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Gupta V, Lourenço SP, Hidalgo IJ. Development of Gene Therapy Vectors: Remaining Challenges. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1915-1920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sena-Esteves M, Gao G. Introducing Genes into Mammalian Cells: Viral Vectors. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020; 2020:095513. [PMID: 32457039 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top095513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, many different viral vector systems have been developed to take advantage of the specific biological properties and tropisms of a large number of mammalian viruses. As a result, researchers wanting to introduce and/or express genes in mammalian cells have many options, as discussed here.
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Pouzolles M, Machado A, Guilbaud M, Irla M, Gailhac S, Barennes P, Cesana D, Calabria A, Benedicenti F, Sergé A, Raman I, Li QZ, Montini E, Klatzmann D, Adjali O, Taylor N, Zimmermann VS. Intrathymic adeno-associated virus gene transfer rapidly restores thymic function and long-term persistence of gene-corrected T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:679-697.e5. [PMID: 31513879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with T-cell immunodeficiencies are generally treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but alternatives are needed for patients without matched donors. An innovative intrathymic gene therapy approach that directly targets the thymus might improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy of intrathymic adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes to transduce thymocyte subsets and correct the T-cell immunodeficiency in a zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70)-deficient murine model. METHODS AAV serotypes were injected intrathymically into wild-type mice, and gene transfer efficiency was monitored. ZAP-70-/- mice were intrathymically injected with an AAV8 vector harboring the ZAP70 gene. Thymus structure, immunophenotyping, T-cell receptor clonotypes, T-cell function, immune responses to transgenes and autoantibodies, vector copy number, and integration were evaluated. RESULTS AAV8, AAV9, and AAV10 serotypes all transduced thymocyte subsets after in situ gene transfer, with transduction of up to 5% of cells. Intrathymic injection of an AAV8-ZAP-70 vector into ZAP-70-/- mice resulted in a rapid thymocyte differentiation associated with the development of a thymic medulla. Strikingly, medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing the autoimmune regulator were detected within 10 days of gene transfer, correlating with the presence of functional effector and regulatory T-cell subsets with diverse T-cell receptor clonotypes in the periphery. Although thymocyte reconstitution was transient, gene-corrected peripheral T cells harboring approximately 1 AAV genome per cell persisted for more than 40 weeks, and AAV vector integration was detected. CONCLUSIONS Intrathymic AAV-transduced progenitors promote a rapid restoration of the thymic architecture, with a single wave of thymopoiesis generating long-term peripheral T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pouzolles
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Machado
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mickaël Guilbaud
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Center of Immunology Marseille-Luminy (CIML), INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix-Marseille Université UM2, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Gailhac
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Barennes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France
| | - Daniela Cesana
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (i2B), Paris, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM UMR1089, Université de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal AAV targeting approaches. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:56-63. [PMID: 28743034 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) is highly prevalent in musculoskeletal gene therapies due to their versatility, high transduction efficiency, natural tropism and vector genome persistence for years. As the largest organ in the body, treatment of skeletal muscle for widespread and sufficient therapeutic gene expression is highly challenging. In addition to disease-specific hurdles, vector genome loss, off-target gene transfer and immune responses to treatment can diminish the overall benefit of rAAV therapies. A variety of approaches have been developed to overcome these challenges and improve musculoskeletal targeting of rAAVs. This review focuses on recent advancements and remaining obstacles in creating optimal rAAV-based therapies for musculoskeletal application.
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Mehrotra R, Renganaath K, Kanodia H, Loake GJ, Mehrotra S. Towards combinatorial transcriptional engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:390-405. [PMID: 28300614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The modular nature of the transcriptional unit makes it possible to design robust modules with predictable input-output characteristics using a ‘parts- off a shelf’ approach. Customized regulatory circuits composed of multiple such transcriptional units have immense scope for application in diverse fields of basic and applied research. Synthetic transcriptional engineering seeks to construct such genetic cascades. Here, we discuss the three principle strands of transcriptional engineering: promoter and transcriptional factor engineering, and programming inducibilty into synthetic modules. In this context, we review the scope and limitations of some recent technologies that seek to achieve these ends. Our discussion emphasizes a requirement for rational combinatorial engineering principles and the promise this approach holds for the future development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Kaushik Renganaath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harsh Kanodia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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6
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Fuchs SP, Desrosiers RC. Promise and problems associated with the use of recombinant AAV for the delivery of anti-HIV antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16068. [PMID: 28197421 PMCID: PMC5289440 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to elicit antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates have so far proven unsuccessful. Long-term delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with such activity is a creative alternative that circumvents the need for an immune response and has the potential for creating a long-lasting sterilizing barrier against HIV. This approach is made possible by an incredible array of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that have been identified over the last several years. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are ideally suited for long-term delivery for a variety of reasons. The only products made from rAAV are derived from the transgenes that are put into it; as long as those products are not viewed as foreign, expression from muscle tissue may continue for decades. Thus, use of rAAV to achieve long-term delivery of anti-HIV mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV-1 isolates is emerging as a promising concept for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection in humans. Experiments in mice and monkeys that have demonstrated protective efficacy against AIDS virus infection have raised hopes for the promise of this approach. However, all published experiments in monkeys have encountered unwanted immune responses to the AAV-delivered antibody, and these immune responses appear to limit the levels of delivered antibody that can be achieved. In this review, we highlight the promise of rAAV-mediated antibody delivery for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans, but we also discuss the obstacles that will need to be understood and solved in order for the promise of this approach to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida, USA
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Chira S, Jackson CS, Oprea I, Ozturk F, Pepper MS, Diaconu I, Braicu C, Raduly LZ, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Progresses towards safe and efficient gene therapy vectors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30675-703. [PMID: 26362400 PMCID: PMC4741561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of genetic engineering at the beginning of the 1970′s opened the era of biomedical technologies, which aims to improve human health using genetic manipulation techniques in a clinical context. Gene therapy represents an innovating and appealing strategy for treatment of human diseases, which utilizes vehicles or vectors for delivering therapeutic genes into the patients' body. However, a few past unsuccessful events that negatively marked the beginning of gene therapy resulted in the need for further studies regarding the design and biology of gene therapy vectors, so that this innovating treatment approach can successfully move from bench to bedside. In this paper, we review the major gene delivery vectors and recent improvements made in their design meant to overcome the issues that commonly arise with the use of gene therapy vectors. At the end of the manuscript, we summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of common gene therapy vectors and we discuss possible future directions for potential therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Carlo S Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Iulian Oprea
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferhat Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canik Başari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos-Zsolt Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Braun-Falco M, Rödl D. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors for somatic gene therapy in dermatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Abi-Nader KN, Rodeck CH, David AL. Prenatal gene therapy for the early treatment of genetic disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17474108.4.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Koornneef A, van Logtenstein R, Timmermans E, Pisas L, Blits B, Abad X, Fortes P, Petry H, Konstantinova P, Ritsema T. AAV-mediated in vivo knockdown of luciferase using combinatorial RNAi and U1i. Gene Ther 2011; 18:929-35. [PMID: 21472008 PMCID: PMC3169806 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been successfully employed for specific inhibition of gene expression; however, safety and delivery of RNAi remain critical issues. We investigated the combinatorial use of RNAi and U1 interference (U1i). U1i is a gene-silencing technique that acts on the pre-mRNA by preventing polyadenylation. RNAi and U1i have distinct mechanisms of action in different cellular compartments and their combined effect allows usage of minimal doses, thereby avoiding toxicity while retaining high target inhibition. As a proof of concept, we investigated knockdown of the firefly luciferase reporter gene by combinatorial use of RNAi and U1i, and evaluated their inhibitory potential both in vitro and in vivo. Co-transfection of RNAi and U1i constructs showed additive reduction of luciferase expression up to 95% in vitro. We attained similar knockdown when RNAi and U1i constructs were hydrodynamically transfected into murine liver, demonstrating for the first time successful in vivo application of U1i. Moreover, we demonstrated long-term gene silencing by AAV-mediated transduction of murine muscle with RNAi/U1i constructs targeting firefly luciferase. In conclusion, these results provide a proof of principle for the combinatorial use of RNAi and U1i to enhance target gene knockdown in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koornneef
- Department of Research and Development, Amsterdam Molecular Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Tang Y, Cummins J, Huard J, Wang B. AAV-directed muscular dystrophy gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:395-408. [PMID: 20132060 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003604690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Muscle-directed gene therapy for genetic muscle diseases can be performed by the recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector delivery system to achieve long-term therapeutic gene transfer in all affected muscles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Recent progress in rAAV-vector-mediated muscle-directed gene transfer and associated techniques for the treatment of muscular dystrophies (MD). The review covers literature from the past 2 - 3 years. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN rAAV-directed muscular dystrophy gene therapy can be achieved by mini-dystrophin replacement and exon-skipping strategies. The additional strategies of enhancing muscle regeneration and reducing inflammation in the muscle micro-environment should be useful to optimize therapeutic efficacy. This review compares the merits and shortcomings of different administration methods, promoters and experimental animals that will guide the choice of the appropriate strategy for clinical trials. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Restoration of muscle histopathology and function has been performed using rAAV systemic gene delivery. In addition, the combination of gene replacement and adjuvant therapies in the future may be beneficial with regard to improving muscle regeneration and decreasing myofiber necrosis. The challenges faced by large animal model studies and in human trials arise from gene transfer efficiency and immune response, which may be overcome by optimizing the rAAV vectors utilized and the administration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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12
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Heart-targeted adeno-associated viral vectors selected by in vivo biopanning of a random viral display peptide library. Gene Ther 2010; 17:980-90. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Malecki M, Proczka R, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Swoboda P, Delbani A, Pachecka J. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV2) facilitate the intraperitoneal gene delivery to cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:177-180. [PMID: 22966278 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells is characteristic of advanced stages of ovarian, breast and lung cancers, and is associated with poor patient survival. The presence of cancer cells in effusions complicates treatment protocols, while cell eradication is seriously limited. One of the novel options available is cancer gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated viruses. This combination represents the most promising gene delivery vehicles to neoplasmatic cells within serosal cavities due to their unique properties that include the ability to infect proliferating cells of broad host range, as well as the potential of long-term expression. Recombinant infectious adeno-associated virus serotype 2 particles (rAAV2) were produced in a helper-free system using an AAV-293 packaging cell line, and quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR. Balb/c mice intraperitoneally pre-injected with L1 cancer cells were treated with different doses of rAAV2. Subsequently, the mice were sacrificed and intraperitoneal effusions were analyzed for rAAV presence and rAAV/β-galactosidase (LacZ) vector efficiency in order to infect cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity. We reported an efficient infection of L1 cancer cells disseminated into the peritoneal cavity by rAAV2. The expression of reporter genes (GFP and LacZ) attributable to the rAAV cell uptake was closely dependent on an applied multiplicity of infection ratio (MOI). The highest infection efficiency was observed at a MOI of 50 and 200. Our study confirmed the ability of adeno-associated viruses to facilitate gene transferability to cancer cells disseminated in the serosal cavity, as well as the potential usefulness of these viruses as a new approach in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Malecki
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Mansbridge JN. Tissue-engineered skin substitutes in regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:563-7. [PMID: 19782559 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advance in cellular tissue-engineered skin constructs have refined the applications already commercially available, in particular, by the use of genetically modified cells to enhance their properties on the treatment of wounds and to ease the application of epidermis using sprayed keratinocytes. This approach lends itself to use of chimeric epidermis, cultured allogeneic cells, to provide short-term coverage, together with minimally cultured autologous cells for long-term repair. Experimental models of skin include pathological conditions, phenomena such as aging and organogenesis, as in the hair follicle grown from isolated cells in vitro. The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells raises the possibility of realizing the dream of skin and even limb regeneration shown by animals such as the salamander.
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Mori-Uchino M, Takeuchi T, Murakami I, Yano T, Yasugi T, Taketani Y, Nakagawa K, Kanda T. Enhanced transgene expression in the mouse skeletal muscle infected by the adeno-associated viral vector with the human elongation factor 1alpha promoter and a human chromatin insulator. J Gene Med 2009; 11:598-604. [PMID: 19399759 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient and continuous expression of a therapeutic transgene is a key factor for improving the efficacy of gene therapy. Some insulators are known to contribute to continuous high-level expression of a therapeutic transgene. METHODS Using the human AAVS1 insulator (DHS) found in the AAVS1 DNase I hypersensitive site, chicken beta-globin insulator (cHS4) and sea urchin arylsufatase insulator (Ars), we newly constructed three recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV) and examined their capability of transducing the mouse quadriceps muscle. RESULTS DHS increased transgene expression from the human elongation factor 1alpha promoter (EF) by 1000-fold, up to the high level achieved by the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/enhancer (CMV), which comprises an extremely strong promoter for driving a transgene. cHS4 enhanced the expression by 100-fold, whereas Ars did not. The enhanced expression was maintained for at least 24 weeks. Vector copy numbers were similar with and without DHS or cHS4; thus, the enhancement is most likely due to up-regulated transcription. Neither DHS, nor cHS4 affected transgene expression from CMV. DHS enhanced expression from the human muscle creatine kinase promoter/enhancer by 100-fold in mice, as did DHS from EF. CONCLUSIONS Although DHS was unable to further enhance high expression from the strong viral enhancer/promoter, it enhanced low expression from the human promoters by 100- to 1000-fold. Thus, DHS may be useful for constructing rAAVs that express a therapeutic transgene from less efficient, tissue specific promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuyo Mori-Uchino
- Center for Pathogen Genomics, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Kunze M, Huber A, Krajewski A, Lowden E, Schuhmann N, Buening H, Hallek M, Noack M, Perabo L. Efficient gene transfer to periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts by adeno-associated virus vectors. J Dent 2009; 37:502-8. [PMID: 19362764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored for the first time the possibility to deliver a reporter gene (Green Fluorescence Protein) to human primary periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) using shuttle vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV). Since AAV transduction rates on other human primary fibroblasts have been previously shown to depend on the particular cell lineage and on the employed viral serotype, we determined the most effective AAV variant for periodontal cells comparing different vector types. METHODS AAV serotypes 1-5 encoding GFP in single stranded (ss) and self-complementary (sc) vector genome conformations were used to infect primary HGF and PDL cells. Two days post-infection, the percentage of GFP expressing cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Highest transduction rates for both cell types were achieved with self-complementary vectors derived from AAV-2, resulting in GFP expression in up to 86% of PDL cells and 50% of HGF. Transgene expression could be observed by optical microscopy for 2 months after infection. Lower but detectable rates were obtained with serotypes 1, 3 and 5. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy demonstrated here and the safety and versatility of AAV technology indicated in previous studies clearly suggest the potential of AAV vectors as tools for gene transfer to periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kunze
- Center of Dental Medicine, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Cologne, Germany
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Cao L, Lin EJD, Cahill MC, Wang C, Liu X, During MJ. Molecular therapy of obesity and diabetes by a physiological autoregulatory approach. Nat Med 2009; 15:447-54. [PMID: 19270710 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key element in the regulation of energy balance. Here we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of BDNF by gene transfer in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. Gene transfer of BDNF led to marked weight loss and alleviation of obesity-associated insulin resistance. To facilitate clinical translation and ensure that BDNF protein expression was appropriately decreased as weight loss progressed, thus preventing cachexia, we developed a molecular autoregulatory system involving a single recombinant adeno-associated virus vector harboring two expression cassettes, one constitutively driving BDNF and the other driving a specific microRNA targeting BDNF. The microRNA element was controlled by a promoter (that controlling the Agrp gene encoding agouti-related peptide) responsive to BDNF-induced physiological changes. Hence, as body weight decreased and agouti-related protein is induced, microRNA expression was activated, inhibiting transgene expression. In contrast to the progressive weight loss associated with a nonregulated approach, this microRNA-approach led to a sustainable plateau of body weight after notable weight loss was achieved. This strategy mimics the body's endogenous physiological feedback mechanisms, thereby resetting the hypothalamic set point to reverse obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Cancer Genetics and Neuroscience Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Moreau A, Vicente R, Dubreil L, Adjali O, Podevin G, Jacquet C, Deschamps JY, Klatzmann D, Cherel Y, Taylor N, Moullier P, Zimmermann VS. Efficient intrathymic gene transfer following in situ administration of a rAAV serotype 8 vector in mice and nonhuman primates. Mol Ther 2008; 17:472-9. [PMID: 19088703 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the primary site of T-cell development and plays a key role in the induction of self-tolerance. We previously showed that the intrathymic (i.t.) injection of a transgene-expressing lentiviral vector (LV) in mice can result in the correction of a T cell-specific genetic defect. Nevertheless, the efficiency of thymocyte transduction did not exceed 0.1-0.3% and we were unable to detect any thymus transduction in macaques. As such, we initiated studies to assess the capacity of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to transduce murine and primate thymic cells. In vivo administration of AAV serotype 2-derived single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) and self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors pseudotyped with capsid proteins of serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 demonstrated that murine thymus transduction was significantly enhanced by scAAV2/8. Transgene expression was detected in 5% of thymocytes and, notably, transduced cells represented 1% of peripheral T lymphocytes. Moreover, i.t. administration of scAAV2/8 particles in macaques, by endoscopic-mediated guidance, resulted in significant gene transfer. Thus, in healthy animals, where thymic gene transfer does not provide a selective advantage, scAAV2/8 is a unique tool promoting the in situ transduction of thymocytes with the subsequent export of gene-modified lymphocytes to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U649-Laboratoire de Thérapie Génique, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
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Li Z, Yao H, Ma Y, Dong Q, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zheng BJ, Huang JD, Chan CY, Lin MC, Sung JJ, Yuen KY, Kung HF, He ML. Inhibition of HBV gene expression and replication by stably expressed interferon-alpha1 via adeno-associated viral vectors. J Gene Med 2008; 10:619-27. [PMID: 18383553 PMCID: PMC7166674 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon‐α2 (IFNα2) is routinely used for anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficiency is unsatisfactory, particularly in East Asia. Such inefficiency might be a result of the short half‐life, relatively low local concentration and strong side‐effects of interferons. Frequent and repeated injection is also a big burden for patients. In the present study, a single dose of vector‐delivered IFNα1 was tested for its anti‐HBV effects. Methods Adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV‐IFNα1) was generated to deliver the IFNα1 gene into hepatocytes. IFNα1, hepatitis B surface (HBsAg) and e (HBeAg) antigens were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and/or western blotting. The level of viral DNA was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results AAV‐IFNα1 effectively transduced HBV‐producing cells (HepAD38) and mouse hepatocytes, where IFNα1 was expressed in a stable manner. Both intracellular and extracellular HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly reduced in vitro. In the HBV‐producing mice, the concentration of IFNα1 in the liver was eight‐fold higher than that in plasma. Compared with control groups, HBeAg/HBsAg antigen levels were reduced by more than ten‐fold from day 1–5, and dropped to an undetectable level on day 9 in the AAV‐IFNα1 group. Concurrently, the level of viral DNA decreased over 30‐fold for several weeks. Conclusions A single dose administration of AAV‐IFNα1 viral vector displayed prolonged transgene expression and superior antiviral effects both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the use of AAV‐IFNα1 might be a potential alternative strategy for anti‐HBV therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Delluc-Clavières A, Le Bec C, Van den Berghe L, Conte C, Allo V, Danos O, Prats AC. Efficient gene transfer in skeletal muscle with AAV-derived bicistronic vector using the FGF-1 IRES. Gene Ther 2008; 15:1090-8. [PMID: 18369321 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IRESs (internal ribosome entry sites) are RNA elements behaving as translational enhancers in conditions of global translation blockade. IRESs are also useful in biotechnological applications as they allow expression of several genes from a single mRNA. Up to now, most IRES-containing vectors use the IRES from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), highly active in transiently transfected cells but long and not flexible in its positioning relative to the gene of interest. In contrast, several IRESs identified in cellular mRNAs are short and flexible and may therefore be advantageous in gene transfer vectors such as those derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV), where the size of the transgene expression cassette is limited. Here, we have tested bicistronic AAV-derived vectors expressing two luciferase genes separated by the EMCV- or fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) IRES. We demonstrate that the AAV vector with the FGF-1 IRES, when administrated into the mouse muscle, leads to efficient expression of both transgenes with a stable stoechiometry, for at least 120 days. Interestingly, the bicistronic mRNA containing the FGF-1 IRES leads to transgene expression 10 times superior to that observed with EMCV, in vivo. AAV vectors featuring the FGF-1 IRES may thus be advantageous for gene therapy approaches in skeletal muscle involving coexpression of genes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delluc-Clavières
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U858, Toulouse, France
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STRAUSS JAMESH, STRAUSS ELLENG. Gene Therapy. VIRUSES AND HUMAN DISEASE 2008. [PMCID: PMC7148746 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-373741-0.50014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azzoni AR, Ribeiro SC, Monteiro GA, Prazeres DMF. The impact of polyadenylation signals on plasmid nuclease-resistance and transgene expression. J Gene Med 2007; 9:392-402. [PMID: 17407167 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient delivery and expression of plasmids (pDNA) is a major concern in gene therapy and DNA vaccination using non-viral vectors. Besides the use of adjuvants, the pDNA vector itself can be designed to maximize survival in nuclease-rich environments. Homopurine-rich tracts in polyadenylation sequences have been previously shown to be especially important in pDNA resistance. METHODOLOGY The effect of modifications in the poly A sequence of a model pDNA vector (pVAX1GFP) on nuclease resistance and transgene expression was investigated. Four poly A sequences were studied: bovine growth hormone (BGH), mutant BGH, SV40 and a synthetic poly A. Plasmid resistance (half-life) was assessed through in vitro incubations with mammalian nucleases. The impact in transgene expression was studied by quantifying pDNA, mRNA, and GFP expression in CHO, hybridoma and HeLa cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In vitro and cell culture studies indicate that plasmids containing the SV40 and the synthetic poly A sequences present significant improvements in nuclease resistance (up to two-fold increase in half-life). However, RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that significant reduction in mRNA steady-state levels were responsible for a decrease in transgene expression and detected transfection level of CHO and hybridoma cells when using the more resistant plasmids. Interestingly, transfection of HeLa cells demonstrated that both poly A efficiency and plasmid resistance interfere significantly in transgene expression. The results strongly suggest that the choice of the poly A is important, not only for mRNA maturation/stability, but also for pDNA resistance, and should thus be taken into consideration in the design and evaluation of pDNA vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano R Azzoni
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Macario AJL, Conway de Macario E. Chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3681-8. [PMID: 17475257 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of molecular chaperones (genetics, structure, location, physiology, pathology, and therapeutics) has developed into a science with specific objectives, methods, and hypotheses, a discipline we called chaperonology. Subdisciplines of chaperonology include the study of pathological chaperones (chaperonopathies) and the analysis of their genes in sequenced genomes (chaperonomics). Chaperonopathies are pathological conditions in which one type of chaperone is deficient due to a genetic or acquired defect that modifies the chaperone's structure and/or makes the chaperone unavailable for functioning when needed. Experimental and clinical data show that chaperones and their genes can be used for treating various pathological conditions, thus justifying the development of chaperonotherapy. We discuss recent work showing that chaperonotherapy is on solid foundations: the data demonstrate that molecular chaperones counteract pathogenetic mechanisms in disease and during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J L Macario
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (UMBI), Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Lam PYP, Sia KC, Khong JH, De Geest B, Lim KS, Ho IAW, Wang GY, Miao LV, Huynh H, Hui KM. An efficient and safe herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicon vector for transcriptionally targeted therapy of human hepatocellular carcinomas. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1129-1136. [PMID: 17426711 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that transgene expression could be targeted to proliferating cells when cell cycle transcriptional regulatory elements were incorporated into herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon backbone vectors. In the study reported here, we further demonstrated the transcriptional activation of transgene expression in association with the onset of cellular proliferation using the mouse partial hepatectomy model. Moreover, transcriptional regulation could be rendered specific to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inserting the chimeric gene Gal4/NF-YA under the regulation of the HCC-specific hybrid promoter. The hybrid promoter, which consists of four copies of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) enhancer element inserted upstream of the human alpha1-antitrypsin(hAAT) promoter, induced an higher level of transcription than other liver-specific promoters such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin (Alb) promoter. As a consequence, the enhancement of tissue-specific expression in the context of Gal4/NF-YA fusion proteins enabled the monitoring of transgene expression using a bioluminescence imaging system. Furthermore, these vectors have been shown to be non-toxic and exhibited potent infectivity for proliferating primary HCC cells and HCC cell lines. Together, these results demonstrated that the new hybrid vectors could provide options for the design of safe and efficient systemic gene therapeutic strategies for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Y P Lam
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.
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Abstract
The ability to generate genetically manipulated mice has revolutionized the study of development, cell biology, immunobiology and transplantation. Conventional gene targeting approaches lead to inactivation of the target gene in all tissues. This approach often has unintended consequences, such as embryonic lethality, which preclude studying the originally intended tissue. Newer approaches allowing conditional gene expression in a tissue-specific or temporally controlled fashion have the advantage of normal development with gene deletion only in the desired tissues. While nuances to these techniques continue to be developed, the underlying concepts remain consistent. This minireview focuses on the use of conditional gene targeting in mice using the Cre-loxP system and drug inducible gene expression using the tetracycline system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Maltzman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Venter M. Synthetic promoters: genetic control through cis engineering. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2007; 12:118-24. [PMID: 17292658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances in plant genetics integrated with systems biology and bioinformatics has yielded a myriad of novel biological data and insights into plant metabolism. This unprecedented advance has provided a platform for targeted manipulation of transcriptional activity through synthetic promoter engineering, and holds great promise as a way to further our understanding of regulatory complexity. The challenge and strategy for predictive experimental gene expression is the accurate design and use of molecular 'switches' and modules that will regulate single or multiple plant transgenes in direct response to specific environmental, physiological and chemical cues. In particular, focusing on cis-motif rearrangement, future plant biotechnology applications and the elucidation of cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms could greatly benefit from using plant synthetic promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauritz Venter
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive literature review describing recent developments of the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector and exploring the therapeutic application of rAAV for bone defects, cartilage lesions and rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN Narrative review. RESULT The review outlines the serotypes and genome of AAV, integration and life cycle of the rAAV vectors, the immune response and regulating system for AAV gene therapy. Furthermore, the advancements of rAAV gene therapy for bone growth together with cartilage repair are summarized. CONCLUSION Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector is perceived to be one of the most promising vector systems for bone and cartilage gene therapy approaches and further investigations need to be carried out for craniofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dai
- The Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Phillips JE, Gersbach CA, García AJ. Virus-based gene therapy strategies for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2007; 28:211-29. [PMID: 16928397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the repair and regeneration of damaged musculoskeletal tissues. Application of this paradigm to bone healing has shown enhanced efficacy in preclinical animal studies compared to conventional bone grafting approaches. This review discusses current and emerging virus-based genetic engineering strategies for the delivery of therapeutic molecules which promote skeletal regeneration. Viral gene delivery vectors are discussed in the context of bone repair in order to illustrate the challenges and applications of these methods with tissue-specific examples. Moreover the concepts discussed can be broadly applied to promote healing in a wide range of tissues. We also present important considerations involved in the application of these gene therapy techniques to a variety of osteogenic (e.g. bone marrow-derived cells) and non-osteogenic (e.g. fibroblasts and skeletal myoblasts) cell types. Criteria for the selection of regenerative molecules with soluble versus intracellular modes of action and emerging combinatorial approaches are also discussed. Overall, gene transfer technologies have the potential to overcome limitations associated with existing bone grafting approaches and may enable investigators to design therapies which more closely mimic the complex spatial and temporal cascade of proteins involved in endogenous bone development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Phillips
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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