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Vega-Escobar K, Bonilla-Escobar FJ, Salamanca O, Martinez-Blanco AM, Garcia LS, Collazos P, Bravo LE. Epidemiology of Eye Cancer in Cali, Colombia: A 55-Year Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:374-384. [PMID: 37849291 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2269253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology, incidence, mortality and survival of ocular cancer in Cali between 1962 and 2019. METHODS Ecological population-based study analyzing data of incidence, mortality, and 5-years survival of malignant ocular tumors from the Populational Cancer Registry of Cali between 1962 and 2019. RESULTS Between 1962 and 2019, 586 ocular tumors were found, 50.5% occurred in females, the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years (standard deviation = 25), 70.3% of ocular malignancies occurred in >14 years. The average annual incidence rate was 7.8 per million for male and 6.9 per million for females. Retinoblastoma (21%), squamous cell carcinoma (20%), melanoma (16%) and lymphoma (8%) were the most common neoplasm. In those <15 years, the most frequent malignant tumors were retinoblastomas (85.7%), followed by non-specified malignant neoplasm (NOS, 7.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%). In those >14 years, there were NOS (30%), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (28%), melanomas (23%), and lymphomas (9.7%). Conjunctiva (38.2%), retina (21%) and orbit (10%) constituted the majority of anatomical sites of ocular tumors. The survival rate was about 83.2% and mortality did not show a decreasing trend over time (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of ocular cancer in Cali has a slightly increasing trend, with stable behavior in the last decades. Squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma are the most frequent ocular cancers, with being retinoblastoma more frequent than melanoma. In general, ocular cancer had good survival rates in Cali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Vega-Escobar
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Francisco J Bonilla-Escobar
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Institute for Clinical Research Education; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Fundación Somos Ciencia al Servicio de la Comunidad, Fundación SCISCO/Science to Serve the Community Foundation, SCISCO Foundation, Cali, Colombia
| | - Omar Salamanca
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Orbis International, New York, USA
| | - Alexander M Martinez-Blanco
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Garcia
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Paola Collazos
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Alghamdi AH, Ahmed AA, Abdalgadir H, Bashir M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Elzubier ME, Adnan Almaimani R, Refaat B, Alzahrani K, Alghamdi SM, Gul S. In-vitro Cytotoxicity Investigations for Phytoconstituents of Saudi Medicinal Plants With Putative Ocular Effects. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241256649. [PMID: 38819027 PMCID: PMC11143859 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241256649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic secondary ocular tumors spread from systemic malignancies, including breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts from 5 medicinal plants native to Saudi Arabia. METHODS For preliminary activity screening, cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and selectivity index determinations were made for medicinal plant extracts against various cancer cell-lines. The most promising extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Clonogenic assays were performed using the most promising extract to confirm the initial results. Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the modulation in expression of survivin and P27 suppressor genes in the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell-line to understand the potential mechanistic properties of the active plant extract. RESULTS The 5 plant extracts showed various cytotoxic activity levels using IC50. The most active extract was found to be the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) against the MCF7 breast cancer cell-line (IC50 = 3.61 ± 0.99 μg/ml) and selectivity index of 1.17 compared to the normal human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells. BEP-07 extract showed a dose dependent clonogenic effect against the MCF7 colonies which was comparable with the effect of doxorubicin. BEP-07 extract caused a significant decrease of survivin and increase in P27 expression compared to control GAPDH at its highest dose (14 µg/ml). The GC-MS chromatogram of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) revealed the existence of 145 compounds, belonging to the diverse classes of phytoconstituents. Fatty acids and their derivatives represent 15.4%, whilst octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester was the principal component (7.9%) detected. CONCLUSION Leaves of Capparis spinosa L. (BEP-07 extract) exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect particularly against breast cancer cells. It exhibited this effect through survivin inhibition and via P27 upregulation. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in tested cytotoxic activity, while further investigations are required to complete the drug candidate profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimun A.E. Ahmed
- Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
- Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hamburg, Germany
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Saad AL-Zomia A, AL-Zehefa IA, Alqarni AM, Al Muidh AM, Mesfer Almousa A, Faez Al-Qaed A, Alshahrani AS, Mohammed Asiri B, Asiri GB, Ali Lahiq L, Al-Amri MA, Al-Nujimi MS, Alfaisal SM, Tawhari I. A Retrospective Study of Ocular Cancer in Saudi Arabia: 25-Year Analysis. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3103-3111. [PMID: 37877115 PMCID: PMC10591673 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s433118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ocular malignancies are uncommon among eye diseases; however, they jeopardize both vision and life. The main objective of this study was to use to describe the epidemiology of eye and ocular adnexa malignancies across different ages and sex. Methods The King Khaled University institutional review board approved this study. Data on ocular cancer were retrieved from the Saudi Cancer Registry between 1994 and 2018. The registry collected important patient information such as demographic information (age, gender, and nationality), clinical details, and tumor classification. Results The total number of cases with ocular cancer diagnosed was 1051 cases. The highest number was recorded in Riyadh (35.39%, n=372), followed by Makkah (16.93%, n=178). The incidence was higher in the 0-4 years' age group (55.21%), and it got down as people got older. The data also revealed differences in the number of reported cases over time, as well as in the representation of eye cancer cases by gender and nationality. While many ocular cancer pathologies were seen, with "Retinoblastoma, not otherwise specified" being the most common (53.32%), the incidence rates for males and females remained largely stable over time. Conclusion The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring, research, and analysis of potential of epidemiology of ocular cancer occurrence in Saudi Arabia. Identifying the geographical distribution and age pattern of Ocular malignancies have the potential to assist healthcare authorities and policymakers in developing precise strategies to reduce, recognize at an early stage, and successfully manage this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lama Ali Lahiq
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Tawhari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Abolhosseini M, Khorrami Z, Safi S, Akbari ME, Moshtaghion SM, Mohammadi SF, Kanavi MR, Karimi S. A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1074. [PMID: 36658192 PMCID: PMC9852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age-period-cohort model. Geographic distribution of ASIR was assessed using GIS. Overall ASIR of ocular cancers was 16.04/100,000 (95% CI 15.77-16.32). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant increase of ASIR between 2004 and 2009 for males (APC = 5.5, 95% CI 0.9-10.2), ages over 50 years (APC = 5.2, 1.2-9.4), skin/canthus/adnexal cancers (APC = 4.2, 0.8-7.7), and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas (APC = 4.3, 0.6-8.1); however, between 2009 and 2016 a declining trend was observed in all investigated variables. ASIR of retinoblastoma was significantly increased (averaged APC = 20.7, 9-33.7) between 2004 and 2016. age-period-cohort analyses showed that incidence rates of ocular cancers significantly increased with aging, time periods, and birth cohort effects (p < 0.001). ASIR varied from 6.7/100,000 to 21.7/100,000 in Iran. Excepting retinoblastoma, all ocular cancer incidence trends were downward over a 13-year period; however, it was increasing between 2004 and 2009 cancer. ASIR was significant aging in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohamadmehdi Moshtaghion
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Mohammadi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
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Lee CH, Lee H, Lee SM, Choi EY, Lee J, Kim M. Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Features of Choroidal Nevi in the Korean Population. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226666. [PMID: 36431143 PMCID: PMC9698851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal nevus is a precursor of choroidal melanoma. Multimodal imaging has become vital in predicting the malignant transformation of choroidal nevi. This single-center, retrospective study analyzed clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging findings of 168 choroidal nevi (164 patients) of the Korean population. The mean age at presentation was 50 ± 15 (range, 13−85) (women, n = 88 [53.7%]). Choroidal nevi (melanotic, n = 164 [97.6%]; postequatorial, n = 160 [95.2%]) were densely located between the optic disc and foveola (65.5%). The mean maximum linear basal diameter on fundus photography and thickness on optical coherence tomography were 2.97 ± 1.51 mm and 521 ± 297 μm, respectively. On ultrasonography, the mean thickness was 0.87 ± 0.60 mm. Choroidal nevi in women were associated with a higher maximum linear basal diameter (3.23 ± 1.65 vs. 2.68 ± 1.21 mm; p = 0.033) and age at diagnosis (52 ± 14 vs. 47 ± 16 years; p = 0.046) than those in men. Choroidal nevi with associated subretinal fluid (23.2%) presented with larger basal diameter (p = 0.049) and thickness on B-scan and optical coherence tomography (p < 0.001), but a younger age at diagnosis (p < 0.001) than those of dry nevi. This multimodal imaging study of choroidal nevi revealed some distinct characteristics, including topographic distribution, sex-related differences, and a younger age at diagnosis of nevi with fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3440
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Sinyiza FW, Chisale MRO, Kayira AB, Chimbatata CS, Kaseka PU, Kamudumuli P, Wu TSJ, Mbakaya BC. Histopathological profile of orbito-ocular cancers at a tertiary hospital in Northern Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2022; 7:e000977. [PMID: 35402729 PMCID: PMC8948413 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Orbito-ocular cancers are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in our population, yet these cancers have not been adequately described in Malawi. This study sought to describe the burden and histopathological profile of orbito-ocular cancers in Northern Malawi. Methods and Analysis A retrospective review of pathology reports was done. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarise patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, and histopathological results. A binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between demographic variables, site of lesion and cancer. Results 210 pathology reports of orbito-ocular biopsies were reviewed. 60.0% of patients were female. The majority (39.5%) of patients were in the 31 to 40 age group but overall mean age (±SD) was 34.81±15.9 years. Cancer was diagnosed in 84 (40.0%) patients. Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the majority (82.1%) of cancers followed by retinoblastoma at 7.1%. Orbito-ocular cancers were associated with HIV infection (OR5.9, 95% CI 2.0 to 17.2) and intraocular tumours were 8.3 times (OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 33.8) more likely to be malignant. However, squamous cell carcinoma was the only type of cancer found in patients with HIV infection and mostly affected the conjunctiva, constituting 94.4% of cancers affecting this site. Retinoblastoma on the other hand only affected children less than 10 years of age. Conclusion Cancer constituted a substantial proportion of orbito-ocular lesions in our study population, with conjunctiva being the common site. This calls for improved capacity to prevent, diagnose and manage orbito-oracular cancers in Northern Malawi and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alfred B Kayira
- Laboratory Department, Mzuzu Central Hospital, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | | | | | - Pocha Kamudumuli
- Laboratory Department, University of Maryland and Global Initiative Corporation, Liongwe, Malawi
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Akiki D, El Hage S, El Masri J, Chanbour W. Epidemiology of Ocular Malignancies Among the Lebanese Population: A 12-Year Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e21593. [PMID: 35228951 PMCID: PMC8867964 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Goswami M. Deep learning models for benign and malign ocular tumor growth estimation. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 93:101986. [PMID: 34509705 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Relatively abundant availability of medical imaging data has provided significant support in the development and testing of Neural Network based image processing methods. Clinicians often face issues in selecting suitable image processing algorithm for medical imaging data. A strategy for the selection of a proper model is presented here. The training data set comprises optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A) images of 50 mice eyes with more than 100 days follow-up. The data contains images from treated and untreated mouse eyes. Four deep learning variants are tested for automatic (a) differentiation of tumor region with healthy retinal layer and (b) segmentation of 3D ocular tumor volumes. Exhaustive sensitivity analysis of deep learning models is performed with respect to the number of training and testing images using eight performance indices to study accuracy, reliability/reproducibility, and speed. U-net with UVgg16 is best for malign tumor data set with treatment (having considerable variation) and U-net with Inception backbone for benign tumor data (with minor variation). Loss value and root mean square error (R.M.S.E.) are found most and least sensitive performance indices, respectively. The performance (via indices) is found to be exponentially improving regarding a number of training images. The segmented OCT-Angiography data shows that neovascularization drives the tumor volume. Image analysis shows that photodynamic imaging-assisted tumor treatment protocol is transforming an aggressively growing tumor into a cyst. An empirical expression is obtained to help medical professionals choose a particular model given the number of images and types of characteristics. We recommend that the presented exercise should be taken as standard practice before employing a particular deep learning model for biomedical image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Goswami
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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Teoh CS, Jeyabal P, Young SM, Lim VSY. Incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in Singapore: Data from Singapore Cancer Registry. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021; 50:297-305. [PMID: 33990817 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available on the incidence of primary ophthalmic cancers worldwide. We describe the incidence and trends of primary ophthalmic cancers in Singapore. METHODS Data on ophthalmic cancers diagnosed in Singapore from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved from the Singapore Cancer Registry for analysis. All were histologically proven primary ophthalmic cancers. Calculations of incidence and age-specific frequency of ophthalmic malignancy were made. RESULTS A total of 297 cases were included, with males constituting 59.9%. The race distribution was 78.5% Chinese, 16.5% Malay, 3.7% Indians and 1.3% others. There was an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies. The mean age of onset was 47.4 years. The most common cancers were retinoblastoma (93.3%) in patients younger than 15 years, and lymphoma (71.3%) in patients aged 15 years and older. There has been an increase in lymphomas from 16.7% in 1968-1995 to 71.3% in 1996-2016 in those aged 15 years and older. The most common types of ophthalmic cancer according to location are lymphoma of the orbit, conjunctiva, cornea and lacrimal gland; retinoblastoma of the retina; and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. CONCLUSION Our study reported the incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in the Singapore population and showed an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies in Singapore from 1996-2016. A substantial increase in lymphomas over the last 2 decades was noted. The data could aid clinicians, epidemiologists and policymakers in implementing strategies to address trends in ophthalmic cancers and spur aetiological research to improve quality of life in patients with such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sheng Teoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Fallico M, Raciti G, Longo A, Reibaldi M, Bonfiglio V, Russo A, Caltabiano R, Gattuso G, Falzone L, Avitabile T. Current molecular and clinical insights into uveal melanoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:10. [PMID: 33649778 PMCID: PMC7910016 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents the most prominent primary eye cancer in adults. With an incidence of approximately 5 cases per million individuals annually in the United States, UM could be considered a relatively rare cancer. The 90-95% of UM cases arise from the choroid. Diagnosis is based mainly on a clinical examination and ancillary tests, with ocular ultrasonography being of greatest value. Differential diagnosis can prove challenging in the case of indeterminate choroidal lesions and, sometimes, monitoring for documented growth may be the proper approach. Fine needle aspiration biopsy tends to be performed with a prognostic purpose, often in combination with radiotherapy. Gene expression profiling has allowed for the grading of UMs into two classes, which feature different metastatic risks. Patients with UM require a specialized multidisciplinary management. Primary tumor treatment can be either enucleation or globe preserving. Usually, enucleation is reserved for larger tumors, while radiotherapy is preferred for small/medium melanomas. The prognosis is unfavorable due to the high mortality rate and high tendency to metastasize. Following the development of metastatic disease, the mortality rate increases to 80% within one year, due to both the absence of an effective treatment and the aggressiveness of the condition. Novel molecular studies have allowed for a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in UM biological activity, which differs compared to skin melanomas. The most commonly mutated genes are GNAQ, GNA11 and BAP1. Research in this field could help to identify effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raciti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, I‑95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, I‑10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Vincenza Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Section, University of Palermo, I‑90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', I‑80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
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Manchegowda P, Singh AD, Shields C, Kaliki S, Shah P, Gopal L, Rishi P. Uveal Melanoma in Asians: A Review. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2021; 7:159-167. [PMID: 34307326 DOI: 10.1159/000512738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite limited data, some differences in the clinical profile can be observed in Asian population when compared with presentation of uveal melanoma (UM) in white population. The incidence of UM is higher in Whites than in Asians. For the purpose of comparison with Asian population, data from North America, Europe, and Australia were considered as that of "white" population. The annual incidence of UM has been reported to be 5-6 cases/million in whites. The incidence in different parts of Asia is estimated at 0.2-0.6 per million. The age of presentation is around 40-55 years in Asians, which is younger when compared to that of whites (mean age of 58 years). At presentation, mean basal diameter of tumors in Asians is greater compared to whites but overall, medium-size tumors are most common. Clinical presentation is straightforward in majority of cases with retinal detachment, acute glaucoma, uveitis, cataract, or vitreous hemorrhage as common symptoms. Epithelioid cell-type variant carries the worst prognosis. Management options for choroidal melanoma include transpupillary thermotherapy, plaque radiotherapy, charged particle irradiation, local resection, enucleation, or orbital exenteration. Most commonly used modalities are enucleation and plaque radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Manchegowda
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Arun D Singh
- Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carol Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, Ocular Oncology Service, The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute of Eye Cancer, Hyderabad, India
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Pediatric Retina & Ocular Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital & Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Lingam Gopal
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pukhraj Rishi
- Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Wang L, Shan Y, Dai X, You N, Shao J, Pan X, Gao T, Ye J. Clinicopathological analysis of 5146 eyelid tumours and tumour-like lesions in an eye centre in South China, 2000-2018: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041854. [PMID: 33500284 PMCID: PMC7839916 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with eyelid tumours and tumour-like lesions in South China, investigate possible factors affecting tumour constitution. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING All patients diagnosed with eyelid tumours were included from a high-volume tertiary eye care centre from South China which caring for over 2000 patients per day. All biopsied specimens were reviewed by two senior pathologists and were classified according to the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. PARTICIPANT A total of 5146 cases of eyelid lesions were reviewed from 2000 to 2018, being classified by histogenesis and pathologic diagnosis, being compared with data from previous literature containing different races. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age-specific and gender-specific incidence constitutions, time trends, tumour location, distribution in different age groups and relationship with Sociodmographic Index (SDI) were calculated. RESULTS Benign tumours accounted for 85.08% (4378) of all cases, among which, nevus was most common (33.07%). Eight of top 10 benign lesions had higher occurrence in upper eyelids. The R² value of linear regression in patient annual number of benign lesions were 0.946 (p<0.01) for male and 0.914 (p<0.01) for female. More than 33.60% (1471/4378) were made up by patients younger than 40 years. The number of patients undergoing removal of benign lesions decreased with age. Among the malignant lesions, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was most prevalent (48.70%), followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma (34.24%) and majority (81.8%) occurred in patients above 60 years. CONCLUSIONS Over the past 19 years, most eyelid tumours occurred at our centre were benign lesions. The number of patients presenting with benign lesions increased in both genders, especially among young females who were more likely to request surgeries. Among malignant lesions, BCC remains the most common type, appears a higher incidence in countries with higher SDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xizhe Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na You
- Hengdian Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Ji Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangji Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a rare case of adenocarcinoma (ADC) arising in the conjunctiva which locally recurred and metastasized to the periparotid lymph nodes. METHODS This is a single observational case report. RESULTS A 79-year-old male patient was referred to us for a suspected recurrence of conjunctival carcinoma of the right eye. At presentation, we observed an elevated conjunctival lesion with corneal involvement. He was treated with neoadjuvant mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops, followed by surgical excision of the lesion, cryotherapy of the excision margins, and reconstruction with amniotic membrane graft. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as ADC. The negative systemic evaluation and the immunoprofile led us to believe the primitive nature of the tumor. The excision margins were positive, and the patient was lost to follow up for 7 months, and when he came back, a new local recurrence was diagnosed. Then, he received rescue treatment with mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops with complete regression of the lesion. No local recurrence was observed until the 14-month follow-up visit, during which the patient complained of swelling in the right parotid region. Subsequently, he underwent total parotidectomy with neck dissection. Metastasis was found in 3 periparotid lymph nodes. The patient did not receive further treatments, and no recurrences were observed over the following 20 months. CONCLUSIONS ADC arising in the conjunctiva is a very rare occurrence. Additional observation is required for the management of this rare conjunctival tumor.
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Ma ST, Hsieh YT, Wei YH, Liao SL. A 45-year experience of uveal melanoma in Taiwan: Verification of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and prognostic factors. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:1361-1368. [PMID: 33127270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To verify the staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition for uveal melanoma, and to propose the prognostic factors of uveal melanoma by a 45-year cohort study. METHODS We collected patients who underwent operation with pathological proof from 1973 to 2017. The demographic data including gender, age, laterality, metastatic pattern, and histopathology type were recorded. The predictability for survival and monotonicity of gradients of the AJCC 8th edition were evaluated. The prognostic factors for survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 72 patients were collected. The median age was 55 year-old (range 24-100). No specific gender predilection was revealed in our study. About 75.9% of metastases events happened in the first five-year of follow-up, and hepatic involvement was the most common. By the AJCC 8th edition, the distribution for stage I: II: III was 8 (11.1%), 37 (51.4%), and 27 (37.5%). The prognostic staging groups manifested fair predictability and monotonicity of gradients for survival outcome. The tumors with epithelioid cell type and ciliary body involvements had higher tumor-related mortality. CONCLUSION The AJCC 8th edition prognostic staging groups for outcome prediction was validated. Periodic screening for metastases should be more frequent in the first five-year follow-up. The tumors with epithelioid cell pattern and ciliary body involvements were at risk of higher tumor-related mortality in Taiwanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Te Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lang Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Tsai Y, Kuo C, Lin J, Yang S, Lai S, Tsai J. Gamma Knife Perfexion� radiosurgery and endo diode laser thermotherapy for choroidal melanoma with technical analysis: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:91-98. [PMID: 29375706 PMCID: PMC5766057 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiosurgery serves an important function in the treatment of patients with intraocular tumors and preserves visual function via organ conservation. Therefore, it is important to ensure the safety and precision of GK-SRS as a primary treatment for intraocular tumors. The present case study described a 57-year-old female with uveal melanoma treated with GK-SRS. Retrobulbar anesthesia following fixation of the treated eye, via the suture of two of the extraocular muscles to the stereotactic frame, was performed to immobilize the eye during treatment. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed following eye fixation, immediately prior to and following GK-SRS, to validate the accuracy of the tumor localization. The eye movement analysis revealed that the gravity center point deviations of the tumor and lens during treatment were <0.110 mm. At least 95% of the tumor volume was covered by the prescription dose according to three sets of CT images. The patient underwent a trans pars plana vitrectomy owing to a right eye vitreous hemorrhage. A 37-month follow-up assessment revealed tumor shrinkage, and the disappearance of the serous retinal detachments was noted on the basis of ophthalmoscopy and orbital magnetic resonance imaging. No major complications developed during the follow-up period. Using our treatment protocol, GK-SRS is a non-invasive procedure which is used as a brief single fraction treatment for intraocular tumor. The eye fixation method used in the present study has high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‑Chieh Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University ‑ Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
| | - Chun‑Yuan Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University ‑ Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
| | - Jia‑Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University‑Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
| | - Shun‑Tai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University‑Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
| | - Shih‑Chung Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University‑Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
| | - Jo‑Ting Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University ‑ Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan 23561, R.O.C
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16
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Kaliki S, Shields CL. Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:241-257. [PMID: 27911450 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is a relatively rare disease, primarily found in the Caucasian population, uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults with a mean age-adjusted incidence of 5.1 cases per million per year. Tumors are located either in iris (4%), ciliary body (6%), or choroid (90%). The host susceptibility factors for uveal melanoma include fair skin, light eye color, inability to tan, ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis, cutaneous or iris or choroidal nevus, and BRCA1-associated protein 1 mutation. Currently, the most widely used first-line treatment options for this malignancy are resection, radiation therapy, and enucleation. There are two main types of radiation therapy: plaque brachytherapy (iodine-125, ruthenium-106, or palladium-103, or cobalt-60) and teletherapy (proton beam, helium ion, or stereotactic radiosurgery using cyber knife, gamma knife, or linear accelerator). The alternative to radiation is enucleation. Although these therapies achieve satisfactory local disease control, long-term survival rate for patients with uveal melanoma remains guarded, with risk for liver metastasis. There have been advances in early diagnosis over the past few years, and with the hope survival rates could improve as smaller tumors are treated. As in many other cancer indications, both early detection and early treatment could be critical for a positive long-term survival outcome in uveal melanoma. These observations call attention to an unmet medical need for the early treatment of small melanocytic lesions or small melanomas in the eye to achieve local disease control and vision preservation with the possibility to prevent metastases and improve overall patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - C L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Herein we present the F-FDG PET/CT findings in conjunctival melanoma as a second primary cancer in a 56-year-old Taiwanese man with a history of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia and nasal cavity carcinoma under remission. The right eye lesion slowly progressed since noted by the patient himself 2 years ago, but he refused biopsy and further treatment including surgery. Either small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia or conjunctival melanoma is extremely rare in Asians, left alone in combination with a third malignancy of nasal cavity carcinoma. FDG PET/CT could effectively evaluate malignancies with multiple primary origins.
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18
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Hsu JC, Gonzalez-Gonzalez LA, Lu VH, Lu CY. Longitudinal trends in use of targeted therapies for treatment of malignant neoplasms of the eye: a population-based study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010706. [PMID: 27235298 PMCID: PMC4885426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the recent trend in use and costs of antineoplastic agents for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012. We also forecasted use and costs of targeted therapies up to and including year 2016 based on the current patterns. DESIGN Retrospective observational study focusing on the usage of targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancy. SETTING The monthly claims data for eye malignancy-related antineoplastic agents were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2009-2012). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We calculated the number of prescriptions and costs for each class of medications, and analysed their time trends. In addition, using a time series design with ARIMA models, we estimated the market share by prescription volume and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies for year 2016. RESULTS The market share by prescription volume of targeted therapies grew from 1.56% in 2009 to 9.98% in 2012 among all antineoplastic agents, and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies rose from 15.12% in 2009 to 58.88% in 2012. Especially, the proportion of costs for protein kinase inhibitors grew from 25.62% to 45.28% among all antineoplastic agents between 2010 and 2012. The market share by prescription volume and the proportion of costs for targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancies were predicted to reach 27.33% and 91.39% by the fourth quarter in 2016, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that examined and forecasted use and costs of targeted therapies for treatment of eye malignancies in Taiwan. Our findings indicate that, compared with other classes of drugs, targeted therapies are having a more and more relevant share among all treatment strategies for eye malignancies in Taiwan, and due to their high costs they are likely to cause great economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Hsu
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | | | - Vicky H Lu
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Y Lu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li HJ, Tsaousis KT, Hoopes P, Mamalis N. Conjunctival metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214501. [PMID: 27190113 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a presumed metastatic adenocarcinoma discovered in the conjunctival limbus of a 75-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma. After an initial clinical diagnosis of pinguecula and unsuccessful topical steroid therapy, the lesion was excised and sent for pathological evaluation and special staining. The histopathological evaluation was consistent with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, without evidence of lacrimal tissue. Surprisingly, results from special staining were most consistent with lung adenocarcinoma rather than that from a prostate origin. Systemic radiographic evaluation did not locate the primary tumour, and the patient did not present with any symptoms consistent with malignancy. Watchful waiting was chosen as the therapeutic strategy to manage the patient. This is the first report of an adenocarcinoma, likely metastatic, at the conjunctival limbus.
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Affiliation(s)
- He J Li
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Konstantinos T Tsaousis
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Nick Mamalis
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Moslehi R, Coles FB, Schymura MJ. Descriptive epidemiology of ophthalmic and ocular adnexal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 6:175-180. [PMID: 24353742 DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we provide an update on incidence rates of ophthalmic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), in the context of other NHL, in the USA. We also provide population-based estimates of incidence and survival for ocular adnexal NHL, the most common form of ophthalmic NHL, for which descriptive patterns have not been previously reported. Ophthalmic and ocular adnexal NHL have unique incidence patterns, including equal rates among both genders, predominance among Asians/Pacific Islanders, and steady and rapid increases in the past few decades. Studies of international variations in the incidence of ocular adnexal NHL may provide clues as to the underlying mechanisms influencing its unique epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Moslehi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA ; Cancer Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA
| | - F Bruce Coles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA ; Epidemiology Research Institute, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, NY, USA
| | - Maria J Schymura
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA ; New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, NY, USA
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21
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Moslehi R, Schymura MJ, Nayak S, Coles FB. Ocular adnexal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review of epidemiology and risk factors. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 6:181-193. [PMID: 23976898 DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ocular adnexal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), the most common form of ophthalmic NHL, has a unique incidence pattern showing a steady and rapid increase in the past few decades, nearly equal rates among both genders, and predominance among Asians/Pacific Islanders. No major cause for ocular adnexal NHL has been identified, although infectious agents, immune disorders and genetic/epigenetic factors have all been implicated in its etiology. Identifying putative risk factors and biologic mechanisms leading to carcinogenesis in ocular adnexal NHL may enable implementation of effective preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for this malignancy. This article summarizes current knowledge on epidemiology of ocular adnexal NHL and the role of various potential risk factors in its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Moslehi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA ; Cancer Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA
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Abstract
AIMS To describe the incidence and relative frequencies of primary malignant orbital tumours in the Netherlands from 1989 to 2006. METHODS All registered primary malignant orbital tumours were extracted from the population-based database of the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence of malignant orbital tumours per 10,000,000 persons per year and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were computed. RESULTS A total of 367 malignant orbital tumours were registered. The average age-adjusted incidence of malignant orbital tumours is 10.9. Lymphoma has a relative frequency of 67%, rhabdomyosarcoma 12%, adenocarcinoma 6%, and adenoid cystic carcinoma 5%. The incidence of primary malignant orbital tumours has been increasing in the Netherlands (EAPC +2.8%). CONCLUSION In the Netherlands, lymphoma is the most common primary malignant orbital tumour, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The relative frequencies of the different histological tumour types are comparable to the frequencies in other parts of the world. The incidence of malignant primary orbital tumours shows a slight increase between 1989 and 2006.
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Lakhtakia R, Mehta A, Nema SK. Melanoma : A Frequently Missed Diagnosis. Med J Armed Forces India 2009; 65:292-4. [PMID: 27408275 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(09)80036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Lakhtakia
- Ex-Senior Advisor (Pathology), Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt
| | - A Mehta
- Ex-Professor & Head (Department of Pathology), AFMC, Pune-40
| | - S K Nema
- MG (Med), HQ Southwest Command, C/o 56 APO
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Chen YH, Lin HY, Hsu WM, Lee SM, Cheng CY. Retinoblastoma in Taiwan: incidence and survival characteristics from 1979 to 2003. Eye (Lond) 2009; 24:318-22. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lin HY, Cheng CY, Hsu WM, Kao WHL, Chou P. Incidence of Eyelid Cancers in Taiwan. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:2101-7. [PMID: 16962174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Revised: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and incidence trends of primary eyelid cancers in the Chinese population in Taiwan between 1979 and 1999. DESIGN Retrospective population-based cancer registry data review. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1166 primary eyelid cancers coded to International Classification of Diseases 8 or 9, site 172.1 (malignant melanoma of eyelid) and 173.1 (other malignant neoplasm of eyelid) were retrieved from the Taiwan National Cancer Registry between January 1979 and December 1999. Of these, 1121 (96.1%) were histopathologically verified and were used for analysis. METHODS Age- and gender-specific incidence rates were calculated and were age-adjusted to the 2000 world standard population. Trends in incidence rates were estimated by calculating the annual percentage change. We further examined the effects of age, period of diagnosis, and birth cohort on incidence trends using age-period-cohort analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Age-standardized incidence rate. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis of eyelid cancers was 62.6+/-14.1 years. The average annual age-standardized incidence rate was 3.2 per million during the study period. There was an overall increase of incidence rates from 1.5 per million in 1979 to 5.1 per million in 1999, with an annual percentage change of 4.63% (P<0.001). The most common eyelid malignancy was basal cell carcinoma (BCC; 65.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (12.6%), and sebaceous cell carcinoma (7.9%). The increasing rates were mainly driven by an increase in the incidence of BCC. Cohort effects were found to play a major role in terms of model fit for the incidence trends of BCC. CONCLUSIONS These national data reveal a rapidly increasing incidence of eyelid cancers from 1979 to 1999 in Taiwan. Basal cell carcinoma dominates the incidence trends, and the significant cohort effects give a warning of increasing risk of BCC in younger birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Moslehi R, Devesa SS, Schairer C, Fraumeni JF. Rapidly Increasing Incidence of Ocular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:936-9. [PMID: 16818858 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A recent report suggesting that ocular adnexal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) may be related to Chlamydia psittaci infection underscores the need for reliable epidemiologic data for this malignancy. We examined population-based incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. During 1992-2001 in the 12 SEER areas, ocular (i.e., eye and adnexa) NHL rates per 100,000 person-years for both sexes were highest among Asians/Pacific Islanders, lower in whites, and lower still in blacks. Incidence increased with advancing age and showed little difference by sex, in contrast to other (extranodal and nodal) NHLs, which occurred predominantly in males. From 1975-2001, there was a rapid and steady increase in incidence of ocular NHL, with annual increases of 6.2% and 6.5% among white males and females, respectively, with no evidence of peaking. By contrast, other NHLs showed evidence of peaking in recent years. The distinctive patterns of ocular NHL call for further studies to identify risk factors and mechanisms, including the potential role of C. psittaci or other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Moslehi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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