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Bhat SZ, Salvatori R. Current role of pasireotide in the treatment of acromegaly. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 38:101875. [PMID: 38290866 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2024.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
"First-generation" somatostatin receptor agonists (SSTRAs) octreotide and lanreotide are the most commonly used first-line pharmacological therapy for patients with acromegaly. A subset of patients respond only partially or not at all to the first-generation SSTRA, necessitating the use of additional pharmacological agents or other modes of therapy. Pasireotide is a "second-generation" SSTRA that has multi-receptor activity. Prospective studies have shown promise in the use of pasireotide in patients with poor response to first-generation SSTRA. Here we elucidate the molecular pathways of resistance to first-generation SSTRA, the mechanism of action, pre-clinical and clinical evidence of the use of pasireotide in patients having incomplete / lack of response to first-generation SSTRA. We also discuss the clinical, pathological, and radiological markers predicting response to pasireotide, and the difference in side-effect profiles of pasireotide, compared to first-generation SSTRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zahoor Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Tidal Health Endocrinology, Salisbury, MD, USA.
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Flores-Espinoza E, Thomsen ARB. Beneath the surface: endosomal GPCR signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:520-531. [PMID: 38643023 PMCID: PMC11162320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located at the cell surface bind extracellular ligands and convey intracellular signals via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Traditionally, G protein signaling was viewed to occur exclusively at this subcellular region followed by rapid desensitization facilitated by β-arrestin (βarr)-mediated G protein uncoupling and receptor internalization. However, emerging evidence over the past 15 years suggests that these βarr-mediated events do not necessarily terminate receptor signaling and that some GPCRs continue to activate G proteins after having been internalized into endosomes. Here, we review the recently elucidated mechanistic basis underlying endosomal GPCR signaling and discuss physiological implications and pharmacological targeting of this newly appreciated signaling mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Flores-Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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3
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Tamura YO, Sugama J, Abe SI, Shimizu Y, Hirose H, Watanabe M. Selective somatostatin receptor 5 inhibition improves hepatic insulin sensitivity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01043. [PMID: 36585794 PMCID: PMC9803904 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence. Somatostatin (SST), a peptide hormone, regulates hormone secretion via five SST receptor (SSTR) subtypes (SSTR1-5) in a tissue-specific manner. As SSTR5 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells and intestinal L-cells, studies have suggested that SSTR5 regulates glucose tolerance through insulin and incretin secretion, thereby having a prominent role in diabetes. Moreover, SSTR5 knockout (KO) mice display enhanced insulin sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of SSTR5 blockade on insulin resistance and the target organ using SSTR5 KO mice and a selective SSTR5 antagonist (compound-1). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed SSTR5 KO mice exhibited significantly lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than HFD-fed wild-type mice. Two-week oral administration of compound-1 dose-dependently and significantly reduced changes in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR in male KK-Ay /Ta Jcl mice (KK-Ay mice), a model of obese type 2 diabetes with severe insulin resistance. Additionally, compound-1 significantly increased the glucose infusion rate while decreasing hepatic glucose production in male KK-Ay mice, as evidenced by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analyses. In addition, compound-1 ameliorated the insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation suppression by octreotide in the liver of male C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that selective SSTR5 inhibition can improve insulin sensitivity by enhancing liver insulin action; thus, selective SSTR5 antagonists represent potentially novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Okano Tamura
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jun Sugama
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirose
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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4
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He JH, Wang J, Yang YZ, Chen QX, Liu LL, Sun L, Hu WM, Zeng J. SSTR2 is a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target in glioma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11223-11234. [PMID: 34786053 PMCID: PMC8581926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant central nervous system tumors among all tumors occurring in the brain and spinal cord. The poor outcome of glioma requires the discovery of novel biomarkers with potential therapeutic value. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) represents a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in many cancers, such as meningioma and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, the relationship of SSTR2 and glioma was unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression of SSTR2 and assess its prognostic and potential therapeutic value in a large cohort of patients with WHO grade I to IV glioma from a single Chinese center. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SSTR2 was highly expressed in 23.84% (72 of 302) of glioma (I-IV grade) samples. Among all glioma subtypes, high SSTR2 expression was detected mainly in oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma, whereas SSTR2 was expressed at a low level, or not at all, in glioblastoma. Western blotting also confirmed the low expression of SSTR2 in glioblastoma cell lines. Statistical analysis showed that SSTR2 protein expression correlated significantly with WHO grade, the location of the tumor, epilepsy syndrome, mitosis (PHH3), proliferation index (Ki-67), IDH and 1p/19q-codeleted status. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that SSTR2 high expression was a good prognostic factor in glioma. In summary, this study demonstrated that SSTR2 might be a valuable prognostic factor and therapeutic target in certain glioma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua He
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Qun-Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou, China
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5
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Thibault B, Ramos‐Delgado F, Pons‐Tostivint E, Therville N, Cintas C, Arcucci S, Cassant‐Sourdy S, Reyes‐Castellanos G, Tosolini M, Villard AV, Cayron C, Baer R, Bertrand‐Michel J, Pagan D, Ferreira Da Mota D, Yan H, Falcomatà C, Muscari F, Bournet B, Delord J, Aksoy E, Carrier A, Cordelier P, Saur D, Basset C, Guillermet‐Guibert J. Pancreatic cancer intrinsic PI3Kα activity accelerates metastasis and rewires macrophage component. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13502. [PMID: 34033220 PMCID: PMC8261517 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients frequently suffer from undetected micro-metastatic disease. This clinical situation would greatly benefit from additional investigation. Therefore, we set out to identify key signalling events that drive metastatic evolution from the pancreas. We searched for a gene signature that discriminate localised PDAC from confirmed metastatic PDAC and devised a preclinical protocol using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as an early biomarker of micro-metastatic disease to validate the identification of key signalling events. An unbiased approach identified, amongst actionable markers of disease progression, the PI3K pathway and a distinctive PI3Kα activation signature as predictive of PDAC aggressiveness and prognosis. Pharmacological or tumour-restricted genetic PI3Kα-selective inhibition prevented macro-metastatic evolution by hindering tumoural cell migratory behaviour independently of genetic alterations. We found that PI3Kα inhibition altered the quantity and the species composition of the produced lipid second messenger PIP3 , with a selective decrease of C36:2 PI-3,4,5-P3 . Tumoural PI3Kα inactivation prevented the accumulation of pro-tumoural CD206-positive macrophages in the tumour-adjacent tissue. Tumour cell-intrinsic PI3Kα promotes pro-metastatic features that could be pharmacologically targeted to delay macro-metastatic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Thibault
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Fernanda Ramos‐Delgado
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Elvire Pons‐Tostivint
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Nicole Therville
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Celia Cintas
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Stephanie Cassant‐Sourdy
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | | | - Marie Tosolini
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Amelie V Villard
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Coralie Cayron
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | - Romain Baer
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
| | | | - Delphine Pagan
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Dina Ferreira Da Mota
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Hongkai Yan
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Fabrice Muscari
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Delord
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Alice Carrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, CRCMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer TherapyKlinikum rechts der IsarSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Celine Basset
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse – Oncopole (IUCT‐O)Hopitaux de ToulouseInstitut Claudius Regaud ToulouseFrance
| | - Julie Guillermet‐Guibert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseInserm, CNRSUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- LABEX TouCANToulouseFrance
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6
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Di-Luoffo M, Ben-Meriem Z, Lefebvre P, Delarue M, Guillermet-Guibert J. PI3K functions as a hub in mechanotransduction. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:878-888. [PMID: 34112586 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells integrate different types of stimuli that govern their fate. These stimuli encompass biochemical as well as biomechanical cues (shear, tensile, and compressive stresses) that are usually studied separately. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes, producing signaling phosphoinositides at plasma and intracellular membranes, are key in intracellular signaling and vesicular trafficking pathways. Recent evidence in cancer research demonstrates that these enzymes are essential in mechanotransduction. Despite this, the importance of the integration of biomechanical cues and PI3K-driven biochemical signals is underestimated. In this opinion article, we make the hypothesis that modeling of biomechanical cues is critical to understand PI3K oncogenicity. We also identify known/missing knowledge in terms of isoform specificity and molecular pathways of activation, knowledge that is needed for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di-Luoffo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U5071, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire D'analyse et D'architectures Des Systems (LAAS)-CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Toulouse, France
| | - Z Ben-Meriem
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U5071, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire D'analyse et D'architectures Des Systems (LAAS)-CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Toulouse, France
| | - P Lefebvre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U5071, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire D'analyse et D'architectures Des Systems (LAAS)-CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Toulouse, France
| | - M Delarue
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U5071, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire D'analyse et D'architectures Des Systems (LAAS)-CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Toulouse, France
| | - J Guillermet-Guibert
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1037, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) U5071, Toulouse, France; TouCAN (Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer), Toulouse, France.
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7
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Vitali E, Piccini S, Trivellin G, Smiroldo V, Lavezzi E, Zerbi A, Pepe G, Lania AG. The impact of SST2 trafficking and signaling in the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111226. [PMID: 33675866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs), are heterogeneous neoplasms, whose incidence and prevalence are increasing worldwide. Pan-NETs are characterized by the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTs). In particular, SST2 is the most widely distributed SST in NETs, thus representing the main molecular target for somatostatin analogs (SSAs). SSAs are currently approved for the treatment of well-differentiated NETs, and radionuclide-labeled SSAs are used for diagnostic and treatment purposes. SSAs, by binding to SSTs, have been shown to inhibit hormone secretion and thus provide control of hypersecretion symptoms, when present, and inhibit tumor proliferation. After SSA binding to SST2, the fate of the receptor is determined by trafficking mechanisms, crucial for the response to endogenous or pharmacological ligands. Although SST2 acts mostly through G protein-dependent mechanism, receptor-ligand complex endocytosis and receptor trafficking further regulate its function. SST2 mediates the decrease of hormone secretion via a G protein-dependent mechanism, culminating with the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and calcium channels; it also inhibits cell proliferation and increases apoptosis through the modulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Moreover, SST2 inhibits angiogenesis and cell migration. In this respect, the cross-talk between SST2 and its interacting proteins, including Filamin A (FLNA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP), plays a crucial role for SST2 signaling and responsiveness to SSAs. This review will focus on recent studies from our and other groups that have investigated the trafficking and signaling of SST2 in Pan-NETs, in order to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor responsiveness to pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - S Piccini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Trivellin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - V Smiroldo
- Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - E Lavezzi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; Pancreas Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - G Pepe
- Nuclear Medicine Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - A G Lania
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy; Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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8
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β-Ionone Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Suppression of Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050619. [PMID: 33919331 PMCID: PMC8143342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major contributing factor of skin aging, which is clinically characterized by wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and dryness. In particular, glucocorticoids are generally considered key hormones for promoting stress-induced skin aging through binding to glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). In this work, we aimed to investigate whether β-ionone (a compound occurring in various foods such as carrots and almonds) attenuates dexamethasone-induced suppression of collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts, and to explore the mechanisms involved. We found that β-ionone promoted collagen production dose-dependently and increased mRNA expression levels, including collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) and COL1A2 in dexamethasone-treated human dermal fibroblasts. It also raised hyaluronic acid synthase mRNA expression and hyaluronic acid levels. Notably, β-ionone inhibited cortisol binding to GR, subsequent dexamethasone-induced GR signaling, and the expression of several GR target genes. Our results reveal the strong potential of β-ionone for preventing stress-induced skin aging and suggest that its effects are related to the inhibition of GR signaling in human dermal fibroblasts.
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9
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Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
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10
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Targeting autophagy to modulate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: A comparative study between octreotide and melatonin as autophagy modulators through AMPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/ULK1 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173920. [PMID: 33571535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury is a common pathophysiological process in many clinical settings. This study was designed to compare the protective role of octreotide (somatostatin analogue, OCT) and melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MLT) through the modulation of autophagy against HIR injury in rats. Male albino rats were divided into sham, HIR, OCT at three doses (50, 75, and 100 μg/kg), MLT, MLT + OCT75, compound C (AMPK inhibitor, CC), and CC + OCT75 groups. Ischemia was induced for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. Biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, lipid peroxidation, ELISA, qPCR, and western blot techniques were performed in our study. Liver autophagy was restored by OCT at doses (50 or 75 μg/kg) as indicated by elevating the expressions of Beclin-1, ATG7, and LC3 accompanied by the reduction of p62 expression through induction of AMPK/S317-ULK1 and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S757-ULK1 signaling pathways. As well, OCT maintained the integrity of the Keap1-Nrf2 system for the normal hepatic functions via controlling the Keap1 turnover through autophagy in a p62-dependent manner, resulting in upholding a series of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory cascades. These effects were abolished by compound C. On the other hand, MLT showed a decrease in the autophagy markers via inhibiting AMPK/pS317-ULK1 and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/pS757-ULK1 pathways. Autophagy inhibition with MLT markedly reversed the hepatoprotective effects of OCT75 after HIR injury. Finally, our results proved for the first time that OCT75 was more effective than MLT as it was sufficient to induce protective autophagy in our HIR model, which led to the induction of Nrf2-dependent AMPK/autophagy pathways.
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11
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Yin X, Wang P, Yang T, Li G, Teng X, Huang W, Yu H. Identification of key modules and genes associated with breast cancer prognosis using WGCNA and ceRNA network analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2519-2538. [PMID: 33318294 PMCID: PMC7880379 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in women worldwide and has become a major public health problem. Although the definitive cause of breast cancer is not known, many genes sensitive to breast cancer have been detected using advanced technologies. Our study identified 3301 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between tumor and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Based on the gene expression analysis and clinical traits as well as weighted gene co-expression network analysis, the co-expression Brown module was found to be key for breast cancer prognosis. A total of 453 genes in the Brown module were used for functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction analysis, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA network construction. GRM4, SSTR2, PARD6B, PRR15, COX6C, and lncRNA DSCAM-AS1 were the hub genes according to protein-protein interaction, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA network. Their high expression was found to be correlated with breast cancer development, according to multiple databases. In conclusion, this study provides a framework of the co-expression gene modules of breast cancer and identifies several important biomarkers in breast cancer development and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Wu W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Lou J, Deng Y, Zhao P, Shao A. Clinical Significance of Somatostatin Receptor (SSTR) 2 in Meningioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1633. [PMID: 33014821 PMCID: PMC7494964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2, widely expressed in meningioma, is a G-protein-coupled receptor and can be activated by somatostatin or its synthetic analogs. SSTR2 is therefore extensively studied as a marker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of meningioma. Accumulating studies have revealed the crucial clinical significance of SSTR2 in meningioma. Summarizing the progress of these studies is urgently needed as it may not only provide novel and better management for patients with meningioma but also indicate the direction of future research. Pertinent literature is reviewed to summarize the recent collective knowledge and understanding of SSTR2’s clinical significance in meningioma in this review. SSTR2 offers novel ideas and approaches in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction for meningioma, but more and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang J, Zhang N, Peng M, Hua X, Huang C, Tian Z, Xie Q, Zhu J, Li J, Huang H, Huang C. p85α Inactivates MMP-2 and Suppresses Bladder Cancer Invasion by Inhibiting MMP-14 Transcription and TIMP-2 Degradation. Neoplasia 2019; 21:908-920. [PMID: 31401412 PMCID: PMC6700442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show p85α up-regulates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, thereby promoting malignant cell transformation and migration in normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). However, the potential role of p85α in human bladder cancer (BC) remains unknown. Here, we show that p85α is down-regulated in BC tumor tissues. Ectopic expression of p85α inhibited cell invasion, but not migration, whereas p85α knockdown promoted invasion in BC cells, revealing that p85α inhibits BC invasion. Overexpression of kinase-deficient p110 in T24 T(p85α) cells inhibited BC cell migration, but not invasion, suggesting that the inhibition of p85α on invasion is independent of PI3K activity. The effect of p85α on inhibiting BC invasion was mediated by the inactivation of MMP-2 concomitant with the up-regulation of TIMP-2 and down-regulation of MMP-14. Mechanistic studies revealed c-Jun inactivation was associated with p85α knockdown-induced MMP-14 expression, and down-regulated miR-190, leading to ATG7 mRNA degradation. This suppressed the autophagy-dependent removal of TIMP-2 in human BC cells. The present results identify a novel function of p85α and clarify the mechanisms underlying its inhibition of BC invasion, providing insight into the role of p85α in normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Ning Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Minggang Peng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 325035.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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14
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Günther T, Tulipano G, Dournaud P, Bousquet C, Csaba Z, Kreienkamp HJ, Lupp A, Korbonits M, Castaño JP, Wester HJ, Culler M, Melmed S, Schulz S. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CV. Somatostatin Receptors: Structure, Function, Ligands, and New Nomenclature. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 70:763-835. [PMID: 30232095 PMCID: PMC6148080 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.015388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its physiologic functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called somatostatin receptor (SST)1-5. These five receptors share common structural features and signaling mechanisms but differ in their cellular and subcellular localization and mode of regulation. SST2 and SST5 receptors have evolved as primary targets for pharmacological treatment of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, SST2 is a prototypical GPCR for the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 25 years on the physiology, pharmacology, and clinical applications related to SSTs. We also discuss potential future developments and propose a new nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Günther
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dournaud
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Zsolt Csaba
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Michael Culler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany (T.G., A.L., S.S.); Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.T.); PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (P.D., Z.C.); Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (C.B.); Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (H.-J.K.); Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (M.K.); Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain (J.P.C.); Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (H.-J.W.); Culler Consulting LLC, Hopkinton, Massachusetts (M.C.); and Pituitary Center, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (S.M.)
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15
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Kumar Nagarajan S, Babu S, Sohn H, Devaraju P, Madhavan T. Toward a better understanding of the interaction between somatostatin receptor 2 and its ligands: a structural characterization study using molecular dynamics and conceptual density functional theory. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3081-3102. [PMID: 30079808 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1508368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is a part of the extensive research intending to provide the structural insights on somatostatin and its receptor. Herein, we have studied the structural complexity involved in the binding of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) with its agonists and antagonist. A 3D QSAR study based on comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) discerned that a SSTR2 ligand with electronegative, less-bulkier, and hydrogen atom donating/accepting substitutions is important for their biological activity. A conceptual density functional theory (DFT) study was followed to study the chemical behavior of the ligands based on the molecular descriptors derived using the Fukui's molecular orbital theory. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of receptor-ligand complexes for 100 ns to analyze the dynamic stability of the backbone Cα atoms of the receptor and strength and approachability of the receptor-ligand complex. The findings of this study could be efficacious in the further studies understanding intricate structural features of the somatostatin receptors and in discovering novel subtype-specific ligands with higher affinity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar Nagarajan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Sathya Babu
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
| | - Honglae Sohn
- b Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials , Chosun University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- c Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology , Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research , Pondicherry , India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- a Department of Genetic Engineering School of Bioengineering , SRM Institute of Science and Technology , Kattankulathur, Chennai , India
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Somatostatin Analogue Treatment Primarily Induce miRNA Expression Changes and Up-Regulates Growth Inhibitory miR-7 and miR-148a in Neuroendocrine Cells. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070337. [PMID: 29973528 PMCID: PMC6070923 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) analogues are used to control the proliferation and symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate posttranscriptional gene expression. We wanted to characterize the miRNAs operating under the control of SST to elucidate to what extent they mediate STT actions. NCI-H727 carcinoid cell line was treated with either a chimeric SST/dopamine analogue; a SST or dopamine analogue for proliferation assays and for identifying differentially expressed miRNAs using miRNA microarray. The miRNAs induced by SST analogue treatment are investigated in carcinoid cell lines NCI-H727 and CNDT2 using in situ hybridization, qPCR and proliferation assays. SST analogues inhibited the growth of carcinoid cells more potently compared to the dopamine analogue. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the samples based on miRNA expression clearly separated the samples based on treatment. Two miRNAs which were highly induced by SST analogues, miR-7 and miR-148a, were shown to inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H727 and CNDT2 cells. SST analogues also produced a general up-regulation of the let-7 family members. SST analogues control and induce distinct miRNA expression patterns among which miR-7 and miR-148a both have growth inhibitory properties.
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17
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Mohamed A, Romano D, Saveanu A, Roche C, Albertelli M, Barbieri F, Brue T, Niccoli P, Delpero JR, Garcia S, Ferone D, Florio T, Moutardier V, Poizat F, Barlier A, Gerard C. Anti-proliferative and anti-secretory effects of everolimus on human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors primary cultures: is there any benefit from combination with somatostatin analogs? Oncotarget 2017; 8:41044-41063. [PMID: 28454119 PMCID: PMC5522327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) is challenging. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus recently obtained approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Despite its promising antitumor efficacy observed in cell lines, clinical benefit for patients is unsatisfactory. The limited therapeutic potential of everolimus in cancer cells has been attributed to Akt activation due to feedback loops relief following mTOR inhibition. Combined inhibition of Akt might then improve everolimus antitumoral effect. In this regard, the somatostatin analog (SSA) octreotide has been shown to repress the PI3K/Akt pathway in some tumor cell lines. Moreover, SSAs are well tolerated and routinely used to reduce symptoms caused by peptide release in patients carrying functional GEP-NETs. We have recently established and characterized primary cultures of human pNETs and demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects of both octreotide and pasireotide. In this study, we aim at determining the antitumor efficacy of everolimus alone or in combination with the SSAs octreotide and pasireotide in primary cultures of pNETs. Everolimus reduced both Chromogranin A secretion and cell viability and upregulated Akt activity in single treatment. Its anti-proliferative and anti-secretory efficacy was not improved combined with the SSAs. Both SSAs did not overcome everolimus-induced Akt upregulation. Furthermore, caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by SSAs was lost in combined treatments. These molecular events provide the first evidence supporting the lack of marked benefit in patients co-treated with everolimus and SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France
- APHM, Conception Hospital, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - David Romano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandru Saveanu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France
- APHM, Conception Hospital, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Roche
- APHM, Conception Hospital, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Manuela Albertelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Thierry Brue
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France
- APHM, Conception Hospital, Endocrinology Department, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Niccoli
- Paoli Calmettes Cancer Institute, Oncology Department, IPC CoE-ENETS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Robert Delpero
- Paoli Calmettes Cancer Institute, Surgery Department, IPC CoE-ENETS, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- APHM, North Hospital, Pathology Laboratory, Marseille, France
| | - Diego Ferone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Flora Poizat
- Paoli Calmettes Cancer Institute, Biopathology Department, IPC CoE-ENETS, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRN2M, Marseille, France
- APHM, Conception Hospital, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Marseille, France
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Adriamycin in combination with dexamethasone and octreotide lacks activity on the treatment of a 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:489-502. [PMID: 28272098 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the palliative treatment for metastatic disease with dexamethasone (DEX) plus octreotide (OCT) can improve the anticancer effects of the standard treatment with adriamycin (ADR) on a 4T1 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) model. 4T1 cells were first characterized for the expression of the somatostatin receptors 1-5 and were then inoculated onto the femur of BALB/C mice. Investigation protocols used 4T1 cell proliferation and invasion assays, analysis of radiographic images of the bone metastatic lesions, and overall survival of the diseased animals. The triple combination treatment regime (ADR+OCT+DEX) was ineffective for growth inhibition and showed an antagonistic effect on ADR activity in the 4T1 cell line in both proliferation and invasion assays. ADR treatment following the administration of the DEX+OCT regimen decreased the anticancer activity of ADR both on the grading of the bone metastatic lesions and on the overall survival of diseased animals. Moreover, the palliation treatment with OCT+DEX and in combination with ADR rather caused disease progression of the metastatic disease and bone lesions in a 4T1 MBC model in vivo. These results suggest that the administration of the DEX+OCT regimen, although may preserve palliative effects, neutralizes or reverses the anticancer effects of ADR on a 4T1 MBC model in vitro and in vivo. The simultaneous use of these drugs should be considered carefully in clinical practice.
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Octreotide Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury after Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion by Enhancing Autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42701. [PMID: 28205545 PMCID: PMC5311976 DOI: 10.1038/srep42701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Octreotide exerts a protective effect in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury. However, whether octreotide preconditioning could also reduce acute kidney injury (AKI) after HIR is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of octreotide in AKI after HIR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with octreotide or octreotide combined with 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor, 3MA). Plasma creatinine, inflammation markers (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6 etc.), apoptosis, autophagy and phosphorylation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (Akt/mTOR/p70S6K) in the kidney were measured after 60 minutes of liver ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion for each rat. Octreotide pretreatment significantly preserved renal function and reduced the severity of renal injury. Moreover, octreotide alleviated inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney after HIR. Additionally, octreotide induced autophagy and autophagy inhibition with 3MA markedly reversed the renoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of octreotide after HIR. Finally, octreotide abrogated the activation of phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K in the kidney after HIR. Our results indicate that octreotide reduced renal injury after HIR due to its induction of autophagy. The enhancement of autophagy may be potentially linked to the octreotide mediated Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway deactivation and reduction of kidney inflammation and apoptosis after HIR.
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Graillon T, Romano D, Defilles C, Saveanu A, Mohamed A, Figarella-Branger D, Roche PH, Fuentes S, Chinot O, Dufour H, Barlier A. Octreotide therapy in meningiomas: in vitro study, clinical correlation, and literature review. J Neurosurg 2016; 127:660-669. [PMID: 27982767 DOI: 10.3171/2016.8.jns16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningiomas express somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST2), which is targeted by the somatostatin analog octreotide. However, to date, using somatostatin analog therapy for the treatment of these tumors in clinical practice has been debated. This study aims to clarify the in vitro effects of octreotide on meningiomas for precise clinical applications. METHODS The effects of octreotide were analyzed in a large series of 80 meningiomas, including 31 World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II and 4 WHO Grade III tumors, using fresh primary cell cultures to study the impact on cell viability, apoptosis, and signal transduction pathways. RESULTS SST2 mRNA was detected in 100% of the tested meningiomas at levels similar to those observed in other SST2-expressing tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, or pituitary adenomas. Octreotide significantly decreased cell proliferation in 88% of meningiomas but did not induce cell death. On average, cell proliferation was more inhibited in the meningioma group expressing a high level of SST2 than in the low-SST2 group. Moreover, octreotide response was positively correlated to the level of merlin protein and inversely correlated to the level of phosphorylated p70-S6 kinase, a downstream effector of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Octreotide inhibited Akt phosphorylation and activated tyrosine phosphatase without impacting the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Octreotide acts exclusively as an antiproliferative agent and does not promote apoptosis in meningioma in vitro. Therefore, in vivo, octreotide is likely to limit tumor growth rather than induce tumor shrinkage. A meta-analysis of the literature reveals an interest in octreotide for the treatment of WHO Grade I tumors, particularly those in the skull base for which the 6-month progression-free survival level reached 92%. Moreover, somatostatin analogs, which are well-tolerated drugs, could be of interest for use as co-targeting therapies for aggressive meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Graillon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M, UMR 7286.,Departments of 2 Neurosurgery
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Moatassim-Billah S, Duluc C, Samain R, Jean C, Perraud A, Decaup E, Cassant-Sourdy S, Bakri Y, Selves J, Schmid H, Martineau Y, Mathonnet M, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C. Anti-metastatic potential of somatostatin analog SOM230: Indirect pharmacological targeting of pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2016; 7:41584-41598. [PMID: 27177087 PMCID: PMC5173080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) shows a rich stroma where cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the major cell type. CAFs are master secretors of proteins with pro-tumor features. CAF targeting remains a promising challenge for PDA, a devastating disease where treatments focusing on cancer cells have failed. We previously introduced a novel pharmacological CAF-targeting approach using the somatostatin analog SOM230 (pasireotide) that inhibits protein synthesis in CAFs, and subsequent chemoprotective features of CAF secretome. Using primary cultures of CAF isolated from human PDA resections, we here report that CAF secretome stimulates in vitro cancer cell survival, migration and invasive features, that are abolished when CAFs are treated with SOM230. Mechanistically, SOM230 inhibitory effect on CAFs depends on the somatostatin receptor subtype sst1 expressed in CAFs but not in non-activated pancreatic fibroblasts, and on protein synthesis shutdown through eiF4E-Binding Protein-1 (4E-BP1) expression decrease. We identify interleukin-6 as a SOM230-inhibited CAF-secreted effector, which stimulates cancer cell features through phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. In vivo, mice orthotopically co-xenografted with the human pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells and CAFs develop pancreatic tumors, on which SOM230 treatment does not inhibit growth but abrogates metastasis. Consistently, CAF secretome stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, which is reversed upon CAF treatment with SOM230. Our results highlight a novel promising anti-metastatic potential for SOM230 indirectly targeting pancreatic cancer cell invasion through pharmacological inhibition of stromal CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Moatassim-Billah
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Biochemistry-Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, University Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Camille Duluc
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Samain
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Jean
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Decaup
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Biochemistry-Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, University Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Janick Selves
- Pathology Department, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Herbert Schmid
- Oncology Global Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Martineau
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM UMR 1037-University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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22
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Maffezzoni F, Formenti AM, Mazziotti G, Frara S, Giustina A. Current and future medical treatments for patients with acromegaly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1631-42. [PMID: 27352098 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1199687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acromegaly is a relatively rare condition of growth hormone (GH) excess associated with significant morbidity and, when left untreated, high mortality. Therapy for acromegaly is targeted at decreasing GH and insulin-like growth hormone 1 levels, ameliorating patients' symptoms and decreasing any local compressive effects of the pituitary adenoma. The therapeutic options for acromegaly include surgery, medical therapies (such as dopamine agonists, somatostatin receptor ligands and the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant) and radiotherapy. However, despite all these treatments option, approximately 50% of patients are not adequately controlled. AREAS COVERED In this paper, the authors discuss: 1) efficacy and safety of current medical therapy 2) the efficacy and safety of the new multireceptor-targeted somatostatin ligand pasireotide 3) medical treatments currently under clinical investigation (oral octreotide, ITF2984, ATL1103), and 4) preliminary data on the use of new injectable and transdermal/transmucosal formulations of octreotide. EXPERT OPINION This expert opinion supports the need for new therapeutic agents and modalities for patients with acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Frara
- a Chair of Endocrinology , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- a Chair of Endocrinology , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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Alonso N, Diaz Nebreda A, Monczor F, Gutkind JS, Davio C, Fernandez N, Shayo C. PI3K pathway is involved in ERK signaling cascade activation by histamine H2R agonist in HEK293T cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1998-2007. [PMID: 27316323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine, through histamine H2 receptor (H2R), modulates different biological processes, involving the modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. Many evidences have demonstrated the existence and importance of the crossregulation between these two signaling pathways. The aim of the present work was to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to PI3K and ERK pathways modulation induced by the H2R agonist amthamine and to evaluate the possible interplay between them. METHODS Phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt were examined by Western blot in HEK293T cells expressing the human H2R, in the presence of H2R agonist and dominant negative mutants or pharmacological inhibitors of different proteins/pathways. Transcriptional activity assays were assessed to determine SRE activity. Amthamine-mediated cellular proliferation was investigated in MA-10A cells in the presence of PI3K inhibitor. RESULTS H2R agonist inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR and stimulates Ras/MEK/ERK pathways. Moreover, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling inhibition is necessary to achieve H2R mediated ERK activation. In the presence of a constitutive active mutant of Akt, amthamine is not able to mediate ERK activation. This crosstalk affects classical ERK downstream targets such as Elk1 phosphorylation and the transcriptional activity of the SRE, classically associated to proliferation. We further demonstrate that amthamine-induced proliferation in Leydig MA-10 tumor cells, is enhanced by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results describe a crosstalk between PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MEK/ERK pathways induced by H2R stimulation with implications in cell proliferation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work indicates that the modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by H2R in turn regulates Ras/MEK/ERK activation conditioning the proliferative capacity of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alonso
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Diaz Nebreda
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Monczor
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Davio
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Cátedra de Química Medicinal, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; ININFA, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junin 956, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Shayo
- IBYME, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Patología y Farmacología Molecular, CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Duluc C, Moatassim-Billah S, Chalabi-Dchar M, Perraud A, Samain R, Breibach F, Gayral M, Cordelier P, Delisle MB, Bousquet-Dubouch MP, Tomasini R, Schmid H, Mathonnet M, Pyronnet S, Martineau Y, Bousquet C. Pharmacological targeting of the protein synthesis mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts abrogates pancreatic tumour chemoresistance. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:735-53. [PMID: 25834145 PMCID: PMC4459815 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is extremely stroma-rich. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete proteins that activate survival and promote chemoresistance of cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that CAF secretome-triggered chemoresistance is abolished upon inhibition of the protein synthesis mTOR/4E-BP1 regulatory pathway which we found highly activated in primary cultures of α-SMA-positive CAFs, isolated from human PDAC resections. CAFs selectively express the sst1 somatostatin receptor. The SOM230 analogue (Pasireotide) activates the sst1 receptor and inhibits the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway and the resultant synthesis of secreted proteins including IL-6. Consequently, tumour growth and chemoresistance in nude mice xenografted with pancreatic cancer cells and CAFs, or with pieces of resected human PDACs, are reduced when chemotherapy (gemcitabine) is combined with SOM230 treatment. While gemcitabine alone has marginal effects, SOM230 is permissive to gemcitabine-induced cancer cell apoptosis and acts as an antifibrotic agent. We propose that selective inhibition of CAF protein synthesis with sst1-directed pharmacological compounds represents an anti-stromal-targeted therapy with promising chemosensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Duluc
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Siham Moatassim-Billah
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France Biochemistry-Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, University Mohammed V - Agdal, Agdal, Morocco
| | - Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Rémi Samain
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marion Gayral
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet-Dubouch
- CNRS UMR-5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068; Paoli-Calmettes Institute; Aix-Marseille University, UM105; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | | | - Muriel Mathonnet
- EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Martineau
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM UMR-1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Octreotide in combination with AT-101 induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis through up-regulation of somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4939-44. [PMID: 26531719 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer among males. Although survival rate of early-stage PCa is high, treatment options are very limited for recurrent disease. In this study, the possible synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of octreotide in combination with AT-101 was investigated in DU-145 hormone and drug refractory prostate cancer cell line. To enlighten the action mechanisms of the combination treatment, expression levels of somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5) were also investigated. Cell viability was measured by XTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed through DNA fragmentation analysis and caspase 3/7 assay. mRNA and protein levels of SSTR2 and SSTR5 were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Octreotide in combination with AT-101 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis synergistically in DU-145 cells as compared to any agent alone. Combination treatment increased both SSTR2 and SSTR5 mRNA and protein levels in DU-145 cells. The data suggest that this combination therapy may be a good candidate for patients with advanced metastatic PCa do not respond to androgen deprivation.
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Werner K, Neumann D, Seifert R. High constitutive Akt2 activity in U937 promonocytes: effective reduction of Akt2 phosphorylation by the histamine H2-receptor and the β2-adrenergic receptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:87-101. [PMID: 26475619 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its antileukemic activity is related to histamine H2-receptor (H2R)-mediated inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in myeloid cells facilitating survival of antineoplastic lymphocytes. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in cell survival and proliferation, is constitutively activated in leukemic cells of most AML patients resulting in poor survival prognosis. In a proof-of-principle experiment using a human phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) array, we found high phosphorylation levels of Akt2 in U937 promonocytes that was abrogated by HA or selective H2R agonists. The H2R and the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) are Gs-protein-coupled receptors. Stimulation results in adenylyl cyclase activation followed by generation of the second messenger adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). In our present study, we evaluated the pharmacological profile of the H2R and the β2AR regarding Akt2 phosphorylation at Ser474 via western blot analysis and ELISA and cAMP accumulation via HPLC-MS/MS in U937 promonocytes. H2R and β2AR agonists concentration-dependently decreased Akt2 phosphorylation at Ser474. Deviations of potencies and efficacies of agonists in Akt2 phosphorylation and cAMP accumulation assays indicated participation of cAMP-independent signaling in GPCR-induced reduction of Akt2 phosphorylation. Accordingly, our study supports the concept of functional selectivity of the H2R and the β2AR in U937 promonocytes. In summary, we extended the antileukemic mechanism of HA via H2R and revealed the potential of β2AR agonists, which are already approved in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as antileukemic drugs.
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War SA, Kim B, Kumar U. Human somatostatin receptor-3 distinctively induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:129-44. [PMID: 26112183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) mediates cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects through five somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5). The modest clinical benefits of SST analogs in cancers of different origin such as breast cancer are attributed to diminished SSTRs expression at tumor sites. In the present study, SSTR3 was overexpressed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and analyzed for downstream signaling molecules associated with cytostatic and cytotoxic effect. Cells overexpressing SSTR3 displayed inhibition of EGF induced proliferation and enhanced antiproliferative effect of SSTR3-specific agonist in comparison to non-transfected cells. SSTR3 overexpression in MCF-7 cells (R3-MCF-7) constitutively enhanced TUNEL staining, PARP-1 and p27(Kip1) expression suggesting apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Conversely, R3-MB-231 cells with SSTR3 overexpression exerted cytostatic and were devoid of any cytotoxic effects. The expression of PTP-1C and the status of ERK1/2, p38 and PI3K phosphorylation was modulated in a cell-specific manner. These findings provide new insights in understanding the antiproliferative role of SSTR3 in breast tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A War
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian Kim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Baer R, Cintas C, Therville N, Guillermet-Guibert J. Implication of PI3K/Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer: When PI3K isoforms matter? Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:19-35. [PMID: 26166735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer belongs to the incurable family of solid cancers. Despite of a recent better understanding its molecular biology, and an increased number of clinical trials, there is still a lack for innovative targeted therapies to fight this deadly malignancy. PI3K/Akt signalling is one of the most commonly deregulated signalling pathways in cancer, which explains the massive attention from many pharmaceutical companies over the ten past years on these signalling molecules. The already developed small molecule inhibitors are currently under clinical trial in various cancer types. Class I PI3Ks have 4 isoforms for which the role in physiology starts to be well described in the literature. Data are more unclear for their differential involvement in oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss about the cognitive and therapeutic potential of targeting this signalling pathway and in particular Class I PI3K isoforms for pancreatic cancer treatment. Isoform-specificity of PI3K inhibitors are currently designed to achieve the same goal as pan-PI3K inhibitors but without potential adverse effects. We will discuss if such strategy is relevant in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Baer
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Célia Cintas
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Therville
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France.
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Crawford HC. Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 as pancreatic tumorigenesis suppressor: identification of a new targetable signaling node. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1279-81. [PMID: 25921374 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Crawford
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Chalabi-Dchar M, Cassant-Sourdy S, Duluc C, Fanjul M, Lulka H, Samain R, Roche C, Breibach F, Delisle MB, Poupot M, Dufresne M, Shimaoka T, Yonehara S, Mathonnet M, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C. Loss of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Promotes Growth of KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumors in Mice by Activating PI3K Signaling and Overexpression of CXCL16. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1452-65. [PMID: 25683115 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The KRAS gene is mutated in most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Expression of this KRAS oncoprotein in mice is sufficient to initiate carcinogenesis but not progression to cancer. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for KRAS for induction and maintenance of PDAC in mice. The somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) inhibits PI3K, but sst2 expression is lost during the development of human PDAC. We investigated the effects of sst2 loss during KRAS-induced PDAC development in mice. METHODS We analyzed tumor growth in mice that expressed the oncogenic form of KRAS (KRAS(G12D)) in pancreatic precursor cells, as well as sst2+/- and sst2-/-, and in crossed KRAS(G12D);sst2+/- and KRAS(G12D);sst2-/- mice. Pancreatic tissues and acini were collected and assessed by histologic, immunoblot, immunohistochemical, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. We also compared protein levels in paraffin-embedded PDAC samples from patients vs heathy pancreatic tissues from individuals without pancreatic cancer. RESULTS In sst2+/- mice, PI3K was activated and signaled via AKT (PKB; protein kinase B); when these mice were crossed with KRAS(G12D) mice, premalignant lesions, tumors, and lymph node metastases developed more rapidly than in KRAS(G12D) mice. In crossed KRAS(G12D);sst2+/- mice, activation of PI3K signaling via AKT resulted in activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which increased KRAS activity and its downstream pathways, promoting initiation and progression of neoplastic lesions. We found this activation loop to be mediated by PI3K-induced production of the chemokine CXCL16. Administration of a CXCL16-neutralizing antibody to KRAS(G12D) mice reduced activation of PI3K signaling to AKT and NF-κB, blocking carcinogenesis. Levels of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 were significantly higher in PDAC tissues and surrounding acini than in healthy pancreatic tissues from mice or human beings. In addition, expression of sst2 was progressively lost, involving increased PI3K activity, in mouse lesions that expressed KRAS(G12D) and progressed to PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Based on analyses of mice, loss of sst2 from pancreatic tissues activates PI3K signaling via AKT, leading to activation of NF-κB, amplification of oncogenic KRAS signaling, increased expression of CXCL16, and pancreatic tumor formation. CXCL16 might be a therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cassant-Sourdy
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Duluc
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marjorie Fanjul
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Lulka
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Samain
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Roche
- UMR7286 CNRS-Aix-Marseille University, Neurobiology and Neurophysiology Research Center of Marseille, and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, AP-HM Conception, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Dufresne
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Takeshi Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Yonehara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- EA 3842 Laboratory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculties, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM UMR-1037, Toulouse University, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer, Toulouse, France.
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Graillon T, Defilles C, Mohamed A, Lisbonis C, Germanetti AL, Chinot O, Figarella-Branger D, Roche PH, Adetchessi T, Fuentes S, Metellus P, Dufour H, Enjalbert A, Barlier A. Combined treatment by octreotide and everolimus: Octreotide enhances inhibitory effect of everolimus in aggressive meningiomas. J Neurooncol 2015; 124:33-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cives M, Strosberg J. The Expanding Role of Somatostatin Analogs in Gastroenteropancreatic and Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors. Drugs 2015; 75:847-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yang L, Brooks CR, Xiao S, Sabbisetti V, Yeung MY, Hsiao LL, Ichimura T, Kuchroo V, Bonventre JV. KIM-1-mediated phagocytosis reduces acute injury to the kidney. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1620-36. [PMID: 25751064 DOI: 10.1172/jci75417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1, also known as TIM-1) is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule after injury and is maladaptive when chronically expressed. Here, we determined that early in the injury process, however, KIM-1 expression is antiinflammatory due to its mediation of phagocytic processes in tubule cells. Using various models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and mice expressing mutant forms of KIM-1, we demonstrated a mucin domain-dependent protective effect of epithelial KIM-1 expression that involves downregulation of innate immunity. Deletion of the mucin domain markedly impaired KIM-1-mediated phagocytic function, resulting in increased proinflammatory cytokine production, decreased antiinflammatory growth factor secretion by proximal epithelial cells, and a subsequent increase in tissue macrophages. Mice expressing KIM-1Δmucin had greater functional impairment, inflammatory responses, and mortality in response to ischemia- and cisplatin-induced AKI. Compared with primary renal proximal tubule cells isolated from KIM-1Δmucin mice, those from WT mice had reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and impaired macrophage activation. The antiinflammatory effect of KIM-1 expression was due to the interaction of KIM-1 with p85 and subsequent PI3K-dependent downmodulation of NF-κB. Hence, KIM-1-mediated epithelial cell phagocytosis of apoptotic cells protects the kidney after acute injury by downregulating innate immunity and inflammation.
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Pyronnet S, Guillermet-Guibert J, Bousquet C. Restoring hemidesmosomes to prevent cancer cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1123-4. [PMID: 23985954 PMCID: PMC3787141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Laval S, Laklai H, Fanjul M, Pucelle M, Laurell H, Billon-Galés A, Le Guellec S, Delisle MB, Sonnenberg A, Susini C, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C. Dual roles of hemidesmosomal proteins in the pancreatic epithelium: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase decides. Oncogene 2014; 33:1934-44. [PMID: 23624916 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the failure of chemo- and biotherapies to fight advanced pancreatic cancer, one major challenge is to identify critical events that initiate invasion. One priming step in epithelia carcinogenesis is the disruption of epithelial cell anchorage to the basement membrane which can be provided by hemidesmosomes (HDs). However, the existence of HDs in pancreatic ductal epithelium and their role in carcinogenesis remain unexplored. HDs have been explored in normal and cancer pancreatic cells, and patient samples. Unique cancer cell models where HD assembly can be pharmacologically manipulated by somatostatin/sst2 signaling have been then used to investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of dynamic HD during pancreatic carcinogenesis. We surprisingly report the presence of mature type-1 HDs comprising the integrin α6β4 and bullous pemphigoid antigen BP180 in the human pancreatic ductal epithelium. Importantly, HDs are shown to disassemble during pancreatic carcinogenesis. HD breakdown requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent induction of the matrix-metalloprotease MMP-9, which cleaves BP180. Consequently, integrin α6β4 delocalizes to the cell-leading edges where it paradoxically promotes cell migration and invasion through S100A4 activation. As S100A4 in turn stimulates MMP-9 expression, a vicious cycle maintains BP180 cleavage. Inactivation of this PI3K-MMP-9-S100A4 signaling loop conversely blocks BP180 cleavage, induces HD reassembly and inhibits cell invasion. We conclude that mature type-1 HDs are critical anchoring structures for the pancreatic ductal epithelium whose disruption, upon PI3K activation during carcinogenesis, provokes pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laval
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - H Laklai
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Fanjul
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Pucelle
- INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - H Laurell
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A Billon-Galés
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - S Le Guellec
- Services d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique of Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - M-B Delisle
- Services d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique of Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - A Sonnenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Susini
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - S Pyronnet
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C Bousquet
- 1] INSERM UMR 1037, Laboratoire d'excellence Toulouse Cancer (labex TOUCAN), Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France [2] Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Schulz S, Lehmann A, Kliewer A, Nagel F. Fine-tuning somatostatin receptor signalling by agonist-selective phosphorylation and dephosphorylation: IUPHAR Review 5. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1591-9. [PMID: 24328848 PMCID: PMC3966740 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of five GPCRs, named sst1 to sst5 . Somatostatin receptors exhibit equally high-binding affinities to their natural ligand somatostatin-14 and largely overlapping distributions. The overexpression of somatostatin receptors in human tumours is the molecular basis for diagnostic and therapeutic application of the stable somatostatin analogues octreotide, lanreotide and pasireotide. The efficiency of somatostatin receptor signalling is tightly regulated and ultimately limited by the coordinated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal serine and threonine residues. Here, we review and discuss recent progress in the generation and application of phosphosite-specific antibodies for human sst2 and sst5 receptors. These phosphosite-specific antibodies are unique tools to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of receptors phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Using a combined approach of phosphosite-specific antibodies and siRNA knock-down screening, relevant kinases and phosphatases were identified. Emerging evidence suggests distinct mechanisms of agonist-selective fine-tuning for individual somatostatin receptors. The recently uncovered differences in phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of these receptors may hence be of physiological significance in mediating responses to acute, persistent or repeated stimuli in a variety of target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Andreas Lehmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Andrea Kliewer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
| | - Falko Nagel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityJena, Germany
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Synergistic antitumor activities of docetaxel and octreotide associated with apoptotic-upregulation in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91817. [PMID: 24632829 PMCID: PMC3954761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has become the fist-line treatment of metastatic prostate cancer; however, progression to castrate resistance disease occurs in the majority of patients. Thus, there is an urgent need for improvements in therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. The aims of the present study were to determine the efficacy somatostatin analogue octreotide (OCT) combined with a low dose of docetaxel (DTX) using castration resistant prostate cancer cells and to investigate the involved molecular mechanisms in vitro. The anti-proliferative and synergism potential effects were determined by MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis was analyzed employing annexing V and propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. VEGFA, CASP9, CASP3 and ABCB1 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Q-RT-PCR analysis. OCT in combination with DTX treatments on DU145 cell migration was also evaluated. Investigation revealed that combined administration of DTX and OCT had significant, synergistically greater cytotoxicity than DTX or OCT treatment alone. The combination of the two drugs caused a more marked increase in apoptosis and resulted in greater suppression of invasive potential than either individual agent. There was obvious increase in caspase 3 expression in the OCT alone and two-drug combined treatment groups, however, VEGFA expression was markedly suppressed in them. These results support the conclusion that somatostatin analogues combined with docetaxel may enhance the chemotherapy efficacies through multiple mechanisms in castration-resistant PCa cell line. This work provides a preclinical rationale for the therapeutic strategies to improve the treatment in castrate resistance disease.
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Chalabi M, Duluc C, Caron P, Vezzosi D, Guillermet-Guibert J, Pyronnet S, Bousquet C. Somatostatin analogs: does pharmacology impact antitumor efficacy? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:115-27. [PMID: 24405892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of secretion and cell proliferation. These features render somatostatin a logical candidate for the management of neuroendocrine tumors that express somatostatin receptors. Synthetic somatostatin analogs (SSAs) have longer half-lives than somatostatin, but have similar activities, and are used for the treatment of these types of disorders. Interest has focused on novel multireceptor analogs with broader affinity to several of the five somatostatin receptors, thereby presenting putatively higher antitumor activities. Recent evidence indicates that SSAs cannot be considered mimics of native somatostatin in regulating signaling pathways downstream of receptors. Here we review this knowledge, discuss the concept of biased agonism, and highlight what considerations need to be taken into account for the optimal clinical use of SSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Chalabi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Duluc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Caron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Larrey, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Vezzosi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire et Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Larrey, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), 31432 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Stumm R. Somatostatin receptor sst2 reduces Akt activity and aggravates hypoxic/ischemic death in cerebral cortical neurons. Neuropharmacology 2014; 77:249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kharmate G, Rajput PS, Lin YC, Kumar U. Inhibition of tumor promoting signals by activation of SSTR2 and opioid receptors in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:93. [PMID: 24059654 PMCID: PMC3852783 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) and opioid receptors (ORs) belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors and function as negative regulators of cell proliferation in breast cancer. In the present study, we determined the changes in SSTR subtype 2 (SSTR2) and μ, δ and κ-ORs expression, signaling cascades and apoptosis in three different breast cancer cells namely MCF-7, MDA-MB231 and T47D. Methods Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis were employed to study the colocalization and changes in MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38), cell survival pathway (PI3K/AKT) and tumor suppressor proteins (PTEN and p53) in breast cancer cell lines. The nature of cell death upon activation of SSTR2 or OR was analysed using flow cytometry analysis. Results The activation of SSTR2 and ORs modulate MAPKs (ERK1/2 and p38) in cell dependent and possibly estrogen receptor (ER) dependent manner. The activation of tumor suppressor proteins phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p53 antagonized the PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway. Flow cytometry analyses reveal increased necrosis as opposed to apoptosis in MCF-7 and T47D cells when compared to ER negative MDA-MB231 cells. Furthermore, receptor and agonist dependent expression of ORs in SSTR2 immunoprecipitate suggest that SSTR2 and ORs might interact as heterodimers and inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation. Conclusion Taken together, findings indicate a new role for SSTR2/ORs in modulation of signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and provide novel therapeutic approaches in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Kharmate
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
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Theodoropoulou M, Stalla GK. Somatostatin receptors: from signaling to clinical practice. Front Neuroendocrinol 2013; 34:228-52. [PMID: 23872332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin is a peptide with a potent and broad antisecretory action, which makes it an invaluable drug target for the pharmacological management of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1, 2A and B, 3, 4 and 5) belong to the G protein coupled receptor family and have a wide expression pattern in both normal tissues and solid tumors. Investigating the function of each SSTR in several tumor types has provided a wealth of information about the common but also distinct signaling cascades that suppress tumor cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. This provided the rationale for developing multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analogs and combination therapies with signaling-targeted agents such as inhibitors of the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR). The ability of SSTR to internalize and the development of rabiolabeled somatostatin analogs have improved the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marily Theodoropoulou
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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van Hulsteijn LT, van Duinen N, Verbist BM, Jansen JC, van der Klaauw AA, Smit JWA, Corssmit EPM. Effects of octreotide therapy in progressive head and neck paragangliomas: Case series. Head Neck 2013; 35:E391-6. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T. van Hulsteijn
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette van Duinen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Berit M. Verbist
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C. Jansen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Agatha A. van der Klaauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. A. Smit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora P. M. Corssmit
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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Oberg K, Casanovas O, Castaño JP, Chung D, Delle Fave G, Denèfle P, Harris P, Khan MS, Kulke MH, Scarpa A, Tang LH, Wiedenmann B. Molecular pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors: implications for current and future therapeutic approaches. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2842-9. [PMID: 23459719 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape and biologic understanding of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has shifted dramatically in recent years. Recent studies have shown that somatostatin analogues have the potential not only to control symptoms of hormone hypersecretion but also have the ability to slow tumor growth in patients with advanced carcinoid. The results of clinical trials have further shown that the VEGF pathway inhibitor sunitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus have efficacy in patients with advanced pancreatic NETs. The efficacy of these targeted therapies in NET suggests that the molecular characterization of NETs may provide an avenue to predict both which patients may benefit most from the treatment and to overcome potential drug resistance. Recent genomic studies of NETs have further suggested that pathways regulating chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modification may play a key role in regulating NET growth. These observations offer the potential for new therapeutic and diagnostic advances for patients with NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Oberg
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Azar R, Lasfargues C, Bousquet C, Pyronnet S. Contribution of HIF-1α in 4E-BP1 gene expression. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 11:54-61. [PMID: 23175522 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is necessary for the translation of capped mRNAs into proteins. Cap-dependent mRNA translation can be however inhibited by the eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). The hypophosphorylated forms of 4E-BP1 indeed sequester eIF4E and thus block translation initiation and consequent protein synthesis. Different reports indicate that, in addition to hypophosphorylation, 4E-BP1 function can be also regulated at the level of protein expression. This is the case in contact-inhibited cells or in cells exposed to hypoxia. The molecular mechanisms responsible for 4E-BP1 protein accumulation in these conditions remain however unknown. In the present study, we found that 4E-BP1 gene promoter contains a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) that mediates 4E-BP1 gene upregulation via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) transcription factor. Gene reporter assays then revealed that the presence of such HRE in the promoter of 4E-BP1 gene is involved in 4E-BP1 accumulation in contact-inhibited cells and in cells exposed to hypoxia. We also reveal that the TGF-β-dependent transcription factor SMAD4 cooperates with HIF-1α to fully activate 4E-BP1 gene transcription under hypoxia. These data therefore suggest that HIF-1α contributes to 4E-BP1 gene expression under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Azar
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche medicale (INSERM) U1037, BP 84225, Toulouse 31432, France
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45
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Shpakov AO. Somatostatin receptors and signaling cascades coupled to them. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093012040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A switch of G protein-coupled receptor binding preference from phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-p85 to filamin A negatively controls the PI3K pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 32:1004-16. [PMID: 22203038 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06252-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent oncogenic alterations occur in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, urging identification of novel negative controls. We previously reported an original mechanism for restraining PI3K activity, controlled by the somatostatin G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) sst2 and involving a ligand-regulated interaction between sst2 with the PI3K regulatory p85 subunit. We here identify the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) as a critical player regulating the dynamic of this complex. A preexisting sst2-p85 complex, which was shown to account for a significant basal PI3K activity in the absence of ligand, is disrupted upon sst2 activation. FLNA was here identified as a competitor of p85 for direct binding to two juxtaposed sites on sst2. Switching of GPCR binding preference from p85 toward FLNA is determined by changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation of p85- and FLNA-binding sites on sst2 upon activation. It results in the disruption of the sst2-p85 complex and the subsequent inhibition of PI3K. Knocking down FLNA expression, or abrogating FLNA recruitment to sst2, reversed the inhibition of PI3K and of tumor growth induced by sst2. Importantly, we report that this FLNA inhibitory control on PI3K can be generalized to another GPCR, the mu opioid receptor, thereby providing an unprecedented mechanism underlying GPCR-negative control on PI3K.
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Kukkonen JP. A ménage à trois made in heaven: G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids and TRP channels. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:9-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Capdevila J, Díez Miranda I, Obiols G, Tabernero J. Control of carcinoid syndrome with everolimus. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:237-239. [PMID: 21169474 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Obiols
- Endocrinology Service, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) function early in intracellular signal transduction pathways and affect many biological functions. A further level of complexity derives from the existence of eight PI3K isoforms, which are divided into class I, class II and class III PI3Ks. PI3K signalling has been implicated in metabolic control, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer. PI3K inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials in oncology. A better understanding of how the different PI3K isoforms are regulated and control signalling could uncover their roles in pathology and reveal in which disease contexts their blockade could be most beneficial.
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Dumartin L, Quemener C, Laklai H, Herbert J, Bicknell R, Bousquet C, Pyronnet S, Castronovo V, Schilling MK, Bikfalvi A, Hagedorn M. Netrin-1 mediates early events in pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression, acting on tumor and endothelial cells. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1595-606, 1606.e1-8. [PMID: 20080097 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. It is characterized by substantial tumor cell invasion and early-stage metastasis. We developed an in vivo model to analyze interactions between cancer and stromal cells during early stages of PDAC. METHODS Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were grafted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Human and chicken GeneChips were used simultaneously to study gene regulation during PDAC cell invasion. Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify human orthologs and cell specificity of gene expression. The effects of netrin-1 encoded by NTN1 were investigated in adhesion, invasion, and apoptosis assays. The effects of NTN1 silencing with small interfering RNAs were investigated in PDAC cells in vivo. NTN1 expression was measured in human PDAC samples. RESULTS PDAC cells rapidly invade the CAM stroma and remodel the CAM vasculature. Around 800 stromal genes were up-regulated by >2-fold; the angiogenesis regulators vascular endothelial growth factor D, thrombospondin 1, and CD151 were among the most highly regulated genes. Silencing of tumor cell NTN1, which is up-regulated 4-fold in the PDAC model, inhibited tumor cell invasion in vivo. Netrin-1 conferred apoptosis resistance to tumor and endothelial cells in vitro, induced their invasion, and provided an adhesive substrate for tumor cells. NTN1 and its gene product are strongly overexpressed in human PDAC samples. CONCLUSIONS We developed a useful tool to study the invasive mechanisms of early-stage PDAC. Netrin-1 might be an important regulator of pancreatic tumor growth that functions in tumor and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dumartin
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U920, Talence, France
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