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A Moneim NH, Mansour MF, Omar HH, Fouad MM, Metwally L, El-Abaseri TB, Abdelnaby MM. Association of autoimmune regulator gene polymorphism with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian population. Immunol Res 2020; 68:90-96. [PMID: 32399858 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene controls autoimmunity via its transcript AIRE protein that suppresses naïve T cells during central selection. The role of AIRE polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoimmunity remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the association of two selected SNPs, namely, rs760426 and rs2075876, with RA susceptibility in the Suez Canal Zone population. The study population included 100 RA patients, and the control group included 100 healthy subjects who were age- and sex-matched to the RA group. SNP genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction-based allelic discrimination assay, the odds ratio was defined to assess the strength of the association. For rs760426, combining genotypes data revealed a significant increase for A/G genotype in the RA cases (47%, n = 47) than in the control group (27%, n = 27) in both co-dominant and over-dominant models (P = 0.013 and 0.003 respectively). In addition, rs760426 correlated to duration of RA (P = 0.031) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (P = 0.021). For rs2075876, there was a significant increase in the A/A genotype in RA patients compared with control subjects. In the co-dominant model, the frequency of A/A was 14% and 7% respectively (P = 0.02). In contrast to rs760426, rs2075876 associated with the risk of increased body mass index (P = 0.014) and the positivity of rheumatoid factor (RF) (P = 0.043). The frequency of minor alleles, G allele in rs760426 SNP, and A allele in rs2075876 was higher in RA patients than in control. The haplotype frequency of both G and A alleles in rs760426 and rs2075876 receptively was 11% in RA group with statistically significant difference (P = <0.001) between RA patients and healthy control. SNPs rs760426 and rs2075876 in the AIRE gene may contribute to the risk for RA susceptibility. These two polymorphisms were associated with variable risk factors and predictive biomarkers for RA. The mutant allele (G) of rs760426 SNP has significant indication of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Hassan A Moneim
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Farouk Mansour
- Medical physiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hassan Omar
- Clinical Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Mohamed Fouad
- Microbiology and Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lobna Metwally
- Microbiology and Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of microbiology, College of medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghrid B El-Abaseri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelnaby
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Saxena R, Plenge RM, Bjonnes AC, Dashti HS, Okada Y, Gad El Haq W, Hammoudeh M, Al Emadi S, Masri BK, Halabi H, Badsha H, Uthman IW, Margolin L, Gupta N, Mahfoud ZR, Kapiri M, Dargham SR, Aranki G, Kazkaz LA, Arayssi T. A Multinational Arab Genome‐Wide Association Study Identifies New Genetic Associations for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:976-985. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Broad InstituteCambridge Massachusetts
| | - Robert M. Plenge
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Merck Research Laboratories and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston Massachusetts
| | - Andrew C. Bjonnes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Broad InstituteCambridge Massachusetts
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Broad InstituteCambridge Massachusetts
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, and RikenYokohama Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hussein Halabi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterJeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Humeira Badsha
- Dr. Humeira Badsha Medical CenterDubai United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grace Aranki
- Weill Cornell Medicine–QatarEducation City Doha Qatar
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Jurkowska M, Felis-Giemza A, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Manczak M, Maslinski S, Olesinska M. Genetic polymorphisms of Foxp3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2014; 42:170-80. [PMID: 25448791 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify 2 polymorphic variants in the promoter region of the Foxp3 gene and their possible association with susceptibility to and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The association between genetic factors and pathogenesis suggests that T cells take part in the induction of RA. The CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ subset of regulatory T cells plays an essential role in preventing autoimmunity and maintaining immune homeostasis. METHODS Patients with RA (n = 274) and healthy individuals (n = 295) were examined for -3279 C/A and -924 A/G Foxp3 gene polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism method. Serum Foxp3 levels in patients with RA and controls were measured with ELISA. RESULTS Foxp3 -3279 A and -924 G alleles were associated with significantly elevated risk of RA in the population tested (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively) compared to the wild-type alleles. Overall, -3279 C/A and -924 A/G Foxp3 gene polymorphisms were in indistinct linkage disequilibrium with D' = 0.481 and r(2) = 0.225. From 4 possible haplotypes, frequencies of 2 (AG and CA) showed significant differences between both examined groups (respectively, p < 0.001 and p = 0.007). After appropriate adjustment of Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the genotype-phenotype analysis showed no significant correlation of the Foxp3 -3279 C/A and -924 A/G polymorphisms with the disease activity, joint damage, laboratory variables, and extraarticular manifestation in patients with RA. Serum Foxp3 level was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Current findings indicated that the Foxp3 genetic polymorphism and the Foxp3 protein level may be associated with susceptibility to RA in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology.
| | - Monika Jurkowska
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Anna Felis-Giemza
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Malgorzata Manczak
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Slawomir Maslinski
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Marzena Olesinska
- From the departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Connective Tissue Diseases, and Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.A. Paradowska-Gorycka, PhD; M. Jurkowska, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Rheumatology; A. Felis-Giemza, MD; K. Romanowska-Próchnicka, MD, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology; M. Manczak, MS, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute of Rheumatology; S. Maslinski, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw; M. Olesinska, Professor, Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology
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Bakir-Gungor B, Sezerman OU. A new methodology to associate SNPs with human diseases according to their pathway related context. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26277. [PMID: 22046267 PMCID: PMC3201947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with hundreds of żthousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are popular strategies to reveal the genetic basis of human complex diseases. Despite many successes of GWAS, it is well recognized that new analytical approaches have to be integrated to achieve their full potential. Starting with a list of SNPs, found to be associated with disease in GWAS, here we propose a novel methodology to devise functionally important KEGG pathways through the identification of genes within these pathways, where these genes are obtained from SNP analysis. Our methodology is based on functionalization of important SNPs to identify effected genes and disease related pathways. We have tested our methodology on WTCCC Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) dataset and identified: i) previously known RA related KEGG pathways (e.g., Toll-like receptor signaling, Jak-STAT signaling, Antigen processing, Leukocyte transendothelial migration and MAPK signaling pathways); ii) additional KEGG pathways (e.g., Pathways in cancer, Neurotrophin signaling, Chemokine signaling pathways) as associated with RA. Furthermore, these newly found pathways included genes which are targets of RA-specific drugs. Even though GWAS analysis identifies 14 out of 83 of those drug target genes; newly found functionally important KEGG pathways led to the discovery of 25 out of 83 genes, known to be used as drug targets for the treatment of RA. Among the previously known pathways, we identified additional genes associated with RA (e.g. Antigen processing and presentation, Tight junction). Importantly, within these pathways, the associations between some of these additionally found genes, such as HLA-C, HLA-G, PRKCQ, PRKCZ, TAP1, TAP2 and RA were verified by either OMIM database or by literature retrieved from the NCBI PubMed module. With the whole-genome sequencing on the horizon, we show that the full potential of GWAS can be achieved by integrating pathway and network-oriented analysis and prior knowledge from functional properties of a SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bakir-Gungor
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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The contribution of genetic factors to rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Martín JE, Alizadeh BZ, González-Gay MA, Balsa A, Pascual-Salcedo D, Fernández-Gutiérrez B, Raya E, Franke L, van't Slot R, Coenen MJH, van Riel P, Radstake TRDJ, Koeleman BPC, Martín J. Identification of the oxidative stress-related gene MSRA as a rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility locus by genome-wide pathway analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:3183-90. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Paradowska-Gorycka A, Trefler J, Maciejewska-Stelmach J, Łacki JK. Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphism in Polish rheumatoid arthritis patients. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:225-31. [PMID: 20477882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important multifunctional cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency and potential impact of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms on susceptibility to and severity of RA in Polish in - patients with a high disease activity (mean DAS 28 C-reactive protein 5.25). DNA was obtained from 244 RA patients and 106 healthy controls. The -592C/A and -1082G/A IL-10 gene polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain reaction with restriction endonuclease mapping. The frequency of the IL-10-592CA, -592AA genotypes (respectively: 30% vs 5% and 7% vs 0%) and allele -592A (37% vs 5%) were significantly higher in RA patients as compared with a control group. We did not find any association of the IL-10-592C/A genotype distribution with disease parameters, except for an increased ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) in patients with the -592CC genotype as compared with those with -592CA or -592AA genotypes (P = 0.01). The frequency of the IL-10-1082GG genotype was lower (P = 0.0001), and that of the IL-10-1082GA genotype was higher (P = 0.009) in RA patients comparing with the control group. In RA patients with -1082GA or -1082AA genotypes the time duration of the disease (P = 0.03), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Score (P = 0.04) and PLT count (P = 0.001) were significantly increased as compared with subjects with -1082GG genotype. Presented findings indicate that IL-10-592C/A and IL-10-1082G/A polymorphisms may be considered genetic risk factors for RA susceptibility and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Arya R, Hare E, Del Rincon I, Jenkinson CP, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Escalante A. Effects of covariates and interactions on a genome-wide association analysis of rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Proc 2009; 3 Suppl 7:S84. [PMID: 20018080 PMCID: PMC2795987 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-3-s7-s84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic and environmental factors and their interactions influence susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), causative genetic variants have not been identified. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of covariates and genotype x sex interactions on the genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) of RA using Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 Problem 1 data and a logistic regression approach as implemented in PLINK. After accounting for the effects of population stratification, effects of covariates and genotype x sex interactions on the GWAA of RA were assessed by conducting association and interaction analyses. We found significant allelic associations, covariate, and genotype x sex interaction effects on RA. Several top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (~22 SNPs) showed significant associations with strong p-values (p < 1 x 10-4 - p < 1 x 10-24). Only three SNPs on chromosomes 4, 13, and 20 were significant after Bonferroni correction, and none of these three SNPs showed significant genotype x sex interactions. Of the 30 top SNPs with significant (p < 1 x 10-4 - p < 1 x 10-6) interactions, ~23 SNPs showed additive interactions and ~5 SNPs showed only dominance interactions. Those SNPs showing significant associations in the regular logistic regression failed to show significant interactions. In contrast, the SNPs that showed significant interactions failed to show significant associations in models that did not incorporate interactions. It is important to consider interactions of genotype x sex in addition to associations in a GWAA of RA. Furthermore, the association between SNPs and RA susceptibility varies significantly between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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Kobayashi S, Momohara S, Kamatani N, Okamoto H. Molecular aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: role of environmental factors. FEBS J 2008; 275:4456-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Plenge RM, Seielstad M, Padyukov L, Lee AT, Remmers EF, Ding B, Liew A, Khalili H, Chandrasekaran A, Davies LR, Li W, Tan AK, Bonnard C, Ong RT, Thalamuthu A, Pettersson S, Liu C, Tian C, Chen WV, Carulli JP, Beckman EM, Altshuler D, Alfredsson L, Criswell LA, Amos CI, Seldin MF, Kastner DL, Klareskog L, Gregersen PK. TRAF1-C5 as a risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis--a genomewide study. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1199-209. [PMID: 17804836 PMCID: PMC2636867 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis has a complex mode of inheritance. Although HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 are well-established susceptibility loci, other genes that confer a modest level of risk have been identified recently. We carried out a genomewide association analysis to identify additional genetic loci associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We genotyped 317,503 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a combined case-control study of 1522 case subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and 1850 matched control subjects. The patients were seropositive for autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP). We obtained samples from two data sets, the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC) and the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). Results from NARAC and EIRA for 297,086 SNPs that passed quality-control filters were combined with the use of Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis. SNPs showing a significant association with disease (P<1x10(-8)) were genotyped in an independent set of case subjects with anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis (485 from NARAC and 512 from EIRA) and in control subjects (1282 from NARAC and 495 from EIRA). RESULTS We observed associations between disease and variants in the major-histocompatibility-complex locus, in PTPN22, and in a SNP (rs3761847) on chromosome 9 for all samples tested, the latter with an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.42; P=4x10(-14)). The SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with two genes relevant to chronic inflammation: TRAF1 (encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1) and C5 (encoding complement component 5). CONCLUSIONS A common genetic variant at the TRAF1-C5 locus on chromosome 9 is associated with an increased risk of anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter K. Gregersen
- The authors' affiliations are listed in the Appendix. Address reprint requests to Dr. Gregersen at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, or at
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Agrawal C, Raghav SK, Gupta B, Das RH, Chaturvedi VP, Goswami K, Das HR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha microsatellite polymorphism association with rheumatoid arthritis in Indian patients. Arch Med Res 2005; 36:555-9. [PMID: 16099338 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Level of TNF-alpha increases significantly in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It is proposed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) microsatellite alleles may influence its expression and presumably can contribute to the disease severity. However, there is a lack of such study to predict any such association with RA in an Indian population. METHODS In this study, we investigated the differential pattern of distribution of TNF microsatellite alleles in an Indian population and its association with RA. One hundred eighteen RA patients and 120 healthy individuals were genotyped for TNF microsatellite alleles using Genescan. Odds ratio was calculated to demonstrate the correlation between allelic distribution and clinical severity. RESULTS The study shows that distribution of TNF microsatellite alleles in an Indian population is very different from other Asian Oriental and Western populations, except for some similarities with an Italian population. Frequency of microsatellite TNFd3 allele (9.24 vs. 3.85%, chi(2)=5.6, p < or =0.0179, OR=0.393, 95% CI=0.177-0.87) and more interestingly TNFd3 containing haplotypes has been found significantly reduced in patients. On the contrary, TNFb5 allele frequency increased in the patients (22.3 vs. 30.8%, chi(2)=4.4, p < or =0.036, OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.027-2.344) as compared to controls. Furthermore, significant increase in frequency of this allele in severe patients (22.3 vs. 33.8%, chi(2)=6.22, p < or =0.013, OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.132-2.798) along with the significant increase in haplotypes containing this allele supports the association of TNFb5 with disease severity. CONCLUSIONS In an Indian population, TNFb5 may be considered as a risk factor, whereas TNFd3, unlike others, may be protective for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Agrawal
- Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
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Parsa A, Lovett DH, Peden EA, Zhu L, Seldin MF, Criswell LA. Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms predict the progression to renal insufficiency among Asians with lupus nephritis. Genes Immun 2005; 6:217-24. [PMID: 15789057 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a strong candidate as a mediator for the development and progression of lupus nephritis (LN). We performed an ethnically stratified analysis of 642 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients to determine whether various functional RAS gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE renal outcomes. Patients were genotyped for two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms: Alu insertion/deletion (I/D) and 23 949 (CT)(2/3), and for two angiotensinogen (Atg) gene polymorphisms: M235T and C-532T. Multivariate analyses demonstrated associations between the ACE I/D, ACE (CT)(2/3) and Atg C-532T functional polymorphisms and LN among Asians. In stratified analyses among LN cases according to high vs low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), associations remained significant for the ACE D (odds ratio (OR) 5.9, P=0.001) and (CT)(2) (OR 6.2, P=0.001) alleles among Asian subjects with low GFR. Lastly, we found allelic dose-dependent associations between the ACE I/D (P=0.003), ACE (CT)(2/3) (P=0.005) and Atg M235T (P=0.04) polymorphisms, and GFR analyzed as a continuous variable among Asians. These findings suggest a significant role for ACE and Atg gene sequence variation and severity of LN among Asians with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parsa
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0500, USA
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Larché M, Wraith DC. Peptide-based therapeutic vaccines for allergic and autoimmune diseases. Nat Med 2005; 11:S69-76. [PMID: 15812493 DOI: 10.1038/nm1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic and autoimmune diseases are forms of immune hypersensitivity that increasingly cause chronic ill health. Most current therapies treat symptoms rather than addressing underlying immunological mechanisms. The ability to modify antigen-specific pathogenic responses by therapeutic vaccination offers the prospect of targeted therapy resulting in long-term clinical improvement without nonspecific immune suppression. Examples of specific immune modulation can be found in nature and in established forms of immune desensitization. Understanding and exploiting common mechanisms such as the ability to induce antigen-specific regulatory cells should allow the development of effective therapeutic strategies for both forms of immunopathology. Targeting pathogenic T cells using vaccines consisting of synthetic peptides representing T cell epitopes is one such strategy that is currently being evaluated with encouraging results. Future challenges in the development of therapeutic vaccines include selection of appropriate antigens and peptides, optimization of peptide dose and route of administration and identifying strategies to induce bystander suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Larché
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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Runstadler JA, Säilä H, Savolainen A, Leirisalo-Repo M, Aho K, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Tuomilehto J, Seldin MF. HLA-DRB1, TAP2/TAP1, and HLA-DPB1 haplotypes in Finnish juvenile idiopathic arthritis: more complexity within the MHC. Genes Immun 2005; 5:562-71. [PMID: 15343265 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study further defines genetic susceptibility to JIA in the region centromeric to HLA-DRB1. DNA from 234 Finnish JIA nuclear families and 639 elderly Finnish control individuals was genotyped for five functional SNPs within the TAP2 and TAP1 loci ( approximately 200 kb centromeric of HLA-DRB1). Subsets of the controls (186) and patients (145) that had been previously typed for HLA-DRB1 were also genotyped by sequence for the HLA-DPB1 locus. Case/control and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methods revealed an association with the DPB1(*)030101 allele for JIA (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.5). Notably, a detailed haplotypic analysis of the TAP2/TAP1 loci and their interaction with the HLA-DPB1(*)030101 and DRB1(*)08 and (*)11 alleles showed a variety of over-represented and under-represented TAP2/TAP1 haplotypes not evident in the single marker analysis. The strongest effect was observed in the polyarticular RF negative JIA subgroup for the 2-2-1-2-1 TAP2/TAP1 haplotype (TAP2B and TAP1A alleles) which showed an independent effect from both DRB1(*)08 and (*)11 (P<0.000003) and DPB1(*)030101 (P=0.02). We have provided evidence that the extended haplotypes (including HLA-DRB1, TAP2/TAP1, and HLA-DPB1) of pauciarticular and polyarticular RF negative disease are distinct. This observation may have implications for functional etiological differences between the pauciarticular and polyarticular JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Runstadler
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Runstadler JA, Säilä H, Savolainen A, Leirisalo-Repo M, Aho K, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Tuomilehto J, Seldin MF. Association of SLC11A1 (NRAMP1) with persistent oligoarticular and polyarticular rheumatoid factor-negative juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Finnish patients: haplotype analysis in Finnish families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:247-56. [PMID: 15641099 DOI: 10.1002/art.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SLC11A1 (formerly called NRAMP1) gene is important in natural resistance to a variety of intracellular infections mediated by macrophages and has been proposed as a candidate gene for autoimmune disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine susceptibility in Finnish patients with persistent oligoarticular and polyarticular rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) due to the presence of the SLC11A1 locus on chromosome 2. METHODS A total of 234 Finnish JIA nuclear families and 639 elderly Finnish controls without a history of JIA were evaluated for association with JIA at 3 intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms: an intragenic insertion/deletion, a promoter microsatellite (NRAMP1), and a 3' microsatellite (D2S1471). RESULTS Analysis of marker haplotypes demonstrated a strong association of Finnish JIA with 6-marker, 4-marker, and 2-marker haplotypes. Most impressively, 1 of the 6-marker haplotypes showed an odds ratio (OR) of 4.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.6-6.2) in all JIA patients, 3.5 (95% CI 1.9-6.5) in those with persistent oligoarticular JIA, and 4.1 (95% CI 2.5-6.7) in those with polyarticular RF-negative JIA. Stratification of the haplotype data suggested that susceptibility to JIA in the haplotype spanning the SLC11A1 locus is independent (P < 0.01) of an association with a DRB1 JIA shared epitope (DRB1*JIASE) that includes well-characterized strong susceptibility to DRB1*08 and *11 alleles. This SLC11A1 haplotype also had an additive effect with DRB1*JIASE in those with polyarticular, but not those with persistent oligoarticular, disease (P = 0.06, OR 2.9 [95% CI 0.9-9.2] versus P = 0.5, OR 1.6 [95% CI 0.4-6.0]). CONCLUSION Taken together, these data provide support for the existence of a locus at or near SLC11A1 that is a strong susceptibility factor for JIA in Finnish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Runstadler
- Davis Rowe Program in Human Genetics, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Szántó S, Bárdos T, Szabó Z, David CS, Buzás EI, Mikecz K, Glant TT. Induction of arthritis in HLA-DR4-humanized and HLA-DQ8-humanized mice by human cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan but only in the presence of an appropriate (non-MHC) genetic background. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:1984-95. [PMID: 15188376 DOI: 10.1002/art.20285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-predisposing class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) can present cartilage proteoglycan (PG) aggrecan, and if so, to determine the epitope repertoire of the human cartilage PG in HLA-transgenic mice and determine whether HLA-transgenic mice develop arthritis in response to immunization with human cartilage PG. METHODS Mice transgenic for HLA-DR2.Ab(0), DR3.Ab(0), DR4.Ab(0), and DQ8.Ab(0), lacking their own (mouse) class II antigens (Ab(0)), on the original (arthritis-resistant) and the arthritis-susceptible BALB/c backgrounds, were immunized with human cartilage PG. The T cell epitope repertoire presented by these class II MHC alleles was determined using a synthetic peptide library (143 peptides of the core protein of human cartilage PG), and arthritis development was monitored and compared in wild-type and HLA-transgenic/congenic BALB/c mice. RESULTS Mice of the 4 HLA-transgenic lines, either on the original mixed, arthritis-resistant background or DR4.Ab(0)- and DQ8.Ab(0)-transgenic/congenic mice on the arthritis-susceptible BALB/c genetic background, responded well to PG immunization (as assessed by T cell responses and antibody and cytokine production), and a number of T cell epitopes along the core protein of human cartilage PG were identified. DR4.Ab(0)- and DQ8.Ab(0)-transgenic mice immunized with human cartilage PG developed arthritis, but only when these class II MHC molecules were present on the arthritis-susceptible (BALB/c) genetic background. CONCLUSION A number of human cartilage PG epitopes can be presented by HLA alleles that predispose to the development of RA, but the epitopes of the cartilage PG presented by HLA-DR4 or HLA-DQ8 can induce arthritis only in the presence of an appropriate genetic (non-MHC) background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Szántó
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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17
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Glant TT, Adarichev VA, Nesterovitch AB, Szanto S, Oswald JP, Jacobs JJ, Firneisz G, Zhang J, Finnegan A, Mikecz K. Disease-associated qualitative and quantitative trait loci in proteoglycan-induced arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. Am J Med Sci 2004; 327:188-95. [PMID: 15084914 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200404000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two autoimmune murine models--proteoglycan (aggrecan)-induced arthritis (PGIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)--were developed in parent strains, F1 and F2 hybrids of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched (H-2) BALB/c x DBA/2 and MHC-unmatched (H-2/H-2) BALB/c x DBA/1 intercrosses. The major goal of this comparative study was to identify disease (model)-specific (PGIA or CIA) and shared clinical and immunologic loci in 2 types of genetic intercrosses. Qualitative (binary/susceptibility) and quantitative (severity and onset) clinical trait loci were separated and analyzed independently or together with various pathophysiologic/immunologic traits, such as antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses and cytokine production. The major quantitative trait locus (QTL) was the MHC on chromosome 17, which was especially dominant in CIA. In addition, chromosomes 3, 5, 10, and X contained shared clinical loci in both models, and a total of 8 QTLs (clinical traits together with immunologic traits) were colocalized in PGIA and CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Glant
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry, Rush University at Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Seldin MF, Morii T, Collins-Schramm HE, Chima B, Kittles R, Criswell LA, Li H. Putative ancestral origins of chromosomal segments in individual african americans: implications for admixture mapping. Genome Res 2004; 14:1076-84. [PMID: 15140829 PMCID: PMC419786 DOI: 10.1101/gr.2165904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, markers that distinguish European from West African ancestry can be used to examine the origin of chromosomal segments in individual African Americans. In this study, putative ancestral origin was examined by using haplotypes estimated from genotyping 268 African Americans for 29 ancestry informative markers spaced over a 60-cM segment of chromosome 5. Analyses using a Bayesian algorithm (STRUCTURE) provided evidence that blocks of individual chromosomes derive from one or the other parental population. In addition, modeling studies were performed by using hidden real marker data to simulate patient and control populations under different genotypic risk ratios. Ancestry analysis showed significant results for a genotypic risk ratio of 2.5 in the African American population for modeled susceptibility genes derived from either putative parental population. These studies suggest that admixture mapping in the African American population can provide a powerful approach to defining genetic factors for some disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Seldin
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616-8669, USA.
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Newton JL, Harney SMJ, Wordsworth BP, Brown MA. A review of the MHC genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2004; 5:151-7. [PMID: 14749714 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common complex genetic disease, and, despite a significant genetic element, no gene other than HLA-DRB1 has been clearly demonstrated to be involved in the disease. However, this association accounts for less than half the overall genetic susceptibility. Investigation of other candidate genes, in particular those that reside within the major histocompatibility complex, are hampered by the presence of strong linkage disequilibrium and problems with study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Newton
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK
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20
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Gorman JD, Lum RF, Chen JJ, Suarez-Almazor ME, Thomson G, Criswell LA. Impact of shared epitope genotype and ethnicity on erosive disease: a meta-analysis of 3,240 rheumatoid arthritis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:400-12. [PMID: 14872482 DOI: 10.1002/art.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strongest known genetic association in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is with HLA-DRB1 alleles that share a similar amino acid sequence, termed the shared epitope (SE). Although many studies have examined the association of the SE with disease severity, the results have been inconsistent, which may reflect the relatively small sample sizes or ethnic differences. The aim of this study was to assess the association of HLA-DRB1 SE alleles and genotype with the development of bony erosions in RA by meta-analysis. METHODS We identified English-language articles published between January 1, 1987 and June 1, 1999 through Medline, EMBase, and manual searches of 6 relevant journals. Included were studies in which molecular typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed and in which the presence or absence of bony erosions was reported. Data were extracted from the studies, and erosions were coded as present or absent. Authors were contacted for missing information and data on individual patients. RESULTS A total of 29 studies and 3,240 patients were available for analysis. The summary odds ratios (ORs), when all patients were evaluated as a single group, demonstrated a significant association of the presence of the SE (2 or 1 versus 0 SE alleles) with erosions (OR 2.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8-2.2), although significant heterogeneity was present (P = 0.002). Subgroup analyses demonstrated the important influence of ethnic background. For example, no association of the SE with erosions was demonstrated in Greeks (OR 0.8 [95% CI 0.2-1.5]). In contrast, there was a striking dose-dependent relationship in southern European Caucasians and Asians, with ORs as high as 6.2 and 5.4, respectively, in patients with 2 SE alleles. Although our ability to assess the relationship between SE genotype and erosions was limited, particular importance of the DRB1*0401 SE allele was suggested in an analysis restricted to northern European Caucasians. CONCLUSION The SE is associated with the development of erosive disease in many ethnic groups; however, striking exceptions exist. These variations may be due to allele differences between populations, such as the frequency of DRB1*0401 among different ethnic groups. Further study to better understand the genetic and environmental differences between these populations may provide insight into mechanisms that influence the clinical expression of RA.
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21
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Gorman JD, David-Vaudey E, Pai M, Lum RF, Criswell LA. Lack of association of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope with rheumatoid nodules: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 3,272 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:753-62. [PMID: 15022316 DOI: 10.1002/art.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was to examine the relationship of rheumatoid nodules to the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) and to individual SE genotypes. METHODS English-language studies that enrolled adult non-Hispanic Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by searches of Medline and Embase, and by manual searches of medical journals. All authors were contacted for IPD. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of SE presence, dose, and genotype with rheumatoid nodules. Meta-analyses adjusted for disease duration and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed to assess the influence of RA duration and year of study publication on the results. RESULTS A total of 24 studies and 3,272 patients were available for analysis. IPD were obtained for 22 of the studies. There was a nonsignificant association between the presence of the SE (i.e., 1 or 2 alleles versus 0 alleles) and rheumatoid nodules (summary odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.97-1.6). Analysis by SE genotype, however, demonstrated a weak relationship with inheritance of a single DRB1*0401 SE allele (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.8). No other genotypes achieved statistical significance in the adjusted or unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION The presence of the HLA-DRB1 SE does not appear to significantly increase the risk of rheumatoid nodules among Caucasian patients with RA. Analysis by DRB1 SE genotype was uninformative, suggesting only a potential (and at most modest) role of the DRB1*0401 SE allele. Results from this IPD meta-analysis implicate other genetic, stochastic, and/or environmental factors in the susceptibility to rheumatoid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Gorman
- University of California, San Francisco, and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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22
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Collins-Schramm HE, Chima B, Morii T, Wah K, Figueroa Y, Criswell LA, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Silva G, Belmont JW, Seldin MF. Mexican American ancestry-informative markers: examination of population structure and marker characteristics in European Americans, Mexican Americans, Amerindians and Asians. Hum Genet 2003; 114:263-71. [PMID: 14628215 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-1058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Markers with large differences in allele frequencies between ethnicities provide ancestry information that can be applied to genetic studies. We identified over 100 biallelic ancestry informative markers (AIMs) with large allele frequency differences between European Americans (EA) and Pima Amerindians from laboratory and database screens. For 35 of these markers, Mayan, Yavapai and Quechuan Amerindians were genotyped and compared with EA and Pima allele frequencies. Markers with large allele frequency differences between EA and one Amerindian tribe showed only small differences between the Amerindian tribes. Examination of structure in individuals demonstrated a clear separation of subjects of European from those of Amerindian ancestry, and similarity between individuals from disparate Amerindian populations. The AIMs demonstrated the variation in ancestral composition of individual Mexican Americans, providing evidence of applicability in admixture mapping and in controlling for structure in association tests. In addition, a high percentage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected on the basis of large frequency differences between EA and Asian populations had large allele frequency differences between EA and Amerindians, suggesting an efficient method for greatly expanding AIMs for use in admixture mapping/structure analysis in Mexican Americans. Together, these data provide additional support for the practical application of admixture mapping in the Mexican American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Collins-Schramm
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8669, USA
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23
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Abstract
This chapter reviews the latest original research on the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a focus on its relevance for the clinical rheumatologist. The following questions will be dealt with in order to appreciate the recent progress in this field. * Why is a knowledge of genetics useful for an understanding of the pathogenesis of RA? * Is a knowledge of genetic risk factors relevant for day-to-day clinical practice? * What methods are used for identifying genetic risk factors? * Which genetic regions have been identified in susceptibility to RA? * What risk factors have been identified? * What are the future prospects and research agenda?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, C4-R, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, RC 2300, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Collins-Schramm HE, Chima B, Operario DJ, Criswell LA, Seldin MF. Markers informative for ancestry demonstrate consistent megabase-length linkage disequilibrium in the African American population. Hum Genet 2003; 113:211-9. [PMID: 12783300 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-003-0961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Accepted: 03/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Admixture mapping is a potentially powerful tool for mapping complex genetic diseases. For application of this method, admixed individuals must have genomes composed of large segments derived intact from each founding population. Such segments are thought to be present in African Americans (AA) and should be demonstrable by examination of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Previous studies using a variety of polymorphic markers have variably reported long-range LD or rapid decay of LD. To further define the extent and characteristics of LD caused by admixture in the AA population, the current study utilized a set of 52 diallelic markers that were selected for large standard variances between putative representatives of the founder populations. LD was examined in over 250 marker-pairs, including linked markers from four different chromosomal regions and an equal number of matched unlinked comparisons. In the representative founder populations, strong LD was not observed for markers separated by more than 10 kb. In contrast, results indicated significant LD ( P<0.001, D'>0.3) in AA over large genomic segments exceeding 10 centiMorgans (cM) and 15 megabases (Mb). Only marginally significant LD was present between unlinked markers in this population, suggesting that choosing appropriate levels of significance for admixture mapping can minimize false positive results. The ability to detect LD for extended chromosomal segments in AA decayed not only as a function of the distance between markers, but also as a function of the standard variance of the markers. This examination of several genomic segments provides strong evidence that appropriate selection of informative markers is a crucial prerequisite for the application of admixture mapping to the AA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Collins-Schramm
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8669, USA
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Runstadler JA, Säilä H, Savolainen A, Leirisalo-Repo M, Aho K, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Tuomilehto J, Seldin MF. Analysis of MHC region genetics in Finnish patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: evidence for different locus-specific effects in polyarticular vs pauciarticular subsets and a shared DRB1 epitope. Genes Immun 2003; 4:326-35. [PMID: 12847547 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study used Finnish juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) probands with pauciarticular and rheumatoid factor (RF) negative polyarticular subtypes of JIA to further define the genetic susceptibility to JIA. We examined 16 markers spanning an 18 cM region of chromosome 6 encompassing the MHC and surrounding genomic region in a set of 235 Finnish JIA nuclear families and 639 Finnish control individuals. Analysis by case/control association and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methods each demonstrated strong evidence for a susceptibility locus near the D6S2447 microsatellite (P<10(-6) for both methods) that is flanked by DQB1 and DRB1. Analysis of the DRB1 locus suggested that DRB1*0801 and DRB1*1101 rather than DQA1 or other HLA alleles may be responsible for conferring susceptibility to disease. These findings are consistent with the most compelling results of previous reports on HLA associations and suggest a JIA DRB1 shared epitope encompassing critical amino-acid residues in the third hypervariable region of this molecule. Most importantly, in pauciarticular patients, the strong association does not extend to proximal markers as it does in polyarticular patients (P<0.00001). Analysis strongly suggests that the difference is because of additional JIA susceptibility loci within the MHC being present in polyarticular RF negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Runstadler
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Adarichev VA, Nesterovitch AB, Bárdos T, Biesczat D, Chandrasekaran R, Vermes C, Mikecz K, Finnegan A, Glant TT. Sex effect on clinical and immunologic quantitative trait loci in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:1708-20. [PMID: 12794840 DOI: 10.1002/art.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of sex on clinical and immunologic traits in major histocompatibility complex-matched (H-2d) F(2) hybrid mice with proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis and to identify how the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the X chromosome influences the onset QTL of another chromosome. METHODS (BALB/c x DBA/2)F(2) hybrid mice were immunized with cartilage PG, and a genome-wide linkage analysis was performed using >200 simple sequence-length polymorphic markers. The major clinical traits (susceptibility, onset, and severity) were assessed, and PG-specific T and B cell responses, and the production of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, interferon-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12) were measured in 133 arthritic and 426 nonarthritic female and male F(2) hybrid mice. The major clinical and immunologic traits were linked to genetic loci, and potential linkages among these QTLs and the effect of sex were analyzed. RESULTS Thirteen QTLs reported in previous studies were confirmed. Binary traits (susceptibility to arthritis) and disease onset were female specific and were identified on chromosomes 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, and X. QTLs for disease severity were mostly male specific and were located on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 8, 14, 15, and 19. In addition, we identified 4 new QTLs for the onset of arthritis on chromosomes 3, 4, and 11, and 1 new QTL for severity on chromosome 14; all showed a strong gender association. A locus on the X chromosome interacted with a QTL on chromosome 10, and these 2 loci together seemed to control disease incidence and onset. Most of the clinical traits (QTLs) shared common regions with the immunologic traits and frequently showed a locus-locus interaction. CONCLUSION Numerous immunologic QTLs overlap with clinical QTLs, thus providing information about possible mechanisms underlying QTL function. Disease susceptibility and onset showed predominant linkage with the female sex, under the control of a QTL on the X chromosome, while the severity QTLs were more strongly linked to the male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav A Adarichev
- Rush University at Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Building on the spectacular success of molecular genetics in defining the biological basis of many rare single gene disorders over the past decade, epidemiologists have turned their attention to unravelling the complex genetic mysteries of common disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a prelude to any such endeavour it is obviously important to establish that there is a significant genetic component to the disease. The classical approaches of twin and other family recurrence risk studies, coupled with prevalence studies in different ethnic and migrant populations, have been used to estimate the environmental and genetic contributions to RA. However, developing a consensus on these estimates has proved difficult, thereby providing an early warning to the unwary investigator that the road to gene discovery in RA is likely to be a rough ride.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harney
- Oxford University Institute of Musculosketal Science, Botnar Center, Nuffield Othopaedic Center, Oxford, UK
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Parsa A, Peden E, Lum RF, Seligman VA, Olson JL, Li H, Seldin MF, Criswell LA. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus and nephritis: analysis of 644 SLE families. Genes Immun 2002; 3 Suppl 1:S42-6. [PMID: 12215901 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II is a strong candidate for the perpetuation of autoimmunity, nephritis and visceral damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal was to determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE and/or lupus nephritis (LN). We genotyped 644 SLE patients and 1130 family members for three ACE gene polymorphisms: Alu insertion/deletion (I/D), 23949 (CT)(2/3) and 10698 (G)(3/4). All patients met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE, and all LN patients met ACR renal criteria and/or had biopsy evidence of LN. We used the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) to examine associations between each polymorphism and SLE, including Caucasian, non-Caucasian, and LN subgroups. We also examined transmission of haplotypes defined by these polymorphisms. The ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with SLE among non-Caucasians (61% transmission, P = 0.026) and the 23949 (CT)(2/3) polymorphism was associated with LN among non-Caucasians (69% transmission, P = 0.014). Several haplotypes defined by these 2 markers demonstrated strikingly increased transmission among non-Caucasians (81% - 66% transmission, P = 0.0046 to 0.010). Due to the choice of study design and analytic method these results are unlikely to be due to population admixture. Our findings suggest that DNA sequence variation in the ACE gene influences the risk of developing SLE and LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parsa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Abstract
The data from the human genome project were published in 2001. Although this achievement will boost research in the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), most of the work is in progress. Three of the four consortia that are performing linkage studies to identify loci that are transmitted more often to patients than controls have published data on genome-wide searches in few families. Of all the possible candidate genes, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region was found in the pan-European and the US linkage studies, confirming the previous data from association studies that HLA class II alleles confer risk to RA. Although HLA as a risk factor for RA has been known for a long time, the mechanism by which HLA alleles affect disease risk are controversial. Several papers have been published recently that support the RA-protection hypothesis. Several candidate loci/genes have been suggested from association studies. However, these associations have not been reproduced by different groups in several different cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W J Huizinga
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, C4-R, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Slager SL, Carleu L, Chung WK, Jackson T, Winchester RJ, Hodge SE, Gulko PS. The IDDM13 region containing the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP5) gene on chromosome 2q33-q36 and the genetic susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Genes Immun 2002; 3:110-3. [PMID: 11960310 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Revised: 12/10/2001] [Accepted: 12/13/2001] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We considered that the constitutive over-expression by cultured rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-lineage synoviocytes of genes like IGFBP5 could indicate new candidate susceptibility genes. IGFBP5 is located in a region where an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) susceptibility locus, IDDM13 (2q33-q36), has been mapped. Previous evidence that non-MHC IDDM loci overlap RA susceptibility loci made IGFBP5 and its region an interesting candidate locus which was tested for linkage. Forty-nine sibships (2-4 affected siblings per sibship) with RA were genotyped with microsatellite markers covering an 11.2 cM interval in the IGFBP5/IDDM13 region. Both the two-point LOD scores and a 'nonparametric' allele-sharing analysis revealed no evidence for linkage (max LOD = 0.54, P = 0.5, respectively). Adjustments for the presence of 'shared-epitope' alleles did not significantly change the LOD scores. These results suggest that, despite the involvement of the 2q33-q36 chromosomal region in another organ-specific autoimmune disease, it is unlikely that this region harbors a RA susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Slager
- New York Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry adn Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Collins-Schramm HE, Phillips CM, Operario DJ, Lee JS, Weber JL, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Cooper R, Li H, Seldin MF. Ethnic-difference markers for use in mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:737-50. [PMID: 11845411 PMCID: PMC384950 DOI: 10.1086/339368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2001] [Accepted: 12/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium (MALD) is a potentially powerful technique for the mapping of complex genetic diseases. The practical requirements of this method include (a) a set of markers spanning the genome that have large allele-frequency differences between the parental ethnicities contributing to the admixed population and (b) an understanding of the extent of admixture in the study population. To this end, a DNA-pooling technique was used to screen microsatellite and diallelic insertion/deletion markers for allele-frequency differences between putative representatives of the parental populations of the admixed Mexican American (MA) and African American (AA) populations. Markers with promising pooled differences were then confirmed by individual genotyping in both the parental and admixed populations. For the MA population, screening of >600 markers identified 151 ethnic-difference markers (EDMs) with delta>0.30 (where delta is the absolute value of each allele-frequency difference between two populations, summed over all marker alleles and divided by two) that are likely to be useful for MALD analysis. For the AA population, analysis of >400 markers identified 97 EDMs. In addition, individual genotyping of these markers in Pima Amerindians, Yavapai Amerindians, European American (EA) individuals, Africans from Zimbabwe, MA individuals, and AA individuals, as well as comparison to the CEPH genotyping set, suggests that the differences between subpopulations of an ethnicity are small for many markers with large interethnic differences. Estimates of admixture that are based on individual genotyping of these markers are consistent with a 60% EA:40% Amerindian contribution to MA populations and with a 20% EA:80% African contribution to AA populations. Taken together, these data suggest that EDMs with large interpopulation and small intrapopulation differences can be readily identified for MALD studies in both AA and MA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Collins-Schramm
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Carolyn M. Phillips
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Darwin J. Operario
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Jane S. Lee
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - James L. Weber
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Robert L. Hanson
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - William C. Knowler
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Richard Cooper
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael F. Seldin
- Rowe Program in Human Genetics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, University of California at Davis; Center for Medical Genetics, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix; and Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, IL
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Moxley G, Cohen HJ. Genetic studies, clinical heterogeneity, and disease outcome studies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002; 28:39-58. [PMID: 11840697 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(03)00068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA haplotypes influence various clinical RA features considered to reflect severity in case-control and cohort studies. Of particular note is the fact that HLA generally influences the development of erosive and sometimes seropositive and nodular disease; in prospective studies, it noticeably affects joint surgical intervention. These are valuable clues indicating that HLA influences RA severity and chronicity. Nevertheless, HLA influences are generally weak enough so as to require large study subject numbers for detection. As a result, HLA genotyping has restricted usefulness for prediction of clinical severity in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moxley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Abstract
The genetic mechanisms that are complementary in predisposing and then establishing disease are yet to be fully elucidated. During a lifetime, the genetic composition of the host is not only hereditary but undergoes rearrangements, integrations, and more subtle single-base pair alterations. These changes can be inconsequential or lead to aberrant and deleterious pathologic changes. In a complex multifactorial disease such as RA, the relative roles of the dynamic versus germline elements of the disease have yet to be fully determined. Further studies of large populations are likely to segregate out factors affecting specific ethnic, clinical, and genetic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maripat Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a multifactorial disease, with genetic, environmental, and stochastic components to its susceptibility. The search for susceptibility genes is still in progress. Preliminary results suggest the involvement of multiple genes, each with relatively modest effect. Genes within the major histocompatibility complex appear to have the strongest influence on disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Jawaheer
- Division of Biology and Human Genetics, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Moxley G, Posthuma D, Carlson P, Estrada E, Han J, Benson LL, Neale MC. Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:250-8. [PMID: 11817599 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<250::aid-art10064>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether variation in innate immunity, as measured by the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole-blood culture, is related to sex or HLA. METHODS Normal volunteers (72 women, 159 men) completed questionnaires and donated peripheral blood specimens. Blood samples were exposed to LPS in a 4-hour in vitro culture, and supernatants were then tested by sandwich-type immunoassay measuring TNF levels. Statistical techniques included multivariate analysis and maximal-likelihood modeling of allelic effects. RESULTS Both male and female groups showed substantial within-group variation (coefficient of variation 59.1% for women, 40.3% for men). However, the mean +/- SD LPS-stimulated TNF level in the female group was nearly 30% lower than in the male group (1,556+/-919 pg/ml versus 2,203+/-889 pg/ml; P < 0.0001, unadjusted for covariates). Sex was independent of any microsatellite marker allele of TNF (covariate-adjusted increment of 785 pg/ml from female to male sex; P < 0.0001). In multivariate modeling of the female group, the LPS-stimulated TNF level was not independently influenced by menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use, or plasma estradiol level. Allelic modeling showed that significant TNFab microsatellite allelic effects existed (P = 0.002 versus model omitting allelic effects). The female group showed a significantly downward deviation from mean TNF level with TNFa4b5 (-903 pg/ml deviation from the overall mean) and an upward deviation with TNFa10b4 (598 pg/ml). The male group showed significantly higher-than-mean levels with TNFa1b5 (909 pg/ml), TNFa5b7 (1,191 pg/ml), and TNFa6b5 (332 pg/ml). Thus, the two sex groups differed in which of their TNFab marker alleles showed significant deviations from the overall mean. CONCLUSION Female subjects have a nearly 30% lower innate immune response, stemming largely from influence independent of the HLA-region TNF locus and without further independent variation stemming from plasma estrogen level.
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Fife M, Steer S, Fisher S, Newton J, McKay K, Worthington J, Shah C, Polley A, Rosenthal A, Ollier W, Lewis C, Wordsworth P, Lanchbury J. Association of familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis with a single corticotropin-releasing hormone genomic region (8q12.3) haplotype. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:75-82. [PMID: 11817611 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200201)46:1<75::aid-art10034>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disabling autoimmune disease with a complex genetic component. We have previously described linkage of a region of chromosome 8q12.3 with RA and association of the microsatellite marker CRHRA1 with RA in 295 affected sibling-pair families. In the current study we aimed to physically link the RA-associated marker with the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) candidate gene, and to examine the genomic region for additional short tandem repeat (STR) genetic markers in order to clarify the association with RA. METHODS We examined the association of 2 STR markers with disease in the original 295 multicase families and in a cohort of 131 simplex families to refine our understanding of this genetic region in disease susceptibility in sporadic and familial RA. Genomic library screening and sequencing were used to generate physical sequences in the CRH genomic region. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequence flanking the CRH structural gene was used to screen for additional STRs and other genetic features. Genotyping was carried out using a standard fluorescence approach. Estimations of haplotype frequencies were performed to assess linkage disequilibrium. The transmission disequilibrium test was performed using TRANSMIT. RESULTS Physical cloning and sequencing analyses identified the genomic region linking the CRHRA1 marker and the CRH structural locus. Moreover, we identified a further STR, CRHRA2, which was in strong linkage disequilibrium with CRHRA1 (P = 4.0 x 10(-14)). A haplotype, CRHRA1*10;CRHRA2*14, was preferentially carried by unaffected parents at a frequency of 8.6% compared with the expected frequency of 3.1%. This haplotype was overtransmitted in the multiply affected families (P = 0.0077) and, similarly, in the simplex families (P = 0.024). Combined analysis of both family cohorts confirmed significant evidence for linkage (P = 4.9 x 10(-4)) and association (P = 5.5 x 10(-3)) for this haplotype with RA. CONCLUSION In demonstrating significant linkage disequilibrium between these 2 markers, we have refined the disease-associated region to a single haplotype and confirmed the significance of this region in our understanding of the genetics of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fife
- Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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van der Linden MW, van der Slik AR, Zanelli E, Giphart MJ, Pieterman E, Schreuder GM, Westendorp RG, Huizinga TW. Six microsatellite markers on the short arm of chromosome 6 in relation to HLA-DR3 and TNF-308A in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun 2001; 2:373-80. [PMID: 11704803 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2001] [Revised: 08/06/2001] [Accepted: 08/06/2001] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Differences in allelic distribution at loci surrounding the human HLA-DRB1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes have been observed in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated whether the association of HLA-DRB1*0301 (HLA-DR3) and TNF-308A with SLE could be attributed to polymorphic markers in the chromosomal region encompassed by HLA-DRB1 and HLA-C. Ninety-one consecutive Caucasian patients with SLE and 253 controls (organ donors) were typed for HLA-DRB1, microsatellites D6S1014, D6S273, TNFa, MIB, C1_2_5, and C1_3_2 and the single nucleotide polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter of TNF. The independent contribution of alleles to disease susceptibility was estimated by cross-tabulation and multivariate logistic regression. Possession of TNF-308A was associated with susceptibility to SLE (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.70 [2.24-6.11]). This remained present after stratification on possession of HLA-DR3 (pooled odds ratio, 2.53 [1.37-4.70]). Stratification revealed a possible association of possession of C1_2_5*192 with protection from SLE beyond the effects of HLA-DR3 and TNF-308A. A gene dosage effect was observed for -308A only (homozygotes, 7.75 [3.01-20.0], heterozygotes, 3.15 [1.85-5.37]). In multivariate analysis, possession of HLA-DR3, TNF-308A, and C1_2_5*192 remained independently associated with susceptibility to SLE (2.58 [1.29-5.18], 2.76 [1.43-5.31], and 0.26 [0.10-0.66], respectively). The association of possession of TNF-308A with susceptibility to SLE cannot be attributed to linkage to HLA-DR3 alone, nor to other polymorphic markers in the vicinity of the TNF gene. Further loci that are independently associated with SLE might be in the vicinity of marker C1_2_5.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W van der Linden
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Seligman VA, Suarez C, Lum R, Inda SE, Lin D, Li H, Olson JL, Seldin MF, Criswell LA. The Fcgamma receptor IIIA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians but not non-Caucasians. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:618-25. [PMID: 11263776 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200103)44:3<618::aid-anr110>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether inheritance of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) alleles conferring lower affinity for IgG binding increases the risk of developing lupus nephritis. METHODS We compared the frequency of low-affinity alleles of two FcgammaR polymorphisms (FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIIA) among 235 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and proven nephritis (nephritis patients) and among 352 SLE patients with no evidence of renal disease (non-nephritis control subjects). The ethnic distribution of patients in the study was 49% Caucasian, 20% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander, 12% African American, and 2% from other ethnic groups. All patients were genotyped for the FcgammaRIIA-131R/H and FcgammaRIIIA-158V/F polymorphisms. We used contingency table analysis to compare allele and genotype distributions for nephritis patients and nonnephritis control subjects, including ethnic-specific strata. Multivariate logistic regression analyses included sex and disease duration as covariates. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated a striking association between the low-affinity FcgammaRIIIA-158F allele and FF genotype and the risk of nephritis among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians (multivariate odds ratio [OR] 2.6 for Caucasians with FF genotype), (P = 0.0017). This association was even stronger among Caucasians with severe nephritis (OR 4.4, P < 0.0001). In contrast, inheritance of the low-affinity FcgammaRIIA-131R allele (and RR genotype) was not associated with an increased risk of lupus nephritis among any of the ethnic groups examined. CONCLUSION The FcgammaRIIIA-158F allele is a major risk factor for the development of lupus nephritis among Caucasians, but not among non-Caucasians. These results suggest that ethnic variation is critical in defining the specific genetic factors underlying the pathogenesis of SLE, and they have important prognostic and therapeutic implications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Seligman
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Meyer JM, Han J, Moxley G. Tumor necrosis factor markers show sex-influenced association with rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2001; 44:286-95. [PMID: 11229458 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200102)44:2<286::aid-anr45>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The observation that not all shared-epitope genotypes confer the same risk suggests that a second HLA-region locus may confer risk. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFgamma) is a possible candidate. We examined TNFalpha for sex influences on HLA-associated risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS DRB1 and TNF microsatellite typing of 297 Caucasian RA patients (132 men, 165 women) and 267 Caucasian controls was performed. RESULTS The TNFab microsatellite haplotype distribution differed among the male RA, female RA, and control groups (P < 0.01); the difference was largely an excess of TNFa2b1 haplotypes in the male RA group. However, this did not simply reflect an excess of shared-epitope haplotypes bearing TNFa2b1. In RA, not all shared-epitope-bearing haplotypes had the same TNFab. The *0401-bearing haplotypes commonly had TNFa6b5, TNFa2b1, TNFa10b4, and TNFa11b4, while the *0404-bearing haplotypes had TNFa11b4. In the female RA group, TNFa2b1 was most often on *0401-bearing haplotypes. In the male RA group, there was a surprise: TNFa2b1 was often on HLA haplotypes without shared-epitope DRB1 alleles. To estimate the relative strength of associated HLA markers, we performed logistic regression analyses stratified by sex and controlling for a potential confounder, age at disease onset. Among women, TNFa2b3 favored RA (odds ratio 1.932, P < 0.05) while TNFa6b5 was protective (odds ratio 0.522, P < 0.05). Among males, TNFa2b1 and TNFa11b4 conferred elevated odds ratios (2.58 and 1.681, respectively, P < 0.05). However, the odds ratios for TNFa2b1 in men and TNFa2b3 in women were generally well below those for RA-associated DRB1 markers (for example, DRB1*0401 3.553 in male RA patients and 6.991 in female RA patients). CONCLUSION Certain TNFab-bearing HLA haplotypes modify RA risk in a manner influenced by sex but independent of DRB1, particularly TNFa2b1 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Meyer
- McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center and Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23249, USA
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Fife MS, Fisher SA, John S, Worthington J, Shah CJ, Ollier WE, Panayi GS, Lewis CM, Lanchbury JS. Multipoint linkage analysis of a candidate gene locus in rheumatoid arthritis demonstrates significant evidence of linkage and association with the corticotropin-releasing hormone genomic region. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:1673-8. [PMID: 10943856 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1673::aid-anr2>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common disabling autoimmune disease, affecting approximately 1% of the population. The disease etiology is unknown, but it involves inflammation and immune dysregulation and is influenced by genetic variation at both HLA and other, as-yet-unidentified genetic loci. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; or corticotropin-releasing factor), a primary regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a key element in the response to stress and inflammation, is a strong candidate gene for RA. We examined the role of DNA variation across the region containing this gene in multicase families with RA. METHODS We genotyped fluorescently labeled simple tandem repeat genetic markers from chromosome 8q13 in 295 families with multiple cases of RA. Singlepoint and multipoint nonparametric linkage analysis and association analysis using transmission disequilibrium testing (TDT) were also used. RESULTS Single-point linkage analysis using a microsatellite within 30 kb of the CRH locus (CRH.PCR at position 8q13) showed a significant excess of allele sharing in 295 United Kingdom RA families with at least 2 affected members (MapMaker/Sibs logarithm of odds [LOD] 1.4; P = 5.5x10(-3); mean identity by descent [ibd] sharing 55.9%). To provide a more detailed linkage map, a multipoint analysis was conducted with an additional 7 dinucleotide microsatellite markers (average heterozygosity 0.75) flanking the CRH locus. Significant linkage was detected over a 22-cM region between D8S285 and D8S530, with the maximum singlepoint LOD score of 1.77 at D8S1723 (MapMaker/Sibs P = 2.2x10(-3); mean ibd sharing 59.3%). Multipoint analysis showed strongest evidence for linkage at the same marker (multipoint LOD 1.78, P = 2.1x10(-3), mean ibd sharing 55.8%). TDT analysis showed significant association at the CRH locus (P = 2.6x10(-3)). CRH has a sibling relative risk of 1.14, and contributes <10% to the sibling relative risk of RA. CONCLUSION With the exception of HLA, this is the strongest evidence yet of a genetic locus that is both linked to and associated with RA, and provides an avenue for further genetic characterization and potentially novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fife
- Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, Makki RF, Thomson W, Poulton K, González-Gay MA, García-Porrúa C, Mattey DL, Ollier WE. Different gene loci within the HLA-DR and TNF regions are independently associated with susceptibility and severity in Spanish rheumatoid arthritis patients. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2000; 55:319-25. [PMID: 10852383 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and HLA-DRB1 gene regions are independently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a population from Lugo region of northwestern Spain. RA patients (n=179) attending hospital outpatient clinics in Lugo, northwestern Spain and matched controls (n=145) were recruited. RA susceptibility in this population was predominantly associated with DRB1*0401, while erosive disease was associated with HLA-DRB1*0101 and DRB1*04. The increase in DRB1*04 was accounted for by an increase in DRB1*0404 and *0405 but not *0401 frequencies. In contrast, *0401 frequency was significantly increased in seropositive patients. The rheumatoid arthritis shared epitope (SE) was associated with increased risk for seropositive and erosive disease and this appeared to operate in a dose-dependent manner. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the TNF microsatellite markers TNFc1 and b3 were associated with RA independently of DRB1*04 and the SE. Carriage of a TNF c1 allele provided an increased risk of RA in SE-negative and SE-heterozygous individuals. TNFc1 and TNFb3 were not associated with erosive or seropositive disease. In contrast, TNF a2 was significantly associated with erosive disease which was independent of DRB1*04 and the SE. Further studies will be needed to establish why (TNFc1) polymorphism seemingly associated with low TNFalpha production, is a risk factor for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Hajeer
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Manchester University Medical School, United Kingdom.
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Kinane DF, Hodge P, Eskdale J, Ellis R, Gallagher G. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms at the interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor loci in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1999; 34:379-86. [PMID: 10685365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1999.tb02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early onset periodontitis (EOP) is considered to have a substantial genetic basis, although the gene or genes involved have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible links between generalized EOP (GEOP) and genes regulating expression of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Microsatellite marker DNA sequences corresponding to phenotypic variations in cytokine response were analysed. Genotypic variations in cytokine response have been shown in vitro for TNF and IL-10, and specific alleles are implicated in diseases such as systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two microsatellites at the IL-10 locus, IL10.R and IL10.G, and 1 microsatellite at the TNF locus, TNFa, were typed for 77 GEOP patients in the West of Scotland. Due to the highly polymorphic nature of the microsatellite loci, a statistical comparison with ethnically matched healthy controls (TNFa, n = 91, IL10.R, n = 94, IL10.G, n = 102) was conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation for each marker. No significant differences were observed for any of the 3 markers, although there were possible indications of trends similar to those observed in SLE for the IL10.G marker. In conclusion, no links were found between GEOP and microsatellites at TNFa, IL10.R or IL10.G loci.
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