van Kets V, Ramchurn KR, Seoighe C, Roden L. Duplication of the Asymmetric Leaves1/Rough Sheath 2/Phantastica (ARP) gene precedes the explosive radiation of the Ruschioideae. Dev Genes Evol 2009; 219:331-8. [PMID: 19554349 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-009-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae subfamilies are a major component of the Greater Cape Floristic Region in southern Africa. The Ruschioideae show an astonishing diversity of leaf shape and growth forms. Although 1,585 species are recognised within the morphologically diverse Ruschioideae, these species show minimal variation in plastid DNA sequence. We have investigated whether changes in selected leaf development transcription factors underpin the recent, rapid diversification of this large group of succulent plants. Degenerate primers designed to conserved regions of Asymmetric Leaves1/Rough Sheath 2/Phantastica (ARP) and the Class III HD-ZIP family of genes, were used to amplify sequences corresponding to these genes from several species within the Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae subfamilies. Two members of the Class III HD-ZIP family were identified in both the Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae, and were derived from an ancient gene duplication event that preceded the divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms. While a single ARP orthologue was identified in the Mesembryanthemoideae, two paralogues, ARPa and ARPb, were identified in the Ruschioideae subfamily. ARPa was present in all species of Ruschioideae analysed in this study. ARPb has been lost from the Apatesieae and Dorotheantheae tribes, which form an early evolutionary branch from the Ruschieae tribe, as well as from selected species within the Ruschieae. The recent duplication and subsequent selected gene loss of the ARP transcription factor correlates with the rapid diversification of plant forms in the Ruschioideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Illing
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Di Giacomo E, Sestili F, Iannelli MA, Testone G, Mariotti D, Frugis G. Characterization of KNOX genes in Medicago truncatula. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 67:135-150. [PMID: 18274864 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We isolated three class I and three class II KNOX genes in Medicago truncatula. The predicted amino acid sequences suggested a possible orthology to the Arabidopsis homeodomain proteins STM, KNAT1/BP, KNAT3 and KNAT7 that was confirmed by phylogenetic and conserved structural domain analyses. Moreover, the STM-like MtKNOX1 and MtKNOX6 proteins were shown to retain the capability to interact with the Arabidopsis BELL protein partners of STM and KNAT1/BP. Amino acid residues that characterize the different classes of KNOX proteins were identified. Gene expression studies revealed organ-specificity, possible cytokinin-dependent transcriptional activation of two MtKNOXs and expression of one STM-like and a BP/KNAT1-like MtKNOX in roots. Interestingly, mRNA localization studies carried out on class I MtKNOX genes revealed important differences with previously characterised legume KNOXs. M. truncatula transcripts were not down-regulated in leaf primordia and early stages of leaf development, features shared with the more distant compound-leaved species Solanum lycopersicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giacomo
- Institute of Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, Operative Unit of Rome, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
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Wang H, Chen J, Wen J, Tadege M, Li G, Liu Y, Mysore KS, Ratet P, Chen R. Control of compound leaf development by FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog SINGLE LEAFLET1 in Medicago truncatula. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:1759-72. [PMID: 18287485 PMCID: PMC2287348 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.117044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic studies suggest that FLORICAULA (FLO)/LEAFY (LFY) orthologs function to control compound leaf development in some legume species. However, loss-of-function mutations in the FLO/LFY orthologs result in reduction of leaf complexity to different degrees in Pisum sativum and Lotus japonicus. To further understand the role of FLO/LFY orthologs in compound leaf development in legumes, we studied compound leaf developmental processes and characterized a leaf development mutant, single leaflet1 (sgl1), from the model legume Medicago truncatula. The sgl1 mutants exhibited strong defects in compound leaf development; all adult leaves in sgl1 mutants are simple due to failure in initiating lateral leaflet primordia. In addition, the sgl1 mutants are also defective in floral development, producing inflorescence-like structures. Molecular cloning of SGL1 revealed that it encodes the M. truncatula FLO/LFY ortholog. When properly expressed, LFY rescued both floral and compound leaf defects of sgl1 mutants, indicating that LFY can functionally substitute SGL1 in compound leaf and floral organ development in M. truncatula. We show that SGL1 and LFY differed in their promoter activities. Although the SGL1 genomic sequence completely rescued floral defects of lfy mutants, it failed to alter the simple leaf structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that initiation of lateral leaflet primordia required for compound leaf development involves regulatory processes mediated by the SGL1 function in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
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12
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Udvardi MK, Kakar K, Wandrey M, Montanari O, Murray J, Andriankaja A, Zhang JY, Benedito V, Hofer JMI, Chueng F, Town CD. Legume transcription factors: global regulators of plant development and response to the environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:538-49. [PMID: 17556517 PMCID: PMC1914172 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Sainsbury F, Tattersall AD, Ambrose MJ, Turner L, Ellis THN, Hofer JMI. A crispa null mutant facilitates identification of a crispa-like pseudogene in pea. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:757-763. [PMID: 32689286 DOI: 10.1071/fp06090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of several legume species contain two Phantastica-like genes. Previous studies on leaf development have found that Phantastica confers leaf blade adaxial identity in plant species with simple leaves and leaflet adaxial identity in pea (Pisum sativum L.), a legume with compound leaves. Previous characterisation of the phantastica mutant of pea, crispa, showed it had radialised leaflets, but stipules were not radialised. This suggested either that mutation of a second redundant gene was required for radialisation of stipules, or, that a null mutation was required. Previously characterised crispa mutants may not have exhibited radialised stipules because they were weak alleles. In this work we show that pea has a second Phantastica-like gene, which lies on a different chromosome to Crispa. The second gene was found to be a pseudogene in several genotypes of pea, therefore it would not have a role in conferring stipule adaxial identity. A new deletion mutant, crispa-4 was identified. The mutant has radialised stipules and leaflets, showing that Crispa confers adaxial identity on both these organs in pea. The nucleotide sequence data reported here are in the EMBL and GenBank Nucleotide Databases under the accession numbers DQ486060 (JI 2822), DQ486061 (JI 15), DQ486062 (JI 281) and DQ486063 (JI 399).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sainsbury
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | | | - Lynda Turner
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - T H Noel Ellis
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Julie M I Hofer
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Domoney C, Duc G, Ellis THN, Ferrándiz C, Firnhaber C, Gallardo K, Hofer J, Kopka J, Küster H, Madueño F, Munier-Jolain NG, Mayer K, Thompson R, Udvardi M, Salon C. Genetic and genomic analysis of legume flowers and seeds. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2006; 9:133-41. [PMID: 16480914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
New tools, such as ordered mutant libraries, microarrays and sequence based comparative maps, are available for genetic and genomic studies of legumes that are being used to shed light on seed production, the objective of most arable farming. The new information and understanding brought by these tools are revealing the biological processes that underpin and impact on seed production.
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