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Miedziaszczyk M, Maciejewski A, Idasiak-Piechocka I, Karczewski M, Lacka K. Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density-A Systematic and Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5014. [PMID: 38140273 PMCID: PMC10745652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids-genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Harahap IA, Kuligowski M, Schmidt M, Kołodziejski PA, Suliburska J. Effects of isoflavone and probiotic intake on calcium transport and bone metabolism biomarkers in female rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6324-6335. [PMID: 37823105 PMCID: PMC10563734 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is essential for maintaining bone health as it contributes to bone formation, remodeling, strength, and density. This study investigated the effect of isoflavones and probiotics on calcium transporters' gene expression, serum calcium levels, and bone metabolism biomarkers in healthy female rats. Forty-eight female Wistar rats were classified into six groups. Bone metabolism biomarkers (pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin) and serum calcium levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), respectively. Gene expression of calcium transporters (Trpv5 and Trpv6) was evaluated in duodenum and jejunum tissue samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Trpv5 and Trpv6, epithelial calcium channels, play a crucial role in calcium transport and homeostasis in the body. The study consisted of a1-week adaptation period for the rats to adjust to the controlled conditions, followed by an 8-week intervention phase. The daidzein and genistein group showed a significant increase in the gene expression of the Trpv6 transporter in the duodenum and a marked decrease in serum pyridinoline levels compared to the control group. The tempeh and soybean groups showed a significant decrease in the gene expression of the Trpv5 calcium transporter in the jejunum. However, no significant influence of the Lactobacillus acidophilus diet on calcium transport and bone metabolism biomarkers was observed in the L. acidophilus group. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between serum calcium, bone metabolism biomarkers, and calcium transporters. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the daidzein and genistein diet improves calcium transport in the duodenum and reduces pyridinoline serum concentrations, while tempeh and soybean diets reduce calcium transport in the jejunum. However, the combination of daidzein, genistein, and L. acidophilus did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on calcium transport and bone metabolism, suggesting that further investigations are needed to elucidate their potential interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Maciej Kuligowski
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencePoznań University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznanPoland
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Baek DC, Hwang SJ, Lee JS, Wang JH, Son CG, Lee EJ. A Mixture of Cervus elaphus sibiricus and Glycine max (L.) Merrill Inhibits Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss Via Regulation of Osteogenic Molecules in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054876. [PMID: 36902303 PMCID: PMC10003697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by lowered bone mineral density and quality, which lead to an increased risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-osteoporosis effects of a mixture (called BPX) of Cervus elaphus sibiricus and Glycine max (L.) Merrill and its underlying mechanisms using an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. BALB/c female mice (7 weeks old) were ovariectomized. From 12 weeks of ovariectomy, mice were administered BPX (600 mg/kg) mixed in a chow diet for 20 weeks. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume (BV), histological findings, osteogenic markers in serum, and bone formation-related molecules were analyzed. Ovariectomy notably decreased the BMD and BV scores, while these were significantly attenuated by BPX treatment in the whole body, femur, and tibia. These anti-osteoporosis effects of BPX were supported by the histological findings for bone microstructure from H&E staining, increased activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but a lowered activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the femur, along with other parameters in the serum, including TRAP, calcium (Ca), osteocalcin (OC), and ALP. These pharmacological actions of BPX were explained by the regulation of key molecules in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The present results provide experimental evidence for the clinical relevance and pharmaceutical potential of BPX as a candidate for anti-osteoporosis treatment, especially under postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Cheol Baek
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-G.S.); (E.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-42-257-6397 (C.-G.S.); +82-42-470-9128 (E.-J.L.); Fax: +82-42-257-6398 (C.-G.S.); +82-42-470-9585 (E.-J.L.)
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon Korean Hospital of Daejeon University, Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-G.S.); (E.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-42-257-6397 (C.-G.S.); +82-42-470-9128 (E.-J.L.); Fax: +82-42-257-6398 (C.-G.S.); +82-42-470-9585 (E.-J.L.)
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Effects of Dietary Protein Source and Quantity on Bone Morphology and Body Composition Following a High-Protein Weight-Loss Diet in a Rat Model for Postmenopausal Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112262. [PMID: 35684064 PMCID: PMC9183012 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher protein (>30% of total energy, HP)-energy restriction (HP-ER) diets are an effective means to improve body composition and metabolic health. However, weight loss (WL) is associated with bone loss, and the impact of HP-ER diets on bone is mixed and controversial. Recent evidence suggests conflicting outcomes may stem from differences in age, hormonal status, and the predominant source of dietary protein consumed. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of four 12-week energy restriction (ER) diets varying in predominate protein source (beef, milk, soy, casein) and protein quantity (normal protein, NP 15% vs. high, 35%) on bone and body composition outcomes in 32-week-old obese, ovariectomized female rats. Overall, ER decreased body weight, bone quantity (aBMD, aBMC), bone microarchitecture, and body composition parameters. WL was greater with the NP vs. HP-beef and HP-soy diets, and muscle area decreased only with the NP diet. The HP-beef diet exacerbated WL-induced bone loss (increased trabecular separation and endocortical bone formation rates, lower bone retention and trabecular BMC, and more rod-like trabeculae) compared to the HP-soy diet. The HP-milk diet did not augment WL-induced bone loss. Results suggest that specific protein source recommendations may be needed to attenuate the adverse alterations in bone quality following an HP-ER diet in a model of postmenopausal obesity.
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Cui Y, Cai H, Zheng W, Shu X. Associations of Dietary Intakes of Calcium, Magnesium, and Soy Isoflavones With Bone Fracture Risk in Men: A Prospective Study. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10563. [PMID: 35229059 PMCID: PMC8861979 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary factors in osteoporotic fractures in men is underinvestigated. We examined the associations of dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones with risk of osteoporotic fractures in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Included in this prospective study were 61,025 men aged 40 to 74 years at study enrollment (2002–2006). The cohort was followed up via in‐person surveys for occurrence of bone fractures, major diseases, and survival status. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to evaluate the associations of variables under study (ie, dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones) with incidence of osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic fractures, measured by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 1.2% and 3.4% of participants experienced osteoporotic or non‐osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with risk of osteoporotic fractures with adjusted HRs of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60–1.02) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.13–0.56), respectively, for intake levels of 401 mg/d and >1000 mg/d versus ≤400 mg/d. Higher magnesium intake was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures after adjusting for dietary calcium intake, with HRs of 1.27 (95% CI 0.97–1.66) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.08–4.50), respectively, for intakes of 251 mg/d and >450 mg/d versus intake ≤250 mg/d. High soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 25% reduction of osteoporotic fracture risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.97 for soy isoflavone intake >45.2 mg/d versus <21.7 mg/d). Dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, or soy isoflavones were unrelated to the risk of non‐osteoporotic fractures. Our study added to the evidence that dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures in a dose–response fashion, while high magnesium intake was associated with an increased risk. Our study also revealed a novel association between higher soy isoflavone consumption and osteoporotic fractures in men. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Xiao‐Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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Kim SB, Assefa F, Lee SJ, Park EK, Kim SS. Combined effects of soy isoflavone and lecithin on bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:541-554. [PMID: 34603603 PMCID: PMC8446686 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.5.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Isoflavones (ISFs) are effective in preventing bone loss, but not effective enough to prevent osteoporosis. Mixtures of soy ISF and lecithin (LCT) were prepared and characterized in an attempt to improve the bone loss. MATERIALS/METHODS The daidzein (DZ) and genistein (GN) solubility in soy ISF were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The change in the crystalline characteristics of soy ISF in LCT was evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to evaluate and compare ISF bioavailability. Animal studies with ovariectomized (OVX) mice were carried out to estimate the effects on bone loss. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS The solubility of DZ and GN in LCT was 125.6 and 9.7 mg/L, respectively, which were approximately 25 and 7 times higher, respectively, than those in water. The bioavailability determined by the area under the curve of DZ for the oral administration (400 mg/kg) of soy ISF alone and the soy ISF-LCT mixture was 13.19 and 16.09 µg·h/mL, respectively. The bone mineral density of OVX mice given soy ISF-LCT mixtures at ISF doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg daily was 0.189 ± 0.020 and 0.194 ± 0.010 g/mm3, respectively, whereas that of mice given 100 mg/kg soy ISF was 0.172 ± 0.028 g/mm3. The number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter was reduced by the simultaneous administration of soy ISF and LCT. CONCLUSIONS The effect of preventing bone loss and osteoclast formation by ingesting soy ISF and LCT at the same time was superior to soy ISF alone as the bioavailability of ISF may have been improved by the emulsification and solvation of LCT. These results suggest the possibility of using the combination of soy ISF and LCT to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freshet Assefa
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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Ameliorative Effects of Pueraria lobata Extract on Postmenopausal Symptoms through Promoting Estrogenic Activity and Bone Markers in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7924400. [PMID: 34527066 PMCID: PMC8437591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7924400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, known as kudzu, is one of the most popular traditional medicines in Asian countries. It has been widely used as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for treating postmenopausal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the estrogenic effect of P. lobata extract (PE) against postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats were treated with PE (25–1600 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters, estradiol, and bone turnover markers (e.g., osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen, deoxypyridinoline, and pyridinoline) were measured in plasma samples. In addition, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) protein expression and morphology of uterine were evaluated. Long-term treatment with PE did not cause liver damage in OVX rats. PE supplementation reduced body weight gain in obese rats with high lipid accumulation induced by ovariectomy. Furthermore, PE exhibited a protective effect against insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic lipid peroxidation. PE treatment increased uterine weight and thickness of the uterine layers in cases of uterus atrophy due to removal of ovaries. The levels of bone turnover markers, which were significantly increased in OVX rats, were decreased by PE treatment. Western blotting analysis showed that ER-α protein expression was upregulated in PE-treated rats compared with OVX rats. These results suggest that PE could be a promising alternative functional food for improving menopausal symptoms.
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Genistein inhibits chondrogenic differentiation and mineralization of ATDC5 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 566:123-128. [PMID: 34119824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens abundant in leguminous crops and are used to prevent a variety of hormonal disorders. In the present study, the effects of genistein and daidzein on the chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells were investigated. Genistein (10 μM) treatment markedly reduced production of sulfated proteoglycans and collagen fibers in the ATDC5 cells. Genistein suppressed the expression of genes involved in chondrocyte differentiation such as Sox9, Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Tgfb1. Additionally, genistein significantly decreased calcium deposition in ATDC5 cells during chondrogenic differentiation; however, it increased calcification under non-chondrogenic mineralizing conditions. Daidzein exhibited a similar effect of suppressing chondrogenesis in ATDC5 cells, although its efficacy was 10-times lower than that of genistein. These findings suggest that a high concentration of genistein inhibits chondrogenesis and chondrogenic mineralization, whereas it enhances non-chondrogenic mineralization.
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Kanadys W, Barańska A, Błaszczuk A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Drop B, Malm M, Kanecki K. Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5346. [PMID: 34067865 PMCID: PMC8156509 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to more completely assess potential changes in bone turnover marker levels in postmenopausal women during the intake of soy isoflavones. PubMed (Medline) and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies, and their quality was evaluated according to Cochrane criteria. The levels of markers were evaluated in a total of 1114 women who ingested mean daily doses of 98.2 mg (30.9 to 300) of soy isoflavones for 3 to 24 months, in comparison to those of 1081 subjects who used a placebo. Ten, eighteen, eight, and fourteen comparison studies were finally selected for an estimation of the effects on osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), pyridinoline (PYD), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), respectively. A summary of the results of intervention was as follows: 4.16%, 95% CI: -7.72-16.04, p = 0.49 for OC; 5.50%, 95% CI: -3.81-14.82, p = 0.25 for BAP; -12.09%, 95% CI: -25.37-1.20, p = 0.07 for PYD; and -7.48%, 95% CI: -15.37-0.41, p = 0.06 for DPD. The meta-analysis of the included studies revealed some statistically insignificant observations that soy isoflavones intake is associated with a trend in increased levels of OC and BAP, as well as a trend in reduced levels of PYD and DPD. Soy isoflavones may have a beneficial effect on bone formation markers, but this requires extensive multi-center research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Kanadys
- Specialistic Medical Center “Czechów” in Lublin, 20-848 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Barańska
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Agata Błaszczuk
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Malm
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Warsaw Medical University, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland;
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Sansai K, Na Takuathung M, Khatsri R, Teekachunhatean S, Hanprasertpong N, Koonrungsesomboon N. Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1853-1864. [PMID: 32524173 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Isoflavones have a structure similar to 17β-estradiol, so they may be useful to postmenopausal women in preventing bone loss related to estrogen deficiency. The present study integrated the findings from 63 randomized controlled trials and found that isoflavone interventions may have benefits in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the efficacy of isoflavone interventions on bone density outcomes and the safety of isoflavone interventions in postmenopausal women by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was performed on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). Included studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of isoflavone intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Mean difference (MD) in BMD or relative risk for adverse outcomes was used as a summary effect measure; pooled-effect estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 63 RCTs, involving 6427 postmenopausal women, were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant differences in BMD at the last follow-up visit between the two groups (isoflavones vs. control) were found at the lumbar spine (MD = 21.34 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 8.21 to 34.47 mg/cm2, p = 0.001), the femoral neck (MD = 28.88 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 15.05 to 42.71 mg/cm2, p < 0.0001), and the distal radius (MD = 19.27 mg/cm2, 95% CI = 5.65 to 32.89 mg/cm2, p = 0.006). The positive effects in improved BMD were primarily associated with two formulations, i.e., genistein 54 mg/day and ipriflavone 600 mg/day. Isoflavone interventions were generally safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION Isoflavone interventions, genistein (54 mg/day) and ipriflavone (600 mg/day) in particular, have beneficial effects on BMD outcomes and are safe in postmenopausal women. They may be considered as a complementary or alternative option in the prevention and treatment of menopause-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sansai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - M Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - R Khatsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - S Teekachunhatean
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Thai Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Hanprasertpong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - N Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Chuang TL, Lin CH, Wang YF. Effects of vegetarian diet on bone mineral density. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:128-134. [PMID: 33912409 PMCID: PMC8059457 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_84_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors, such as hormonal changes in postmenopausal women, natural aging degeneration, race, gender, body size, lifestyle, physical activity, sunlight, dietary intake, medications, or other environmental issues, can affect the rate of bone formation or reabsorption, cause changes in bone mineral content, and influence the development of osteoporosis. Do vegetarian diets adversely affect bone mineral density (BMD)? Among postmenopausal Buddhists, long-term practitioners of vegan vegetarian were found to have a higher risk exceeding the lumbar fracture threshold and a lower level of hip BMD after controlling for other variables. However, results of several prospective longitudinal studies failed to show a harmful effect of vegetarianism on bone health. In the Taiwanese adult population, researchers also did not find that a vegetarian diet significantly affects age-related BMD decline. Due to the various levels of nutrients in the diet (such as protein, alkali, calcium, Vitamin K, and phytoestrogens) and major lifestyle factors (such as smoking and physical exercise), determining the impact of a vegetarian diet on bone health is very complex. Good-quality vegetarian food can provide a healthy foundation for building and maintaining healthy bones and preventing fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyy-Ling Chuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Center of Preventive Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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12
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Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092670. [PMID: 32883033 PMCID: PMC7551889 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, where appropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/or function. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to rapid digestion and absorption kinetics stimulating robust increases in muscle protein synthesis and promoting bone accretion and maintenance. However, global concerns surrounding environmental sustainability has led to an increasing interest in plant- and collagen-derived protein as alternative or adjunct dietary sources. This is despite the lower anabolic profile of plant and collagen protein due to the inferior essential amino acid profile (e.g., lower leucine content) and subordinate digestibility (versus animal). This review evaluates the efficacy of animal-, plant- and collagen-derived proteins in isolation, and as protein blends, for augmenting muscle and bone metabolism and health in the context of ageing, exercise and energy restriction.
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Keirns BH, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Phytochemicals affect T helper 17 and T regulatory cells and gut integrity: implications on the gut-bone axis. Nutr Res 2020; 83:30-48. [PMID: 33010588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of osteoporosis is multifactorial, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of the gut-bone axis, especially in bone loss associated with menopause, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease. Aberrant T cell responses favoring an increase in the ratio of T helper 17 cells to T regulatory cells play a critical role in the underlying etiology of this bone loss. Many of the dietary phytochemicals known to have osteoprotective activity such as flavonoids, organosulfur compounds, phenolic acids, as well as the oligosaccharides also improve gut barrier function and affect T cell differentiation and activation within gut-associated lymphoid tissues and at distal sites. Here, we examine the potential of these phytochemicals to act as prebiotics and immunomodulating agents, in part targeting the gut to mediate their effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
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Kojima A, Ikehara S, Kamiya K, Kajita E, Sato Y, Kouda K, Tamaki J, Kagamimori S, Iki M. Natto Intake is Inversely Associated with Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Japanese Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:599-605. [PMID: 31825069 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The direct association between intake of Japanese fermented soybeans, namely natto, and bone mineral density (BMD) is known. However, the association with osteoporotic fractures has not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether habitual natto intake is associated with a risk of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 1417 postmenopausal Japanese women who were enrolled in the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis cohort study in 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2006 and were aged ≥45 y at baseline. The intake of natto, tofu, and other soybean products was surveyed with use of a FFQ at baseline. Fractures were ascertained in follow-up surveys conducted in 1999, 2002, 2006, and 2011/2012. Osteoporotic fracture was the primary outcome and was defined as a clinical fracture occurring without strong external force, diagnosed with radiographs by a medical doctor. HRs with 95% CIs were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During the 17,699 person-years of follow-up (median, 15.2 y), 172 women experienced osteoporotic fractures. After adjustment for age and BMD at the total hip, the HRs compared with those of < 1 pack (approximately 40 g)/wk natto intake were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.98) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.87) for 1-6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. After further adjustment for BMI, history of osteoporotic fractures, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, alcohol intake, frequency of tofu and other soybean product intakes, and dietary calcium intake, the HRs were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.10) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.99) for 1-6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. Frequency of tofu or other soybean product intakes had no association with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSIONS Habitual natto intake may be associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures independent of confounding factors, including BMD, in Japanese postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp as UMIN 000032869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kojima
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Kyoto College of Nutritional & Medical Sciences, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Kamiya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, Mizunami City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuho Sato
- Department of Human Life, Jin-ai University, Echizen City, Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
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Smeriglio A, Calderaro A, Denaro M, Laganà G, Bellocco E. Effects of Isolated Isoflavones Intake on Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5094-5107. [PMID: 28990503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring flavonoids, commonly found in the food consumed for centuries in the East-Asian population, characterized by a structure able to exert nonsteroidal estrogen-like activity on human cells. They have attracted researcher interest all around the word, following the results obtained in epidemiological and clinical studies. The involvement of isoflavones and their metabolites in various biological processes suggests that they can influence several metabolic pathways and can influence the gene expression at epigenetic level, involving effects that probably are due to early life exposure. They show positive health effects on several diseases, especially in the prevention of coronary heart and neurological diseases, hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptoms. METHODS We have performed a critical evaluation of available literature trough a structured search of bibliographic databases about isoflavones health promoting properties, risk assessment and mechanisms of action. In addition, we supplied useful information on their biochemical properties, sources and bioavailability. RESULTS Although these molecules have been the subjects of numerous researches, their role for the wellness of the human organism remains controversial. Moreover, there are substantial inconsistencies between the results obtained by epidemiologic studies conducted on Eastern population, which found high health promoting properties, and Western clinical trials, which found much less positive effects. CONCLUSION Further epidemiologic studies and well-designed prospective human studies are to determine the beneficial effects of isoflavones exposure, as well as establishing its safe therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
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Ateba SB, Mvondo MA, Djiogue S, Zingué S, Krenn L, Njamen D. A Pharmacological Overview of Alpinumisoflavone, a Natural Prenylated Isoflavonoid. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:952. [PMID: 31551770 PMCID: PMC6746831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, several studies demonstrated that prenylation of flavonoids enhances various biological activities as compared to the respective nonprenylated compounds. In line with this, the natural prenylated isoflavonoid alpinumisoflavone (AIF) has been explored for a number of biological and pharmacological effects (therapeutic potential). In this review, we summarize the current information on health-promoting properties of AIF. Reported data evidenced that AIF has a multitherapeutic potential with antiosteoporotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, estrogenic and antiestrogenic, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. However, research on these aspects of AIF is not sufficient and needs to be reevaluated using more appropriate methods and methodology. Further series of studies are needed to confirm these pharmacological effects, and this review should lay the basis for the design of respective investigations. Overall, despite the drawbacks of studies recorded, AIF exhibits a potential as drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvin Benjamin Ateba
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sefirin Djiogue
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Stéphane Zingué
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Munshi RP, Kumbhar DA, Panchal FH, Varthakavi P. Assessing the Effectiveness of Panchatikta Ghrita, a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation as Add-on Therapy to Vitamin D 3 and Calcium Supplements in Patients with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Open-Labeled, Comparative, Controlled Clinical Study. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:1044-1053. [PMID: 31460771 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the change in the bone mineral density (BMD) score, bone-specific biomarkers (serum vitamin D3, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [TRAP-5b], and osteocalcin), quality of life, Ayurvedic symptoms (Asthikshaya Lakshanas), and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) scores following treatment with Panchatikta Ghrita (PG), a classical herbal formulation as add-on therapy to calcium and vitamin D3 supplements. Study design: Randomized, open-labeled, comparative, controlled clinical study. Location: TN Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India. Study participants: Eighty adult patients, aged between 40 and 75 years, diagnosed to have osteopenia (BMD T-score between -1 and -2.5 in at least two of the three joints tested-lumbar spine L1-L4, left femur-neck, left forearm-radius total). Study intervention: Treatment group received two tablespoons of PG (10 mL in lukewarm milk) along with calcium and vitamin D3 supplements twice a day, whereas control group received only calcium and vitamin D3 supplements twice a day for a period of 12 months. Outcome measures: BMD, bone-specific biomarkers (vitamin D3, TRAP-5b, and osteocalcin), quality of life, Ayurvedic symptoms, and FRAX scores were evaluated before and at 6 and 12 months. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled; of which, 65 patients completed the study while 15 patients dropped out. Improvement in the BMD scores was observed at 6 and 12 months with the maximum benefit in the lumbar spine region. Significant improvement in the bone-specific biomarkers, namely serum vitamin D3 (p < 0.001), osteocalcin (p < 0.001), and TRAP-5b (p < 0.05), was observed in the PG-treated group compared with the standard treatment group. Improvement in the quality of life, Ayurvedic symptoms scores, and risk reduction in FRAX scores of major osteoporotic fracture risk and hip fracture risk was greater with PG, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: The study findings demonstrate that PG slows down the bone degeneration processes by its stabilizing effect on the bone-specific biomarkers, indicating its potential usefulness as preventive therapy in osteopenia. The positive improvement noted in this study needs to be confirmed in studies with a larger sample size and longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka P Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Dipti A Kumbhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Falguni H Panchal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Prema Varthakavi
- Department of Endocrinology, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
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18
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Akhlaghi M, Ghasemi Nasab M, Riasatian M, Sadeghi F. Soy isoflavones prevent bone resorption and loss, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2327-2341. [PMID: 31290343 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1635078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass resulting from continuous bone resorption. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched to find published trials on the effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline, C-telopeptide, and N-telopeptide). Random-effects inverse-variance model was used to calculate the pooled effects. RESULTS A total of 5313 articles were found, screened, and assessed for eligibility, and finally 52 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Consumption of soy isoflavones caused significant improvement in BMD of lumbar spine (mean difference (MD) = 0.76%; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.42%; p = 0.03), hip (MD = 0.22%; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.42%; p = 0.04), and femoral neck (MD = 2.27%; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.31%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that in all 3 sites, the improvement was significant in normal weight subjects and interventions longer than a year, although trial location and dosage were also factors influencing isoflavones' impact on BMD. Among markers of bone turnover, osteoprotegerin (MD = 5.79; 95% CI: 3.08, 8.51 pg/ml; p < 0.001), pyridinoline (MD = -5.13; 95% CI: -7.76, -2.50 nmol/mmol; p < 0.001), and C-telopeptides (MD = -0.08; 95% CI: -0.16, -0.00 ng/ml; p = 0.04) were favorably affected by isoflavones while osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase did not change. Subgroup analysis of bone markers showed that in overweight/obese individuals and dosages <90 mg/day, isoflavones are more effective. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones prevent osteoporosis-related bone loss in any weight status or treatment duration. They increase BMD in normal weight subjects and diminish bone resorption in overweight/obese individuals. Although bone resorption may be decelerated over short-term isoflavone consumption, periods longer than a year are probably needed to affect BMD. Isoflavones also appear benefits on bone in any dose or subjects' ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi Nasab
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Riasatian
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Carbonel AAF, Vieira MC, Simões RS, Lima PDA, Fuchs LFP, Girão ERC, Cicivizzo GP, Sasso GRS, de Moraes LOC, Soares Junior JM, Baracat EC, Simões MJ, Girão MJBC. Isoflavones improve collagen I and glycosaminoglycans and prevent bone loss in type 1 diabetic rats. Climacteric 2019; 23:75-83. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1627314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. F. Carbonel
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. C. Vieira
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. S. Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. D. A. Lima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L. F. P. Fuchs
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. R. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. P. Cicivizzo
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G. R. S. Sasso
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. O. Carvalho de Moraes
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. M. Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E. C. Baracat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo – FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. J. B. C. Girão
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo – EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Temyingyong N, Koonrungsesomboon N, Hanprasertpong N, Na Takuathung M, Teekachunhatean S. Effect of Short-Course Oral Ciprofloxacin on Isoflavone Pharmacokinetics following Soy Milk Ingestion in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7192326. [PMID: 31097972 PMCID: PMC6487098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7192326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones have several potential benefits related to postmenopausal health. Isoflavone glycosides, found predominantly in nonfermented soy products, e.g., soy milk, require conversion by gut microbiota to their respective bioavailable aglycones prior to absorption into portal circulation. Use of short-course oral ciprofloxacin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, the incidence of which is increasing among postmenopausal women, might adversely affect gut microbiota. The objective of this one-group pre-post treatment study was to determine the effect of short-course oral ciprofloxacin on isoflavone pharmacokinetics in healthy postmenopausal women. Eleven postmenopausal subjects were assigned to consume a single oral dose of 375 mL UHT soy milk (SOY phase). Blood samples were collected immediately before soy milk ingestion and at specific times for 32 hours after soy milk ingestion. Following a washout period of at least seven days, subjects were assigned to take 250 mg oral ciprofloxacin after breakfast and dinner for three days, followed by a single oral dose of 375 mL UHT soy milk the next day (CIPRO/SOY phase). Blood samples were collected at the same time points as in the SOY phase. Plasma samples were treated with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase and plasma concentrations of aglycones (genistein and daidzein) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of both aglycones and Tmax of genistein obtained from the CIPRO/SOY phase were significantly lower than those obtained from the SOY phase, while Tmax of daidzein and t1/2 of both aglycones in the two phases were not significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nutthiya Hanprasertpong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supanimit Teekachunhatean
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Thai Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Testa I, Salvatori C, Di Cara G, Latini A, Frati F, Troiani S, Principi N, Esposito S. Soy-Based Infant Formula: Are Phyto-Oestrogens Still in Doubt? Front Nutr 2018; 5:110. [PMID: 30533415 PMCID: PMC6265372 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Scientific Societies have stated that there are very few indications for the use of soy-based formula (SF) in infant nutrition, their utilization rates have been repeatedly found to be higher than expected. It is likely that a significant role in this regard is played by the belief that the use of SF during infancy can reduce the risk of the development of several diseases later in life. Although no definitive data that can substantiate these claims have been collected, many people perceive soy consumption to confer significant health benefits and might also use soy for infant nutrition. However, not all the problems regarding safety of SF in infants have been definitively solved. Among risks, the potentially toxic role of the phyto-oestrogens contained in SF is not definitively established. In vitro and animal studies have raised suspicions that SF could have potentially negative effects on sexual development and reproductive function, neurobehavioral development, immune function, and thyroid function. Several studies in humans have aimed to assess whether the results of animal studies can be applied to humans and whether SF can be used in infants following the official recommendations. The results are somewhat conflicting. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss what is presently known regarding the impact of phyto-oestrogens in SF on early and late child development. PubMed was used to search for the studies published from January 1980 to June 2017 using the keywords: “soy,” “soy formula,” “child,” “phytoestrogens.” Analysis of the literature showed that a global evaluation of the impact of modern SFs on human development seems to suggest that their use is not associated with relevant abnormalities. Only children with congenital hypothyroidism need adequate monitoring of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Testa
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Salvatori
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Cara
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Latini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Frati
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Troiani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Li W, Ruan W, Peng Y, Wang D. Soy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 137:190-199. [PMID: 29407270 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies have focused on the relationship between soy intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk, but the results are inconsistent. We conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched up to Dec 2016. A random-effect model was used to pool the results of included studies. RESULTS Eight studies with 19 reports met the inclusion criteria. A significant inverse association was shown between soy intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk with an overall RR of 0.77 (95% CI = 0.66-0.91) with high heterogeneity. Besides, there was an obvious relationship between soy protein and isoflavones intake and risk of T2DM with the summary RR was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.80-0.97) with no heterogeneity. In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant protective effect of soy consumption was observed in women (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.49-0.87), cross-sectional studies (RR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.30-0.67), and Asian populations (RR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.61-0.88). CONCLUSIONS Soy products and soy constituents (soy protein and soy isoflavones) may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future studies should focus on the dose-response effect and the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan Centers for Diseases Prevention and Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, China.
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Maeda-Yamamoto M, Ohtani T. Development of functional agricultural products utilizing the new health claim labeling system in Japan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:554-563. [PMID: 29334323 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1422175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In April 2015, Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan launched a new food labeling system known as "Foods with Function Claims (FFC)." Under this system, the food industry independently evaluates scientific evidence on foods and describes their functional properties. As of May 23, 2017, 1023 FFC containing 8 fresh foods have been launched. Meanwhile, to clarify the health-promoting effects of agricultural products, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) implemented the "Research Project on Development of Agricultural Products" and demonstrated the risk reduction of osteoporosis of β-cryptoxanthin rich Satsuma mandarins and the anti-allergic effect of the O-methylated catechin rich tea cultivar Benifuuki. These foods were subsequently released as FFC. Moreover, NARO elucidated the health-promoting effects of various functional agricultural products (β-glucan rich barley, β-conglycinin rich soybean, quercetin rich onion, etc.) and a healthy boxed lunch. This review focuses on new food labeling system or research examining functional aspects of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- a Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Toshio Ohtani
- b National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
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Koutsofta I, Mamais I, Chrysostomou S. The effect of protein diets in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Women Aging 2018; 31:117-139. [DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2018.1418822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Koutsofta
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Mamais
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavri Chrysostomou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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Wang Y, Liu J, Pang Q, Tao D. Alpinumisoflavone protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through suppressing the apoptosis of osteoblastic and osteocytic cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:993-999. [PMID: 29203387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term use of glucocorticoids is found to cause osteoporosis. This study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of alpinumisoflavone (AIF), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, on dexamethasone(Dex)-induced osteoporosis. We use a rat model to investigate the apoptosis of osteoblastic and osteocytic cells. The results indicate that AIF effectively protects against dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis. Moreover, AIF effectively reversed dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic and osteocytic cells through inhibiting ROS overproduction and regulating the Nrf2 pathway. In conclusion, the AIF activated Nrf2 signaling pathway was observed to suppress Dex-induced ROS production in osteoblastic and osteocytic cells, which may explain its anti-osteoporotic effects against dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315104, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315104, China
| | - Qingjiang Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315104, China
| | - Dongying Tao
- Department of Human Morphology, Ningbo College of Health Science, No. 51 Xuefu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315104, China.
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Yin J, Han L, Cong W. Alpinumisoflavone rescues glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of osteocytes via suppressing Nox2-dependent ROS generation. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:270-276. [PMID: 29477034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term use of glucocorticoids is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis. Osteocyte, the most abundant cell type in bone, coordinates the function of osteoblast and osteoclast. This study evaluates the protective effect of alpinumisoflavone (AIF), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, on dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis of osteocytes. METHODS MLO-Y4 cell was used as a cell model. The effect of AIF on the cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis of MYL-Y4 cells was determined by DNA fragment detection ELISA kit and flow cytometry. Intracellular ROS level was determined by DCFH-DA staining. mRNA and protein expression of target genes were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS AIF effectively protected MLO-Y4 cells against Dex-induced apoptosis, which was associated with attenuation of Dex-induced ROS generation in MLO-Y4 cells. Furthermore, our data indicated that the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (Nox2) was suppressed by AIF, which in turn mediated the attenuating effect on Dex-induced ROS generation and apoptosis in MLO-Y4 cells. Moreover, our results showed that AIF modulated the expression of Nox2 by activating AMPK signaling. CONCLUSION AIF activated AMPK-dependent Nox2 signaling pathway to suppress Dex-induced ROS production in cultured osteocytes, which might explain its anti-apoptotic effect. These results indicate that activation of AMPK pathway by AIF could have beneficial effects on bone damage induced by excessive oxidative stress and osteocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Leixiang Han
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Lambert MNT, Hu LM, Jeppesen PB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of isoflavone formulations against estrogen-deficient bone resorption in peri- and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:801-811. [PMID: 28768649 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related estrogen deficiency leads to accelerated bone resorption. There is evidence that, through selective estrogen receptor modulation, isoflavones may exert beneficial effects against estrogen-deficient bone loss. Isoflavone aglycones show higher bioavailability than their glycosidic counterparts and thus may have greater potency.Objective: To summarize evidence, we executed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining isoflavone therapies and bone mineral density (BMD) loss in peri- and postmenopausal women.Design: We systematically searched EMBASE and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating isoflavone therapies for treating BMD loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in estrogen-deficient women. Separate meta-analyses were carried out with the use of random-effects models for the lumbar spine and femoral neck for all studies providing isoflavones as aglycones.Results: Twenty-six RCTs (n = 2652) were included in the meta-analysis. At the lumbar spine, isoflavone treatment was associated with a significantly (P < 0.00001) higher weighted mean difference (WMD) of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.02) than the control. For the femoral neck (18 RCTs, n = 1604), isoflavone treatment showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher WMD of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) compared with the control. When isolating studies that provide isoflavone aglycones in their treatment arm, the average effect was further significantly increased at the spine (5 RCTs, n = 682) to 0.04 (P < 0.00001; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) and femoral neck (4 RCTs, n = 524) to 0.03 (P < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) compared with the control. This protective effect against bone loss disappeared when only studies with formulations comprising predominantly isoflavone glycosides were included.Conclusions: Isoflavone treatments exert a moderately beneficial effect against estrogen-deficient bone loss in women. The effect appears dependent on whether isoflavone treatments are in aglycone form; we conclude that beneficial effects against bone loss may be enhanced for isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Meng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cong W, Zhou C, Yin J. Alpinumisoflavone inhibits osteoclast differentiation and exerts anti-osteoporotic effect in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28651235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpinumisoflavone (AIF), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound exacted from Derris eriocarpa, has been found to have a number of pharmacological activities. However, its role in bone disorder has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of AIF on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice model and related underlying mechanisms. Our study provides experimental evidence that AIF could regulate the remodeling process of bone and exert osteoprotective effect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Moreover, our results show that AIF suppresses osteoclast differentiation by attenuating RANKL-induced activation of p38, ERK and JNK pathways and consequently represses the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cong
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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30
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Zaheer K, Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1280-1293. [PMID: 26565435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.989958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are bioactive compounds with mildly estrogenic properties and often referred to as phytoestrogen. These are present in significant quantities (up to 4-5 mg·g-1 on dry basis) in legumes mainly soybeans, green beans, mung beans. In grains (raw materials) they are present mostly as glycosides, which are poorly absorbed on consumption. Thus, soybeans are processed into various food products for digestibility, taste and bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives. Main processing steps include steaming, cooking, roasting, microbial fermentation that destroy protease inhibitors and also cleaves the glycoside bond to yield absorbable aglycone in the processed soy products, such as miso, natto, soy milk, tofu; and increase shelf lives. Processed soy food products have been an integral part of regular diets in many Asia-Pacific countries for centuries, e.g. China, Japan and Korea. However, in the last two decades, there have been concerted efforts to introduce soy products in western diets for their health benefits with some success. Isoflavones were hailed as magical natural component that attribute to prevent some major prevailing health concerns. Consumption of soy products have been linked to reduction in incidence or severity of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, breast and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone loss, etc. Overall, consuming moderate amounts of traditionally prepared and minimally processed soy foods may offer modest health benefits while minimizing potential for any adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Humayoun Akhtar
- b Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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Westmark CJ. Soy-Based Therapeutic Baby Formulas: Testable Hypotheses Regarding the Pros and Cons. Front Nutr 2017; 3:59. [PMID: 28149839 PMCID: PMC5241282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy-based infant formulas have been consumed in the United States since 1909, and currently constitute a significant portion of the infant formula market. There are efforts underway to generate genetically modified soybeans that produce therapeutic agents of interest with the intent to deliver those agents in a soy-based infant formula platform. The threefold purpose of this review article is to first discuss the pros and cons of soy-based infant formulas, then present testable hypotheses to discern the suitability of a soy platform for drug delivery in babies, and finally start a discussion to inform public policy on this important area of infant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Westmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
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32
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Messina M. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016; 8:E754. [PMID: 27886135 PMCID: PMC5188409 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA.
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The Cooperative Effect of Genistein and Protein Hydrolysates on the Proliferation and Survival of Osteoblastic Cells (hFOB 1.19). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111489. [PMID: 27834834 PMCID: PMC6274156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chum salmon skin gelatin, de-isoflavoned soy protein, and casein were hydrolyzed at two degrees of hydrolysis. Genistein, the prepared hydrolysates, and genistein-hydrolysate combinations were assessed for their proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) to clarify potential cooperative effects between genistein and these hydrolysates in these two activities. Genistein at 2.5 μg/L demonstrated the highest proliferative activity, while the higher dose of genistein inhibited cell growth. All hydrolysates promoted osteoblast proliferation by increasing cell viability to 102.9%–131.1%. Regarding etoposide- or NaF-induced osteoblast apoptosis, these hydrolysates at 0.05 g/L showed both preventive and therapeutic effects against apoptosis. In the mode of apoptotic prevention, the hydrolysates decreased apoptotic cells from 32.9% to 15.2%–23.7% (etoposide treatment) or from 23.6% to 14.3%–19.6% (NaF treatment). In the mode of apoptotic rescue, the hydrolysates lessened the extent of apoptotic cells from 15.9% to 13.0%–15.3% (etoposide treatment) or from 13.3% to 10.9%–12.7% (NaF treatment). Gelatin hydrolysates showed the highest activities among all hydrolysates in all cases. All investigated combinations (especially the genistein-gelatin hydrolysate combination) had stronger proliferation, apoptotic prevention, and rescue than genistein itself or their counterpart hydrolysates alone, suggesting that genistein cooperated with these hydrolysates, rendering greater activities in osteoblast proliferation and anti-apoptosis.
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Abstract
This three-part series is designed to provide clinicians with a working knowledge of using herbal supplements for health and disease states. Common herbal preparations used for health promotion or disease prevention will be featured in this part of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Schaffer
- Susan D. Schaffer is a clinical associate professor at the University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla. Kim Curry is a clinical associate professor at the University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla. Saun-Joo Yoon is an associate professor at the University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Fla
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CHEN GUANGMING, WANG CHAOPENG, WANG JIEFANG, YIN SUJUAN, GAO HAN, XIANG LU, LIU HENGRUI, XIONG YINQUAN, WANG PANPAN, ZHU XIAOFENG, YANG LI, ZHANG RONGHUA. Antiosteoporotic effect of icariin in ovariectomized rats is mediated via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:279-287. [PMID: 27347050 PMCID: PMC4906828 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), the main active flavonoid glucoside isolated from Herba Epimedii, has been shown to prevent postmenopausal bone loss in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which ICA prevents bone loss in vivo remain poorly understood. In the present study, the effect of ICA in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis was evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated and OVX groups. The OVX rats were randomly divided into five groups: OVX group (water only), Fosamax (positive) group (5.04 mg/kg, weekly, administered orally), and OVX-ICA groups (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg, daily, administered orally) and treated for 12 weeks. The 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of ICA were designated as low (L-ICA), medium (M-ICA) and high (H-ICA), respectively. Compared with the sham-operated group, the OVX rats had significantly decreased bone mineral density (BMD), reduced serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and increased serum bone gla protein (BGP) concentrations. ICA significantly increased BMD, biomechanical strength, trabecular bone number and trabecular bone thickness, and reduced lumbar trabecular bone separation. Treatment with ICA also completely normalized the expression of osteoblast markers by increasing serum concentrations of OPG and BGP. Enhanced mineralization was demonstrated by increased expression of differentiation markers. Although further in vivo studies are required to investigate the efficacy of ICA in improving bone mass, this study demonstrates that ICA has strong osteogenic activity, inducing osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting resorption by osteoclasts. It also demonstrates an antiosteoporotic effect for ICA on the basis of BMD, biochemical markers, biomechanical tests and histopathological parameters. Compared with L-ICA and H-ICA, M-ICA was more effective and caused no liver or kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- GUANGMING CHEN
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - CHAOPENG WANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - JIEFANG WANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - SUJUAN YIN
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - HAN GAO
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - LU XIANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - HENGRUI LIU
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - YINQUAN XIONG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - PANPAN WANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - XIAOFENG ZHU
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - LI YANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - RONGHUA ZHANG
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Dwi Antika L, Kim YH, Kang MK, Park SH, Lee EJ, Choi YJ, Kang YH. Dietary compound gossypetin inhibits bone resorption through down-regulating lysosomal cathepsin K activity and autophagy-related protein induction in actin ring-bearing osteoclasts. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zheng X, Lee SK, Chun OK. Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling. J Med Food 2016; 19:1-14. [PMID: 26670451 PMCID: PMC4717511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that affects both women and men, although estrogen deficiency induced by menopause accelerates bone loss in older women. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the current drug therapies available have multiple side effects, including increased risk of developing certain types of cancer or complications, a search for potential nonpharmacologic alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Soy isoflavones (SI) have demonstrated potential bone-specific effects in a number of studies. This article provides a systematic review of studies on osteoporotic bone loss in relation to SI intake from diet or supplements to comprehensively explain how SI affect the modulation of bone remodeling. Evidence from epidemiologic studies supports that dietary SI attenuate menopause-induced osteoporotic bone loss by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Other studies have also illustrated that bone site-specific trophic and synergistic effects combined with exercise intervention might contribute to improve the bioavailability of SI or strengthen the bone-specific effects. To date, however, the effects of dietary SI on osteoporotic bone loss remain inconclusive, and study results vary from study to study. The current review will discuss the potential factors that result in the conflicting outcomes of these studies, including dosages, intervention materials, study duration, race, and genetic differences. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism and evaluate the effects of SI on osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Kim EY, Hong KB, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Protective effects of germinated and fermented soybean extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and in rats. Food Funct 2015; 6:3512-21. [PMID: 26299642 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00785b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of germinated and fermented soybean extract (GFSE) on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and in the rat liver. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that genistin (3.40 ± 0.14 μg mg(-1)) was the most abundant isoflavone in the GFSE. Coumestrol (1.00 ± 0.04 μg mg(-1)), daidzin (0.78 ± 0.14 μg mg(-1)), genistein (0.68 ± 0.05 μg mg(-1)), glycitin (0.54 ± 0.02 μg mg(-1)), glycitein (0.41 ± 0.02 μg mg(-1)), and daidzein (0.02 ± 0.0 g mg(-1)) are also contained in decreasing order of content. GFSE significantly inhibited t-BHP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HepG2 cells. This GFSE-induced ROS reduction was associated with the down-regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), a pro-oxidant enzyme, and the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the rat liver. In addition, increased levels of antioxidant enzyme mRNAs correlated with the enhanced enzymatic activities of SOD, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The antioxidant effect of GFSE was supported by the reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a hydroperoxide, and the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a biomarker of cell damage, were also lowered by GFSE. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are clinical biomarkers of liver function, were shown to be improved with GFSE administration. The effects of GFSE were attributable to an improvement in liver tissue morphology. Taken together, GFSE protected the liver from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress by regulating ROS-related enzymes. Our results suggest that GFSE might be a hepatoprotective source against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Short-Term Isoflavone Intervention in the Treatment of Severe Vasomotor Symptoms after Surgical Menopause: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2015; 2015:962740. [PMID: 26605099 PMCID: PMC4641951 DOI: 10.1155/2015/962740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are soy phytoestrogens that potentially exert various favorable effects in postmenopausal women, for example, alleviating vasomotor episodes, attenuating bone loss, and stimulating vaginal epithelial maturation. There has, however, been lack of consensus regarding those therapeutic effects. Most clinical studies of isoflavones have been conducted with women who had undergone natural menopause, but not those who had undergone surgical menopause. This study reports on a 51-year-old woman who presented with severe vasomotor episodes after undergoing a hysterectomy and a bilateral oophorectomy due to hypermenorrhea secondary to myoma uteri. She refused hormone therapy due to fear of adverse drug reactions so was treated with oral soy isoflavones (two capsules twice daily, equivalent to at least 100 mg daily dose) for 8 weeks. The number and severity of hot flushes and her menopause-specific quality of life dramatically improved from baseline values. The serum bone resorption marker (beta C-telopeptide) decreased markedly, while vaginal epithelial maturation improved slightly, suggesting the potential of isoflavones in attenuating bone loss and stimulating vaginal maturation. The intervention did not adversely affect the hormonal profile (FSH, LH, and estradiol) and liver or renal functions. Thus, isoflavones could be an option for women experiencing severe vasomotor episodes after surgical menopause.
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Ghazanfarpour M, Sadeghi R, Roudsari RL. The application of soy isoflavones for subjective symptoms and objective signs of vaginal atrophy in menopause: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 36:160-71. [PMID: 26440219 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1036409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal atrophy is a common complaint among many women in their menopause, presenting with a cluster of symptoms including dryness, itching, burning/soreness, discharge, irritation and painful intercourse. We searched for existing pertinent data in three chief registries. Specified time brackets included 1996-2013 for Medline, 1990-2013 for Scopus and 2013 for Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (issue 1). Of 110 potentially relevant publications, 17 and 9 trials (7 on maturation value and 2 on vaginal dryness) were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. In general, soy isoflavones seem to improve vaginal symptoms as opposed to control arms. Soy isoflavones were also shown to be more efficacious in quantitative analysis, though this was statistically non-significant. Standardised difference in means of maturation value change was 0.072 (95% confidence interval [CI]: - 0.42 to 0.57), p = 0.777; heterogeneity P = 0.00; I(2) = 85.15%. Difference in means of vaginal dryness was - 0.204 (95% CI: - 0.28 to - 0.126), p < 0.001; heterogeneity P = 0.423; I(2) = 0.00. Soy isoflavones may relieve vaginal symptoms during menopause; nevertheless beneficial effects still remain uncertain due to possible publication bias or vast heterogeneity of the selected studies. Further studies with consistency in design as well as statistics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghazanfarpour
- a Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery , School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - R Sadeghi
- b Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - R Latifnejad Roudsari
- c Evidence-Based Care Research Centre, Department of Midwifery , School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Zingue S, Nde CBM, Njamen D. The methanol-soluble fraction of Millettia macrophylla (Fabaceae) stem bark endowed with estrogenic properties has adverse effects on the male reproductive system of Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:53-64. [PMID: 24670347 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of traditional medicinal plants to treat various diseases is common in Sub-Saharan African countries, including Cameroon. Millettia macrophylla, one of such plants, was previously found to exhibit estrogenic properties in female Wistar rats. However, its effects on the male reproductive system are unknown. Based on literature evidence that phytoestrogens impair male sexual behavior, we aimed at assessing the effect of the extracts of M. macrophylla stem bark on the male reproductive system of Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of the dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) soluble fractions of M. macrophylla stem bark on male rat sexual behavior, as well as androgen-dependent parameters for 60 days. RESULTS Data showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the wiring-touch frequency, mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculatory frequency, penile-licking frequency, and computed indices of sexual behavior, throughout the experimental period, as well as a significant increase (p<0.001) in mount, intromission, and ejaculatory latencies as well as post-ejaculatory interval. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the androgen-dependent sexual parameters evaluated. The DCM extract did not induce significant effects on the assessed parameters. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that long-term exposure to the estrogenic MeOH fraction of M. macrophylla stem bark negatively alters sexual behavior and spermatogenesis.
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Kim H, Tabata A, Tomoyasu T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S, Yuasa K, Tsuji A, Nagamune H. Estrogen stimuli promote osteoblastic differentiation via the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase PACE4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:30-9. [PMID: 24557631 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds include endogenous estrogens such as estradiol as well as soybean isoflavones, such as daidzein and its metabolite equol, which are known phytoestrogens that prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Indeed, mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, a murine osteoblastic cell line, was significantly decreased in medium containing fetal bovine serum treated with charcoal-dextran to deplete endogenous estrogens, but estradiol and these soybean isoflavones dose-dependently restored the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells; equol was tenfold more effective than daidzein. These differentiation-promoting effects were inhibited by the addition of fulvestrant, which is a selective downregulator of estrogen receptors. Analysis of the expression pattern of bone-related genes by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)/quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), which focused on responsiveness to the estrogen stimuli, revealed that the transcription of PACE4, a subtilisin-like proprotein convertase, was tightly linked with the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells induced by estrogen stimuli. Moreover, treatment with RNAi of PACE4 in MC3T3-E1 cells resulted in a drastic decrease of mineralization in the presence of estrogen stimuli. These results strongly suggest that PACE4 participates in bone formation at least in osteoblast differentiation, and estrogen receptor-mediated stimuli induce osteoblast differentiation through the upregulation of PACE4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, #2-1, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
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Westmark CJ. A hypothesis regarding the molecular mechanism underlying dietary soy-induced effects on seizure propensity. Front Neurol 2014; 5:169. [PMID: 25232349 PMCID: PMC4153031 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders including fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease are co-morbid with epilepsy. We have observed elevated seizure propensity in mouse models of these disorders dependent on diet. Specifically, soy-based diets exacerbate audiogenic-induced seizures in juvenile mice. We have also found potential associations between the consumption of soy-based infant formula and seizure incidence, epilepsy comorbidity, and autism diagnostic scores in autistic children by retrospective analyses of medical record data. In total, these data suggest that consumption of high levels of soy protein during postnatal development may affect neuronal excitability. Herein, we present our theory regarding the molecular mechanism underlying soy-induced effects on seizure propensity. We hypothesize that soy phytoestrogens interfere with metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling through an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism, which results in elevated production of key synaptic proteins and decreased seizure threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Jean Westmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA
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Soy isoflavones administered to rats from weaning until sexual maturity affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 72:51-60. [PMID: 25035168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one-day-old female Wistar rats were treated daily with orally administered soy isoflavones (SIFs) at concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight from weaning until sexual maturity (3 mo.), and ovarian follicle development was evaluated. At the end of the treatment period, the ultrastructure of the ovarian granulosa cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The apoptotic cell death of ovarian granulosa cells was detected using TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bcl2, Bax, and Fas were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl2, Bax, and Fas were determined by western blotting. Our data showed that exposure to SIFs resulted in morphological changes consistent with ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. The percentage of TUNEL-positive granulosa cells was increased. The mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, and Fas increased significantly. The protein levels of Bax, Fas, and cleaved caspase-3 were also increased. These results indicate that the exposure of rats to modest doses of SIFs from weaning until sexual maturity can affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis. The mechanism of SIF-induced alterations in ovarian follicle development may involve the activation of Fas-mediated and Bcl2/Bax-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Yang CS, Mercer KE, Alund AW, Suva LJ, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Genistein supplementation increases bone turnover but does not prevent alcohol-induced bone loss in male mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1380-9. [PMID: 24872432 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214532759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption results in bone loss through increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These effects can be reversed by estradiol (E2) supplementation. Soy diets are suggested to have protective effects on bone loss in men and women, as a result of the presence of soy protein-associated phytoestrogens such as genistein (GEN). In this study, male mice were pair-fed (PF), a control diet, an ethanol (EtOH) diet, or EtOH diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of GEN for 8 weeks to test if GEN protects against bone loss associated with chronic drinking. Interestingly, alcohol consumption reduced cortical area and thickness and trabecular bone volume in both EtOH and EtOH/GEN groups when compared to the corresponding PF and PF/GEN controls, P < 0.05. However, in the trabecular bone compartment, we observed a significant increase in overall trabecular bone density in the PF/GEN group compared to the PF controls. Bone loss in the EtOH-treated mice was associated with the inhibition of osteoblastogenesis as indicated by decreased alkaline phosphatase staining in ex vivo bone marrow cultures, P < 0.05. GEN supplementation improved osteoblastogenesis in the EtOH/GEN cultures compared to the EtOH group, P < 0.05. Vertebral expression of bone-formation markers, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was also significantly up-regulated in the PF/GEN and EtOH/GEN groups compared to the PF and EtOH-treated groups. GEN supplementation also increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) in the PF/GEN, an increase that persisted in the EtOH/GEN-treated animals (P < 0.05), and increased basal hydrogen peroxide production and RANKL mRNA expression in primary bone marrow cultures in vitro, P < 0.05. These findings suggest that GEN supplementation increases the overall bone remodeling and, in the context of chronic alcohol consumption, does not protect against the oxidative stress-associated EtOH-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Yang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Alexander W Alund
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Fayed AE. Review article: health benefits of some physiologically active ingredients and their suitability as yoghurt fortifiers. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:2512-21. [PMID: 25892751 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article is concerned with health benefits of two main physiologically active ingredients namely, Isoflavones and γ-Aminobutyric acid, with emphasis on their fitness for fortification of yoghurt to be consumed as a functional food. Isoflavones (ISO) are part of the diphenol compounds, called "phytoestrogens," which are structurally and functionally similar to estradiol, the human estrogen, but much less potent. Because of this similarity, ISO were suggested to have preventive effects for many kinds of hormone-dependent diseases. In nature, ISO usually occur as glycosides and, once deconjugated by the intestinal microflora, the ISO can be absorbed into the blood. At present, it seems convincing their possible protective actions against various cancers, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms and high levels of blood cholesterol as well as the epidemiological evidence. Γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), it is an amino acid that has long been reported to lower blood pressure by intravenous administration in experimental animals and in human subjects. GABA is present in many vegetables and fruits but not in dairy products. GABA was reported to lower blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. It was suggested that low-dose oral GABA has a hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive. Yoghurt beyond its ability to be probiotic food via its culturing with the gut strains, it could further carry more healthy benefits when it was fortified with physiological active ingredients, especially GABA versus ISO preferring, whether, bacteriologically or biochemically, a fortification level of 50 mg ISO/kg or 200 mg GABA/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Fayed
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ahmad A, Hayat I, Arif S, Masud T, Khalid N, Ahmed A. Mechanisms Involved in the Therapeutic Effects of Soybean (Glycine Max). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.714828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert their toxic effect because of an increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection; oxidative stress is rapidly gaining recognition as a key phenomenon in chronic diseases. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves. Endogenous defence mechanisms are inadequate for the complete prevention of oxidative damage, and different sources of dietary antioxidants may be especially important. This article calls attention to the dietary antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols. Compelling evidence has led to the conclusion that diet is a key environmental factor and a potential tool for the control of chronic diseases. More specifically, fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert a protective effect. The high content of minerals and natural antioxidant as vitamins A, C, and E and polyphenols in fruits and vegetables may be a main factor responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Landete
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-IATA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna-Valencia, España.
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Legumes and meat analogues consumption are associated with hip fracture risk independently of meat intake among Caucasian men and women: the Adventist Health Study-2. Public Health Nutr 2013; 17:2333-43. [PMID: 24103482 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to non-vegetarians, vegetarians consume more legumes and meat analogues as sources of protein to substitute for meat intake. The present study aimed to assess the association between foods with high protein content (legumes, meat, meat analogues) by dietary pattern (vegetarians, non-vegetarians) and hip fracture incidence, adjusted for selected lifestyle factors. DESIGN A prospective cohort of Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) enrollees who completed a comprehensive lifestyle and dietary questionnaire between 2002 and 2007. SETTING Every two years after enrolment, a short questionnaire on hospitalizations and selected disease outcomes including hip fractures was sent to these members. SUBJECTS Respondents (n 33,208) to a baseline and a follow-up questionnaire. RESULTS In a multivariable model, legumes intake of once daily or more reduced the risk of hip fracture by 64% (hazard ratio = 0·36, 95% CI 0·21, 0·61) compared with those with legumes intake of less than once weekly. Similarly, meat intake of four or more times weekly was associated with a 40% reduced risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio = 0·60, 95% CI 0·41, 0·87) compared with those whose meat intake was less than once weekly. Furthermore, consumption of meat analogues once daily or more was associated with a 49 % reduced risk of hip fracture (hazard ratio = 0·51, 95% CI 0·27, 0·98) compared with an intake of less than once weekly. CONCLUSIONS Hip fracture incidence was inversely associated with legumes intake and, to a lesser extent, meat intake, after accounting for other food groups and important covariates. Similarly, a high intake of meat analogues was associated with a significantly reduced risk of hip fracture.
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Song L, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li H, Zhou Y. Icariin induces osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization through estrogen receptor-mediated ERK and JNK signal activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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