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De Caro EF, Grassi M, Di Blas L. Body Uneasiness, Body Figure Perception, and Body Weight: Factor Structure and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of a Set of Attitudinal and Perceptual Body Image Assessment Tools in Adolescents. Assessment 2024; 31:377-396. [PMID: 37026621 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Body image is a multifaceted construct that includes attitudinal and perceptual components, but its attention has mainly been focused on the facet of body dissatisfaction. The present longitudinal study extended the validation of a multifacet attitudinal questionnaire, the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), against perceptions of body shape and weight. A convenient sample of adolescents took part in a 2-year unbalanced panel study (5 waves). The participants completed the BUT questionnaire and selected their perceived actual, ideal, and reflected body figures along the Contour Drawing Rating Scale; ideal/actual and ideal/normative body mass index discrepancies were also included. After replicating the expected five-factor structure of the BUT items, results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the five BUT scales loaded on an attitudinal dimension, whereas the perceived body figures and the discrepancy indices were on a perceptive domain. Such a two-domain structure of body image measures showed gender and seasonal (1-year) measurement invariance, whereas longitudinal 6-month and 18-month invariance partially failed. Overall, the present findings support the validity of the Body Uneasiness Test in adolescence, further demonstrating a preliminary multidimensional structure of body image onto which attitudinal and perceptual body image-related measures were projected.
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Freff J, Bröker L, Leite Dantas R, Schwarte K, Bühlmeier J, Kraft I, Hinney A, Buhlmann U, Arolt V, Dannlowski U, Romer G, Baune BT, Hebebrand J, Föcker M, Alferink J. Expression of CXCR4 on CD4 + T cells predicts body composition parameters in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960905. [PMID: 36226111 PMCID: PMC9549152 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder characterized by excessive weight loss and lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight. Individuals with AN frequently exhibit an enhanced inflammatory state and altered blood levels of cytokines and chemokines. However, the expression of chemokine receptors in AN and the association with body composition parameters and treatment effects are still unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of CCR4, CCR6, CXCR3, and CXCR4 on peripheral blood T cells in female adolescents with AN before (T0, n = 24) and after 6 weeks of multimodal therapy (T1, n = 20). We also investigated their value to predict body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) at baseline. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we found increased expression of CCR4, CXCR3, and CXCR4, but not CCR6, on CD4+ T cells in AN at T0 when compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 20). At T1, CXCR3 and CXCR4 expression decreased in AN. We found a close link between CCR4, CCR6 and CXCR4 expression and the adolescent mental health status in the study cohort as determined by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Specifically, CXCR4 expression correlated positively with emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, as well as with the total sum score of the SDQ. In addition, CXCR4 expression on CD4+ T cells was a significant predictor of BMI and FMI in female adolescents. Our findings that CXCR4 expression on T cells is altered in adolescents with AN and predicts body composition parameters in adolescents suggest an impact of this chemokine receptor in the pathogenesis of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Freff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa Bröker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kraft
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Buhlmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Cluster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Pappas LE, Nagy TR. The translation of age-related body composition findings from rodents to humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:172-178. [PMID: 30283153 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to highlight changes in body composition in rodent models as a result of healthy aging in order to enhance translational research. Aging is associated with alterations in body composition, particularly fat mass and fat-free mass, which may be accompanied by adverse health effects, especially nearing middle age to old age. In humans, it is generally understood that fat mass tends to increase while fat-free mass concurrently declines with aging. However, the effect of aging on body composition in rodent models is less well studied, and how these changes compare and contrast with observations in humans has not yet been fully elucidated. Though, it appears as though the constituent-level alterations occur in humans and rodents at different life phases thereby having a potential effect on the outcomes of basic biomedical research. Though highly strain-dependent, this review suggests that FM changes begin at a much earlier life phase in rodents than in humans. Conversely, FFM appears to increase throughout middle age and into old age in rodents, whereas middle age is associated with the initiation the subsequent decline of FFM in humans. Given the essentiality of rodent models in basic biomedical research, careful consideration of these differences in age-related BC findings is imperative when the research is aimed for human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Pappas
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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Mathisen TF, Rosenvinge JH, Friborg O, Pettersen G, Stensrud T, Hansen BH, Underhaug KE, Teinung E, Vrabel K, Svendsen M, Bratland‐Sanda S, Sundgot‐Borgen J. Body composition and physical fitness in women with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:331-342. [PMID: 29473191 PMCID: PMC5947292 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge about physical fitness in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge-eating disorder (BED) is sparse. Previous studies have measured physical activity largely through self-report, and physical fitness variables are mainly restricted to body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density. We expanded the current knowledge in these groups by including a wider range of physical fitness indicators and objective measures of physical activity, assessed the influence of a history of anorexia nervosa (AN), and evaluated predictive variables for physical fitness. METHOD Physical activity, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, body composition, and bone mineral density were measured in 156 women with BN or BED, with mean (SD) age 28.4 years (5.7) and BMI 25.3 (4.8) kg m-2 . RESULTS Level of physical activity was higher than normative levels, still <50% met the official physical activity recommendation. Fitness in women with BN were on an average comparable with recommendations or normative levels, while women with BED had lower CRF and higher BMI, VAT, and body fat percentage. We found 10-12% with masked obesity. A history of AN did not predict current physical fitness, still values for current body composition were lower when comparing those with history of AN to those with no such history. DISCUSSION Overall, participants with BN or BED displayed adequate physical fitness; however, a high number had unfavorable CRF and body composition. This finding calls for inclusion of physical fitness in routine clinical examinations and guided physical activity and dietary recommendations in the treatment of BN and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan H. Rosenvinge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gunn Pettersen
- Department of Health and Caring SciencesFaculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesSognsvegen 220N‐0806 OsloNorway
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesSognsvegen 220N‐0806 OsloNorway
| | - Karoline E. Underhaug
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesSognsvegen 220N‐0806 OsloNorway
| | - Elisabeth Teinung
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesSognsvegen 220N‐0806 OsloNorway
| | | | - Mette Svendsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Solfrid Bratland‐Sanda
- Department of Outdoor Studies, Sports and Physical EducationUniversity College of Southeast NorwayNotoddenNorway
| | - Jorunn Sundgot‐Borgen
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesSognsvegen 220N‐0806 OsloNorway
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Rohde JF, Händel MN, Stougaard M, Olsen NJ, Trærup M, Mortensen EL, Heitmann BL. Relationship between pickiness and subsequent development in body mass index and diet intake in obesity prone normal weight preschool children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172772. [PMID: 28296896 PMCID: PMC5351873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most children have periods in their life where they reject familiar as well as non-familiar food items and this is often referred to as pickiness. The consequences of pickiness may be malnutrition and, if prolonged, potentially lower body weight. However, studies investigating the consequence of pickiness on subsequent changes in diet intake and weight are limited. Objectives To examine whether pickiness influences body mass index as well as diet intake over subsequent 15 months among obesity prone normal weight children aged 2–6 years. Methods Data was obtained from the “Healthy Start” intervention study which included 271 children aged 2–6 years susceptible to overweight later in life. Information on pickiness was obtained from a parental questionnaire. Dietary habits were collected by 4-day dietary records filled in by the parents and height and weight were measured by trained health professionals and both measured twice over a 15 month period. Linear regression models were performed to assess the influence of pickiness on body mass index and diet with adjustments for possible confounders. Results No differences in mean BMI Z-score were seen between picky/non-picky (P = 0.68) and little picky/non-picky (P = 0.68) children at 15 month follow-up. Picky children had a lower intake of protein (P = 0.01) than non-picky children despite no differences in total energy intake (P = 0.74), or in the other macronutrients, or the intake of fruit and vegetables, though children being a little picky had a lower intake of starch compared to non-picky children (P = 0.05). Results were essentially similar before and after adjustment for key covariates. Conclusion Our study showed that BMI Z-score after 15 months follow-up was similar for picky and non-picky children. Picky children seemed to develop a lower protein intake despite similar total energy intake and diet composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- National Institute of Public health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Mina Nicole Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Stougaard
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Trærup
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- National Institute of Public health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Nutritional status and Mediterranean diet quality among Spanish children and adolescents with food neophobia. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Barse LM, Tiemeier H, Leermakers ETM, Voortman T, Jaddoe VWV, Edelson LR, Franco OH, Jansen PW. Longitudinal association between preschool fussy eating and body composition at 6 years of age: The Generation R Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:153. [PMID: 26666996 PMCID: PMC4678491 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s fussy eating behavior has been related to both underweight and overweight in cross-sectional studies, but the direction of these associations and the relation with more detailed measures of body composition remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether fussy eating at age 4 years is longitudinally related to body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 6 years of age. Methods This study was embedded in Generation R, a population-based, prospective cohort. Data were available for 4191 children. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), administered at age 4 years, was used to derive a fussy eating profile. This profile is characterized by high scores on food avoidant scales and low scores on food approach scales. At age 6 years, height and weight were measured at our research center. Body fat and fat-free mass were measured using Dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry. We used age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDS) for all outcomes. Results After adjustment for confounders, the fussy eating profile was related to lower BMI-SDS (B = −0.37, 95 % CI: −0.47;−0.26), lower FMI-SDS (B = −0.22, 95 % CI: −0.33;−0.12) and lower FFMI-SDS (B = −0.41, 95 % CI: −0.54;−0.29). When adjusting for baseline BMI at 4 years, the fussy eating profile predicted a 0.11 lower BMI-SDS at age 6 (95 % CI: −0.19;−0.04). This change in BMI was mainly due to a decrease in FFMI (B = −0.19, 95 % CI: −0.29;−0.09). Fussy eaters also had a higher risk of becoming underweight than non-fussy eaters (OR = 2.28, 95 % CI: 1.34;3.87). Conclusions Our findings suggest that young fussy eaters are at risk of having a lower fat free mass and of becoming underweight over a 2-year period. This implies that fussy eaters may benefit from careful monitoring to prevent an adverse growth development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0313-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M de Barse
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth T M Leermakers
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisa R Edelson
- Taste and Behavioral Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000, DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Growth charts for weight and height have provided the basis for assessment of children's nutritional status for over half a century, with charts for body mass index (BMI) introduced in the 1990s. However, BMI does not provide information on the proportions of fat and lean mass; and within the past decade, growth charts for children's body composition have been produced by using techniques such as skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). For public health research, BIA and skinfold thicknesses show negligible average bias but have wider limits of agreement than specialized techniques. For patients, DXA is the best individual method, but multicomponent models remain ideal because they address perturbations in lean mass composition. Data can be expressed in age- and sex-specific SD scores, in some cases adjusting for height. Most such reference data derive from high-income countries, but techniques such as air-displacement plethysmography allow infant body composition growth charts to be developed in low- and middle-income settings, where the data may improve understanding of the effects of low birth weight, wasting, and stunting on body composition. Recent studies suggest that between-population variability in body composition may derive in part from genetic factors, suggesting a universal human body composition reference may not be viable. Body composition growth charts may be extended into adult life to evaluate changes in fat and lean mass through the entire life course. These reference data will improve the understanding of the association between growth, body composition, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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9
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Dyck ZV, Bellwald L, Kurz S, Dremmel D, Munsch S, Hilbert A. Essprobleme im Kindesalter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1026/0943-8149/a000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Essstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter werden immer häufiger und eine frühzeitige Erkennung ist von großer Bedeutung. Neben den „klassischen” Essstörungen besteht eine Anzahl von Essproblemen im Kindesalter, die sich durch vermeidende oder restriktive Nahrungsaufnahme kennzeichnen und zurzeit nicht im DSM-IV Klassifikationssystem aufgeführt werden. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, das Vorkommen dieser Essprobleme in einer allgemeinen, schulbasierten Stichprobe in der Schweiz zu untersuchen und die psychometrischen Kennwerte eines kurzen Screeningfragebogens zur Erfassung vermeidend oder restriktiver Nahrungsaufnahme im Selbstbericht zu ermitteln. Es beantworteten 730 Kinder im Alter von 8 – 13 Jahren den Eating Disturbances in Childhood–Questionnaire (EDCh-Q). 29.8 % der Kinder gaben an, vermeidendes oder restriktives Essverhalten aufzuzeigen. Der EDCh-Q zeigte insgesamt gute Itemcharakteristika. Die vierfaktorielle Struktur konnte bestätigt werden, allerdings mit geringen internen Konsistenzen der Subskalen. Untergewichtige Kinder gaben häufiger an, Symptome einer Nahrungsvermeidung mit emotionaler Störung aufzuzeigen. Vermeidendes oder restriktives Essverhalten ist nicht unüblich bei Kindern im Schulalter. Der EDCh-Q ist ein diagnostisch orientierter Screeningfragebogen zur Identifizierung dieser Essprobleme in der mittleren Kindheit. Weitere Forschung ist wünschenswert zur Validierung des EDCh-Q in allgemeinen und klinischen Stichproben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé van Dyck
- Forschungseinheit INSIDE, Universität Luxemburg, Campus Walferdange, Luxemburg
| | - Laura Bellwald
- Departement für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Schweiz
| | - Susanne Kurz
- Departement für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Schweiz
| | | | - Simone Munsch
- Departement für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Schweiz
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum AdipositasErkrankungen, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig
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Faust JP, Goldschmidt AB, Anderson KE, Glunz C, Brown M, Loeb KL, Katzman DK, Le Grange D. Resumption of menses in anorexia nervosa during a course of family-based treatment. J Eat Disord 2013; 1:12. [PMID: 24926411 PMCID: PMC4053648 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resumption of menses (ROM) is considered an important clinical marker in weight restoration for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). The purpose of this study was to examine ROM in relation to expected body weight (EBW) and psychosocial markers in adolescents with AN. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review at The University of Chicago Eating Disorders Program from September 2001 to September 2011 (N = 225 females with AN). Eighty-four adolescents (Mean age = 15.1, SD = 2.2) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN, presenting with secondary amenorrhea were identified. All participants had received a course of outpatient family-based treatment (FBT), i.e., ~20 sessions over 12 months. Weight and menstrual status were tracked at each therapy session throughout treatment. The primary outcome measures were weight (percent of expected for sex, age and height), and ROM. RESULTS Mean percent EBW at baseline was 82.0 (SD = 6.5). ROM was reported by 67.9% of participants (57/84), on average at 94.9 (SD = 9.3) percent EBW, and after having completed an average of 13.5 (SD = 10.7) FBT sessions (~70% of standard FBT). Compared to participants without ROM by treatment completion, those with ROM had significantly higher baseline Eating Disorder Examination Global scores (p = .004) as well as Shape Concern (p < .008) and Restraint (p < .002) subscale scores. No other differences were found. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that ROM occur at weights close to the reference norms for percent EBW, and that high pre-treatment eating disorder psychopathology is associated with ROM. Future research will be important to better understand these differences and their implications for the treatment of adolescents with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne P Faust
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA ; Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kristen E Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Catherine Glunz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Brown
- School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Katharine L Loeb
- School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Debra K Katzman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., MC3077, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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11
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Donini LM, Poggiogalle E, del Balzo V, Lubrano C, Faliva M, Opizzi A, Perna S, Pinto A, Rondanelli M. How to estimate fat mass in overweight and obese subjects. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:285680. [PMID: 23662101 PMCID: PMC3639623 DOI: 10.1155/2013/285680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing and represents a primary health concern. Body composition evaluation is rarely performed in overweight/obese subjects, and the diagnosis is almost always achieved just considering body mass index (BMI). In fact, whereas BMI can be considered an important tool in epidemiological surveys, different papers stated the limitations of the use of BMI in single individuals. Aim. To assess the determinants of body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Methods. In 103 overweight or obese subjects (74 women, aged 41.5 ± 10 years, and 29 men, aged 43.8 ± 8 years), a multidimensional evaluation was performed including the assessment of body composition using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids and glycerol, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, plasma acylated and unacylated ghrelin, adiponectin, and leptin serum levels). Results. BMI does not represent the main predictor of FM estimated by DXA; FM from BIA and hip circumference showed a better association with FM from DXA. Moreover, models omitting BMI explained a greater part of variance. These data are confirmed by the predictive value analysis where BMI showed a performance similar to a "coin flip."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- *Lorenzo Maria Donini:
| | - Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria del Balzo
- Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Faliva
- Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, ASP, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Opizzi
- Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, ASP, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, ASP, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, ASP, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Background Very few studies have investigated the relationship between malnutrition and psychological symptoms in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). They have used only body weight or body mass index (BMI) for the nutritional assessment and did not always report on medication, or if they did, it was not included in the analysis of results, and they did not include confounding factors such as duration of illness, AN subtype or age. The present study investigates this relationship using indicators other than BMI/weight, among which body composition and biological markers, also considering potential confounders related to depression and anxiety. Methods 155 AN patients, (DSM-IV) were included consecutively upon admission to inpatient treatment. Depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviours and social functioning were measured using various scales. Nutritional status was measured using BMI, severity of weight loss, body composition, and albumin and prealbumin levels. Results No correlation was found between BMI at inclusion, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and severity of weight loss and any of the psychometric scores. Age and medication are the only factors that affect the psychological scores. None of the psychological scores were explained by the nutritional indicators with the exception of albumin levels which was negatively linked to the LSAS fear score (p = 0.024; beta = −0.225). Only the use of antidepressants explained the variability in BDI scores (p = 0.029; beta = 0.228) and anxiolytic use explained the variability in HADs depression scores (p = 0.037; beta = 0.216). Conclusion The present study is a pioneer investigation of various nutritional markers in relation to psychological symptoms in severely malnourished AN patients. The clinical hypothesis that malnutrition partly causes depression and anxiety symptoms in AN in acute phase is not confirmed, and future studies are needed to back up our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Mattar
- INSERM U669, Maison de Solenn, Paris, France.
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14
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Prioletta A, Muscogiuri G, Sorice GP, Lassandro AP, Mezza T, Policola C, Salomone E, Cipolla C, Della Casa S, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A. In anorexia nervosa, even a small increase in abdominal fat is responsible for the appearance of insulin resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 75:202-6. [PMID: 21521315 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aim of treatment in patients affected by anorexia nervosa (AN) is weight recovery. However, during weight gain, anorectic patients' body composition is changed, with an increase in abdominal fat, particularly in the visceral compartment. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that changes in body composition, particularly in abdominal fat, are responsible for the variability in insulin sensitivity (IS) in different stages of AN. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS We compared 20 anorectic patients in the acute stage, 19 in the weight-recovery stage and 21 controls. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure body composition. RESULTS The percentage of trunk fat was higher in weight recovery than in the acute phase (47·7 ± 8·4%vs 34·6 ± 7·6%; P ≤ 0·01) and in the control group (33·4 ± 7·6; P < 0·01 vs weight recovery). Although the recovery group gained weight, their body mass index (BMI) was not statistically different from that of the acute group (14·4 ± 1·1 vs 13·6 ± 1·8 kg/m(2) ). Insulin sensitivity was lower in the weight-recovery group than the acute group (4·7 ± 1·5 vs 7·8 ± 1·6 mg/kg/min; P < 0·01) and controls (7·7 ± 1·4 mg/kg/min; P < 0·01). A linear negative correlation was found between IS and the percentage of abdominal fat in the weight-recovery and acute groups (r = -0·51; P = 0·04 and r = -0·53; P = 0·04 respectively), while IS did not correlate with BMI. CONCLUSION Although weight-recovery represents the main aim of treatment in AN, refeeding is associated with an increase in abdominal fat which might be responsible of the onset of insulin resistance. As BMI and weight-recovery were associated with impaired IS, they cannot be considered the only aim of treatment of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prioletta
- Endocrinologia, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
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15
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Konstantynowicz J, Abramowicz P, Jamiolkowski J, Kadziela-Olech H, Bialokoz-Kalinowska I, Kierus-Jankowska K, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska J, Kaczmarski M. Thigh circumference as a useful predictor of body fat in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2011; 58:181-7. [PMID: 21734369 DOI: 10.1159/000329437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) demonstrate severe depletion of body fat. The aim of this study was to determine an accurate anthropometric measurement for clinical assessment of fat depletion in girls with AN in connection with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). METHODS In 64 female AN patients aged 12.8-23.1 years (mean 16.0 ± 1.8), body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (subscapular, abdominal and triceps), mid-upper arm and thigh circumference, fat mass (FM) and lean mass were determined and compared with the data of 71 controls. RESULTS Girls with AN had lower anthropometric traits and were fat depleted compared to controls (14.9 ± 7.3 vs. 27.4 ± 6.4% of FM using DXA; all p < 0.001). BMI, thigh circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness demonstrated a very similar predictive value for DXA assessment of body fat. Based on the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and the determination of the positive predictive value, thigh circumference appeared the most specific and sensitive anthropometric predictor of fatness discriminating between AN and healthy girls, with the AUC value reaching 0.95 (95% CI = 0.92-0.97). Using a cutoff value of 49.6 cm, accuracy was 90.6%, sensitivity 93% and specificity 88.7%. CONCLUSIONS Thigh circumference strongly correlates with DXA-FM and demonstrates a slight clinical advantage over BMI. This simple measurement might also serve as a useful predictor of body fatness in adolescent girls with AN and should therefore be further evaluated in independent cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Konstantynowicz
- Bone Densitometry and Body Composition Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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16
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Bravender T, Bryant-Waugh R, Herzog D, Katzman D, Kriepe RD, Lask B, Le Grange D, Lock J, Loeb KL, Marcus MD, Madden S, Nicholls D, O'Toole J, Pinhas L, Rome E, Sokol-Burger M, Wallin U, Zucker N. Classification of eating disturbance in children and adolescents: proposed changes for the DSM-V. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2010; 18:79-89. [PMID: 20151366 DOI: 10.1002/erv.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical periods of neural development and physical growth. The malnutrition and related medical complications resulting from eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified may have more severe and potentially more protracted consequences during youth than during other age periods. The consensus opinion of an international workgroup of experts on the diagnosis and treatment of child and adolescent eating disorders is that (a) lower and more developmentally sensitive thresholds of symptom severity (e.g. lower frequency of purging behaviours, significant deviations from growth curves as indicators of clinical severity) be used as diagnostic boundaries for children and adolescents, (b) behavioural indicators of psychological features of eating disorders be considered even in the absence of direct self-report of such symptoms and (c) multiple informants (e.g. parents) be used to ascertain symptom profiles. Collectively, these recommendations will permit earlier identification and intervention to prevent the exacerbation of eating disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bravender
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pediatric body composition analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:647-56. [PMID: 19415261 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-009-1247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric applications of body composition analysis (BCA) have become of increased interest to pediatricians and other specialists. With the increasing prevalence of morbid obesity and with an increased awareness of anorexia nervosa, pediatric specialists are utilizing BCA data to help identify, treat, and prevent these conditions. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to determine the fat mass (FM) and lean tissue mass (LTM), as well as bone mineral content (BMC). Among the readily available BCA techniques, DXA is the most widely used and it has the additional benefit of precisely quantifying regional FM and LTM. This review evaluates the strengths and limitations of DXA as a pediatric BCA method and considers the utilization of DXA to identify trends and variations in FM and LTM measurements in obese and anorexic children.
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18
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Abstract
Pediatric applications of body composition analysis (BCA) have become of increased interest to pediatricians and other specialists. With the increasing prevalence of morbid obesity and with an increased awareness of anorexia nervosa, pediatric specialists are utilizing BCA data to help identify, treat, and prevent these conditions. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to determine the fat mass (FM) and lean tissue mass (LTM), as well as bone mineral content (BMC). Among the readily available BCA techniques, DXA is the most widely used and it has the additional benefit of precisely quantifying regional FM and LTM. This review evaluates the strengths and limitations of DXA as a pediatric BCA method and considers the utilization of DXA to identify trends and variations in FM and LTM measurements in obese and anorexic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Helba
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Way, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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19
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Haas VK, Kohn MR, Clarke SD, Allen JR, Madden S, Müller MJ, Gaskin KJ. Body composition changes in female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1005-10. [PMID: 19211813 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body weight provides limited information about nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine body composition (BC) changes, to find clinical predictors and endocrine correlates of total body protein (TBPr) depletion, and to compare results on fat mass (FM) obtained with anthropometry (skinfold measurements) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with AN. DESIGN Body weight, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), BC (with DXA and skinfold measurements), and TBPr [with in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA)] was assessed in 50 AN patients (15.2 y) and 40 healthy sex- and age-matched controls. In 47 AN patients and 22 controls, hormone concentrations were measured. RESULTS In AN patients, body weight (44.4 +/- 5.5 kg), BMI (16.7 +/- 1.6), and FM(DXA) (7.0 +/- 3.4 kg) were lower than in controls. Lean tissue mass by DXA (LTM(DXA)) was similar in AN patients and controls (35.7 +/- 4.3 compared with 35.8 +/- 4.5 kg), but TBPr was 87% of that of controls (8.1 +/- 1.0 compared with 9.2 +/- 1.2 kg; P < 0.001). Cortisol was high, testosterone was unchanged, and estradiol and insulin-like growth factor I were low. Severe protein depletion measured by IVNAA seen in 17 AN patients could not be identified with simpler methods. All except 1 of 26 AN patients with a BMI > 16.5 had normal TBPr. The difference in individual percentage of body fat measured with DXA and skinfold measurements came up to 9%. CONCLUSION The severe protein depletion in 34% of AN patients was not accurately identified by LTM(DXA) or simpler methods, but a BMI > 16.5 indicated normal TBPr. Future studies need to compare DXA and skinfold measurements with a reference technique to assess FM in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Haas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C K Wells
- MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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21
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Probst M, Goris M, Vandereycken W, Pieters G. Body composition in girls and young women with anorexia nervosa: comparison of different equations. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:180-3. [PMID: 17922536 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The weight percentage of body fat in anorexic adolescents on the basis of four distinct formulas (Siri; Lohman; Westrate and Deurenberg; Heyward and Stolarczyk) is compared. METHOD The body composition of 238 anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, divided into four age categories (13-15, 15-17, 17-19, and 19-22 years), was measured by means of densitometry (underwater weighing). RESULTS Depending on the formula, the results calculated by the formulas differ significantly in each age category. The Siri formula generally results in the highest mean fat percentage (12.76%-13.39%) whereas the Heyward and Stolarczyck formula shows the lowest figures (8.77%-9.31%). Applying the Lohman and the Heyward and Stolarczyck formulas to the 19-22 years category, results in negative fat percentages. CONCLUSION A clinically useful formula is important for the estimation of body composition in specific age categories. We recommend with some restrictions, to apply the Siri formula in AN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Probst
- Department of Eating Disorders, University Psychiatric Center-K.U. Leuven, campus Kortenberg, Eating Disorders Unit, Belgium.
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Victora CG, Sibbritt D, Horta BL, Lima RC, ScD TC, Wells J. Weight gain in childhood and body composition at 18 years of age in Brazilian males. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96:296-300. [PMID: 17429924 PMCID: PMC2064197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between weight gain at different time periods during childhood and measures of adiposity in late adolescence. METHODS A population-based birth cohort carried out in Pelotas, a 320 000-inhabitant city in a relatively developed area in Southern Brazil. All newborns in the city's hospitals were enrolled in 1982. Weight gain from 0-1, 1-2, 2-4 and 4-15 years were expressed as changes in weight-for-age Z-scores relative to the NCHS/WHO reference. In 2000, 79% (2250) of all males were located when enrolling at the national Army. Weight and height were assessed. Body composition indicators (fat mass/height(2), lean mass/height(2), fat mass/lean mass(2.3)) were estimated through bioimpedance. Analyses were adjusted for maternal and social factors, as well as for gestational age. RESULTS In the adjusted analyses, birthweight and weight gain in the first year of life were positively associated with attained height at age 18 years. Except for the fat mass/lean mass(2.3) ratio, all weight-related outcomes were positively associated with weight gain in different periods of life. Children who gained weight rapidly in more than one time period became fatter at age 18 years, independently of when fast growth took place. CONCLUSIONS Height was primarily determined by fetal and infant growth. Weight-related indices, including the fat/lean mass ratio, were more strongly influenced by later growth. No clear critical windows of growth during which absolute tissue masses are programmed could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Victora
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de PelotasCP 464, 96001-970Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - David Sibbritt
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of NewcastleAustralia
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de PelotasCP 464, 96001-970Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosângela C Lima
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de PelotasCP 464, 96001-970Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of PelotasBrazil
| | - Tim Cole ScD
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College LondonUK
| | - Jonathan Wells
- MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, University College LondonUK
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Galloway AT, Fiorito L, Lee Y, Birch LL. Parental pressure, dietary patterns, and weight status among girls who are "picky eaters". JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2005; 105:541-8. [PMID: 15800554 PMCID: PMC2530930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether mothers' fruit and vegetable intake and mothers' use of pressure in the feeding domain when their daughters were 7 years old predicted picky eating and dietary intake when their daughters were 9 years old, and to examine diet and weight status in picky and nonpicky eaters. DESIGN/SUBJECTS Participants were 173 9-year-old non-Hispanic white girls and their mothers. A longitudinal analysis was used to assess maternal influences on picky eating and diet. A cross-sectional analysis was used to examine diet and weight status between picky and nonpicky eaters. Measures included maternal feeding practices, daughters' pickiness, mothers' fruit and vegetable intake, daughters' food intake, and weight status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES t tests examined differences between picky and nonpicky eaters. Structural equation modeling examined relationships among mothers' fruit and vegetable intake; child feeding practices; daughters' pickiness; and fruit, vegetable, micronutrient, and fiber intakes. RESULTS Mothers consuming more fruits and vegetables were less likely to pressure their daughters to eat and had daughters who were less picky and consumed more fruits and vegetables. Picky eaters consumed fewer fruits and vegetables, but also fewer fats and sweets. All girls consumed low amounts of vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium, but more picky girls were at risk for not meeting recommendations for vitamins E and C and also consumed significantly less fiber. In addition, picky eaters were less likely to be overweight. CONCLUSIONS Mothers influenced daughters' fruit and vegetable intake via their own patterns of fruit and vegetable intake and by influencing their daughters' tendencies to be picky eaters. Both picky and nonpicky eaters had aspects of their diets that did not meet recommendations. Taken together, these findings suggest that parents should focus less on "picky eating" behavior and more on modeling fruit and vegetable consumption for their children.
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Wells JCK, Murphy AJ, Buntain HM, Greer RM, Cleghorn GJ, Davies PSW. Adjusting body cell mass for size in women of differing nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:333-6. [PMID: 15277153 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.2.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body cell mass (BCM) may be estimated in clinical practice to assess functional nutritional status, eg, in patients with anorexia nervosa. Interpretation of the data, especially in younger patients who are still growing, requires appropriate adjustment for size. Previous investigations of this general issue have addressed chemical rather than functional components of body composition and have not considered patients at the extremes of nutritional status, in whom the ability to make longitudinal comparisons is of particular importance. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the power by which height should be raised to adjust BCM for height in women of differing nutritional status. DESIGN BCM was estimated by (40)K counting in 58 healthy women, 33 healthy female adolescents, and 75 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The relation between BCM and height was explored in each group by using log-log regression analysis. RESULTS The powers by which height should be raised to adjust BCM were 1.73, 1.73, and 2.07 in the women, healthy female adolescents, and anorexic female adolescents, respectively. A simplified version of the index, BCM/height(2), was appropriate for all 3 categories and was negligibly correlated with height. CONCLUSIONS In normal-weight women, the relation between height and BCM is consistent with that reported previously between height and fat-free mass. Although the consistency of the relation between BCM and fat-free mass decreases with increasing weight loss, the relation between height and BCM is not significantly different between normal-weight and underweight women. The index BCM/height(2) is easy to calculate and applicable to both healthy and underweight women. This information may be helpful in interpreting body-composition data in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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