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Park YS, Jang HM, Park JH, Kim BJ, Park HY, Kim YJ. Evaluating cardiovascular disease risk stratification using multiple-polygenic risk scores and pooled cohort equations: insights from a 17-year longitudinal Korean cohort study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364993. [PMID: 38606355 PMCID: PMC11007088 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the combined efficacy of multi-polygenic risk scores and pooled cohort equations (PCE) for predicting future CVD risks in the Korean population. In this longitudinal study, 7,612 individuals from the Ansan and Ansung cohorts were analyzed over a 17-year follow-up period. The participants were genotyped using the Korea Biobank Array, and quality-controlled genetic data were subjected to imputation analysis. The weighted sum of the PRSs (wPRSsum) was calculated using PRS-CS with summary statistics from myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, coronary artery disease, and hypertension genome-wide association studies. The recalibrated PCE was used to assess clinical risk, and the participants were stratified into risk groups based on the wPRSsum and PCE. Associations between these risk scores and incident CVD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The wPRSsum approach showed a significant association with incident CVD (HR = 1.15, p = 7.49 × 10-5), and the top 20% high-risk genetic group had an HR of 1.50 (p = 5.04 × 10-4). The recalibrated PCE effectively differentiated between the low and high 10-year CVD risk groups, with a marked difference in survival rates. The predictive models constructed using the wPRSsum and PCE demonstrated a slight improvement in prediction accuracy, particularly among males aged <55 years (C-index = 0.640). We demonstrated that while the integration of wPRSsum with PCE did not significantly outperform the PCE-only model (C-index: 0.703 for combined and 0.704 for PCE-only), it provided enhanced stratification of CVD risk. The highest risk group, identified through the combination of high wPRSsum and PCE scores, exhibited an HR of 4.99 for incident CVD (p = 1.45 × 10-15). These findings highlight the potential of integrating genetic risk assessments with traditional clinical tools for effective CVD risk stratification. Although the addition of wPRSsum to the PCE provided a marginal predictive improvement, it proved valuable in identifying high-risk individuals and supporting personalized treatment strategies. This study reinforces the utility of multi-PRS in conjunction with clinical risk assessment tools, paving the way for more tailored approaches for CVD prevention and management in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Seul Park
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed W, Muhammad T, Maurya C, Akhtar SN. Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease: A study based on self-reported chronic heart disease and symptom-based angina pectoris among middle-aged and older Indian adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287455. [PMID: 37379277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the prevalence of heart diseases and angina pectoris and associated factors among middle-aged and older Indian adults. Additionally, the study examined the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease among middle-aged and older adults based on self-reported chronic heart disease (CHD) and symptom-based angina pectoris (AP). METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, 2017-18. The sample consists of 59,854 individuals (27, 769 males and 32,085 females) aged 45 years and above. Maximum likelihood binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between morbidities, other covariates (demographic factors, socio-economic factors and behavioral factors) and heart disease and angina. RESULTS A proportion of 4.16% older males and 3.55% older females reported the diagnosis of heart diseases. A proportion of 4.69% older males and 7.02% older females had symptom-based angina. The odds of having heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive and who had family history of heart disease, and it was higher among those whose cholesterol levels were higher. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol and family history of heart disease were more likely to have angina than their healthy counterparts. The odds of undiagnosed heart disease were lower but the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher among those who were hypertensive than non-hypertensive individuals. Those having diabetes were less likely to have undiagnosed heart disease while among the diabetic people the odds of uncontrolled heart disease were higher. Similarly, higher odds were observed among people with high cholesterol, having stroke and also among those who had a history of heart disease than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided a comparative prevalence of heart disease and agina and their associations with chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in India. The higher prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease and their risk factors among middle-aged and older Indians manisfest alarming public health concerns and future health demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, School of Health Systems Studies, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Saddaf Naaz Akhtar
- Faculty of Social, Human and Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Research on Ageing, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Kim J, Jensen A, Ko S, Raghavan S, Phillips LS, Hung A, Sun Y, Zhou H, Reaven P, Zhou JJ. Systematic Heritability and Heritability Enrichment Analysis for Diabetes Complications in UK Biobank and ACCORD Studies. Diabetes 2022; 71:1137-1148. [PMID: 35133398 PMCID: PMC9044130 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related complications reflect longstanding damage to small and large vessels throughout the body. In addition to the duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control, genetic factors are important contributors to the variability in the development of vascular complications. Early heritability studies found strong familial clustering of both macrovascular and microvascular complications. However, they were limited by small sample sizes and large phenotypic heterogeneity, leading to less accurate estimates. We take advantage of two independent studies-UK Biobank and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial-to survey the single nucleotide polymorphism heritability for diabetes microvascular (diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular events) complications. Heritability for diabetic kidney disease was estimated at 29%. The heritability estimate for microalbuminuria ranged from 24 to 60% and was 41% for macroalbuminuria. Heritability estimates of diabetic retinopathy ranged from 6 to 33%, depending on the phenotype definition. More severe diabetes retinopathy possessed higher genetic contributions. We show, for the first time, that rare variants account for much of the heritability of diabetic retinopathy. This study suggests that a large portion of the genetic risk of diabetes complications is yet to be discovered and emphasizes the need for additional genetic studies of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aubrey Jensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Seyoon Ko
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Lawrence S. Phillips
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Adriana Hung
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Reaven
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Zorkoltseva I, Shadrina A, Belonogova N, Kirichenko A, Tsepilov Y, Axenovich T. In silico genome-wide gene-based association analysis reveals new genes predisposing to coronary artery disease. Clin Genet 2021; 101:78-86. [PMID: 34687547 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) have identified more than 300 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 163 independent loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is no full understanding about the causal genes for CAD and the mechanisms of their action. We aimed to perform a post GWAS analysis to identify genes whose polymorphism may influence the risk of CAD. Using the UK Biobank GWAS summary statistics, we performed a gene-based association analysis. We found 63 genes significantly associated with CAD due to their within-gene polymorphisms. Many of these genes are well known. Some known CAD genes such as FURIN and SORT1 did not show the gene-based association because their variants had low GWAS signals or gene-based association was inflated by the strong GWAS signal outside the gene. For several known CAD genes, we demonstrated that their effects could be explained not only or not at all by their own variants but by the variants within the neighboring genes controlling their expression. Using several bioinformatics techniques, we suggested potential mechanisms underlying gene-CAD associations. Three genes, CDK19, NCALD, and ARHGEF12 were not previously associated with CAD. The role of these genes should be clarified in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zorkoltseva
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Shadrina
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Belonogova
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yakov Tsepilov
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Axenovich
- Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Zhao TY, Lei S, Huang L, Wang YN, Wang XN, Zhou PP, Xu XJ, Zhang L, Xu LW, Yang L. Associations of Genetic Variations in ABCA1 and Lifestyle Factors with Coronary Artery Disease in a Southern Chinese Population with Dyslipidemia: A Nested Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050786. [PMID: 30836684 PMCID: PMC6427557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease has become a major health concern over the past several decades. We aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and lifestyle factors with coronary artery disease (CAD) in dyslipidemia. This nested case-control study included 173 patients with CAD and 500 matched control individuals (1:3, case: control) from a district in southern China. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals with dyslipidemia and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype the SNPs. The CC genotype of the additive and recessive models of rs4149339, together with regular intake of fried foods or dessert, increased the risk of CAD (adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 1.91, p = 0.030; adjusted OR = 1.97, p = 0.017; adjusted OR = 1.80, p = 0.002; adjusted OR = 1.98, p = 0.001). The AT + AA genotype of the dominant model of rs4743763 and moderate/heavy physical activity reduced the risk of CAD (adjusted OR = 0.66, p = 0.030; adjusted OR = 0.44, p = 0.001). The CT + CC genotype of the dominant model of rs2472386 reduced the risk of CAD only in males (adjusted OR = 0.36, p = 0.001). The interaction between rs4149339 and rs4743763 of ABCA1 and haplotype CTT (comprising rs4149339, rs4743763, and rs2472386) appeared to increase the risk of CAD (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 3.19, p = 0.045; OR = 1.49, p = 0.019). Polymorphisms of rs4149339, rs4743763 and rs2472386 in ABCA1 and three lifestyle factors (physical activity, fried food intake, and dessert intake) were associated with CAD in people with dyslipidemia in southern China. These results provide the theoretical basis for gene screening and the prevention of chronic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Zhao
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Song Lei
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Liu Huang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Xiao-Ni Wang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Ping-Pu Zhou
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Liang-Wen Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Motivation, Perception, and Treatment Beliefs in the Myocardial Infarction Genes (MI-GENES) Randomized Clinical Trial. J Genet Couns 2017; 26:1153-1161. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Silventoinen K, Hjelmborg J, Möller S, Ripatti S, Skythe A, Tikkanen E, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Christensen K, Kaprio J. Family aggregation of cardiovascular disease mortality: a register-based prospective study of pooled Nordic twin cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1223-1229. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacob Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- OPEN—Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, UK
| | - Axel Skythe
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatististics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Muñoz M, Pong-Wong R, Canela-Xandri O, Rawlik K, Haley CS, Tenesa A. Evaluating the contribution of genetics and familial shared environment to common disease using the UK Biobank. Nat Genet 2016; 48:980-3. [PMID: 27428752 PMCID: PMC5989924 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have detected many loci underlying susceptibility to disease, but most of the genetic factors that contribute to disease susceptibility remain unknown. Here we provide evidence that part of the 'missing heritability' can be explained by an overestimation of heritability. We estimated the heritability of 12 complex human diseases using family history of disease in 1,555,906 individuals of white ancestry from the UK Biobank. Estimates using simple family-based statistical models were inflated on average by ∼47% when compared with those from structural equation modeling (SEM), which specifically accounted for shared familial environmental factors. In addition, heritabilities estimated using SNP data explained an average of 44.2% of the simple family-based estimates across diseases and an average of 57.3% of the SEM-estimated heritabilities, accounting for almost all of the SEM heritability for hypertension. Our results show that both genetics and familial environment make substantial contributions to familial clustering of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Muñoz
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ricardo Pong-Wong
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Oriol Canela-Xandri
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chris S. Haley
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the MRC Institute of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road
South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Albert Tenesa
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The
University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the MRC Institute of Genetics and
Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road
South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Yoshioka T, Otsui K, Suzuki A, Ozawa T, Iwata S, Takei A, Inoue N. Vasospastic Angina in Identical Twins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2015; 16:598-602. [PMID: 26347942 PMCID: PMC4572720 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.894421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 58 Final Diagnosis: Vasospastic angina Symptoms: Chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Medical treatment Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Otsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toru Ozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Asumi Takei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe Hyogo, Japan
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de Vries PS, Kavousi M, Ligthart S, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Franco OH, Dehghan A. Incremental predictive value of 152 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 10-year risk prediction of incident coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:682-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bai XY, Li S, Wang M, Qu X, Hu G, Xu Z, Chen M, He GW, Wu H. Association of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-2518A>G polymorphism with susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:173-87. [PMID: 25875728 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to systematically elucidate the association between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -2518A>G polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Eligible studies were identified through PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science Databases. The magnitude of MCP-1 polymorphism effect and its possible mode of action on CAD were estimated. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled in a specific genetic model to assess the association. A total of 21 studies were involved. There was significant gene effect on CAD risk in the overall population (likelihood ratio test: p < 0.0001). Patients with GG and AG genotypes had 1.435 (95% CI: 1.183-1.740) and 1.087 (95% CI: 1.008-1.172) times higher risk of CAD than those with AA genotype. These gene effects suggested a recessive model to be appropriate. The pooled OR was 1.362 (95% CI: 1.137-1.631; puncorrected = 0.001, pFDR = 0.005) in the recessive model. In the ethnicity-stratified analysis, significant association was observed in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.492; 95% CI: 1.106-2.014; puncorrected = 0.009, pFDR = 0.015), whereas no statistical significant association was detected in the Asian population (adjusted p = 0.124). The results suggested that MCP-1 -2518A>G polymorphism may be associated with susceptibility to CAD, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Bai
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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12
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Song C, Chang Z, Magnusson PKE, Ingelsson E, Pedersen NL. Genetic factors may play a prominent role in the development of coronary heart disease dependent on important environmental factors. J Intern Med 2014; 275:631-9. [PMID: 24330166 PMCID: PMC4288985 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine whether various lifestyle factors modify genetic influences on coronary heart disease (CHD). DESIGN The effect of lifestyle factors [including smoking, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI)] on risk of CHD was evaluated via Cox regression models in a twin study of gene-environment interaction. Using structure equation modelling, we estimated genetic variance of CHD dependent on lifestyle factors. SUBJECTS In total, 51 065 same-sex twins from 25 715 twin pairs born before 1958 and registered in the Swedish Twin Registry were eligible for this study. During the 40-year follow-up, 7264 incident CHD events were recorded. RESULTS Smoking, sedentary lifestyle and above average BMI were significantly associated with increased CHD incidence. The heritability of CHD decreased with increasing age, as well as with increasing levels of BMI, in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the genetic component of CHD as a function of BMI suggests that genetic factors may play a more prominent role for disease development in the absence of important environmental factors. Increased knowledge of gene-environment interactions will be important for a full understanding of the aetiology of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Common Sources of Bias in Gene–Lifestyle Interaction Studies of Cardiometabolic Disease. Curr Nutr Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-013-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Tu X, Nie S, Liao Y, Zhang H, Fan Q, Xu C, Bai Y, Wang F, Ren X, Tang T, Xia N, Li S, Huang Y, Liu J, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Lv Q, Li Q, Li Y, Xia Y, Qian J, Li B, Wu G, Wu Y, Yang Y, Wang QK, Cheng X. The IL-33-ST2L pathway is associated with coronary artery disease in a Chinese Han population. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:652-60. [PMID: 24075188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of interleukin-33 (IL-33) on the immune system have been clearly demonstrated; however, in cardiovascular diseases, especially in coronary artery disease (CAD), these effects have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigate the genetic role of the IL-33-ST2L pathway in CAD. We performed three-stage case-control association analyses on a total of 4,521 individuals with CAD and 4,809 controls via tag SNPs in the genes encoding IL-33 and ST2L-IL-1RL1. One tag SNP in each gene was significantly associated with CAD (rs7025417(T) in IL33, padj = 1.19 × 10(-28), OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.31-1.47; rs11685424(G) in IL1RL1, padj = 6.93 × 10(-30), OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.32-1.48). Combining significant variants in two genes, the risk for CAD increased nearly 5-fold (padj = 8.90 × 10(-21), OR = 4.98, 95% CI: 3.56-6.97). Traditional risk factors for CAD were adjusted for the association studies by SPSS with logistic regression analysis. With the two variants above, both located within the gene promoter regions, reporter gene analysis indicated that the rs7025417 C>T and rs11685424 A>G changes resulted in altered regulation of IL33 and IL1RL1 gene expression, respectively (p < 0.005). Further studies revealed that the rs7025417 genotype was significantly associated with plasma IL-33 levels in the detectable subjects (n = 227, R(2) = 0.276, p = 1.77 × 10(-17)): the level of IL-33 protein increased with the number of rs7025417 risk (T) alleles. Based on genetic evidence in humans, the IL-33-ST2L pathway appears to have a causal role in the development of CAD, highlighting this pathway as a valuable target for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Bolton JL, Stewart MCW, Wilson JF, Anderson N, Price JF. Improvement in prediction of coronary heart disease risk over conventional risk factors using SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57310. [PMID: 23468967 PMCID: PMC3584137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether a panel of SNPs, systematically selected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), could improve risk prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD), over-and-above conventional risk factors. These SNPs have already demonstrated reproducible associations with CHD; here we examined their use in long-term risk prediction. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING SNPs identified from meta-analyses of GWAS of CHD were tested in 840 men and women aged 55-75 from the Edinburgh Artery Study, a prospective, population-based study with 15 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the addition of SNPs to conventional risk factors in prediction of CHD risk. CHD was classified as myocardial infarction (MI), coronary intervention (angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass surgery), angina and/or unspecified ischaemic heart disease as a cause of death; additional analyses were limited to MI or coronary intervention. Model performance was assessed by changes in discrimination and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS There were significant improvements with addition of 27 SNPs to conventional risk factors for prediction of CHD (NRI of 54%, P<0.001; C-index 0.671 to 0.740, P = 0.001), as well as MI or coronary intervention, (NRI of 44%, P<0.001; C-index 0.717 to 0.750, P = 0.256). ROC curves showed that addition of SNPs better improved discrimination when the sensitivity of conventional risk factors was low for prediction of MI or coronary intervention. CONCLUSION There was significant improvement in risk prediction of CHD over 15 years when SNPs identified from GWAS were added to conventional risk factors. This effect may be particularly useful for identifying individuals with a low prognostic index who are in fact at increased risk of disease than indicated by conventional risk factors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bolton
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, Teviot Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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16
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Nielsen CS, Knudsen GP, Steingrímsdóttir ÓA. Twin studies of pain. Clin Genet 2012; 82:331-40. [PMID: 22823509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies provide a method for estimating the heritability of phenotypes and for examining genetic and environmental relationships between phenotypes. We conducted a systematic review of twin studies of pain, including both clinical and experimental pain phenotypes. Fifty-six papers were included, whereof 52 addressed clinical phenotypes. Of the most comprehensively studied phenotypes, available data indicates heritability around 50% for migraine, tension-type headache and chronic widespread pain, around 35% for back and neck pain, and around 25% for irritable bowel syndrome. However, differences in phenotype definitions make these results somewhat uncertain. All clinical studies relied on dichotomous outcomes and none used pain intensity as continuous phenotype. This is a major weakness of the reviewed studies and gives reason to question their validity with respect to pain mechanisms. Experimental pain studies indicate large differences in heritability across pain modalities. Whereas there is evidence for substantial common genetic risk across many clinical pain conditions, different experimental pain phenotypes appear to be associated with different genetic factors. Recommendations for future research include inclusion of pain intensity scaling and number of pain sites in phenotyping. Furthermore, studies examining the genetic relationships between pain phenotypes, in particular between clinical and experimental phenotypes, should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Nielsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Su S, Votaw J, Faber T, Khan D, Bremner JD, Goldberg J, Nichols K, Van Tosh A, Vaccarino V. Measurement of heritability of myocardial blood flow by positron emission tomography: the Twins Heart Study. Heart 2012; 98:495-9. [PMID: 22323242 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the heritability of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) measured with positron emission tomography (PET). DESIGN Cross-sectional twin study. SETTING General clinical research centre of a university hospital at Atlanta, USA. PATIENTS A sample of 180 middle-aged (mean±SD 55±2.9 years) male twins, including 107 monozygotic and 73 dizygotic twins. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All twins underwent imaging of MBF with PET (13)NH(3) at rest and after adenosine stress during a single imaging session. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the heritability of MBF at rest and during adenosine stress, as well as of CFR. RESULTS The basal MBF (mean±SD) was 0.69±0.20 ml/min/g, and the MBF during adenosine stress was 1.70±0.49 ml/min/g; the CFR was 2.62±0.99. There was substantial heritability for MBF both at rest (0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.64) and during adenosine stress (0.51, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.68), as well as CFR (0.48, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.65). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a substantial genetic contribution to the interindividual variation in MBF and CFR measured with PET in middle-aged men has been demonstrated. The data suggest that a fruitful direction for future work would be the identification of genetic variants for early atherosclerotic stages assessed by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Peden JF, Farrall M. Thirty-five common variants for coronary artery disease: the fruits of much collaborative labour. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:R198-205. [PMID: 21875899 PMCID: PMC3179381 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Affected individuals cluster in families in patterns that reflect the sharing of numerous susceptibility genes. Genome-wide and large-scale gene-centric genotyping studies that involve tens of thousands of cases and controls have now mapped common disease variants to 34 distinct loci. Some coronary disease common variants show allelic heterogeneity or copy number variation. Some of the loci include candidate genes that imply conventional or emerging risk factor-mediated mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Quantitative trait loci associations with risk factors have been informative in Mendelian randomization studies as well as fine-mapping of causative variants. But, for most loci, plausible mechanistic links are uncertain or obscure at present but provide potentially novel directions for research into this disease's pathogenesis. The common variants explain ~4% of inter-individual variation in disease risk and no more than 13% of the total heritability of coronary disease. Although many CAD genes are presently undiscovered, it is likely that larger collaborative genome-wide association studies will map further common/low-penetrance variants and hoped that low-frequency or rare high-penetrance variants will also be identified in medical resequencing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Farrall
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Wahlgren CM, Larsson E, Magnusson PK, Hultgren R, Swedenborg J. Genetic and environmental contributions to abdominal aortic aneurysm development in a twin population. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51:3-7; discussion 7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Fiske A, Gatz M. Major depression and coronary artery disease in the Swedish twin registry: phenotypic, genetic, and environmental sources of comorbidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:857-63. [PMID: 19652125 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Major depresssion (MD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently co-occur. The mechanisms of comorbidity are uncertain. OBJECTIVE To clarify sources of MD-CAD comorbidity. DESIGN Major depression was assessed at the time of the personal interview, and CAD from hospital discharge records and death certificates. SETTING Swedish population-based twin registry. PARTICIPANTS The study included 30 374 twins with a mean age of 57 years. Main Outcome Measure Modified DSM-IV diagnosis of MD or diagnosis of CAD. RESULTS Lifetime association between MD and CAD was modest (odds ratio, approximately 1.3). In time-dependent Cox analyses, onset of CAD produced concurrent and ongoing hazard ratios for MD of 2.83 and 1.75. These risks increased if the diagnosis of CAD was restricted to myocardial infarction. Onset of MD increased the concurrent and ongoing hazard ratios for CAD to 2.53 and 1.17. The ongoing CAD risk was strongly associated with depressive severity and recurrence. Twin models showed that the modest comorbidity between MD and CAD in women arose primarily from shared genetic effects, although the genetic correlation was small (+0.16). In men, the source of comorbidity was moderated by age, being environmental in older members and largely genetic in younger members of the sample. CONCLUSIONS Although the MD-CAD relationship across the lifespan is modest, time-dependent models reveal stronger associations. The sustained effect of CAD onset on MD risk is much stronger than vice versa. The effect of MD on CAD is largely acute, and the longer-term effects are apparently mediated via depressive recurrence. When examined separately, in men, environmental effects, which are often acute, play a large role in MD-CAD comorbidity, whereas in women, chronic effects, which are in part genetic, are more important. In men, genetic sources of MD-CAD comorbidity are more important in younger members of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0126, USA.
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van der Net JB, Janssens ACJW, Sijbrands EJG, Steyerberg EW. Value of genetic profiling for the prediction of coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 2009; 158:105-10. [PMID: 19540399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in high-throughput genomics facilitate the identification of novel genetic susceptibility variants for coronary heart disease (CHD). This may improve CHD risk prediction. The aim of the present simulation study was to investigate to what degree CHD risk can be predicted by testing multiple genetic variants (genetic profiling). METHODS We simulated genetic profiles for a population of 100,000 individuals with a 10-year CHD incidence of 10%. For each combination of model parameters (number of variants, genotype frequency and odds ratio [OR]), we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to indicate the discrimination between individuals who will and will not develop CHD. RESULTS The AUC of genetic profiles could rise to 0.90 when 100 hypothetical variants with ORs of 1.5 and genotype frequencies of 50% were simulated. The AUC of a genetic profile consisting of 10 established variants, with ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.42, was 0.59. When 2, 5, and 10 times as many identical variants would be identified, the AUCs were 0.63, 0.69, and 0.76. CONCLUSION To obtain AUCs similar to those of conventional CHD risk predictors, a considerable number of additional common genetic variants need to be identified with preferably strong effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B van der Net
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 50-60, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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