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Inukai R, Mori K, Maki M, Takahara T, Shibata H. Cytoprotective Role of Autophagy in CDIP1 Expression-Induced Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6520. [PMID: 38928226 PMCID: PMC11203953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1 (CDIP1) is a proapoptotic protein that is normally expressed at low levels and is upregulated by genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. CDIP1 has been reported to be localized to endosomes and to interact with several proteins, including B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) and apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying CDIP1 expression-induced apoptosis remain unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that CDIP1 was upregulated after treatment with the anticancer drug adriamycin in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells but was degraded rapidly in the lysosomal pathway. We also demonstrated that treatment with the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibitor roscovitine led to an increase in the electrophoretic mobility of CDIP1. In addition, a phosphomimetic mutation at Ser-32 in CDIP1 resulted in an increase in CDIP1 expression-induced apoptosis. We also found that CDIP1 expression led to the induction of autophagy prior to apoptosis. Treatment of cells expressing CDIP1 with SAR405, an inhibitor of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase VPS34, caused a reduction in autophagy and promoted apoptosis. Therefore, autophagy is thought to be a defense mechanism against CDIP1 expression-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hideki Shibata
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
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2
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Yan G, Lei W. Role of ELK1 in regulating colorectal cancer progression: miR-31-5p/CDIP1 axis in CRC pathogenesis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15602. [PMID: 37547727 PMCID: PMC10399563 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that affects the digestive system. With the increased of modernization of society, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased throughout the world. As a transcription factor, ELK1 has been widely studied in colorectal cancer. However, there are still many unknown factors regarding its specific mechanism of action.This study explored the role of ELK1 and its downstream pathway in CRC pathogenesis. Methods Based on clinical samples, this study examined miR-31-5p expression in CRC cells and its impact on malignant behaviors (migration, invasion, apoptosis) and autophagy. The promoter sequence of miR-31-5p was obtained from the UCSC database, and ELK1 was identified as its transcription factor. In ELK1-knockdown CRC cells, miR-31-5p was overexpressed, and its response in malignant behaviors and autophagy was analyzed. The target gene CDIP1 was predicted and verified using a dual-luciferase assay. The influence of CDIP1 on malignant behavior in CRC cells was assessed, and CDIP1 siRNA was used as a rescue treatment for miR-31-5p inhibition. The role of ELK1/miR-31-5p in tumor growth was validated in vivo. Results miR-31-5p expression was upregulated in the colorectal cancer tissues and cells. The knockdown of miR-31-5p markedly inhibited cancer cells' malignant behaviors and mediated autophagy. ELK1 was confirmed to bind with the miR-31-5p promoter and enhance miR-31-5p transcription. miR-31-5p was found to bind with the CDIP1 3'UTR and inhibit CDIP1 expression. CDIP1 siRNA partially rescued the effects of miR-31-5p knockdown on cell metastatic ability, autophagy, and apoptosis. Based on the in vivo experiments, results showed that the ELK1/miR-31-5p axis positively regulated tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion Our findings indicate that ELK1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer via an miR-31-5p/CDIP1 axis, and the ELK1/miR-31-5p/CDIP1 axis could be a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yan
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wang Lei
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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A new signature based on alternative polyadenylation for prognostic prediction and therapeutic responses in low-grade glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:826-844. [PMID: 35042833 PMCID: PMC8833112 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from research supports the significant role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in the development of cancer. The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic and therapeutic value of APA events for patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG). METHODS The gene expression and APA profiles of patients with low-grade gliomas were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. All patients were sorted randomly into training and test sets. The prognostic-associated events of alternative splicing were screened by univariate Cox regression. Subsequently, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to construct a prognostic signature. The patients were sorted into the high and low-risk groups based on their median risk score. Bioinformatics methods were used to identify genetic variation, pathway activation, immune heterogeneity, and drug response differences between the two groups. RESULTS A prognostic signature was constructed shown to be capable of accurately predicting prognosis of patients with LGG. Notable variations were observed in the tumor mutation burden and copy number variations between the high-risk and low-risk patients. Besides, the high-risk group had enhanced immune cell abundance and immune checkpoint gene expression. In terms of drug response, we further found that the patients of high-risk group were more sensitive to immunotherapy, but chemotherapy was suggestively more appropriate for the low-risk group patients. CONCLUSION Our findings give new insights and methods related to prognosis prediction and treatment methods for LGG patients, and expand the understanding regarding the role of alternative splicing in LGG.
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Wunderley L, Zhang L, Yarwood R, Qin W, Lowe M, Woodman P. Endosomal recycling tubule scission and integrin recycling involve the membrane curvature-supporting protein LITAF. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258549. [PMID: 34342350 PMCID: PMC8353527 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling to the cell surface requires the scission of tubular membrane intermediates emanating from endosomes. Here, we identify the monotopic membrane protein LPS-induced TNF-activating factor (LITAF) and the related protein cell death involved p53 target 1 (CDIP1) as novel membrane curvature proteins that contribute to recycling tubule scission. Recombinant LITAF supports high membrane curvature, shown by its ability to reduce proteoliposome size. The membrane domains of LITAF and CDIP1 partition strongly into ∼50 nm diameter tubules labelled with the recycling markers Pacsin2, ARF6 and SNX1, and the recycling cargoes MHC class I and CD59. Partitioning of LITAF into tubules is impaired by mutations linked to Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1C. Meanwhile, co-depletion of LITAF and CDIP1 results in the expansion of tubular recycling compartments and stabilised Rab11 tubules, pointing to a function for LITAF and CDIP1 in membrane scission. Consistent with this, co-depletion of LITAF and CDIP1 impairs integrin recycling and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip Woodman
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic and Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Inukai R, Mori K, Kuwata K, Suzuki C, Maki M, Takahara T, Shibata H. The Novel ALG-2 Target Protein CDIP1 Promotes Cell Death by Interacting with ESCRT-I and VAPA/B. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031175. [PMID: 33503978 PMCID: PMC7865452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2, also known as PDCD6) is a member of the penta-EF-hand (PEF) family of Ca2+-binding proteins. The murine gene encoding ALG-2 was originally reported to be an essential gene for apoptosis. However, the role of ALG-2 in cell death pathways has remained elusive. In the present study, we found that cell death-inducing p53 target protein 1 (CDIP1), a pro-apoptotic protein, interacts with ALG-2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of GFP-fused CDIP1 (GFP-CDIP1) revealed that GFP-CDIP1 associates with tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a known target of ALG-2 and a subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I). ESCRT-I is a heterotetrameric complex composed of TSG101, VPS28, VPS37 and MVB12/UBAP1. Of diverse ESCRT-I species originating from four VPS37 isoforms (A, B, C, and D), CDIP1 preferentially associates with ESCRT-I containing VPS37B or VPS37C in part through the adaptor function of ALG-2. Overexpression of GFP-CDIP1 in HEK293 cells caused caspase-3/7-mediated cell death. In addition, the cell death was enhanced by co-expression of ALG-2 and ESCRT-I, indicating that ALG-2 likely promotes CDIP1-induced cell death by promoting the association between CDIP1 and ESCRT-I. We also found that CDIP1 binds to vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP)A and VAPB through the two phenylalanines in an acidic tract (FFAT)-like motif in the C-terminal region of CDIP1, mutations of which resulted in reduction of CDIP1-induced cell death. Therefore, our findings suggest that different expression levels of ALG-2, ESCRT-I subunits, VAPA and VAPB may have an impact on sensitivity of anticancer drugs associated with CDIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Inukai
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Kanako Mori
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Masatoshi Maki
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Terunao Takahara
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Hideki Shibata
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (R.I.); (K.M.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Liao Z, Chen Y, Duan C, Zhu K, Huang R, Zhao H, Hintze M, Pu Q, Yuan Z, Lv L, Chen H, Lai B, Feng S, Qi X, Cai D. Cardiac telocytes inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis following myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:268-291. [PMID: 33391474 PMCID: PMC7681094 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of cardiac angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium is a critical strategy for repairing and regenerating the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, effective methods to aid in the survival of endothelial cells, to avoid apoptosis in ischemic myocardium and to achieve long-term cardiac angiogenesis are still being pursued. Here, we investigated whether cardiac telocyte (CT)-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells to facilitate cardiac angiogenesis during MI. Methods: CT exosomes were isolated from CT conditioned medium, and their miRNA profile was characterized by small RNA sequencing. A rat model of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-mediated MI was assessed with histology for infarct size and fibrosis, immunostaining for angiogenesis and cell apoptosis and echocardiography to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and the LAD-MI model treated with CT exosomes or CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p in vitro and in vivo were assessed with cellular and molecular techniques to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Results: CTs exert therapeutic effects on MI via the potent paracrine effects of CT exosomes to facilitate the inhibition of apoptosis and survival of CMECs and promote cardiac angiogenesis. A novel mechanism of CTs is revealed, in which CT-endothelial cell communication suppresses apoptosis and promotes the survival of endothelial cells in the pathophysiological myocardium. CT exosomal miRNA-21-5p targeted and silenced the cell death inducing p53 target 1 (Cdip1) gene and thus down-regulated the activated caspase-3, which then inhibited the apoptosis of recipient endothelial cells under ischemic and hypoxic conditions, facilitating angiogenesis and regeneration following MI. Conclusions: The present study is the first to show that CTs inhibit cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis through exosomal miRNA-21-5p-targeted Cdip1 silencing to improve angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. It is believed that these novel findings and the discovery of cellular and molecular mechanisms will provide new opportunities to tailor novel cardiac cell therapies and cell-free therapies for the functional and structural regeneration of the injured myocardium.
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Lai CH, Barik P, Hsieh DJY, Day CH, Ho TJ, Chen RJ, Kuo WW, Padma VV, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Inhibition of cell death-inducing p53 target 1 through miR-210-3p overexpression attenuates reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in rat adipose-derived stem cells challenged with Angiotensin II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:347-354. [PMID: 32888650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning is a well-known strategy to improve the survival and therapeutic potential of stem cells against various challenges including hemodynamic and neurohormonal modulations. However, the mechanism involved in hypoxia-induced benefits on stem cells is still ambiguous. In pathological hypertension, the elevation of the neurohormonal mediator Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes the adverse effects to stem cells. In this study, we investigate the effect and mechanism of action of short term hypoxia-inducible miRNA in suppressing the effects of AngII on stem cells. According to the results obtained, Ang II affects the normal cell cycle and triggers apoptosis in rADSCs with a corresponding increase in the expression of cell death-inducing p53 target 1 (CDIP1) protein. However, the short term hypoxia-inducible miRNA-miR-210-3p was found to target CDIP1 and reduce their levels upon the Ang II challenge. CDIP1 induces stress-mediated apoptosis involving the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via Bid/Bax/cleaved caspase3 activation. Administration of mimic miR-210-3p targets CDIP1 mRNA by binding to the 3' UTR region as confirmed by dual luciferase assay and also reduced Ang II-induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation as analyzed by MitoSOX staining. Moreover, the present study demonstrates the mechanism of miR-210-3p in the regulation of Ang II-induced CDIP1-associated apoptotic pathway in rADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung City, 41152, Taiwan; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Parthasarathi Barik
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Husan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 97002, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, 40402, Taiwan; Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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Zhong X, Huang S, Liu D, Jiang Z, Jin Q, Li C, Da L, Yao Q, Wang D. Galangin promotes cell apoptosis through suppression of H19 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5546-5557. [PMID: 32485786 PMCID: PMC7402821 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galangin has been extensively studied as the antitumor agent in various cancers. However, the effect of galangin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Methods Using RNA sequencing, the differential expression of lncRNA in human HCC cell line with highly metastatic potential (MHCC97H) cells treated with galangin was investigated. Furthermore, H19 expression pattern was also determined in MHCC97H cells following treatment with galangin. In addition, knockdown and overexpression of H19 was performed to analyze the effect of the expression pattern of H19 on cell apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion in HCC cells. Moreover, the in vivo effect of galangin on tumor development was also determined in nude mice. In order to analyze loss expression of H19 in vivo, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) was used. Results Total of 50 lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in MHCC97H cells treated with galangin. Besides, the expression of H19 was markedly reduced following treatment with galangin in MHCC97H cells. Compared to the Control group, the galangin‐treated group inhibited cell migration and invasion. Knockdown of H19 expression showed increased cell apoptosis and decreased invasion. In addition, RNA‐seq data also identified 161 mRNA which was significantly differentially expressed following treatment with galangin. To further determine the underlying mechanism, p53 protein was analyzed. Notably, the results indicated that knockdown of H19 and miR675 induced the expression of p53, eventually promoting cell apoptosis in MHCC97H cells. These results indicated that galangin promoted cell apoptosis through reduced the expression of H19 and miR675 in MHCC97H cells. The in vivo result showed that compared to the Con, tumor growth was remarkably suppressed with loss expression of H19. Conclusion Our data suggested that galangin has a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis through regulating the expression pattern of H19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyi Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinglong Jin
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengshun Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liu Da
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Master Sculptor at Work: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Uniquely Modifies Mitochondrial Proteolysis during Its Control of Human Cell Death. mSystems 2020; 5:5/3/e00283-20. [PMID: 32487743 PMCID: PMC8534729 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00283-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causes severe diarrheal disease and is present globally. EPEC virulence requires a bacterial type III secretion system to inject >20 effector proteins into human intestinal cells. Three effectors travel to mitochondria and modulate apoptosis; however, the mechanisms by which effectors control apoptosis from within mitochondria are unknown. To identify and quantify global changes in mitochondrial proteolysis during infection, we applied the mitochondrial terminal proteomics technique mitochondrial stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (MS-TAILS). MS-TAILS identified 1,695 amino N-terminal peptides from 1,060 unique proteins and 390 N-terminal peptides from 215 mitochondrial proteins at a false discovery rate of 0.01. Infection modified 230 cellular and 40 mitochondrial proteins, generating 27 cleaved mitochondrial neo-N termini, demonstrating altered proteolytic processing within mitochondria. To distinguish proteolytic events specific to EPEC from those of canonical apoptosis, we compared mitochondrial changes during infection with those reported from chemically induced apoptosis. During infection, fewer than half of all mitochondrial cleavages were previously described for canonical apoptosis, and we identified nine mitochondrial proteolytic sites not previously reported, including several in proteins with an annotated role in apoptosis, although none occurred at canonical Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) sites associated with caspase cleavage. The identification and quantification of novel neo-N termini evidences the involvement of noncaspase human or EPEC protease(s) resulting from mitochondrial-targeting effectors that modulate cell death upon infection. All proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016994. IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study of the mitochondrial proteome or N-terminome during bacterial infection. Identified cleavage sites that had not been previously reported in the mitochondrial N-terminome and that were not generated in canonical apoptosis revealed a pathogen-specific strategy to control human cell apoptosis. These data inform new mechanisms of virulence factors targeting mitochondria and apoptosis during infection and highlight how enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) manipulates human cell death pathways during infection, including candidate substrates of an EPEC protease within mitochondria. This understanding informs the development of new antivirulence strategies against the many human pathogens that target mitochondria during infection. Therefore, mitochondrial stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (MS-TAILS) is useful for studying other pathogens targeting human cell compartments.
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Gabriel AF, Costa MC, Enguita FJ. Interactions Among Regulatory Non-coding RNAs Involved in Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:79-104. [PMID: 32285406 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important regulatory players in human cells that have been shown to modulate different cellular processes and biological functions through controlling gene expression, being also involved in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular (circRNAs) could act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) sequestering other ncRNAs. This entangled network of interactions has been reported to trigger the decay of the targeted ncRNAs having important roles in gene regulation. Growing evidences have been demonstrated that the regulatory mechanism underlying the crosstalk between different ncRNA species, namely lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs has also an important role in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases. In this chapter, the main regulatory relationship among lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs were summarized and their role in the control and development of cardiovascular diseases was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Gabriel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Cardiomics Unit, Centro de Cardiologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marina C Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Cardiomics Unit, Centro de Cardiologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Cardiomics Unit, Centro de Cardiologia da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Jones RM, Melton PE, Pinese M, Rea AJ, Ingley E, Ballinger ML, Wood DJ, Thomas DM, Moses EK. Identification of novel sarcoma risk genes using a two-stage genome wide DNA sequencing strategy in cancer cluster families and population case and control cohorts. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:69. [PMID: 31053105 PMCID: PMC6499942 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Although familial clustering of cancers is relatively common, only a small proportion of familial cancer risk can be explained by known cancer predisposition genes. Methods In this study we employed a two-stage approach to identify candidate sarcoma risk genes. First, we conducted whole exome sequencing in three multigenerational cancer families ascertained through a sarcoma proband (n = 19) in order to prioritize candidate genes for validation in an independent case-control cohort of sarcoma patients using family-based association and segregation analysis. The second stage employed a burden analysis of rare variants within prioritized candidate genes identified from stage one in 560 sarcoma cases and 1144 healthy ageing controls, for which whole genome sequence was available. Results Variants from eight genes were identified in stage one. Following gene-based burden testing and after correction for multiple testing, two of these genes, ABCB5 and C16orf96, were determined to show statistically significant association with cancer. The ABCB5 gene was found to have a higher burden of putative regulatory variants (OR = 4.9, p-value = 0.007, q-value = 0.04) based on allele counts in sarcoma cases compared to controls. C16orf96, was found to have a significantly lower burden (OR = 0.58, p-value = 0.0004, q-value = 0.003) of regulatory variants in controls compared to sarcoma cases. Conclusions Based on these genetic association data we propose that ABCB5 and C16orf96 are novel candidate risk genes for sarcoma. Although neither of these two genes have been previously associated with sarcoma, ABCB5 has been shown to share clinical drug resistance associations with melanoma and leukaemia and C16orf96 shares regulatory elements with genes that are involved with TNF-alpha mediated apoptosis in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Future genetic studies in other family and population cohorts will be required for further validation of these novel findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0808-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Jones
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.,Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander J Rea
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia.,The Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David J Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric K Moses
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, M409 The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
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12
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Li M, Ding W, Tariq MA, Chang W, Zhang X, Xu W, Hou L, Wang Y, Wang J. A circular transcript of ncx1 gene mediates ischemic myocardial injury by targeting miR-133a-3p. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5855-5869. [PMID: 30613267 PMCID: PMC6299442 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are considered major players in physiological and pathological processes based on their versatile regulatory roles in different diseases including cardiovascular disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a newly discovered class of RNAs, constitute a substantial fraction of the mammalian transcriptome and are abundantly expressed in the cardiovascular system. However, the regulatory functions of these circRNAs in ischemic cardiac disease remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of a circRNA transcribed from the sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (ncx1) gene, named circNCX1, in oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischemic myocardial injury. Methods: Divergent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to amplify the circRNA. The circular structure of circNCX1 was verified by Sanger sequencing and RNase R digestion. The subcellular localization of circNCX1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To test the expression pattern and function of circNCX1 during oxidative stress, H9c2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with H2O2 or hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). Mechanistically, the interaction of circNCX1 with miRNA was examined by AGO2-IP and RNA pull-down assays. The regulatory role of circNCX1 in target gene expression was tested by western blot and luciferase reporter assays. At the animal level, we constructed a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) mouse model to analyze the effect of circNCX1 on heart function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac remodeling. Results: circNCX1 was increased in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis by acting as an endogenous miR-133a-3p sponge. Due to competitive binding of circNCX1 to miR-133a-3p, the suppressive activity of pro-apoptotic gene cell death-inducing protein (CDIP1) by miR-133a-3p was reduced. Knockdown of circNCX1 in murine cardiomyocytes and heart tissues reduced the levels of CDIP1 and attenuated the apoptosis and I/R injury. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway that comprises circNCX1, miR-133a-3p and CDIP1, that is involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic avenue for ischemic heart diseases.
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13
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Transcriptomic response of breast cancer cells to anacardic acid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8063. [PMID: 29795261 PMCID: PMC5966448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anacardic acid (AnAc), a potential dietary agent for preventing and treating breast cancer, inhibited the proliferation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells. To characterize potential regulators of AnAc action, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated for 6 h with purified AnAc 24:1n5 congener followed by next generation transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) and network analysis. We reported that AnAc-differentially regulated miRNA transcriptomes in each cell line and now identify AnAc-regulated changes in mRNA and lncRNA transcript expression. In MCF-7 cells, 80 AnAc-responsive genes were identified, including lncRNA MIR22HG. More AnAc-responsive genes (886) were identified in MDA-MB-231 cells. Only six genes were commonly altered by AnAc in both cell lines: SCD, INSIG1, and TGM2 were decreased and PDK4, GPR176, and ZBT20 were increased. Modeling of AnAc-induced gene changes suggests that AnAc inhibits monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in both cell lines and increases endoplasmic reticulum stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. Since modeling of downregulated genes implicated NFκB in MCF-7, we confirmed that AnAc inhibited TNFα-induced NFκB reporter activity in MCF-7 cells. These data identify new targets and pathways that may account for AnAc’s anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity.
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14
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Khalyfa A, Almendros I, Gileles-Hillel A, Akbarpour M, Trzepizur W, Mokhlesi B, Huang L, Andrade J, Farré R, Gozal D. Circulating exosomes potentiate tumor malignant properties in a mouse model of chronic sleep fragmentation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54676-54690. [PMID: 27419627 PMCID: PMC5342372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) increases cancer aggressiveness in mice. Exosomes exhibit pleiotropic biological functions, including immune regulatory functions, antigen presentation, intracellular communication and inter-cellular transfer of RNA and proteins. We hypothesized that SF-induced alterations in biosynthesis and cargo of plasma exosomes may affect tumor cell properties. Results SF-derived exosomes increased tumor cell proliferation (~13%), migration (~2.3-fold) and extravasation (~10%) when compared to exosomes from SC-exposed mice. Similarly, Pre exosomes from OSA patients significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of human adenocarcinoma cells compared to Post. SF-exosomal cargo revealed 3 discrete differentially expressed miRNAs, and exploration of potential mRNA targets in TC1 tumor cells uncovered 132 differentially expressed genes that encode for multiple cancer-related pathways. Methods Plasma-derived exosomes from C57/B6 mice exposed to 6 wks of SF or sleep control (SC), and from adult human patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before (Pre) and after adherent treatment for 6 wks (Post) were co-cultured with mouse lung TC1 or human adenocarcinoma tumor cell lines, respectively. Proliferation, migration, invasion, endothelial barrier integrity and extravasation assays of tumor cells were performed. Plasma mouse exosomal miRNAs were profiled with arrays, and transcriptomic assessments of TC1 cells exposed to SF or SC exosomes were conducted to identify gene targets. Conclusions Chronic SF induces alterations in exosomal miRNA cargo that alter the biological properties of TC1 lung tumor cells to enhance their proliferative, migratory and extravasation properties, and similar findings occur in OSA patients, in whom SF is a constitutive component of their sleep disorder. Thus, exosomes could participate, at least in part, in the adverse cancer outcomes observed in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wojciech Trzepizur
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Babak Mokhlesi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sleep Disorders Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jorge Andrade
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer-CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Fischer M. Census and evaluation of p53 target genes. Oncogene 2017; 36:3943-3956. [PMID: 28288132 PMCID: PMC5511239 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 functions primarily as a transcription factor. Mutation of the TP53 gene alters its response pathway, and is central to the development of many cancers. The discovery of a large number of p53 target genes, which confer p53's tumor suppressor function, has led to increasingly complex models of p53 function. Recent meta-analysis approaches, however, are simplifying our understanding of how p53 functions as a transcription factor. In the survey presented here, a total set of 3661 direct p53 target genes is identified that comprise 3509 potential targets from 13 high-throughput studies, and 346 target genes from individual gene analyses. Comparison of the p53 target genes reported in individual studies with those identified in 13 high-throughput studies reveals limited consistency. Here, p53 target genes have been evaluated based on the meta-analysis data, and the results show that high-confidence p53 target genes are involved in multiple cellular responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, autophagy, mRNA translation and feedback mechanisms. However, many p53 target genes are identified only in a small number of studies and have a higher likelihood of being false positives. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed for mediating gene regulation in response to p53, recent advances in our understanding of p53 function show that p53 itself is solely an activator of transcription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21. Taking into account the function of p53 as an activator of transcription, recent results point to an unsophisticated means of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Majima T, Tyagi P, Dogishi K, Kashyap M, Funahashi Y, Gotoh M, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N. Effect of Intravesical Liposome-Based Nerve Growth Factor Antisense Therapy on Bladder Overactivity and Nociception in a Rat Model of Cystitis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:598-609. [PMID: 28446032 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether liposome-based local suppression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the bladder has effects on bladder hypersensitivity in a rat cystitis model induced by intravesical instillation of hydrogen peroxide (HP). HP (1.5%) was intravesically administered to adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Liposomes complexed with NGF antisense oligonucleotide (OND) labeled with TYE563 fluorescent tag were intravesically instilled on day 2. Red fluorescence from the TYE 563 tag was observed with fluorescent microscopy on day 3. Four separate groups of rats were used in the following experiments: (a) sham-liposome group, (b) sham-OND group, (c) cystitis-liposome group, and (d) cystitis-OND group. Saline or 1.5% HP was intravesically administered on day 0. Empty liposomes or liposomes-antisense OND were instilled into the bladder on day 2. The following experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of NGF antisense treatment on day 7: (a) continuous cystometry was performed in an awake condition; (b) pain behavior induced by instillation of resiniferatoxin into the bladder, including licking behavior (lower abdominal licking) and freezing behavior (motionless head-turning toward lower abdomen), was observed; (c) immunohistochemical staining of the bladder and L6 DRG for NGF was performed; (d) the expression of several genes in the bladder was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); and (e) after Fast Blue was injected into the bladder wall, Fast Blue-positive or -negative cells in DRG neurons were separately collected by using a laser-capture microdissection method 7 days later. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate gene expressions in captured neuronal cells. The expression of TYE563 was identified only in the urothelial layer. In cystometric investigation, intercontraction intervals (ICI) were significantly (p = 0.001) shorter in the cystitis-liposome group in comparison to the sham-liposome group. ICI was significantly (p = 0.007) longer in the cystitis-OND group compared to the cystitis-liposome group. Comparisons of the sham-liposome and the sham-OND groups showed no significant difference in ICI (p = 0.56). Licking events did not significantly differ among the four groups. In contrast, the cystitis-liposome group showed significantly more freezing events than the sham-liposome group did (p = 0.002). A significant reduction in the number of freezing events was observed in the cystitis-OND group compared to the cystitis-liposome group (p = 0.04). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that NGF expression in the mucosa (p = 0.02) and L6 DRG (p = 0.01) was significantly higher in the cystitis-liposome group than it was in the sham-liposome group. The expression of NGF was significantly lower in the mucosa (p = 0.002) and L6 DRG (p = 0.01) in the cystitis-OND group compared to the cystitis-liposome group. RT-PCR showed that the expression of NGF and TRPV1 mRNA in the mucosa was significantly higher in the cystitis-liposome group than it was in the sham-liposome group (p = 0.001 and 0.03, respectively). On the other hand, these gene expressions were significantly lower in the cystitis-OND group than they were in the cystitis-liposome group (p = 0.007 and 0.02, respectively). The cystitis-liposome group showed significantly higher expression of TRPA1, P2X3, and BDNF mRNA in labeled bladder afferent neurons than the sham-liposome group did (p = 0.03, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively). These gene expressions were significantly lower in the cystitis-OND group compared to the cystitis-liposome group (p = 0.04, 0.006, and 0.03, respectively). The study indicated that intravesical application of liposome-NGF antisense OND significantly improved bladder hypersensitivity induced by chemical cystitis in rats. Intravesical treatment with liposome-OND conjugates could be a novel local therapy of hypersensitive bladder disorders such as bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Majima
- 1 Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan .,2 Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- 2 Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Koji Dogishi
- 2 Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mahendra Kashyap
- 2 Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yasuhito Funahashi
- 1 Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Momokazu Gotoh
- 1 Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael B Chancellor
- 4 Department of Urology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine , Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- 2 Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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The Charcot Marie Tooth disease protein LITAF is a zinc-binding monotopic membrane protein. Biochem J 2016; 473:3965-3978. [PMID: 27582497 PMCID: PMC5095921 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
LITAF (LPS-induced TNF-activating factor) is an endosome-associated integral membrane protein important for multivesicular body sorting. Several mutations in LITAF cause autosomal-dominant Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1C. These mutations map to a highly conserved C-terminal region, termed the LITAF domain, which includes a 22 residue hydrophobic sequence and flanking cysteine-rich regions that contain peptide motifs found in zinc fingers. Although the LITAF domain is thought to be responsible for membrane integration, the membrane topology of LITAF has not been established. Here, we have investigated whether LITAF is a tail-anchored (TA) membrane-spanning protein or monotopic membrane protein. When translated in vitro, LITAF integrates poorly into ER-derived microsomes compared with Sec61β, a bona fide TA protein. Furthermore, introduction of N-linked glycosylation reporters shows that neither the N-terminal nor C-terminal domains of LITAF translocate into the ER lumen. Expression in cells of an LITAF construct containing C-terminal glycosylation sites confirms that LITAF is not a TA protein in cells. Finally, an immunofluorescence-based latency assay showed that both the N- and C-termini of LITAF are exposed to the cytoplasm. Recombinant LITAF contains 1 mol/mol zinc, while mutation of predicted zinc-binding residues disrupts LITAF membrane association. Hence, we conclude that LITAF is a monotopic membrane protein whose membrane integration is stabilised by a zinc finger. The related human protein, CDIP1 (cell death involved p53 target 1), displays identical membrane topology, suggesting that this mode of membrane integration is conserved in LITAF family proteins.
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18
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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19
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Yoon KW, Byun S, Kwon E, Hwang SY, Chu K, Hiraki M, Jo SH, Weins A, Hakroush S, Cebulla A, Sykes DB, Greka A, Mundel P, Fisher DE, Mandinova A, Lee SW. Control of signaling-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells by the tumor suppressor p53. Science 2015; 349:1261669. [PMID: 26228159 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inefficient clearance of dying cells can lead to abnormal immune responses, such as unresolved inflammation and autoimmune conditions. We show that tumor suppressor p53 controls signaling-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells through its target, Death Domain1α (DD1α), which suggests that p53 promotes both the proapoptotic pathway and postapoptotic events. DD1α appears to function as an engulfment ligand or receptor that engages in homophilic intermolecular interaction at intercellular junctions of apoptotic cells and macrophages, unlike other typical scavenger receptors that recognize phosphatidylserine on the surface of dead cells. DD1α-deficient mice showed in vivo defects in clearing dying cells, which led to multiple organ damage indicative of immune dysfunction. p53-induced expression of DD1α thus prevents persistence of cell corpses and ensures efficient generation of precise immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eunjeong Kwon
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - So-Young Hwang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kiki Chu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Masatsugu Hiraki
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Jo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samy Hakroush
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angelika Cebulla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Glom-NExT Center for Glomerular Kidney Disease and Novel Experimental Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Mundel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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20
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Screening Active Compounds from Garcinia Species Native to China Reveals Novel Compounds Targeting the STAT/JAK Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:910453. [PMID: 26090459 PMCID: PMC4450297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/910453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds from medicinal plants are important resources for drug development. In a panel of human tumor cells, we screened a library of the natural products from Garcinia species which have anticancer potential to identify new potential therapeutic leads and discovered that caged xanthones were highly effective at suppressing multiple cancer cell lines. Their anticancer activities mainly depended on apoptosis pathways. For compounds in sensitive cancer line, their mechanisms of mode of action were evaluated. 33-Hydroxyepigambogic acid and 35-hydroxyepigambogic acid exhibited about 1 μM IC50 values against JAK2/JAK3 kinases and less than 1 μM IC50 values against NCI-H1650 cell which autocrined IL-6. Thus these two compounds provided a new antitumor molecular scaffold. Our report describes 33-hydroxyepigambogic acid and 35-hydroxyepigambogic acid that inhibited NCI-H1650 cell growth by suppressing constitutive STAT3 activation via direct inhibition of JAK kinase activity.
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21
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Expression of p53 target genes in the early phase of long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampal CA1 area. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:242158. [PMID: 25767724 PMCID: PMC4341845 DOI: 10.1155/2015/242158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression plays an important role in the mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a widely accepted experimental model of synaptic plasticity. We have studied the expression of at least 50 genes that are transcriptionally regulated by p53, as well as other genes that are related to p53-dependent processes, in the early phase of LTP. Within 30 min after Schaffer collaterals (SC) tetanization, increases in the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, which are upregulated by p53, and a decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl2, which are downregulated by p53, were observed. The inhibition of Mdm2 by nutlin-3 increased the basal p53 protein level and rescued its tetanization-induced depletion, which suggested the involvement of Mdm2 in the control over p53 during LTP. Furthermore, nutlin-3 caused an increase in the basal expression of Bax and a decrease in the basal expression of Bcl2, whereas tetanization-induced changes in their expression were occluded. These results support the hypothesis that p53 may be involved in transcriptional regulation during the early phase of LTP. We hope that the presented data may aid in the understanding of the contribution of p53 and related genes in the processes that are associated with synaptic plasticity.
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TNF-mediated inflammation represses GATA1 and activates p38 MAP kinase in RPS19-deficient hematopoietic progenitors. Blood 2014; 124:3791-8. [PMID: 25270909 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-584656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited disorder characterized by defects in erythropoiesis, congenital abnormalities, and predisposition to cancer. Approximately 25% of DBA patients have a mutation in RPS19, which encodes a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Upregulation of p53 contributes to the pathogenesis of DBA, but the link between ribosomal protein mutations and erythropoietic defects is not well understood. We found that RPS19 deficiency in hematopoietic progenitor cells leads to decreased GATA1 expression in the erythroid progenitor population and p53-dependent upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in nonerythroid cells. The decrease in GATA1 expression was mediated, at least in part, by activation of p38 MAPK in erythroid cells and rescued by inhibition of TNF-α or p53. The anemia phenotype in rps19-deficient zebrafish was reversed by treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept. Our data reveal that RPS19 deficiency leads to inflammation, p53-dependent increase in TNF-α, activation of p38 MAPK, and decreased GATA1 expression, suggesting a novel mechanism for the erythroid defects observed in DBA.
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Namba T, Tian F, Chu K, Hwang SY, Yoon KW, Byun S, Hiraki M, Mandinova A, Lee SW. CDIP1-BAP31 complex transduces apoptotic signals from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria under endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Rep 2013; 5:331-9. [PMID: 24139803 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is essential for intracellular homeostatic balance, but unsettled ER stress can lead to apoptosis. Here, we show that a proapoptotic p53 target, CDIP1, acts as a key signal transducer of ER-stress-mediated apoptosis. We identify B-cell-receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) as an interacting partner of CDIP1. Upon ER stress, CDIP1 is induced and enhances an association with BAP31 at the ER membrane. We also show that CDIP1 binding to BAP31 is required for BAP31 cleavage upon ER stress and for BAP31-Bcl-2 association. The recruitment of Bcl-2 to the BAP31-CDIP1 complex, as well as CDIP1-dependent truncated Bid (tBid) and caspase-8 activation, contributes to BAX oligomerization. Genetic knockout of CDIP1 in mice leads to impaired response to ER-stress-mediated apoptosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the CDIP1/BAP31-mediated regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway represents a mechanism for establishing an ER-mitochondrial crosstalk for ER-stress-mediated apoptosis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Namba
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fang Tian
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kiki Chu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - So-Young Hwang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Masatsugu Hiraki
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Du M, Qiu Q, Gruslin A, Gordon J, He M, Chan CC, Li D, Tsang BK. SB225002 promotes mitotic catastrophe in chemo-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells independent of p53 status in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54572. [PMID: 23359652 PMCID: PMC3554720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that CXCR2 signaling is crucial for cancer progression, and its antagonist SB225002 induces apoptosis in Wilms’ tumor cells. Here, we investigated the effect of SB225002 on cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in vitro, using CDDP-sensitive and -resistant OVCA cell lines with different p53 status (wild type, mutant or null). Adenovirus infection of wild-type p53 or transfection of p53 siRNA was used to over-express or knock-down p53. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry or Hoechst staining and observation of nuclear morphology. Our data demonstrated that SB225002 induced apoptosis in both wild-type and p53-deficient ovarian cancer (OVCA) cells through alternative mechanisms. SB225002 promoted mitotic catastrophe, as evidenced by the accumulation of mitotic cells with spindle abnormalities, chromosome mis-segregation, multi-polar cell division, multiple nuclei, aneuploidy/polyploidy and subsequent extensive apoptosis. SB225002-induced mitotic catastrophe appeared to be mediated by down-regulation of checkpoint kinase Chk1 and Cdk1-cyclin B activation. In cells expressing wild-type p53 (OV2008 and C13*), SB225002 increased total and phospho-Ser p53 levels, and p53 knock-down decreased SB225002-induced apoptosis, without affecting premature mitosis. These results suggest that SB225002 induces p53-dependent apoptosis, and provokes mitotic catastrophe in p53-independent manner in p53 wild-type cells. Reconstitution with wild-type P53 in P53-null SKOV3 cell attenuated SB225002-induced mitotic catastrophe, suggesting p53 prevented mitotic catastrophe induced by SB225002 in p53-deficient OVCA cells. Finally, the effect of SB225002 could not be prevented by pretreatment with CXCR2 ligand or its neutralizing antibody. The present studies demonstrate for the first time that SB225002 has dual actions in OVCA cells, inducing classic apoptosis through p53 activation and provoking mitotic catastrophe in both p53 wild-type and deficient cells by Chk1 inhibition and Cdk activation. These findings raise the possibility of SB225002 as a new candidate molecule for OVCA therapy independent of the p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Qing Qiu
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andree Gruslin
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Gordon
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Miao He
- WuXi AppTech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
- * E-mail: (DJL) (DL); (BKT) (BT)
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hainan Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Haikou, China
- World Class University (WCU) Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DJL) (DL); (BKT) (BT)
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Brown-Endres L, Schoenfeld D, Tian F, Kim HG, Namba T, Muñoz-Fontela C, Mandinova A, Aaronson SA, Lee SW. Expression of the p53 target CDIP correlates with sensitivity to TNFα-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2373-82. [PMID: 22549949 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals for both survival and apoptotic cell fates. It is still unclear that the dual role of TNFα can be regulated in cancer cells. We previously described an apoptotic pathway involving p53→CDIP→TNFα that was activated in response to genotoxic stress. This pathway operated in the presence of JNK activation; therefore, we postulated that CDIP itself could sensitize cells to a TNFα apoptotic cell fate, survival, or death. We show that CDIP mediates sensitivity to TNFα-induced apoptosis and that cancer cells with endogenous CDIP expression are inherently sensitive to the growth-suppressive effects of TNFα in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CDIP expression correlates with sensitivity of cancer cells with TNFα, and CDIP seems to be a regulator of the p53-mediated death versus survival response of cells to TNFα. This CDIP-mediated sensitivity to TNFα-induced apoptosis favors pro- over antiapoptotic program in cancer cells, and CDIP may serve as a predictive biomarker for such sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brown-Endres
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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26
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Differential effects on p53-mediated cell cycle arrest vs. apoptosis by p90. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18937-42. [PMID: 22084066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110988108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 functions as a central node for organizing whether the cell responds to stress with apoptosis or cell cycle arrest; however, the molecular events that lead to apoptotic responses are not completely understood. Here, we identified p90 (also called Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 8) as a unique regulator for p53. p90 has no obvious effects on either the levels of p53 or p53-mediated cell cycle arrest but is specifically required for p53-mediated apoptosis upon DNA damage. Notably, p90 is crucial for Tip60-dependent p53 acetylation at Lys120, therefore facilitating activation of the proapoptotic targets. These studies indicate that p90 is a critical cofactor for p53-mediated apoptosis through promoting Tip60-mediated p53 acetylation.
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Raj L, Ide T, Gurkar AU, Foley M, Schenone M, Li X, Tolliday NJ, Golub TR, Carr SA, Shamji AF, Stern AM, Mandinova A, Schreiber SL, Lee SW. Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS. Nature 2011; 475:231-4. [PMID: 21753854 PMCID: PMC3316487 DOI: 10.1038/nature10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 834] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation, driven by gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumour suppressor genes, results in cell deregulation that is frequently associated with enhanced cellular stress (for example, oxidative, replicative, metabolic and proteotoxic stress, and DNA damage). Adaptation to this stress phenotype is required for cancer cells to survive, and consequently cancer cells may become dependent upon non-oncogenes that do not ordinarily perform such a vital function in normal cells. Thus, targeting these non-oncogene dependencies in the context of a transformed genotype may result in a synthetic lethal interaction and the selective death of cancer cells. Here we used a cell-based small-molecule screening and quantitative proteomics approach that resulted in the unbiased identification of a small molecule that selectively kills cancer cells but not normal cells. Piperlongumine increases the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death in both cancer cells and normal cells engineered to have a cancer genotype, irrespective of p53 status, but it has little effect on either rapidly or slowly dividing primary normal cells. Significant antitumour effects are observed in piperlongumine-treated mouse xenograft tumour models, with no apparent toxicity in normal mice. Moreover, piperlongumine potently inhibits the growth of spontaneously formed malignant breast tumours and their associated metastases in mice. Our results demonstrate the ability of a small molecule to induce apoptosis selectively in cells that have a cancer genotype, by targeting a non-oncogene co-dependency acquired through the expression of the cancer genotype in response to transformation-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Raj
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Takao Ide
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael Foley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Todd R. Golub
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alykhan F. Shamji
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew M. Stern
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Sam W. Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, MA 02142, USA
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Koiri RK, Trigun SK. Dimethyl sulfoxide activates tumor necrosis factorα-p53 mediated apoptosis and down regulates d-fructose-6-phosphate-2-kinase and lactate dehydrogenase-5 in Dalton's lymphoma in vivo. Leuk Res 2011; 35:950-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vincent A, Omura N, Hong SM, Jaffe A, Eshleman J, Goggins M. Genome-wide analysis of promoter methylation associated with gene expression profile in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4341-54. [PMID: 21610144 PMCID: PMC3131423 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to comprehensively identify CpG island methylation alterations between pancreatic cancers and normal pancreata and their associated gene expression alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We employed methylated CpG island amplification followed by CpG island microarray, a method previously validated for its accuracy and reproducibility, to analyze the methylation profile of 27,800 CpG islands covering 21 MB of the human genome in nine pairs of pancreatic cancer versus normal pancreatic epithelial tissues and in three matched pairs of pancreatic cancer versus lymphoid tissues from the same individual. RESULTS This analysis identified 1,658 known loci that were commonly differentially methylated in pancreatic cancer compared with normal pancreas. By integrating the pancreatic DNA methylation status with the gene expression profiles of the same samples before and after treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, we identified dozens of aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes in pancreatic cancers including a more comprehensive list of hypermethylated and silenced genes that have not been previously described as targets for aberrant methylation in cancer. CONCLUSION We expected that the identification of aberrantly hypermethylated and silenced genes will have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Vincent
- Department of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kim HG, Hwang SY, Aaronson SA, Mandinova A, Lee SW. DDR1 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes prosurvival pathway through Notch1 activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17672-81. [PMID: 21398698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1) kinase s highly expressed in a variety of human cancers and occasionally mutated in lung cancer and leukemia. It is now clear that aberrant signaling through the DDR1 receptor is closely associated with various steps of tumorigenesis, although little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the role of DDR1 in cancer. Besides the role of DDR1 in tumorigenesis, we previously identified DDR1 kinase as a transcriptional target of tumor suppressor p53. DDR1 is functionally activated as determined by its tyrosine phosphorylation, in response to p53-dependent DNA damage. In this study, we report the characterization of the Notch1 protein as an interacting partner of DDR1 receptor, as determined by tandem affinity protein purification. Upon ligand-mediated DDR1 kinase activation, Notch1 was activated, bound to DDR1, and activated canonical Notch1 targets, including Hes1 and Hey2. Moreover, DDR1 ligand (collagen I) treatment significantly increased the active form of Notch1 receptor in the nuclear fraction, whereas DDR1 knockdown cells show little or no increase of the active form of Notch1 in the nuclear fraction, suggesting a novel intracellular mechanism underlying autocrine activation of wild-type Notch signaling through DDR1. DDR1 activation suppressed genotoxic-mediated cell death, whereas Notch1 inhibition by a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, enhanced cell death in response to stress. Moreover, the DDR1 knockdown cancer cells showed the reduced transformed phenotypes in vitro and in vivo xenograft studies. The results suggest that DDR1 exerts prosurvival effect, at least in part, through the functional interaction with Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Gu Kim
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Fischer A, Nothnagel M, Schürmann M, Müller-Quernheim J, Schreiber S, Hofmann S. A genome-wide linkage analysis in 181 German sarcoidosis families using clustered biallelic markers. Chest 2010; 138:151-7. [PMID: 20190003 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis (SA) is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disorder with complex etiology and strong clustering in families. Genome-wide association studies have been successful in the identification of common risk variants for the disease. To reveal susceptibility variants with low frequencies but strong effects, we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in a large sample of SA families. METHODS We genotyped 528 members of 181 German SA families for 3,882 single nucleotide polymorphism assays from the SNPlex System Human Linkage Mapping Set 4K. RESULTS Nonparametric linkage analysis revealed one region of suggestive linkage on chromosome 12p13.31 at 20 cM (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 2.53; local P value = .0003) and another linkage peak of nearly suggestive linkage on 9q33.1 at 134 cM (LOD = 2.12; local P value = .0009). The latter has been reported to show suggestive evidence for linkage in a sample of 229 African American SA families previously. Analysis of acute and chronically affected families revealed a subphenotype-specific linkage pattern and an additional, nearly suggestive linkage peak on chromosome 16p13.11 at 38 cM (LOD = 2.09; local P value = .001), which was confined to acute SA. CONCLUSION Our results propose that the respective regions might harbor yet-unidentified, possibly subphenotype-specific risk factors for the disease (eg, with immune-related functions like the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1). They should be proved to be important for SA pathogenesis and investigated in detail with an emphasis on rare variants. Subphenotype-specific risk factors might serve for prognosis of the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Rivas C, Aaronson SA, Munoz-Fontela C. Dual Role of p53 in Innate Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2010; 2:298-313. [PMID: 21994612 PMCID: PMC3185551 DOI: 10.3390/v2010298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is widely known as 'the guardian of the genome' due to its ability to prevent the emergence of transformed cells by the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, recent studies indicate that p53 is also a direct transcriptional target of type I interferons (IFNs) and thus, it is activated by these cytokines upon viral infection. p53 has been shown to contribute to virus-induced apoptosis, therefore dampening the ability of a wide range of viruses to replicate and spread. Interestingly, recent studies also indicate that several IFN-inducible genes such as interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9), IRF5, IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) are in fact, p53 direct transcriptional targets. These findings indicate that p53 may play a key role in antiviral innate immunity by both inducing apoptosis in response to viral infection, and enforcing the type I IFN response, and provide a new insight into the evolutionary reasons why many viruses encode p53 antagonistic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rivas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28049, Spain; E-Mail: (C.R.)
| | - Stuart A. Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mail: (S.A.A.)
| | - Cesar Munoz-Fontela
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mail: (S.A.A.)
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Bazhanova ED, Pavlov KI, Popovich IG, Anisimov VN. Ontogenetic peculiarities of regulation of apoptosis of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in TNF-knockout mice. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093009050107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Castro NP, Osório CABT, Torres C, Bastos EP, Mourão-Neto M, Soares FA, Brentani HP, Carraro DM. Evidence that molecular changes in cells occur before morphological alterations during the progression of breast ductal carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R87. [PMID: 18928525 PMCID: PMC2614523 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast includes a heterogeneous group of preinvasive tumors with uncertain evolution. Definition of the molecular factors necessary for progression to invasive disease is crucial to determining which lesions are likely to become invasive. To obtain insight into the molecular basis of DCIS, we compared the gene expression pattern of cells from the following samples: non-neoplastic, pure DCIS, in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods Forty-one samples were evaluated: four non-neoplastic, five pure DCIS, 22 in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma, and 10 invasive ductal carcinoma. Pure cell populations were isolated using laser microdissection. Total RNA was purified, DNase treated, and amplified using the T7-based method. Microarray analysis was conducted using a customized cDNA platform. The concept of molecular divergence was applied to classify the sample groups using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test. Results Among the tumor sample groups, cells from pure DCIS exhibited the most divergent molecular profile, consequently identifying cells from in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma as very similar to cells from invasive lesions. Additionally, we identified 147 genes that were differentially expressed between pure DCIS and in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma, which can discriminate samples representative of in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma from 60% of pure DCIS samples. A gene subset was evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR, which confirmed differential expression for 62.5% and 60.0% of them using initial and partial independent sample groups, respectively. Among these genes, LOX and SULF-1 exhibited features that identify them as potential participants in the malignant process of DCIS. Conclusions We identified new genes that are potentially involved in the malignant transformation of DCIS, and our findings strongly suggest that cells from the in situ component of lesions with co-existing invasive ductal carcinoma exhibit molecular alterations that enable them to invade the surrounding tissue before morphological changes in the lesion become apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia P Castro
- Laboratório de Genômica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A C Camargo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jenkins LMM, Mazur SJ, Rossi M, Gaidarenko O, Xu Y, Appella E. Quantitative proteomics analysis of the effects of ionizing radiation in wild type and p53 K317R knock-in mouse thymocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:716-27. [PMID: 18178582 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700482-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that has crucial roles in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, and DNA repair. Following exposure to a variety of stresses, p53 becomes post-translationally modified with concomitant increases in activity and stability. To better understand the role of acetylation of Lys-317 in mouse p53, the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on the thymocytes of p53(K317R) knock-in mice was studied at the global level. Using cleavable ICAT quantitative mass spectrometry, the effect of IR on protein levels in either the wild type or p53(K317R) thymocytes was determined. We found 102 proteins to be significantly affected by IR in the wild type thymocytes, including several whose expression has been shown to be directly regulated by p53. When the effects of IR in the wild type and p53(K317R) samples were compared, 46 proteins were found to be differently affected (p < 0.05). The p53(K317R) mutation has widespread effects on specific protein levels following IR, including the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis, transcription, and translation. Pathway analysis of the differently regulated proteins suggests an increase in p53 activity in the p53(K317R) thymocytes as well as a decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling. These results suggest that acetylation of Lys-317 modulates the functions of p53 and influences the cross-talk between the DNA damage response and other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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