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Nagayama T, Fujiwara SI, Tominaga R, Yokoyama D, Noguchi A, Furuki S, Oyama T, Koyama S, Murahashi R, Nakashima H, Ikeda T, Hyodo K, Kawaguchi SI, Toda Y, Umino K, Minakata D, Morita K, Ashizawa M, Yamamoto C, Hatano K, Sato K, Ohmine K, Kanda Y. Association of the pre-transplant CD4/CD8 ratio with the prognosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38767307 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2352614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment's cells can promote or inhibit tumor formation, and there are no reports on the CD4/CD8 ratio's association with outcomes post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We retrospectively evaluated the pre-transplant peripheral blood CD4/CD8 ratio in 168 patients who underwent their first allo-HSCT for hematological malignancies at our institution. When patients were divided into two groups according to the median CD4/CD8 ratio 1.35 (range, 0.09-19.89), the high CD4/CD8 ratio group had a higher incidence of relapse, equivalent non-relapse mortality and worse overall survival (OS) than the low CD4/CD8 ratio group. In a multivariate analysis, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse, although there was a marginally significant difference in OS. The pre-transplant peripheral blood CD4/CD8 ratio could be a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagayama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Cell Transplantation and Transfusion, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Cell Transplantation and Transfusion, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tominaga
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daizo Yokoyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Atsuto Noguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuka Furuki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Koyama
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Rui Murahashi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakashima
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kento Umino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Morita
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ashizawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hatano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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It's in the Bloody Genes! Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:96-97. [PMID: 32423503 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Blood cell concentrations for most cell types are highly heritable. Data from Nick Martin's twin registry provided much of the data for the early heritability and linkage studies of blood cell related traits and have contributed significantly to more recent genomewide association studies that have successfully identified individual genetic loci.
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Androutsakos T, Schina M, Pouliakis A, Kontos A, Sipsas N, Hatzis G. Causative factors of liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients. A single center study. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:91. [PMID: 32252653 PMCID: PMC7137262 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients; however no consensus exists on HIV-related risk factors for it. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in a cohort of Greek HIV-infected patients. METHODS Patients attending the HIV outpatient clinic of Pathophysiology Department at «Laiko» General Hospital in Athens, Greece, between December 2014 and December 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were confirmed HIV infection and age > 18 years. Exclusion criteria were Body-Mass index (BMI) > 40, liver metastases of malignant diseases and concurrent or previous chemotherapy. Liver stiffness (LS) was measured using Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (TE) and laboratory tests were acquired in all patients. Patients were classified in 2 groups: those with mild or no fibrosis (equivalent to Metavir score F0-F2) and those with significant fibrosis (equivalent to Metavir score F3-F4). RESULTS A total of 187 consecutive patients were included in this study. Median TE value was 5.1 kilopascals (KPa) (range 2.8-26.3), with 92.5% (173/187) of the patients having no/mild fibrosis and 7.4% (14/187) significant fibrosis. On multivariate logistic regression analysis older patient's age, abnormal serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, CD4/CD8 ratio and an increased number of liver related events (LREs) were significantly correlated with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of HIV-infected individuals HCV/HIV co-infection, older age, alcohol abuse and CD4/CD8 ratio seem to correlate with fibrogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Androutsakos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Schina
- Liver unit, Euroclinic of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Sipsas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregorios Hatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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The Impaired Balance of CD4+/CD8+ Ratio in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.96799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Almajwal AM, Alam I, Abulmeaty M, Razak S, Pawelec G, Alam W. Intake of dietary advanced glycation end products influences inflammatory markers, immune phenotypes, and antiradical capacity of healthy elderly in a little-studied population. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1046-1057. [PMID: 32148813 PMCID: PMC7020308 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGE) have profound negative effects on overall health, and their intake must be assessed. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated dAGE intake of 337 adult participants (180/157:M/F; age range 50-73 years). Data were collected on anthropometrics, body composition, dietary intake, selected blood biochemistry, immunological parameters, and antiradical capacity (50% hemolysis time; HT50). From the dietary data, dAGEs and phytochemical index (PI) were calculated. Mean BMI, % body fat (%BF), and fasting plasma glucose were all within the accepted normal range. Subjects with high dAGE intake had higher %BF, higher energy intake, and lower PI. They tended to have lower CD4/CD8 ratios and higher proportions of B cells and NK cells, but had significantly higher hs-CRP levels and lower HT50 values. Results on HT50 suggested that being >60 years of age enhanced dAGE-associated impairment of defense capacity in both those with low and high HT50 compared with those <60 years of age. Thus, overall dAGE consumption was high, but elderly participants had lower dAGE intake than younger adults. Indicators of nutritional status and immunological parameters of the subjects were found to be associated with dAGE intake, suggesting a potential impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Madi Almajwal
- Clinical Nutrition ProgramDepartment of Community Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Clinical Nutrition ProgramDepartment of Community Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Human Nutrition & DieteticsBacha Khan University CharsaddaCharsaddaPakistan
| | - Mahmoud Abulmeaty
- Clinical Nutrition ProgramDepartment of Community Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Clinical Nutrition ProgramDepartment of Community Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Health Sciences North Research InstituteSudburyONCanada
| | - Wajid Alam
- Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKhyber College of DentistryPeshawarPakistan
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Shigeta N, Nakamura H, Kumasawa K, Imai K, Saito S, Sakaguchi S, Kimura T. Are naïve T cells and class-switched memory (IgD - CD27 +) B cells not essential for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy? Insights from a case of common variable immunodeficiency with pregnancy. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:36-41. [PMID: 30396484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The disruption of adaptive immune response has adverse effects on the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The adaptive immune system is regulated by several types of immune cells. However, there is limited information about cell hierarchy in the adaptive immune response to the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in women. The assessment of the outcome of pregnancy in primary immunodeficiency diseases could help in understanding the cell hierarchy in the adaptive immune system during pregnancy. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous adaptive immune system disorder characterized by primary hypogammaglobulinemia. A few studies have previously reported the assessment of the T and B cell subpopulations in CVID patients. However, an assessment of the subpopulations of T and B cells and the outcome of pregnancy in women with CVID has not been reported till date. Most CVID patients show a general decrease in the expression of CD27 in B cells. The assessment of pregnancy and the subpopulations of T and B cells in CVID women with severe reduction in the naïve T and switched B cells could help understand whether these cells are essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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7
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Cytokine secretion responsiveness of lymphomonocytes following cortisol cell exposure: Sex differences. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200924. [PMID: 30048487 PMCID: PMC6062061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress hormone cortisol has been recognized as a coordinator of immune response. However, its different ability to modulate the release of inflammatory mediators in males and females has not been clarified yet. Indeed, the dissection of cortisol specific actions may be difficult due to the complex hormonal and physio-pathological individual status. Herein, the release of inflammatory mediators following increasing cortisol concentrations was investigated in an in vitro model of primary human male and female lymphomonocytes. The use of a defined cellular model to assess sex differences in inflammatory cytokine secretion could be useful to exclude the effects of divergent and fluctuating sex hormone levels occurring in vivo. Herein, the cells were challenged with cortisol concentrations resembling the plasma levels achieving in physiological and stressful conditions. The production of cytokines and other molecules involved in inflammatory process was determined. In basal conditions, male cells presented higher levels of some pro-inflammatory molecules (NF-kB and IDO-1 mRNAs, IL-6 and kynurenine) than female cells. Following cortisol exposure, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, were increased in male cells. Conversely, in female cells IL-6 release was unchanged and IL-8 levels were decreased. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, did not change in male cells and increased in female cells. Interestingly, kynurenine levels were higher in female cells than in male cells following cortisol stimulus. These results highlighted that cortisol differently affects male and female lymphomonocytes, shifting the cytokine release in favour of a pro-inflammatory pattern in male cells and an anti-inflammatory secretion profile in female cells, opening the way to study the influences of other stressful factors involved in the neurohumoral changes occurring in the response to stress conditions.
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8
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Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health? PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006624. [PMID: 29095912 PMCID: PMC5667733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Shah NN, Parta M, Baird K, Rafei H, Cole K, Holland SM, Hickstein DD. Monozygotic twins with GATA2 deficiency: same haploidentical-related donor, different severity of GvHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1580-1582. [PMID: 28825694 PMCID: PMC7869005 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Parta
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K Baird
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - H Rafei
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Cole
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D D Hickstein
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Continuous immunotypes describe human immune variation and predict diverse responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6097-E6106. [PMID: 28696306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705065114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system consists of many specialized cell populations that communicate with each other to achieve systemic immune responses. Our analyses of various measured immune cell population frequencies in healthy humans and their responses to diverse stimuli show that human immune variation is continuous in nature, rather than characterized by discrete groups of similar individuals. We show that the same three key combinations of immune cell population frequencies can define an individual's immunotype and predict a diverse set of functional responses to cytokine stimulation. We find that, even though interindividual variations in specific cell population frequencies can be large, unrelated individuals of younger age have more homogeneous immunotypes than older individuals. Across age groups, cytomegalovirus seropositive individuals displayed immunotypes characteristic of older individuals. The conceptual framework for defining immunotypes suggested by our results could guide the development of better therapies that appropriately modulate collective immunotypes, rather than individual immune components.
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11
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Apoil PA, Puissant-Lubrano B, Congy-Jolivet N, Peres M, Tkaczuk J, Roubinet F, Blancher A. Influence of age, sex and HCMV-serostatus on blood lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy adults. Cell Immunol 2017; 314:42-53. [PMID: 28219652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a standardized immunophenotyping procedure we studied thirty-eight distinct subpopulations of T, B and NK lymphocytes in 253 healthy blood donors aged from 19 to 67. We analysed the influence of age, sex and HCMV seropositivity on each lymphocyte subpopulations and established reference ranges. We observed that aging influences the largest number of lymphocyte subpopulations with a slow increase of CD8+ EMRA T lymphocytes and of the numbers of circulating Tregs. The proportion of HLA-DR+ cells among Tregs increased with age and was correlated to the proportion of HLA-DR+ cells among effector T CD4+ lymphocytes. Sex had a major impact on absolute counts of CD4+ T cells which were higher in females. HCMV-seropositivity was associated with higher frequencies of CD8+ EMRA memory T lymphocytes while a high frequency of terminally differentiated EMRA CD4+ T cells was observed in 80% of HCMV-positive individuals and in none of the HCMV seronegative individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Apoil
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - B Puissant-Lubrano
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - N Congy-Jolivet
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - M Peres
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - J Tkaczuk
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - F Roubinet
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France
| | - A Blancher
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, France.
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12
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Abstract
This is an exciting time for immunology because the future promises to be replete with exciting new discoveries that can be translated to improve health and treat disease in novel ways. Immunologists are attempting to answer increasingly complex questions concerning phenomena that range from the genetic, molecular, and cellular scales to that of organs, whole animals or humans, and populations of humans and pathogens. An important goal is to understand how the many different components involved interact with each other within and across these scales for immune responses to emerge, and how aberrant regulation of these processes causes disease. To aid this quest, large amounts of data can be collected using high-throughput instrumentation. The nonlinear, cooperative, and stochastic character of the interactions between components of the immune system as well as the overwhelming amounts of data can make it difficult to intuit patterns in the data or a mechanistic understanding of the phenomena being studied. Computational models are increasingly important in confronting and overcoming these challenges. I first describe an iterative paradigm of research that integrates laboratory experiments, clinical data, computational inference, and mechanistic computational models. I then illustrate this paradigm with a few examples from the recent literature that make vivid the power of bringing together diverse types of computational models with experimental and clinical studies to fruitfully interrogate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup K Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Departments of Chemical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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13
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Day K, Waite LL, Alonso A, Irvin MR, Zhi D, Thibeault KS, Aslibekyan S, Hidalgo B, Borecki IB, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK, Tiwari HK, Absher DM. Heritable DNA Methylation in CD4+ Cells among Complex Families Displays Genetic and Non-Genetic Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165488. [PMID: 27792787 PMCID: PMC5085095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation at CpG sites is both heritable and influenced by environment, but the relative contributions of each to DNA methylation levels are unclear. We conducted a heritability analysis of CpG methylation in human CD4+ cells across 975 individuals from 163 families in the Genetics of Lipid-lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN). Based on a broad-sense heritability (H2) value threshold of 0.4, we identified 20,575 highly heritable CpGs among the 174,445 most variable autosomal CpGs (SD > 0.02). Tests for associations of heritable CpGs with genotype at 2,145,360 SNPs using 717 of 975 individuals showed that ~74% were cis-meQTLs (< 1 Mb away from the CpG), 6% of CpGs exhibited trans-meQTL associations (>1 Mb away from the CpG or located on a different chromosome), and 20% of CpGs showed no strong significant associations with genotype (based on a p-value threshold of 1e-7). Genes proximal to the genotype independent heritable CpGs were enriched for functional terms related to regulation of T cell activation. These CpGs were also among those that distinguished T cells from other blood cell lineages. Compared to genes proximal to meQTL-associated heritable CpGs, genotype independent heritable CpGs were moderately enriched in the same genomic regions that escape erasure during primordial germ cell development and could carry potential for generational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Day
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lindsay L. Waite
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Arnald Alonso
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Degui Zhi
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Krista S. Thibeault
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Washington University, Division of Statistical Genomics, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Tufts University, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Brodin P, Jojic V, Gao T, Bhattacharya S, Angel CJL, Furman D, Shen-Orr S, Dekker CL, Swan GE, Butte AJ, Maecker HT, Davis MM. Variation in the human immune system is largely driven by non-heritable influences. Cell 2015; 160:37-47. [PMID: 25594173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable heterogeneity in immunological parameters between individuals, but its sources are largely unknown. To assess the relative contribution of heritable versus non-heritable factors, we have performed a systems-level analysis of 210 healthy twins between 8 and 82 years of age. We measured 204 different parameters, including cell population frequencies, cytokine responses, and serum proteins, and found that 77% of these are dominated (>50% of variance) and 58% almost completely determined (>80% of variance) by non-heritable influences. In addition, some of these parameters become more variable with age, suggesting the cumulative influence of environmental exposure. Similarly, the serological responses to seasonal influenza vaccination are also determined largely by non-heritable factors, likely due to repeated exposure to different strains. Lastly, in MZ twins discordant for cytomegalovirus infection, more than half of all parameters are affected. These results highlight the largely reactive and adaptive nature of the immune system in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17121 Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhattacharya
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cesar J Lopez Angel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - David Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shai Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gary E Swan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Center for Pediatric Bioinformatics, Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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15
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Leung V, Gillis J, Raboud J, Cooper C, Hogg RS, Loutfy MR, Machouf N, Montaner JSG, Rourke SB, Tsoukas C, Klein MB. Predictors of CD4:CD8 ratio normalization and its effect on health outcomes in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77665. [PMID: 24204912 PMCID: PMC3813720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV leads to CD4:CD8 ratio inversion as immune dysregulation progresses. We examined the predictors of CD4:CD8 normalization after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and determined whether normalization is associated with reduced progression to AIDS-defining illnesses (ADI) and death. Methods A Canadian cohort of HIV-positive adults with CD4:CD8<1.2 prior to starting cART from 2000–2010 were analyzed. Predictors of (1) reaching a CD4:CD8 ≥1.2 on two separate follow-up visits >30 days apart, and (2) ADI and death from all causes were assessed using adjusted proportional hazards models. Results 4206 patients were studied for a median of 2.77 years and 306 (7.2%) normalized their CD4:CD8 ratio. Factors associated with achieving a normal CD4:CD8 ratio were: baseline CD4+ T-cells >350 cells/mm3, baseline CD8+ T-cells <500 cells/mm3, time-updated HIV RNA suppression, and not reporting sex with other men as a risk factor. There were 213 ADIs and 214 deaths in 13476 person-years of follow-up. Achieving a normal CD4:CD8 ratio was not associated with time to ADI/death. Conclusions In our study, few individuals normalized their CD4:CD8 ratios within the first few years of initiating modern cART. This large study showed no additional short-term predictive value of the CD4:CD8 ratio for clinical outcomes after accounting for other risk factors including age and HIV RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gillis
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janet Raboud
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Curtis Cooper
- University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert S. Hogg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Mona R. Loutfy
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Julio S. G. Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Chris Tsoukas
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marina B. Klein
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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16
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A variable CD3⁺ T-cell frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus development in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64305. [PMID: 23717591 PMCID: PMC3661438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat is an animal model of human type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which arose through a spontaneous mutation within the MHC-congenic inbred strain LEW.1AR1 (RT1r2). In contrast to the diabetes-resistant LEW.1AR1 background strain in LEW.1AR1-iddm rats a highly variable T-cell frequency could be observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Methods In this study we therefore characterised the T-cell repertoire within the PBLs of the two strains by flow cytometry analysis and identified the CD3+ T-cell phenotype and its possible linkage to diabetes susceptibility. To map loci conferring susceptibility to variable CD3+ T-cell frequency, backcross strains (N2) were generated with the genetically divergent BN and PAR rats for microsatellite analysis. Results The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat strain was characterised by a higher variability of CD3+ T-cells in PBLs along with a slightly decreased mean value compared to the LEW.1AR1 background strain. The reason for this reduction was a decrease in the CD4+ T-cell count while the CD8+ T-cell proportion remained unchanged. However, both T-cell subpopulations showed a high variability. This resulted in a lower CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio than in LEW.1AR1 rats. Like LEW.1AR1-iddm rats all animals of the backcross populations, N2 BN and N2 PAR rats, also showed large variations of the CD3+ T-cell frequency. The phenotype of variable CD3+ T-cell frequency mapped to the telomeric region of chromosome 1 (RNO1), which is identical with the already known Iddm8 diabetes susceptibility region. The data indicate that a variable CD3+ T-cell frequency in PBLs is genetically linked to diabetes susceptibility in the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat. Conclusion The T-cell variability in PBLs could be related to the previously reported imbalance between regulatory and effector T-cell populations which results in beta-cell autoimmunity. Since similar T-cell phenotypes have also been described in human T1DM the identification of the functional role of the observed variable CD3+ T-cell frequency may help to understand the mechanisms of autoimmunity in T1DM.
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Wang L, Zheng Y, Xu H, Yan X, Chang X. Investigate pathogenic mechanism of TXNDC5 in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53301. [PMID: 23326410 PMCID: PMC3541148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stimulates synovial hypoperfusion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TXNDC5 stimulates cellular proliferation in hypoxic conditions. We previously detected increased TXNDC5 expression in synovial tissues and blood from RA patients and demonstrated that the gene encoding TXNDC5 increased RA risk. The present study investigated the pathogenic roles of TXNDC5 in RA. Transgenic mice that over-expressed TXNDC5 (TXNDC5-Tg) were generated using C57BL/6J mice and treated with bovine collagen II to induce arthritis (CIA). Synovial fibroblasts from RA patients (RASFs) were cultured and incubated with TXNDC5-siRNA or CoCl(2), a chemical that induces hypoxia. CIA was observed in 80% of the TXNDC5-Tg, but only 20% of the wild-type mice (WT) developed CIA. The clinical arthritis scores reached 5 in the TXNDC5-Tg, but this index only reached 2 in the control mice. CIA TXNDC5-Tg exhibited clear pannus proliferation and bone erosion in joint tissues. A significant increase in CD4 T cells was observed in the thymus and spleen of TXNDC5-Tg during CIA. Serum levels of anti-collagen II IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were significantly elevated in the mice. Increased cell proliferation, cell migration and TXNDC5 expression were observed in RASFs following incubation with 1 µM CoCl(2). However, this effect was diminished when TXNDC5 expression was inhibited with 100 nM siRNA. TNF-alpha, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the blood of TXNDC5-Tg mice, but the levels of these cytokines declined in the supernatant of RASFs that were treated with TXNDC5 siRNA. The expression of adiponectin, a cytokine-like mediator, decreased significantly in RASFs following TXNDC5 siRNA treatment. These results suggest that TXNDC5-over-expressing mice were susceptible to CIA. This study also suggests that hypoxia induced TXCNDC5 expression, which contributed to adiponectin expression, cytokine production and the cellular proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yabing Zheng
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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18
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Huang B, Wang QT, Song SS, Wu YJ, Ma YK, Zhang LL, Chen JY, Wu HX, Jiang L, Wei W. Combined use of etanercept and MTX restores CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio and Tregs in spleen and thymus in collagen-induced arthritis. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1229-39. [PMID: 22802109 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further explore the mechanism of etanercept (ENT, rhTNFR:Fc) and methotrexate (MTX) in the combined treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether thymic and splenic T-cell subsets and their related cytokines imbalance could be restored by ETN/MTX treatment. METHODS The effect of ETN/MTX on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated by arthritis scores, joint and spleen histopathology, as well as indices of thymus and spleen. T lymphocytes proliferation was determined by [(3)H]-TdR incorporation. Levels of TNF-α, LT-α, IL-1β, RANKL, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and IL-6 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The subsets of T lymphocytes including CD4(+), CD8(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD62L(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells were quantified using flow cytometry. RESULTS Combined administration of ETN/MTX significantly inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes, decreased serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, RANKL and macrophage supernatant IL-17, LT-α, increased serum IFN-γ and macrophage supernatant IL-10. Moreover, the combined administration could restore CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and Treg cells of CIA thymus and spleen. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that ENT/MTX may modify the abnormal T lymphocytes balance from central to peripheral lymphoid organs, which may partially, explained the mechanism of the combined administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education Ministry, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Baharav E, Bar M, Taler M, Gil-Ad I, Karp L, Weinberger A, Weizman A. Immunomodulatory effect of sertraline in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:309-18. [PMID: 22797111 DOI: 10.1159/000339109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) modulate immune system functionality. SSRIs are the preferred treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). A high rate of MDD is observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological effects of SSRIs in a rat model of RA. METHODS Adjuvant arthritis was induced in 8-week-old Lewis rats; in the first set of experiments following the induction, 15.3 or 30.6 mg/kg of sertraline was daily injected into the ankle joint of the left rear leg. Clinical disease activity was evaluated and the findings compared with the 3 untreated legs and with control groups given methotrexate (MTX) or vehicle only at the same site. In a second set of experiments, the effect of 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg daily oral sertraline was evaluated in the same rat model. Splenocyte viability and inflammatory mediators were evaluated. RESULTS The sertraline-treated rats showed a significant reduction in clinical arthritis compared to controls, at all doses given, accompanied by a significant increase in interleukin 10 and a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α levels and cycloxygenase-2 production, without lymphotoxicity. There was no significant difference from MTX, the first-line treatment for RA patients. Oral sertraline had a significant anti-inflammatory effect at all doses. There was no treatment × time effect. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of sertraline in this rat model of arthritis have clinical implications for its use in humans. Large-scale clinical efficacy trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Baharav
- Laboratory of Joint Pathophysiology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine C, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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Aarnink A, Garchon HJ, Puissant-Lubrano B, Blancher-Sardou M, Apoil PA, Blancher A. Impact of MHC class II polymorphism on blood counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes in macaque. Immunogenetics 2010; 63:95-102. [PMID: 21086122 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the number of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and of their two main subsets (CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+) varies little in a given healthy individual, substantial variation is observed between individuals. It was proposed that these counts could be influenced by MHC polymorphisms because of the well-established role of MHC molecules in thymic T lymphocyte maturation and presentation of antigenic peptides to peripheral T lymphocytes. To test this hypothesis, we have chosen the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), an animal model phylogenetically close to man. We selected the Philippine macaque population because of a restriction of the MHC polymorphism in this islander population. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were counted with an automated analyzer and T lymphocyte subsets were assessed by immunolabeling and flow cytometry. The MHC polymorphism was investigated in 200 unrelated subjects using 14 microsatellites markers distributed across the MHC and the DRB locus that was genotyped by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. All markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allelic associations were tested with the UNPHASED software. We revealed a significant influence of the MHC class II region on CD4+ T lymphocyte blood count with the largest effect associated with a two-locus haplotypes combining the DRACA allele 274 and the DRB haplotype #8a (p < 8 × 10(-7)). Our data should stimulate a similar association study of the CD4+ T cell counts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Aarnink
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, IFR150 (INSERM), CHU de Toulouse, 1 avenue Jean Poulhes, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France
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21
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Vieira J, Cardoso CS, Pinto J, Patil K, Brazdil P, Cruz E, Mascarenhas C, Lacerda R, Gartner A, Almeida S, Alves H, Porto G. A putative gene located at the MHC class I region around the D6S105 marker contributes to the setting of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers in humans. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:359-67. [PMID: 17845307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Significant associations between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A and -B alleles and CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers have been reported in the literature in both healthy populations and in HFE-haemochromatosis patients. In order to address whether HLA alleles themselves or alleles at linked genes are responsible for these associations, several genetic markers at the MHC class I region were typed on a population of 147 apparently healthy unrelated subjects phenotypically characterized for their CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocyte numbers. By using a machine learning approach, a set of rules was generated that predict the number of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers on the basis of the information of the D6S105 microsatellite alleles only. We demonstrate that the previously reported associations with HLA-A and -B alleles are due to the presence of common long (up to 4 megabases long) haplotypes that increased in frequency recently due to positive selection and that encompass a region where a putative gene contributing to the setting of CD8+ T lymphocytes is located, in the neighbourhood of microsatellite locus D6S105, in the 6p21.3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vieira
- Molecular Evolution, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Margolick JB, Gange SJ, Detels R, O'Gorman MRG, Rinaldo CR, Lai S. Impact of inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio on the natural history of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 42:620-6. [PMID: 16868499 DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000223028.55080.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infection is characterized by an inverted CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, but the distribution of inversions over time after seroconversion and whether delay of inversion is associated with a favorable prognosis are not known. METHODS T-cell counts and clinical outcomes among men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had incident HIV-1 infection before December 31, 1995 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results were also analyzed by time-dependent multivariate methods to adjust for CD4 lymphocyte counts, viral loads, age, race, and polymorphisms in host chemokine receptor genes (CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2-64I). RESULTS Among 424 cases whose date of seroconversion was known to within +/-4.5 months, 317, 52, and 55 inverted their CD4/CD8 ratio within less than 1, 1 to 2, and more than 2 years of seroconversion, respectively. Longer time to inversion was significantly associated with longer time to AIDS, even after adjusting for CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load at the first seropositive visit and over the first 3 seropositive visits. Of the 6 seroconverters who had more than 500 CD4 lymphocytes 10 years after seroconversion without receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, 5 took more than 2 years to invert their CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio independently predicted time to AIDS. Early measurements of the CD4/CD8 ratio until inversion occurs may identify people likely to become long-term nonprogressors or slow progressors, thus facilitating detailed studies of the mechanism of HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Cruz E, Vieira J, Almeida S, Lacerda R, Gartner A, Cardoso CS, Alves H, Porto G. A study of 82 extended HLA haplotypes in HFE-C282Y homozygous hemochromatosis subjects: relationship to the genetic control of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and severity of iron overload. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2006; 7:16. [PMID: 16509978 PMCID: PMC1413516 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been recently demonstrated that CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers are genetically transmitted in association with the MHC class I region. The present study was designed with the objective of narrowing the region associated with the setting of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers in a population of C282Y homozygous hemochromatosis subjects, in whom a high prevalence of abnormally low CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts has been described. Methods The study includes 43 C282Y homozygous subjects fully characterized both phenotypically and genotypically. Clinical characterization includes measurements of iron parameters at diagnosis (transferrin saturation and serum ferritin), total body iron stores and T-cell immunophenotyping determined by flow cytometry. Genetic characterization includes HLA class I alleles (A, B and C) and four additional microsatellite markers (D6S265, D6S2222, D6S105 and D6S2239) spanning 5 Megabases in the 6p21.3 region. Results Eighty-two extended C282Y carrying haplotypes were defined. Single-locus analysis revealed that the HLA-A region was associated with CD8+ T-cell numbers. Multivariate analysis showed that the combinations of the most common HLA-A alleles (HLA-A*03, -A*02 and -A*01) were associated with significantly lower numbers of CD8+ T-lymphocytes (0.30 ± 0.14 × 106/ml), in comparison with subjects carrying only one copy of those alleles (0.46 ± 0.19 × 106/ml) and subjects without any copy of those alleles (0.79 ± 0.15 × 106/ml;p = 0.0001). No differences were observed in CD8+ T-cell counts among control subjects carrying the same combinations of HLA-A alleles (0.47 ± 0.14; 0.45 ± 0.21 and 0.41 ± 0.17 × 106/ml, respectively), therefore not supporting a direct effect of HLA specificity but rather an indirect association with a locus close to HLA-A. Multivariate analysis showed that the combination of the most common HLA-A alleles also have an impact on the clinical expression of HH in terms of iron stores, in males(p = 0.0009). Conclusion The present study provides evidence supporting an inextricable link between extended HLA haplotypes, CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers and severity of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis(HH). It gives additional information to better define a candidate region involved in the regulation of CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers. A new evolutionary hypothesis concerning the inheritance of the phenotype of low CD8+ T-lymphocyte numbers associated with particular ancestral HLA haplotypes carrying the C282Y mutation and its implication on the clinical heterogeneity of HH is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénia Cruz
- Clinical Hematology, Santo António General Hospital, Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Immunology and Pathology, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Science (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
- Iron Genes and the Immune System (IRIS), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Vieira
- Molecular Evolution, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Almeida
- Iron Genes and the Immune System (IRIS), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Lacerda
- Molecular Immunology and Pathology, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Science (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Gartner
- Molecular Genetics, North Histocompatibility Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S Cardoso
- Iron Genes and the Immune System (IRIS), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Alves
- Molecular Genetics, North Histocompatibility Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Clinical Hematology, Santo António General Hospital, Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Immunology and Pathology, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Science (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
- Iron Genes and the Immune System (IRIS), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
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Macedo MF, Cruz E, Lacerda R, Porto G, de Sousa M. Low serum transferrin levels in HFE C282Y homozygous subjects are associated with low CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 35:319-25. [PMID: 16140024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic iron overload disease, in the majority of cases associated with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene. In spite of this genetic homogeneity, there is a great clinical heterogeneity among HH patients. Low CD8(+) lymphocyte numbers have been associated with a more severe expression of iron overload in HH patients, and in experimental models of iron overload. HH patients present low serum transferrin levels. Transferrin is an indispensable resource for lymphopoiesis. Lymphocyte homeostasis follows general ecology rules of population dynamics that involve competition for limiting resources. In the present study, we questioned whether transferrin levels could be associated with the anomalies seen previously in lymphocyte subset numbers in HH patients. Transferrin levels, total and subset T lymphocyte counts were done in 426 apparently healthy subjects genotyped for HFE. All HFE C282Y carriers presented significantly lower serum transferrin levels than the wild type group, a difference that could not be explained solely by the degree of iron overload. Significant differences were also seen in transferrin levels between males and females, with females presenting higher average serum Transferrin levels. In the population of subjects with Transferrin levels lower than 248 mg/dl, a positive correlation was seen between the peripheral CD8(+) lymphocyte numbers and serum transferrin levels (R(2) = 2.41; r = 0.16; P = 0.018). To test the possible limiting resource effect of transferrin, the correlation between transferrin levels and CD8(+) lymphocyte numbers was scrutinized in 34 HH patients, homozygous for the C282Y mutation. In the homozygous males, where the lowest average transferrin levels were seen, another highly significant correlation was observed between Transferrin levels and CD8(+) numbers. This correlation points to a possible role of transferrin as a limiting resource for MHC class I dependent lymphocyte proliferation, an effect that was not observed in C282Y homozygous female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fatima Macedo
- Division of Human Genetics and Genetic Disorders, Iron Genes and the Immune System Laboratory, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Oporto, Portugal
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