1
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Mapfumo P, Reichel LS, André T, Hoeppener S, Rudolph LK, Traeger A. Optimizing Biocompatibility and Gene Delivery with DMAEA and DMAEAm: A Niacin-Derived Copolymer Approach. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4749-4761. [PMID: 38963401 PMCID: PMC11323007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is pivotal in nanomedicine, offering a versatile approach to disease treatment. This study aims to achieve an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, which is a common challenge in the field. A copolymer library is synthesized, incorporating niacin-derived monomers 2-acrylamidoethyl nicotinate (AAEN) or 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate (AEN) with N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm) or hydrolysis-labile N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA). Evaluation of the polymers' cytotoxicity profiles reveals that an increase in AAEN or DMAEA molar ratios correlates with improved biocompatibility. Remarkably, an increase in AAEN in both DMAEA and DMAEAm copolymers demonstrated enhanced transfection efficiencies of plasmid DNA in HEK293T cells. Additionally, the top-performing polymers demonstrate promising gene expression in challenging-to-transfect cells (THP-1 and Jurkat cells) and show no significant effect on modulating immune response induction in ex vivo treated murine monocytes. Overall, the best performing candidates exhibit an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, showcasing potential advancements in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper
P. Mapfumo
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Liên S. Reichel
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Thomas André
- Leibniz
Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | | | - Anja Traeger
- Institute
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
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2
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Hartl N, Gabold B, Adams F, Uhl P, Oerter S, Gätzner S, Metzger M, König AC, Hauck SM, Appelt-Menzel A, Mier W, Fricker G, Merkel OM. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier? - prediction of blood-brain permeability of hydrophobically modified polyethylenimine polyplexes for siRNA delivery into the brain with in vitro and in vivo models. J Control Release 2023; 360:613-629. [PMID: 37437848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective biological barrier that represents a major bottleneck in the treatment of all types of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers in principle a promising therapeutic approach, e.g., for brain tumors, by downregulating brain tumor-related genes and inhibiting tumor growth via RNA interference. In an effort to develop efficient siRNA nanocarriers for crossing the BBB, we utilized polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers hydrophobically modified with either stearic-acid (SA) or dodecylacrylamide (DAA) subunits and evaluated their suitability for delivering siRNA across the BBB in in vitro and in vivo BBB models depending on their structure. Physicochemical characteristics of siRNA-polymer complexes (polyplexes (PXs)), e.g., particle size and surface charge, were measured by dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler anemometry, whereas siRNA condensation ability of polymers and polyplex stability was evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. The composition of the biomolecule corona that absorbs on polyplexes upon encountering physiological fluids was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. Cellular internalization abilities of PXs into brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) was confirmed, and a BBB permeation assay using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived BBB model revealed similar abilities to cross the BBB for all formulations under physiological conditions. However, biodistribution studies of radiolabeled PXs in mice were inconsistent with in vitro results as the detected amount of radiolabeled siRNA in the brain delivered with PEI PXs was higher compared to PEI-SA PXs. Taken together, PEI PXs were shown to be a suitable nanocarrier to deliver small amounts of siRNA across the BBB into the brain but more sophisticated human BBB models that better represent physiological conditions and biodistribution are required to provide highly predictive in vitro data for human CNS drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Adams
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gätzner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Helmholtz Centrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Helmholtz Centrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Protein Science, Heidemannsstr. 1, 80939, Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), 97070 Würzburg, Germany; University Hospital Würzburg, Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- University of Heidelberg, Institute for Pharmacy & Molekular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Kazemi-Ashtiyani M, Hajipour-Verdom B, Satari M, Abdolmaleki P, Hosseinkhani S, Shaki H. Estimating the two graph dextran-stearic acid-spermine polymers based on iron oxide nanoparticles as carrier for gene delivery. Biopolymers 2022; 113:e23491. [PMID: 35560028 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene carriers have shown noticeable potential in gene delivery because of limited side effects, biocompatibility, simplicity, and the ability to take advantage of electrostatic interactions. However, the low transfection rate of non-viral vectors under physiological conditions is controversial. This study aimed to decrease the transfection time using a static magnetic field. We used self-assembled cationic polysaccharides based on dextran-stearic acid-spermine (DSASP) conjugates associated with Fe3 O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles to investigate their potential as gene carriers to promote the target delivery. Our findings illustrate that the magnetic nanoparticles are spherical with a positive surface charge and exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The DSASP-pDNA/Fe3 O4 complexes offered a strong pDNA condensation, protection against DNase degradation, and significant cell viability in HEK 293T cells. Our results demonstrated that although conjugation of stearic acid could play a role in transfection efficiency, DSASP magnetic carriers with more spermine derivatives showed better affinity between the amphiphilic polymer and the negatively charged cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Hajipour-Verdom
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Satari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Parviz Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shaki
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Wang Z, Sun J, Li M, Luo T, Shen Y, Cao A, Sheng R. Natural steroid-based cationic copolymers cholesterol/diosgenin- r-PDMAEMAs and their pDNA nanoplexes: impact of steroid structures and hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratios on pDNA delivery. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19450-19460. [PMID: 35479247 PMCID: PMC9033666 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00223f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using natural-based lipids to construct biocompatible, controllable and efficient nanocarriers and elucidating their structure-function relationships, was regarded as an important area for creating sustainable biomaterials. Herein, we utilized two natural steroids: cholesterol and diosgenin (bearing different hydrophobic tails) as the building blocks, to synthesize a series of natural steroid-based cationic random copolymers PMA6Chol-r-PDMAEMA and PMA6Dios-r-PDMAEMA via RAFT polymerization. The results demonstrated that the steroid-r-PDMAEMA copolymers could efficiently bind pDNA (N/P < 3.0) and then form near-spherical shape (142-449 nm) and positively-charged (+11.5 to +19.6 mV) nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity and gene transfection efficiency greatly depend on the steroid hydrophobic tail structures and steroid/PDMAEMA block ratios. Optimum transfection efficiency of the (Chol-P1/pDNA and Dios-P3/pDNA) nanoplexes could reach to 18.1-31.2% of the PEI-25K/pDNA complex. Moreover, all of the steroid-r-PDMAEMA/Cy3-pDNA nanoplexes have an obvious "lysosome localization" effect, indicating the steroid structures do not remarkably influence the intracellular localization behaviors of these nanoplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200072 China.,School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200072 China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Mingrui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ting Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yulin Shen
- School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology Nanjing 211169 China
| | - Amin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200072 China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China.,CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira Campus da Penteada Funchal Madeira 9000-390 Portugal
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5
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Erdene-Ochir T, Ganbold T, Zandan J, Han S, Borjihan G, Baigude H. Alkylation enhances biocompatibility and siRNA delivery efficiency of cationic curdlan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:118-125. [PMID: 31816379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic curdlan derivatives are a class of promising carriers for nucleic acid delivery including short interfering RNA (siRNA). While our previous studies demonstrated the siRNA delivery efficiency of aminated curdlan derivatives, the associated cytotoxicity issue remained unsolved. To investigate the effects of alkylation on the toxicity as well as the transfection efficiency, we conjugated short alkyl chains to 6-amino-6-deoxy-curdlan (6AC-100). The cytotoxicity of alkylated 6AC-100 derivatives (denote CuVa polymers) decreased with the increase of the degree of substitution (DS). CuVa3, with the highest DS, showed a 50% decreased cytotoxicity compared to 6AC-100 to 6AC-100 at a concentration of 140 μg/mL. The CuVa polymers readily complexed with siRNA to form nanoparticles, and induced significant knockdown of a disease related gene (STAT3) in mouse melanoma cell line B16. However, B16 cells transfected with siSTAT3 complexed to CuVa3 showed the highest phenotypic changes. These findings suggest that CuVa polymers have significantly enhanced biocompatibility and may be a promising delivery system for delivery of therapeutic siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tseyenkhorloo Erdene-Ochir
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
| | - Jargalmaa Zandan
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Shuqin Han
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Gereltu Borjihan
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, PR China.
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6
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Gigante A, Li M, Junghänel S, Hirschhäuser C, Knauer S, Schmuck C. Non-viral transfection vectors: are hybrid materials the way forward? MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1692-1718. [PMID: 32180915 PMCID: PMC7053704 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transfection is a process by which oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) are delivered into living cells. This allows the synthesis of target proteins as well as their inhibition (gene silencing). However, oligonucleotides cannot cross the plasma membrane by themselves; therefore, efficient carriers are needed for successful gene delivery. Recombinant viruses are among the earliest described vectors. Unfortunately, they have severe drawbacks such as toxicity and immunogenicity. In this regard, the development of non-viral transfection vectors has attracted increasing interests, and has become an important field of research. In the first part of this review we start with a tutorial introduction into the biological backgrounds of gene transfection followed by the classical non-viral vectors (cationic organic carriers and inorganic nanoparticles). In the second part we highlight selected recent reports, which demonstrate that hybrid vectors that combine key features of classical carriers are a remarkable strategy to address the current challenges in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gigante
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - M Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - S Junghänel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
- Biomedical Technology Center of the Medical Faculty , University of Muenster , Muenster , Germany
| | - C Hirschhäuser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
| | - S Knauer
- Faculty of Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany
| | - C Schmuck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , 45141 Essen , Germany .
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7
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Zink M, Hotzel K, Schubert US, Heinze T, Fischer D. Amino Acid–Substituted Dextran‐Based Non‐Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900085. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zink
- Institute of PharmacyFriedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Konrad Hotzel
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 10 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Institute of PharmacyFriedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
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8
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Zhang W, Meng X, Liu H, Xie L, Liu J, Xu H. Ratio of Polycation and Serum Is a Crucial Index for Determining the RNAi Efficiency of Polyplexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43529-43537. [PMID: 29144122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that the mass ratio of the polycation to serum in the medium determines the (RNA interference) RNAi efficiency in vitro by using spermine-modified pullulan (Ps) and spermine-modified dextran (Ds) as polycation models. The high ratio of Ps to serum protein (Ps/Pr) mediated the formation of larger polyplexes, which led to the promoted cellular uptake, enhanced lysosomal escape, and elevated RNAi efficiency. In addition, the supplementary of free Ps also enhanced small interfering RNA transfection because of the elevation of Ps/Pr. Similar results were obtained with Ds. Compared with the adjustment of the nitrogen to phosphate (N/P) ratio in the polyplex, these findings revealed a more applicable strategy to tune the polycation-mediated RNAi efficiency in the serum-containing culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Huike Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100005, P. R. China
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9
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Huang X, Li X, Chen L, Li L. Spermine modified starch-based carrier for gene delivery: Structure-transfection activity relationships. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:690-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Garcia-Mazas C, Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M. Biomaterials to suppress cancer stem cells and disrupt their tumoral niche. Int J Pharm 2016; 523:490-505. [PMID: 27940172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lack of improvement in the treatment options of several types of cancer can largely be attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell signatures and to the tumoral niche that supports and protects these cells. This review analyses the main strategies that specifically modulate or suppress cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the tumoral niche (TN), focusing on the role of biomaterials (i.e. implants, nanomedicines, etc.) in these therapies. In the case of CSCs, we discuss differentiation therapies and the disruption of critical cellular signaling networks. For the TN, we analyze diverse strategies to modulate tumor hypervascularization and hypoxia, tumor extracellular matrix, and the inflammatory and tumor immunosuppressive environment. Due to their capacity to control drug disposition and integrate diverse functionalities, biomaterial-based therapies can provide important benefits in these strategies. We illustrate this by providing case studies where biomaterial-based therapies either show CSC suppression and TN disruption or improved delivery of major modulators of these features. Finally, we discuss the future of these technologies in the framework of these emerging therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garcia-Mazas
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) and Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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11
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Firouzamandi M, Moeini H, Hosseini SD, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Mehrbod P, El Zowalaty ME, Webster TJ, Ideris A. Preparation, characterization, and in ovo vaccination of dextran-spermine nanoparticle DNA vaccine coexpressing the fusion and hemagglutinin genes against Newcastle disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:259-67. [PMID: 26834470 PMCID: PMC4716742 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based vaccines have emerged as effective subunit vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens. In this study, a DNA vaccine, namely plasmid internal ribosome entry site-HN/F, was applied in ovo against Newcastle disease (ND). Vaccination was carried out using the DNA vaccine alone or as a mixture of the pDNA and dextran-spermine (D-SPM), a nanoparticle used for pDNA delivery. The results showed that in ovo vaccination with 40 μg pDNA/egg alone induced high levels of antibody titer (P<0.05) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens at 3 and 4 weeks postvaccination compared to 2 weeks postvaccination. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer was not significantly different between groups injected with 40 μg pDNA + 64 μg D-SPM and 40 μg pDNA at 4 weeks postvaccination (P>0.05). Higher antibody titer was observed in the group immunized with 40 μg pDNA/egg at 4 weeks postvaccination. The findings also showed that vaccination with 40 μg pDNA/egg alone was able to confer protection against Newcastle disease virus strain NDIBS002 in two out of seven SPF chickens. Although the chickens produced antibody titers 3 weeks after in ovo vaccination, it was not sufficient to provide complete protection to the chickens from lethal viral challenge. In addition, vaccination with pDNA/D-SPM complex did not induce high antibody titer when compared with naked pDNA. Therefore, it was concluded that DNA vaccination with plasmid internal ribosome entry site-HN/F can be suitable for in ovo application against ND, whereas D-SPM is not recommended for in ovo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Firouzamandi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Moeini
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Biomedical Research Center, Vice President Office for Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Dehshahri A, Sadeghpour H. Surface decorations of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer by various pendant moieties for improved delivery of nucleic acid materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:85-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Basu A, Kunduru KR, Abtew E, Domb AJ. Polysaccharide-Based Conjugates for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1396-412. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Basu
- Institute
for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835215, India
| | - Konda Reddy Kunduru
- Institute
for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Ester Abtew
- Institute
for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute
for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
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14
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Wang Y, Li J, Chen Y, Oupický D. Balancing polymer hydrophobicity for ligand presentation and siRNA delivery in dual function CXCR4 inhibiting polyplexes. Biomater Sci 2015; 3:1114-23. [PMID: 26146552 PMCID: PMC4486362 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of copolymers (PAMD-Ch) was synthesized by grafting polymeric Plerixafor/AMD3100 (PAMD) with different amounts of cholesterol and the effect of cholesterol modification on siRNA delivery was investigated. PAMD-Ch/siRNA polyplexes exhibited improved colloidal and enzymatic stability when compared with PAMD/siRNA polyplexes containing no cholesterol. PAMD-Ch with low (17 wt%) and medium (25 wt%) cholesterol content exhibited CXCR4 antagonism comparable to unmodified PAMD. Cholesterol modification increased cell uptake of siRNA polyplexes and significantly decreased sensitivity of siRNA transfection to the presence of serum. When used to deliver anticancer siRNA against polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), polyplexes based on PAMD-Ch with 17 wt% cholesterol exhibited the highest cancer cell killing activity both in serum-free and serum-containing conditions. Overall, the results of this study validate cholesterol modified PAMD as dual-function delivery vectors suitable for efficient delivery of anticancer siRNA and simultaneous CXCR4 inhibition for combined anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Nanoparticle-based technologies for retinal gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:353-67. [PMID: 25592325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For patients with hereditary retinal diseases, retinal gene therapy offers significant promise for the prevention of retinal degeneration. While adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based systems remain the most popular gene delivery method due to their high efficiency and successful clinical results, other delivery systems, such as non-viral nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed as additional therapeutic options. NP technologies come in several categories (e.g., polymer, liposomes, peptide compacted DNA), several of which have been tested in mouse models of retinal disease. Here, we discuss the key biochemical features of the different NPs that influence how they are internalized into cells, escape from endosomes, and are delivered into the nucleus. We review the primary mechanism of NP uptake by retinal cells and highlight various NPs that have been successfully used for in vivo gene delivery to the retina and RPE. Finally, we consider the various strategies that can be implemented in the plasmid DNA to generate persistent, high levels of gene expression.
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16
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Ren X, Feng Y, Guo J, Wang H, Li Q, Yang J, Hao X, Lv J, Ma N, Li W. Surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials as potential scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5680-742. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments of surface modification and endothelialization of biomaterials in vascular tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xuefang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Free University of Berlin
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery
- University of Rostock
- D-18057 Rostock
- Germany
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17
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Star-shaped tetraspermine enhances cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of T-oligo in prostate cancer cells. Pharm Res 2014; 32:196-210. [PMID: 25092067 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An oligonucleotide termed 'T-oligo' having sequence homology with telomere overhang has shown cytotoxicity in multiple cancers. We have demonstrated that T-oligo can induce apoptosis in androgen independent prostate cancer cell line DU-145. In this report, we evaluate the use of star-shaped tetraspermine (SSTS) for delivery of T-oligo. METHODS SSTS was synthesized from spermine and its intrinsic cytotoxicity towards DU-145 cells was compared with spermine and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI). Atomistic molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were conducted to understand binding and complexation of spermine and SSTS with T-oligo. Complexation was also determined using gel electrophoresis and SYBR gold assay. Complexes were characterized for size, cellular uptake and antiproliferative effect. RESULTS SSTS exhibited significantly lower toxicity than spermine and bPEI. Its affinity towards T-oligo was significantly higher than spermine as determined by experimental studies and confirmed by MD simulations and it formed stable complexes (TONPs) with T-oligo. TONPs facilitated cellular uptake and nuclear accumulation of T-oligo and their cytotoxic potential was observed at concentration several folds lower than that required for T-oligo alone. CONCLUSION SSTS significantly enhanced therapeutic benefits associated with the use of T-oligo and can be developed as a delivery vehicle for its in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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18
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Huang SJ, Hsu ZR, Wang LF. Synthesis and characterization of pluronic-block-poly(N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) pentablock copolymers for drug/gene co-delivery systems. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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The effect of serum in culture on RNAi efficacy through modulation of polyplexes size. Biomaterials 2014; 35:567-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Wang L, Li L, Sun Y, Tian Y, Li Y, Li C, Junyaprasert VB, Mao S. Exploration of hydrophobic modification degree of chitosan-based nanocomplexes on the oral delivery of enoxaparin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:263-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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22
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Walcarius A, Minteer SD, Wang J, Lin Y, Merkoçi A. Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4878-4908. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Polysaccharide gene transfection agents. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4224-32. [PMID: 23022542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery is a promising technique that involves in vitro or in vivo introduction of exogenous genes into cells for experimental and therapeutic purposes. Successful gene delivery depends on the development of effective and safe delivery vectors. Two main delivery systems, viral and non-viral gene carriers, are currently deployed for gene therapy. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on viral approaches, non-viral gene medicines have also emerged as potentially safe and effective for the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Non-viral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene associated with the synthetic gene delivery vector. Polysaccharides compile a large family of heterogenic sequences of monomers with various applications and several advantages as gene delivery agents. This chapter, compiles the recent progress in polysaccharide based gene delivery, it also provides an overview and recent developments of polysaccharide employed for in vitro and in vivo delivery of therapeutically important nucleotides, e.g. plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
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24
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Abedini F, Hosseinkhani H, Ismail M, Domb AJ, Omar AR, Chong PP, Hong PD, Yu DS, Farber IY. Cationized dextran nanoparticle-encapsulated CXCR4-siRNA enhanced correlation between CXCR4 expression and serum alkaline phosphatase in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4159-68. [PMID: 22888250 PMCID: PMC3415322 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The failure of colorectal cancer treatments is partly due to overexpression of CXCR4 by tumor cells, which plays a critical role in cell metastasis. Moreover, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are frequently elevated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A polysaccharide, dextran, was chosen as the vector of siRNA. Spermine was conjugated to oxidized dextran by reductive amination process to obtain cationized dextran, so-called dextran-spermine, in order to prepare CXCR4-siRNAs/dextran-spermine nanoparticles. The fabricated nanoparticles were used in order to investigate whether downregulation of CXCR4 expression could affect serum ALP in mouse models of colorectal cancer. Methods: Colorectal cancer was established in BALB/C mice following injection of mouse colon carcinoma cells CT.26WT through the tail vein. CXCR4 siRNA for two sites of the target gene was administered following injection of naked siRNA or siRNA encapsulated into nanoparticles. Results: In vivo animal data revealed that CXCR4 silencing by dextran-spermine nanoparticles significantly downregulated CXCR4 expression compared with naked CXCR4 siRNA. Furthermore, there was correlation between CXCR4 expression and serum ALP. Conclusion: CXCR4 siRNA/dextran-spermine nanoparticles appear to be highly effective, and may be suitable for further in vivo applications. Further research evaluation will be needed to determine the effect of CXCR4 silencing on serum ALP levels, which may be a useful marker to predict liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abedini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Luu QP, Shin JY, Kim YK, Islam MA, Kang SK, Cho MH, Choi YJ, Cho CS. High gene transfer by the osmotic polysorbitol-mediated transporter through the selective caveolae endocytic pathway. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2206-18. [PMID: 22708896 DOI: 10.1021/mp300072r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been the subject of intense research as nonviral gene delivery systems due to several advantages in comparison with viral vectors. However, the nonsimultaneous combination of high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity of nonviral vectors for gene delivery has long been an issue for scientists looking into ways to deliver genes into cells. Toward this goal, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a safe and accelerated gene transfer system through polysorbitol-mediated transporter (PSMT) based on sorbitol diacrylate (SDA) and low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW PEI). The PSMT formed stable complexes with plasmid DNA in serum. The nano sizes and spherical shapes of PSMT/DNA complexes are not toxic, even at a high concentration of PSMT. The higher transfection efficiency of PSMT compared to PEI 25K was observed both in vitro, despite the existence of many hydroxyl groups, and in vivo. These improvements presumably stem from the osmotic property of polysorbitol and endosomal buffer capacity of PEI in PSMT. Most importantly, we confirmed that the selective cavaeolae endocytic pathway played a role in high transfection efficiency by osmotic PSMT-mediated gene delivery. We propose that PSMT is a promising nonviral carrier for the effective gene delivery to cancer cells via synergistic effects derived from rapid cellular uptake through the caveolae endocytic pathway and a high endosomal buffering capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh-Phuong Luu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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26
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Li WB, Yuan W, Xu FJ, Zhao C, Ma J, Zhan QM. Functional study of dextran-graft-poly((2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate) gene delivery vector for tumor therapy. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:125-35. [PMID: 22628165 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212440345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The obstacle of gene therapy is the shortage of efficient delivery system. The development of the gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity appears to be crucial. Recently, we reported that the dextran-graft-poly((2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate) (DPD) can be potentially used as efficient gene vector. Herein, DPD was systematically studied for its potential in tumor gene therapy. DPD was synthesized and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis, particle size and zeta potential. The particle size and zeta potential of the DPD/enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-C1) plasmid complexes at various N/P ratios were 130-150 nm and about 40 mV, respectively. The results showed that DPD exhibit a higher transfection effect compared with Lipofectamine 2K (Lipo 2K), a commercialized vector. The possibility of DPD in gene therapy was evaluated using p53, a gene that has been wildly applied in the research of cancer gene therapy. DPD/pEGFP-C1-p53 complex was found to be able to inhibit tumor cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the tumor growth was found to be restrained when DPD/pEGFP-C1-p53 complex was used in a xenograft MCF7 tumor model in vivo. These observations indicated that DPD/pEGFP-C1-p53 complex may be considered to be an efficient delivery system for tumor gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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27
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Jo JI, Ikai T, Okazaki A, Nagane K, Yamamoto M, Hirano Y, Tabata Y. Expression profile of plasmid DNA obtained using spermine derivatives of pullulan with different molecular weights. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 18:883-99. [PMID: 17688746 DOI: 10.1163/156856207781367756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare a novel gene carrier from pullulan, a polysaccharide with an inherent affinity for the liver, and evaluate the feasibility in gene transfection. Pullulan with different molecular weights was cationized by chemical introduction of spermine. The cationized pullulan derivative was complexed with a plasmid DNA and applied to HepG2 cells for in vitro gene transfection. The level of gene expression depended on the molecular weight of cationized pullulan derivatives and the highest level was observed for the cationized pullulan derivative with a molecular weight of 47.3 x 10(3). Pre-treatment of cells with asialofetuin decreased the level of gene expression by the complexes. These findings indicate that the cationized pullulan derivative is a promising non-viral carrier of plasmid DNA which is internalized in a receptor-mediated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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28
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Sarker SR, Arai S, Murate M, Takahashi H, Takata M, Kobayashi T, Takeoka S. Evaluation of the influence of ionization states and spacers in the thermotropic phase behaviour of amino acid-based cationic lipids and the transfection efficiency of their assemblies. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:364-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Zhou J, Liu J, Cheng CJ, Patel TR, Weller CE, Piepmeier JM, Jiang Z, Saltzman WM. Biodegradable poly(amine-co-ester) terpolymers for targeted gene delivery. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 11:82-90. [PMID: 22138789 PMCID: PMC4180913 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many synthetic polycationic vectors for non-viral gene delivery show high efficiency in vitro, but their usually excessive charge density makes them toxic for in vivo applications. Here we describe the synthesis of a series of high molecular weight terpolymers with low charge density, and show that they exhibit efficient gene delivery, some surpassing the efficiency of the commercial transfection reagents Polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine 2000. The terpolymers were synthesized via enzyme-catalyzed copolymerization of lactone with dialkyl diester and amino diol, and their hydrophobicity adjusted by varying the lactone content and by selecting a lactone comonomer of specific ring size. Targeted delivery of the pro-apoptotic TRAIL gene to tumour xenografts by one of the terpolymers results in significant inhibition of tumour growth, with minimal toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that the gene delivery ability of the terpolymers stems from their high molecular weight and increased hydrophobicity, which compensates for their low charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Christopher J. Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Toral R. Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Caroline E. Weller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Joseph M. Piepmeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.J. or W.M.S., ;
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.J. or W.M.S., ;
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30
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Sunshine JC, Akanda MI, Li D, Kozielski KL, Green JJ. Effects of Base Polymer Hydrophobicity and End-Group Modification on Polymeric Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3592-600. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200807s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel C. Sunshine
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,
United States
| | - Marib I. Akanda
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,
United States
| | - David Li
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,
United States
| | - Kristen L. Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,
United States
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,
United States
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31
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Abedini F, Ismail M, Hosseinkhani H, Ibrahim TAT, Omar AR, Chong PP, Bejo MH, Domb AJ. Effects of CXCR4 siRNA/dextran-spermine nanoparticles on CXCR4 expression and serum LDH levels in a mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Cancer Manag Res 2011; 3:301-9. [PMID: 21931504 PMCID: PMC3173020 DOI: 10.2147/cmr.s11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main cause of mortality related to colorectal cancer. CXCR4 is necessary for the outgrowth of colon cancer micrometastases. In oncology, it has been demonstrated that several human tumors release lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the circulation. CXCR4 gene expression and serum LDH levels are often increased in patients with colorectal cancer. Despite technological advances in cancer therapy, five-year overall survival is still around 50%. Therefore, better treatment needs to be developed. RNA interference (RNAi) is a modern and powerful tool for inhibition of gene expression. However, the rate-limiting step in this technology is effective delivery of RNAi agents. We have investigated a novel strategy of CXCR4 siRNA therapy and its effect on serum LDH levels in a BALB/C mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver. Hepatic metastasis was established by injecting a CT26.WT mouse colon carcinoma cell line via the tail vein. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 siRNA/ dextran-spermine nanoparticles achieved high silencing efficiency with low toxicity. Favorable localization of the nanoparticles was confirmed with CXCR4 gene expression in the liver, that was correlated with serum LDH levels. More research will be needed to determine the effect of CXCR4 silencing on serum LDH levels, which may be a useful marker for predicting liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abedini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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32
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Yudovin-Farber I, Eliyahu H, Domb AJ. Synthesis of cationic polysaccharides and use for in vitro transfection. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2011; 2011:pdb.prot5553. [PMID: 21205853 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycations are effective nonviral carriers for gene delivery systems. These carriers vary in molecular weight, polymer structure, polymer:DNA ratio, molecular architecture, and the ability to introduce target-specific moieties. Polycations are capable of complexing various plasmids and transfecting them into different cells to produce a high yield of a desired protein. Cationic polysaccharides are attractive candidates for gene delivery. They are natural or semi-natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials that can be modified for improved physicochemical properties. Cationic polysaccharides are synthesized by conjugation of various oligoamines to oxidized polysaccharides via reductive amination. These conjugates have been rigorously tested for gene delivery in cultured cells and in animals. From more than 300 polysaccharide-oligoamine derivatives tested, only dextran-spermine (D-SPM) was found to be highly effective in gene transfection, both in vitro and in vivo. This protocol describes the synthesis of cationic polysaccharides and their use for DNA transfection in vitro.
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33
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Jiang HL, Lim HT, Kim YK, Arote R, Shin JY, Kwon JT, Kim JE, Kim JH, Kim D, Chae C, Nah JW, Choi YJ, Cho CS, Cho MH. Chitosan-graft-spermine as a gene carrier in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 77:36-42. [PMID: 20932903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan has been proposed as a non-viral gene carrier because of its biodegradable and biocompatible cationic polymeric properties. However, the transfection efficiency of chitosan-DNA complexes is still too low for clinical trials. To improve transfection efficiency, we prepared a chitosan-graft-spermine (CHI-g-SPE) copolymer by an imine reaction between periodate-oxidized chitosan and spermine. The CHI-g-SPE copolymer was complexed with plasmid DNA in various copolymer-DNA weight ratios, and the complexes were characterized. The CHI-g-SPE copolymer showed good DNA binding ability and high protection of DNA from nuclease attack. The CHI-g-SPE/DNA complexes had well-formed spherical shapes and a nanoscale size with homogenous size distribution. The CHI-g-SPE copolymer had low cytotoxicity and CHI-g-SPE/DNA complexes showed transfection efficiency that was enhanced over that of chitosan-DNA. Furthermore, aerosol delivery of CHI-g-SPE/GFP complexes showed higher GFP expression compared with chitosan/GFP complexes, without toxicity. Our results indicate that the CHI-g-SPE copolymer has potential as a gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Lin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Gene transfer into the lung by nanoparticle dextran-spermine/plasmid DNA complexes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:284840. [PMID: 20617146 PMCID: PMC2896664 DOI: 10.1155/2010/284840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cationic polymer, dextran-spermine (D-SPM), has been found to mediate gene expression in a wide variety of cell lines and in vivo through systemic delivery. Here, we extended the observations by determining the optimal conditions for gene expression of D-SPM/plasmid DNA (D-SPM/pDNA) in cell lines and in the lungs of BALB/c mice via instillation delivery. In vitro studies showed that D-SPM could partially protect pDNA from degradation by nuclease and exhibited optimal gene transfer efficiency at D-SPM to pDNA weight-mixing ratio of 12. In the lungs of mice, the levels of gene expression generated by D-SPM/pDNA are highly dependent on the weight-mixing ratio of D-SPM to pDNA, amount of pDNA in the complex, and the assay time postdelivery. Readministration of the complex at day 1 following the first dosing showed no significant effect on the retention and duration of gene expression. The study also showed that there was a clear trend of increasing size of the complexes as the amount of pDNA was increased, where the sizes of the D-SPM/pDNA complexes were within the nanometer range.
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Sjoholm KH, Cooney M, Minteer SD. Effects of degree of deacetylation on enzyme immobilization in hydrophobically modified chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Polyak B, Friedman G. Magnetic targeting for site-specific drug delivery: applications and clinical potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:53-70. [PMID: 19236208 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802662795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic vehicles are very attractive for delivery of therapeutic agents as they can be targeted to specific locations in the body through the application of a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic localization of a therapeutic agent results in the concentration of the therapy at the target site consequently reducing or eliminating the systemic drug side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide an update on the progress made in the development of the magnetic targeting technique addressing characteristics of the magnetic carriers and limitations of the current targeting magnet systems. METHODS This review discusses fundamental requirements for the optimal formulation of the magnetic carrier, current applications and potentially new approaches for the magnetically mediated, site-specific localization of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes and cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSION More efficient targeting magnetic systems in combination with prolonged circulation lifespan and carriers' surface recognition properties will improve the targeting efficiency of magnetic nanocarriers and enhance therapeutic agent availability at the molecular site of agent action. The main future magnetic targeting applications were categorized emphasizing the most promising directions and possible strategies for improving the magnetic targeting technique.
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Convertine AJ, Benoit DSW, Duvall CL, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Development of a novel endosomolytic diblock copolymer for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2009; 133:221-9. [PMID: 18973780 PMCID: PMC3110267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gene knockdown activity of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has led to their use as target validation tools and as potential therapeutics for a variety of diseases. The delivery of these double-stranded RNA macromolecules has proven to be challenging, however, and in many cases, is a barrier to their deployment. Here we report the development of a new diblock copolymer family that was designed to enhance the systemic and intracellular delivery of siRNA. These diblock copolymers were synthesized using the controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) method and are composed of a positively-charged block of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) to mediate siRNA condensation, and a second endosomal-releasing block composed of DMAEMA and propylacrylic acid (PAA) in roughly equimolar ratios, together with butyl methacylate (BMA). A related series of diblock compositions were characterized, with the cationic block kept constant, and with the ratio of DMAEMA and PAA to BMA varied. These carriers became sharply hemolytic at endosomal pH regimes, with increasing hemolytic activity seen as the percentage of BMA in the second block was systematically increased. The diblock copolymers condensed siRNA into 80-250 nm particles with slightly positive Zeta potentials. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of a model protein, namely glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), in HeLa cells generally followed the hemolytic activity trends, with the most hydrophobic second block (highest BMA content) exhibiting the best knockdown. This pH-responsive carrier designed to mediate endosomal release shows significant promise for the intracellular delivery of siRNA.
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Wolf SM, Gupta R, Kohlhepp P. Gene therapy oversight: lessons for nanobiotechnology. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2009; 37:659-684. [PMID: 20122108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oversight of human gene transfer research ("gene therapy") presents an important model with potential application to oversight of nanobiology research on human participants. Gene therapy oversight adds centralized federal review at the National Institutes of Health's Office of Biotechnology Activities and its Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee to standard oversight of human subjects research at the researcher's institution (by the Institutional Review Board and, for some research, the Institutional Biosafety Committee) and at the federal level by the Office for Human Research Protections. The Food and Drug Administration's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research oversees human gene transfer research in parallel, including approval of protocols and regulation of products. This article traces the evolution of this dual oversight system; describes how the system is already addressing nanobiotechnology in gene transfer: evaluates gene therapy oversight based on public opinion, the literature, and preliminary expert elicitation; and offers lessons of the gene therapy oversight experience for oversight of nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wolf
- Faculty Member in Center for Bioethics at University of Minnesota, USA
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San Juan A, Hlawaty H, Chaubet F, Letourneur D, Feldman LJ. Cationized pullulan 3D matrices as new materials for gene transfer. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:354-62. [PMID: 17295225 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the development of a novel biocompatible cationized pullulan three-dimensional matrix for gene delivery. A water-soluble cationic polysaccharide, diethylaminoethyl-pullulan (DEAE-pullulan), was first synthesized and characterized. Fluorescence quenching and gel retardation assays evidenced the complexation in solution of DNA with DEAE-pullulan, but not with neutral pullulan. On cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) incubated with DEAE-pullulan and a plasmid vector expressing a secreted form of alkaline phosphatase (pSEAP), SEAP activity was 150-fold higher than with pSEAP alone or pSEAP with neutral pullulan. DEAE-pullulan was then chemically crosslinked using phosphorus oxychloride. The resulting matrices were obtained in less than a minute and molded as discs of 12 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Such DEAE-pullulan 3D matrices were loaded with up to 50 microg of plasmid DNA, with a homogeneous plasmid loading observed with YOYO-1 fluorescence staining. Moreover, the DEAE-pullulan matrix was shown to protect pSEAP from DNase I degradation. Incubation of cultured SMCs with pSEAP-loaded DEAE-pullulan matrices resulted in significant gene transfer without cell toxicity. This study suggests that these cationized pullulan 3D matrices could be useful biomaterials for local gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie San Juan
- Inserm, U698, Bio-ingénierie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris 7, Paris F-75018, Université Paris 13, Villetaneuse F-93430, France
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Yudovin-Farber I, Domb A. Cationic polysaccharides for gene delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pathak A, Aggarwal A, Kurupati RK, Patnaik S, Swami A, Singh Y, Kumar P, Vyas SP, Gupta KC. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Engineered Polyallylamine Nanoparticles for Efficient In Vitro Transfection. Pharm Res 2007; 24:1427-40. [PMID: 17385017 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cationic polymers (i.e. polyallylamine, poly-L-lysine) having primary amino groups are poor transfection agents and possess high cytotoxicity index when used without any chemical modification and usually entail specific receptor mediated endocytosis or lysosomotropic agents to execute efficient gene delivery. In this report, primary amino groups of polyallylamine (PAA, 17 kDa) were substituted with imidazolyl functions, which are presumed to enhance endosomal release, and thus enhance its gene delivery efficiency and eliminate the requirement of external lysosomotropic agents. Further, systems were cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to prepare PAA-IAA-PEG (PIP) nanoparticles and evaluated them in various model cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of PIP nanoparticles in delivering a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was assessed in COS-1, N2a and HEK293 cell lines, while their cytotoxicity was investigated in COS-1 and HEK293 cell lines. The PAA was chemically modified using imidazolyl moieties and ionically cross-linked with PEG to engineer nanoparticles. The extent of substitution was determined by ninhydrin method. The PIP nanoparticles were further characterized by measuring the particle size (dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy), surface charge (zeta potential), DNA accessibility and buffering capacity. The cytotoxicity was examined using the MTT method. RESULTS In vitro transfection efficiency of synthesized nanoparticles is increased up to several folds compared to native polymer even in the presence of serum, while maintaining the cell viability over 100% in COS-1 cells. Nanoparticles possess positive zeta potential between 5.6-13 mV and size range of 185-230 nm in water. The accessibility experiment demonstrated that nanoparticles with higher degree of imidazolyl substitution formed relatively loose complexes with DNA. An acid-base titration showed enhanced buffering capacity of modified PAA. CONCLUSIONS The PIP nanoparticles reveal tremendous potential as novel delivery system for achieving improved transfection efficiency, while keeping the cells at ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pathak
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Lv H, Zhang S, Wang B, Cui S, Yan J. Toxicity of cationic lipids and cationic polymers in gene delivery. J Control Release 2006; 114:100-9. [PMID: 16831482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1602] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, as a promising therapeutics to treat genetic or acquired diseases, has achieved exciting development in the past two decades. Appropriate gene vectors can be crucial for gene transfer. Cationic lipids and polymers, the most important non-viral vectors, have many advantages over viral ones as non-immunogenic, easy to produce and not oncogenic. They hold the promise to replace viral vectors to be used in clinic. However, the toxicity is still an obstacle to the application of non-viral vectors to gene therapy. For overcoming the problem, many new cationic compounds have been developed. This article provides a review with respect to toxicity of cationic lipids and polymers in gene delivery. We evaluate the structural features of cationic compounds and summarize the relationship of toxicity and structure and hope to provide available suggestions on the development of these cationic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lv
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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Srinivasan C, Lee J, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Silbart LK, Zhao M, Burgess DJ. Labeling and intracellular tracking of functionally active plasmid DNA with semiconductor quantum dots. Mol Ther 2006; 14:192-201. [PMID: 16698322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) allow long-term imaging in the cellular environment with high photostability. QD biolabeling techniques have previously been developed for tagging proteins and peptides as well as oligonucleotides. In this contribution, QD-decorated plasmid DNA was utilized for the first time for long-term intracellular and intranuclear tracking studies. Conjugation of plasmid DNA with phospholipid-coated QDs was accomplished using a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridylthio) propionate linker. Gel electrophoresis and confocal and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm the structure of QD-DNA conjugates. AFM imaging also revealed that multiple QDs were attached in a cluster at the PNA-reactive site of the plasmid DNA. These QD-DNA conjugates were capable of expressing the reporter protein, enhanced green fluorescent protein, following transfection in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells with an efficiency of ca. 62%, which was comparable to the control (unconjugated) plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charudharshini Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, 06269, USA
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