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Jahangiri S, Rahimnejad M, Nasrollahi Boroujeni N, Ahmadi Z, Motamed Fath P, Ahmadi S, Safarkhani M, Rabiee N. Viral and non-viral gene therapy using 3D (bio)printing. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3458. [PMID: 36279107 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall success in launching discovered drugs is tightly restricted to the high rate of late-stage failures, which ultimately inhibits the distribution of medicines in markets. As a result, it is imperative that methods reliably predict the effectiveness and, more critically, the toxicity of medicine early in the drug development process before clinical trials be continuously innovated. We must stay up to date with the fast appearance of new infections and diseases by rapidly developing the requisite vaccinations and medicines. Modern in vitro models of disease may be used as an alternative to traditional disease models, and advanced technology can be used for the creation of pharmaceuticals as well as cells, drugs, and gene delivery systems to expedite the drug discovery procedure. Furthermore, in vitro models that mimic the spatial and chemical characteristics of native tissues, such as a 3D bioprinting system or other technologies, have proven to be more effective for drug screening than traditional 2D models. Viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors are a hopeful tool for combinatorial gene therapy, suggesting a quick way of simultaneously deliver multiple genes. A 3D bioprinting system embraces an excellent potential for gene delivery into the different cells or tissues for different diseases, in tissue engineering and regeneration medicine, in which the precise nucleic acid is located in the 3D printed tissues and scaffolds. Non-viral nanocarriers, in combination with 3D printed scaffolds, are applied to their delivery of genes and controlled release properties. There remains, however, a big obstacle in reaching the full potential of 3D models because of a lack of in vitro manufacturing of live tissues. Bioprinting advancements have made it possible to create biomimetic constructions that may be used in various drug discovery research applications. 3D bioprinting also benefits vaccinations, medicines, and relevant delivery methods because of its flexibility and adaptability. This review discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting technologies for pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Jahangiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Narges Nasrollahi Boroujeni
- Bioprocess Engineering Research Group, Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Ahmadi
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Puria Motamed Fath
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Safarkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shiri P, Ramezanpour S, Amani AM, Dehaen W. A patent review on efficient strategies for the total synthesis of pazopanib, regorafenib and lenvatinib as novel anti-angiogenesis receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2981-3002. [PMID: 35235141 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important and interesting scientific subject in the area of malignant tumours. Current research importance and interest are directed in connection to blood microvessels in cancer cell proliferation, tumour growth, and metastasis. Tyrosine kinases have been intensely implicated as therapeutic targets that affect the angiogenic process in tumour growth. In the last decades, targeting angiogenesis has led to achievements in the therapy of different carcinomas by different mechanisms, such as the utilization of anti-angiogenic small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In the current review, we aim to track the advancements in the total synthesis of three receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (pazopanib, regorafenib and lenvatinib). This review surveys different synthetic routes for these three approved drugs (pazopanib, regorafenib and lenvatinib) which were previously published as patents (2014-2021). The purity of medicines is a very important factor during manufacturing so we have decided to review the purification process of these anticancer medicines as well. It should be noted that the different patents may have reported some procedures with different yields and purities for the synthesis of desired drug and their intermediates. In order to simplify the understanding of the contents of this review article, only the best results reported in each of these patents are reported for the synthesis of desired drug and their intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Shiri
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sorour Ramezanpour
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Layer-by-layer deposition of cells, tissues and similar molecules provided by additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D bioprinting offers safe, biocompatible, effective and inert methods for the production of biological structures and biomimetic scaffolds. 3D bioprinting assisted through computer programmes and software develops mutli-modal nano- or micro-particulate systems such as biosensors, dosage forms or delivery systems and other biological scaffolds like pharmaceutical implants, prosthetics, etc. This review article focuses on the implementation of 3D bioprinting techniques in the gene expression, in gene editing or therapy and in delivery of genes. The applications of 3D printing are extensive and include gene therapy, modulation and expression in cancers, tissue engineering, osteogenesis, skin and vascular regeneration. Inclusion of nanotechnology with genomic bioprinting parameters such as gene conjugated or gene encapsulated 3D printed nanostructures may offer new avenues in the future for efficient and controlled treatment and help in overcoming the limitations faced in conventional methods. Moreover, expansion of the benefits from such techniques is advantageous in real-time delivery or in-situ production of nucleic acids into the host cells.
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Hao D, Swindell HS, Ramasubramanian L, Liu R, Lam KS, Farmer DL, Wang A. Extracellular Matrix Mimicking Nanofibrous Scaffolds Modified With Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Improved Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:633. [PMID: 32671037 PMCID: PMC7329993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The network structure and biological components of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are indispensable for promoting tissue regeneration. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been widely used in regenerative medicine to provide structural support for cell growth and tissue regeneration due to their natural ECM mimicking architecture, however, they lack biological functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent vehicles of intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer RNAs, proteins, and lipids, thereby mediating significant biological functions in different biological systems. Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are identified as an integral and functional component of ECM bioscaffolds mediating significant regenerative functions. Therefore, to engineer EVs modified electrospun scaffolds, mimicking the structure of the natural EV-ECM complex and the physiological interactions between the ECM and EVs, will be attractive and promising in tissue regeneration. Previously, using one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, we identified LLP2A, an integrin α4β1 ligand, which had a strong binding to human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). In this study, we isolated PMSCs derived EVs (PMSC-EVs) and demonstrated they expressed integrin α4β1 and could improve endothelial cell (EC) migration and vascular sprouting in an ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. LLP2A treated culture surface significantly improved PMSC-EV attachment, and the PMSC-EV treated culture surface significantly enhanced the expression of angiogenic genes and suppressed apoptotic activity. We then developed an approach to enable "Click chemistry" to immobilize LLP2A onto the surface of electrospun scaffolds as a linker to immobilize PMSC-EVs onto the scaffold. The PMSC-EV modified electrospun scaffolds significantly promoted EC survival and angiogenic gene expression, such as KDR and TIE2, and suppressed the expression of apoptotic markers, such as caspase 9 and caspase 3. Thus, PMSC-EVs hold promising potential to functionalize biomaterial constructs and improve the vascularization and regenerative potential. The EVs modified biomaterial scaffolds can be widely used for different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hila Shimshi Swindell
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Dickkopf 2-Expressing Adenovirus Increases the Survival of Random-Pattern Flaps and Promotes Vasculogenesis in a Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 84:588-594. [PMID: 31800554 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) has important roles in vertebrate development; it inhibits Wnt signaling-related processes, such as axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis, and eye formation. However, DKK2 also acts as a Wnt signaling agonist. Dickkopf 2, induced during endothelial cell morphogenesis, promotes angiogenesis in cultured human endothelial cells. In this study, we explored the effect of DKK2-expressing adenovirus on random-pattern flaps using a rodent model. METHODS A DKK2-expressing (dE1-RGD/DKK2) adenovirus was generated and 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: a DKK2 group and a control group. Each group was intradermally injected with 1 × 10 plaque-forming units of DKK2-expressing adenovirus (DKK2 group) or control virus (control group) 48 hours before and immediately before surgery. Then, random-pattern dorsal cutaneous flaps of 3 × 9 cm were elevated. Flap survival rates and cutaneous blood flow were measured over time, and immunohistochemical staining was performed 10 days after surgery to detect CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the expression of DKK2 in the DKK2 group. The flap survival rate was higher in the DKK2 group (80.0 ± 4.49%) than in the control group (57.5 ± 4.21%; P < 0.05). Blood flow to the most distal compartment was higher in the DKK2 group than the control group during the early postoperative period. Although vascular density was greater in the DKK2 group, there was no difference in the VEGF concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that the DKK2-expressing adenovirus increases the survival of the random-pattern cutaneous flap independently of VEGF. The administration of the DKK2-expressing adenovirus into elevated skin flaps increased the number of capillaries and blood flow, thereby improving skin flap survival.
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Li YS, Liu Q, Tian J, He HB, Luo W. Angiogenesis Process in Osteosarcoma: An Updated Perspective of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sarkar B, Nguyen PK, Gao W, Dondapati A, Siddiqui Z, Kumar VA. Angiogenic Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffolds for Functional Tissue Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3597-3611. [PMID: 30132656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of acellular biomimetic scaffolds with proangiogenic motifs may have exciting clinical utility for the treatment of ischemic pathologies such as myocardial infarction. Although direct delivery of angiogenic proteins is a possible treatment option, smaller synthetic peptide-based nanostructured alternatives are being investigated due to favorable factors, such as sustained efficacy and high-density epitope presentation of functional moieties. These peptides may be implanted in vivo at the site of ischemia, bypassing the first-pass metabolism and enabling long-term retention and sustained efficacy. Mimics of angiogenic proteins show tremendous potential for clinical use. We discuss possible approaches to integrate the functionality of such angiogenic peptide mimics into self-assembled peptide scaffolds for application in functional tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek A Kumar
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine , Newark , New Jersey 07101 , United States
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Hedhli J, Konopka CJ, Schuh S, Bouvin H, Cole JA, Huntsman HD, Kilian KA, Dobrucki IT, Boppart MD, Dobrucki LW. Multimodal Assessment of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetic Vascular Complications. Theranostics 2017; 7:3876-3888. [PMID: 29109784 PMCID: PMC5667411 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that leads to thousands of injuries, amputations, and deaths each year. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a regenerative therapy holds the promise of regrowing injured vasculature, helping DM patients live healthier and longer lives. We report the use of muscle-derived MSCs to treat surgically-induced hindlimb ischemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes (DM-1). We serially evaluate several facets of the recovery process, including αVβ3-integrin expression (a marker of angiogenesis), blood perfusion, and muscle function. We also perform microarray transcriptomics experiments to characterize the gene expression states of the MSC-treated is- chemic tissues, and compare the results with those of non-ischemic tissues, as well as ischemic tissues from a saline-treated control group. The results show a multifaceted impact of mMSCs on hindlimb ischemia. We determined that the angiogenic activity one week after mMSC treatment was enhanced by approximately 80% relative to the saline group, which resulted in relative increases in blood perfusion and muscle strength of approximately 42% and 1.7-fold, respectively. At the transcriptomics level, we found that several classes of genes were affected by mMSC treatment. The mMSCs appeared to enhance both pro-angiogenic and metabolic genes, while suppressing anti-angiogenic genes and certain genes involved in the inflammatory response. All told, mMSC treatment appears to exert far-reaching effects on the microenvironment of ischemic tissue, enabling faster and more complete recovery from vascular occlusion.
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Heun Y, Pogoda K, Anton M, Pircher J, Pfeifer A, Woernle M, Ribeiro A, Kameritsch P, Mykhaylyk O, Plank C, Kroetz F, Pohl U, Mannell H. HIF-1α Dependent Wound Healing Angiogenesis In Vivo Can Be Controlled by Site-Specific Lentiviral Magnetic Targeting of SHP-2. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1616-1627. [PMID: 28434868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes vascularization by stabilization and activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which constitutes a target for angiogenic gene therapy. However, gene therapy is hampered by low gene delivery efficiency and non-specific side effects. Here, we developed a gene transfer technique based on magnetic targeting of magnetic nanoparticle-lentivirus (MNP-LV) complexes allowing site-directed gene delivery to individual wounds in the dorsal skin of mice. Using this technique, we were able to control HIF-1α dependent wound healing angiogenesis in vivo via site-specific modulation of the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SHP-2. We thus uncover a novel physiological role of SHP-2 in protecting HIF-1α from proteasomal degradation via a Src kinase dependent mechanism, resulting in HIF-1α DNA-binding and transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. Excitingly, using targeting of MNP-LV complexes, we achieved simultaneous expression of constitutively active as well as inactive SHP-2 mutant proteins in separate wounds in vivo and hereby specifically and locally controlled HIF-1α activity as well as the angiogenic wound healing response in vivo. Therefore, magnetically targeted lentiviral induced modulation of SHP-2 activity may be an attractive approach for controlling patho-physiological conditions relying on hypoxic vessel growth at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonn Heun
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Woernle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Florian Kroetz
- Interventional Cardiology, Starnberg Community Hospital, Osswaldstrasse 1, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Mthembu NN, Mbita Z, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their role in HIV-related cancers. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2017; 9:77-93. [PMID: 28694706 PMCID: PMC5490432 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of mRNA leads to an increase in proteome biodiversity by allowing the generation of multiple mRNAs, coding for multiple protein isoforms of various structural and functional properties from a single primary pre-mRNA transcript. The protein isoforms produced are tightly regulated in normal development but are mostly deregulated in various cancers. In HIV-infected individuals with AIDS, there is an increase in aberrant alternative splicing, resulting in an increase in HIV/AIDS-related cancers, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and cervical cancer. This aberrant splicing leads to abnormal production of protein and is caused by mutations in cis-acting elements or trans-acting factors in angiogenesis-related genes. Restoring the normal regulation of alternative splicing of angiogenic genes would alter the expression of protein isoforms and may confer normal cell physiology in patients with these cancers. This review highlights the abnormalities in alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes and their implication in HIV/AIDS-related cancers. This allows us to gain an insight into the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS-related cancer and in turn elucidate the therapeutic potential of alternatively spliced genes in HIV/AIDS-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- Research, Innovation and Engagements, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- Research, Innovation and Engagements, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban
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Park JY, Jung HJ, Seo I, Jha BK, Suh SI, Suh MH, Baek WK. Translational suppression of HIF-1α by miconazole through the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:269-79. [PMID: 25070654 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that has amply been used in the treatment of superficial mycosis. Preliminary data indicate that miconazole may also induce anticancer effects. As yet, however, little is known about the therapeutic efficacy of miconazole on cancer and the putative mechanism(s) involved. Here, we show that miconazole suppresses hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein translation in different cancer-derived cells. METHODS The effect of miconazole on HIF-1α expression was examined by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays in human U87MG and MCF-7 glioma and breast cancer-derived cell lines, respectively. The transcriptional activity of the HIF-1 complex was confirmed using a luciferase assay. To assess whether angiogenic factors are increased under hypoxic conditions in these cells, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured by ELISA. Metabolic labeling was performed to examine HIF-1α protein translation and global protein synthesis. The role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was examined to determine translation regulation of HIF-1α after miconazole treatment. RESULTS Miconazole was found to suppress HIF-1α protein expression through post-transcriptional regulation in U87MG and MCF-7 cells. The suppressive effect of HIF-1α protein synthesis was found to be due to inhibition of mTOR. Miconazole significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of the HIF-1 complex and the expression of its target VEGF. Moreover, miconazole was found to suppress global protein synthesis by inducing phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that miconazole plays a role in translational suppression of HIF-1α. We suggest that miconazole may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Young Park
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Republic of Korea
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Li XP, Zhang HL, Wang HJ, Li YX, Li M, Lu L, Wan Y, Zhou BL, Liu Y, Pan Y, Wu XZ, Fan YZ, Yu CH, Wei YQ, Shi HS. Ad-endostatin treatment combined with low-dose irradiation in a murine lung cancer model. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:650-8. [PMID: 24927253 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a conventional strategy for treating advanced lung cancer yet is accompanied by serious side-effects. Its combination with other strategies, such as antiangiogenesis and gene therapy, has shown excellent prospects. As one of the potent endogenous vascular inhibitors, endostatin has been widely used in the antiangiogenic gene therapy of tumors. In the present study, LL/2 cells were infected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding endostatin (Ad-endostatin) to express endostatin. The results showed that LL/2 cells infected with the Ad-endostatin efficiently and longlastingly expressed endostatin. In order to further explore the role of Ad-endostatin combined with irradiation in the treatment of cancer, a murine lung cancer model was established and treated with Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation. The results showed that the combination treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, this significant antitumor activity was associated with lower levels of microvessel density and anoxia factors in the Ad-Endo combined with irradiation group, and with an increased apoptotic index of tumor cells. In addition, no serious side-effects were noted in the combination group. Based on our findings, Ad-endostatin combined with low-dose irradiation may be a rational alternative treatment for lung cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Zi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Heng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Shan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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13
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Interactions of PPAR-alpha and adenosine receptors in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 59:144-51. [PMID: 24050945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and adenosine are known to upregulate angiogenesis; however, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in angiogenesis is controversial. Using transgenic Tg(fli-1:EGFP) zebrafish embryos, interactions of PPARα and adenosine receptors in angiogenesis were evaluated under hypoxic conditions. Epifluorescent microscopy was used to assess angiogenesis by counting the number of intersegmental (ISV) and dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV) at 28 h post-fertilization (hpf). Hypoxia (6h) stimulated angiogenesis as the number of ISV and DLAV increased by 18-fold (p<0.01) and 100 ± 8% (p<0.001), respectively, at 28 hpf. Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, WY-14643 (10 μM), a PPARα activator, stimulated angiogenesis at 28 hpf, while MK-886 (0.5 μM), an antagonist of PPARα, attenuated these effects. Compared to normoxic condition, adenosine receptor activation with NECA (10 μM) promoted angiogenesis more effectively under hypoxic conditions. Involvement of A2B receptor was implied in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis as MRS-1706 (10nM), a selective A2B antagonist attenuated NECA (10 μM)-induced angiogenesis. NECA- or WY-14643-induced angiogenesis was also inhibited by miconazole (0.1 μM), an inhibitor of epoxygenase dependent production of eicosatrienoic acid (EET) epoxide. Thus, we conclude that: activation of PPARα promoted angiogenesis just as activation of A2B receptors through an epoxide dependent mechanism.
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14
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Antitumor activities of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing endostatin on ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39119. [PMID: 22911684 PMCID: PMC3404061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endostatin is an important endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization that has been widely used in anti-angiogenesis therapy for the treatment of cancer. However, its clinical application is largely hampered by its low efficacy. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs) are particularly attractive cells for clinical use in cell-based therapies. In the present study, hpMSCs were isolated and characterized. We then evaluated the tumor targeting properties and antitumor effects of hpMSCs as gene delivery vehicles for ovarian cancer therapy. We efficiently engineered hpMSCs to deliver endostatin via adenoviral transduction mediated by Lipofectamine 2000. The tropism capacity of the engineered hpMSCs toward tumor cells was then confirmed by in vitro migration assays and in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of hpMSCs into nude mice. The hpMSCs expressing the human endostatin gene demonstrated preferential homing to the tumor site and significantly decreased the tumor volume without apparent systemic toxic effects. These observations were associated with significantly decreased blood sprouts and tumor cell proliferation as well as a dramatically increased tumor apoptosis index. These results suggested that hpMSCs are potentially an effective delivery vehicle for therapeutic genes for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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15
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Baban CK, Cronin M, O'Hanlon D, O'Sullivan GC, Tangney M. Bacteria as vectors for gene therapy of cancer. Bioeng Bugs 2011; 1:385-94. [PMID: 21468205 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.6.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer therapy faces major challenges, particularly in terms of specificity of treatment. The ideal therapy would eradicate tumor cells selectively with minimum side effects on normal tissue. Gene or cell therapies have emerged as realistic prospects for the treatment of cancer, and involve the delivery of genetic information to a tumor to facilitate the production of therapeutic proteins. However, there is still much to be done before an efficient and safe gene medicine is achieved, primarily developing the means of targeting genes to tumors safely and efficiently. An emerging family of vectors involves bacteria of various genera. It has been shown that bacteria are naturally capable of homing to tumors when systemically administered resulting in high levels of replication locally. Furthermore, invasive species can deliver heterologous genes intra-cellularly for tumor cell expression. Here, we review the use of bacteria as vehicles for gene therapy of cancer, detailing the mechanisms of action and successes at preclinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwanrow K Baban
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C. Quick Jr. Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells into the heart can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and in chronic heart failure, but the extent of benefit and of reproducibility of this approach are insufficient. Survival of transplanted cells into myocardium is poor, and new strategies are needed to enhance stem cell differentiation and survival in vivo. In this review, we describe how biomaterials can enhance stem cell function in the heart. Biomaterials can mimic or include naturally occurring extracellular matrix and also instruct stem cell function in different ways. Biomaterials can promote angiogenesis, enhance engraftment and differentiation of stem cells, and accelerate electromechanical integration of transplanted stem cells. Biomaterials can also be used to deliver proteins, genes, or small RNAs together with stem cells. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the biophysical environment of stem cells is crucial for their proliferation and differentiation, as well as their electromechanical integration. Many approaches in regenerative medicine will likely ultimately require integration of molecularly designed biomaterials and stem cell biology to develop stable tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F.M. Segers
- From the University of Antwerp (V.F.M.S.), Antwerp, Belgium; Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division (R.T.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- From the University of Antwerp (V.F.M.S.), Antwerp, Belgium; Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division (R.T.L.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
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17
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Collins SA, Buhles A, Scallan MF, Harrison PT, O'Hanlon DM, O'Sullivan GC, Tangney M. AAV2-mediated in vivo immune gene therapy of solid tumours. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2010; 8:8. [PMID: 21172020 PMCID: PMC3016353 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Many strategies have been adopted to unleash the potential of gene therapy for cancer, involving a wide range of therapeutic genes delivered by various methods. Immune therapy has become one of the major strategies adopted for cancer gene therapy and seeks to stimulate the immune system to target tumour antigens. In this study, the feasibility of AAV2 mediated immunotherapy of growing tumours was examined, in isolation and combined with anti-angiogenic therapy. Methods Immune-competent Balb/C or C57 mice bearing subcutaneous JBS fibrosarcoma or Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumour xenografts respectively were treated by intra-tumoural administration of AAV2 vector encoding the immune up-regulating cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the co-stimulatory molecule B7-1 to subcutaneous tumours, either alone or in combination with intra-muscular (IM) delivery of AAV2 vector encoding Nk4 14 days prior to tumour induction. Tumour growth and survival was monitored for all animals. Cured animals were re-challenged with tumourigenic doses of the original tumour type. In vivo cytotoxicity assays were used to investigate establishment of cell-mediated responses in treated animals. Results AAV2-mediated GM-CSF, B7-1 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in tumour growth and an increase in survival in both tumour models. Cured animals were resistant to re-challenge, and induction of T cell mediated anti-tumour responses were demonstrated. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes to naïve animals prevented tumour establishment. Systemic production of Nk4 induced by intra-muscular (IM) delivery of Nk4 significantly reduced subcutaneous tumour growth. However, combination of Nk4 treatment with GM-CSF, B7-1 therapy reduced the efficacy of the immune therapy. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for in vivo AAV2 mediated immune gene therapy, and provides data on the inter-relationship between tumour vasculature and immune cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Collins
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital and Leslie C, Quick Jnr, Laboratory, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Ning T, Yan X, Lu ZJ, Wang GP, Zhang NG, Yang JL, Jiang SS, Wu Y, Yang L, Guan YS, Luo F. Gene therapy with the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin in an orthotopic lung cancer murine model. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 20:103-11. [PMID: 18939902 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth of solid tumors. To date, no information has been acquired on the effectiveness of gene therapy in the orthotopic lung cancer model of syngeneic immunocompetent mice treated with an angiogenesis inhibitor. Here, we report the establishment of such a model in which Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) cell suspensions were orthotopically inoculated into the lung parenchyma of C57BL/6 mice, which were also injected with a recombinant adenoviral vector delivering the human endostatin gene (Ad-hE). We found that orthotopic implantation of LL/2 cells into the lung parenchyma produced a solitary tumor nodule in the lung followed by remote mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Conditioned medium from Ad-hE-transfected LL/2 cells apparently inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The level of endostatin protein in serum could be identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with Ad-hE resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that intratumoral angiogenesis was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, the finding of angiogenesis inhibition was also supported by measuring the number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Apoptotic cells were found to be increased within tumor tissues from mice treated with Ad-hE. In addition, treatment with Ad-hE combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) enhanced antitumor activity. These observations provide further evidence of the antitumor effect of endostatin gene therapy, and may be of importance for further exploration of potential application of this combined approach in the treatment of human lung cancer as well as other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in understanding, detection, and treatment, it accounts for almost one-fourth of all deaths per year in Western countries. Prostate cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous cancer in men in Europe and the United States, accounting for 15% of all cancers in men. As life expectancy of individuals increases, it is expected that there will also be an increase in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer may be inoperable at initial presentation, unresponsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or recur following appropriate treatment. At the time of presentation, patients may already have metastases in their tissues. Preventing tumor recurrence requires systemic therapy; however, current modalities are limited by toxicity or lack of efficacy. For patients with such metastatic cancers, the development of alternative therapies is essential. Gene therapy is a realistic prospect for the treatment of prostate and other cancers, and involves the delivery of genetic information to the patient to facilitate the production of therapeutic proteins. Therapeutics can act directly (eg, by inducing tumor cells to produce cytotoxic agents) or indirectly by upregulating the immune system to efficiently target tumor cells or by destroying the tumor's vasculature. However, technological difficulties must be addressed before an efficient and safe gene medicine is achieved (primarily by developing a means of delivering genes to the target cells or tissue safely and efficiently). A wealth of research has been carried out over the past 20 years, involving various strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer at preclinical and clinical trial levels. The therapeutic efficacy observed with many of these approaches in patients indicates that these treatment modalities will serve as an important component of urological malignancy treatment in the clinic, either in isolation or in combination with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tangney
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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20
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Malecki M, Proczka R, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Swoboda P, Delbani A, Pachecka J. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV2) facilitate the intraperitoneal gene delivery to cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:177-180. [PMID: 22966278 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells is characteristic of advanced stages of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and is associated with poor patient survival. The presence of cancer cells in effusions complicates treatment protocols, while cell eradication is seriously limited. One of the novel options available is cancer gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated viruses. This combination represents the most promising gene delivery vehicles to neoplasmatic cells within serosal cavities due to their unique properties that include the ability to infect proliferating cells of broad host range, as well as the potential of long-term expression. Recombinant infectious adeno-associated virus serotype 2 particles (rAAV2) were produced in a helper-free system using an AAV-293 packaging cell line, and quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR. Balb/c mice intraperitoneally pre-injected with L1 cancer cells were treated with different doses of rAAV2. Subsequently, the mice were sacrificed and intraperitoneal effusions were analyzed for rAAV presence and rAAV/β-galactosidase (LacZ) vector efficiency in order to infect cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity. We reported an efficient infection of L1 cancer cells disseminated into the peritoneal cavity by rAAV2. The expression of reporter genes (GFP and LacZ) attributable to the rAAV cell uptake was closely dependent on an applied multiplicity of infection ratio (MOI). The highest infection efficiency was observed at a MOI of 50 and 200. Our study confirmed the ability of adeno-associated viruses to facilitate gene transferability to cancer cells disseminated in the serosal cavity, as well as the potential usefulness of these viruses as a new approach in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Malecki
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Dong LF, Swettenham E, Eliasson J, Wang XF, Gold M, Medunic Y, Stantic M, Low P, Prochazka L, Witting PK, Turanek J, Akporiaye ET, Ralph SJ, Neuzil J. Vitamin E analogues inhibit angiogenesis by selective induction of apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells: the role of oxidative stress. Cancer Res 2008; 67:11906-13. [PMID: 18089821 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
"Mitocans" from the vitamin E group of selective anticancer drugs, alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS) and its ether analogue alpha-TEA, triggered apoptosis in proliferating but not arrested endothelial cells. Angiogenic endothelial cells exposed to the vitamin E analogues, unlike their arrested counterparts, readily accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interfering with the mitochondrial redox chain and activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The vitamin E analogues inhibited angiogenesis in vitro as assessed using the "wound-healing" and "tube-forming" models. Endothelial cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were resistant to the vitamin E analogues, both in ROS accumulation and apoptosis induction, maintaining their angiogenic potential. alpha-TOS inhibited angiogenesis in a mouse cancer model, as documented by ultrasound imaging. We conclude that vitamin E analogues selectively kill angiogenic endothelial cells, suppressing tumor growth, which has intriguing clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Dong
- Apoptosis Research Group, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Waisbourd M, Loewenstein A, Goldstein M, Leibovitch I. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor: a promising strategy for treating age-related macular degeneration. Drugs Aging 2007; 24:643-62. [PMID: 17702534 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200724080-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in the industrialised world. While treatment options for advanced AMD have been rather limited until recently, the introduction of intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic agents appears to be a promising and revolutionary mode of treatment for this blinding disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularisation, one of the cornerstones of advanced AMD. Pegaptanib, the first anti-VEGF treatment approved for AMD patients, is a VEGF-neutralising aptamer that specifically inhibits one isoform of VEGF (VEGF-165). Although evidence suggested that pegaptanib was superior to previous treatment options, results with this agent were still unsatisfactory. Ranibizumab is a humanised anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody fragment that inhibits all isotypes of VEGF. This new drug has demonstrated a high efficacy profile in terms of inhibiting disease progression and even improving visual acuity. Bevacizumab is a full-length anti-VEGF antibody that was originally approved for use in metastatic colon cancer and is under investigation as a low-cost off-label alternative for patients with AMD. There is growing evidence that this drug may be an effective and safe alternative to the more expensive ranibizumab, although prospective multicentre trials are required to fully investigate this issue. Undoubtedly, the concept of directly injecting anti-VEGF drugs into the vitreal cavity brings new hope to many AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Waisbourd
- Ophthalmology Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Neuzil J, Swettenham E, Wang XF, Dong LF, Stapelberg M. α-Tocopheryl succinate inhibits angiogenesis by disrupting paracrine FGF2 signalling. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4611-5. [PMID: 17825301 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells enhanced proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) as well as their angiogenesis in vitro by secretion of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). This effect was suppressed by pre-treating MM cells with alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS), which inhibited FGF2 secretion by inducing mitochondria-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. The role of FGF2 was confirmed by its down-regulation by treating MM cells with siRNA, abolishing EC proliferation and wound healing enhancement afforded by MM cells. We conclude that alpha-TOS disrupts angiogenesis mediated by MM cells by inhibiting FGF2 paracrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Neuzil
- Apoptosis Research Group, Heart Foundation Research Centre, School of Medical Science, Griffith Institute of Health and Medical Research, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Qld, Australia.
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24
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Hallow DM, Mahajan AD, Prausnitz MR. Ultrasonically targeted delivery into endothelial and smooth muscle cells in ex vivo arteries. J Control Release 2007; 118:285-93. [PMID: 17291619 PMCID: PMC1892790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound can target intracellular uptake of drugs into vascular endothelial cells (ECs) at low to intermediate energy and into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at high energy. Ultrasound-enhanced delivery has been shown to enhance and target intracellular drug and gene delivery in the vasculature to treat cardiovascular disease, but quantitative studies of the delivery process are lacking. Viable ex vivo porcine carotid arteries were placed in a solution containing a model drug, TO-PRO(R)-1, and Optison microbubbles. Arteries were exposed to ultrasound at 1.1 MHz and acoustic energies of 5.0, 66, or 630 J/cm(2). Using confocal microscopy and fluorescent labeling of cells, the artery endothelium and media were imaged to determine the localization and to quantify intracellular uptake and cell death. At low to intermediate ultrasound energy, ultrasound was shown to target intracellular delivery into viable cells that represented 9-24% of exposed ECs. These conditions also typically caused 7-25% EC death. At high energy, intracellular delivery was targeted to SMCs, which was associated with denuding or death of proximal ECs. This work represents the first known in-depth study to evaluate intracellular uptake into cells in tissue. We conclude that significant intracellular uptake of molecules can be targeted into ECs and SMCs by ultrasound-enhanced delivery suggesting possible applications for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and dysfunctions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/cytology
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/physiology
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Organic Chemicals/administration & dosage
- Swine
- Ultrasonics
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Hallow
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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