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Baniya A, Goldy CJ, Ardpairin J, Achi P, Chang YW, Adrianza RC, Vitta A, Dillman AR. Canine Schistosomiasis in the West Coast: Heterobilharzia americana in Two Natural Intermediate Hosts Found in the Colorado River, California. Pathogens 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38535588 PMCID: PMC10975932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of infectious diseases presents a significant global health, economic, and security risk. Climate change can unexpectedly lead to the spread of pathogens, vectors, or hosts into new areas, contributing to the rise of infectious diseases. Surveillance plays a crucial role in monitoring disease trends and implementing control strategies. In this study, we document the first discovery of Heterobilharzia americana, a parasitic schistosome of mammals and its intermediate hosts Galba cubensis and Galba humilis along the banks of the Colorado River in California. We conducted multiple samplings of snails from various locations in the region with a previous history of canine schistosomiasis. Nucleotide sequencing of the multiple regions of the snails' and parasites' DNA revealed the coexistence of G. cubensis and G. humilis, both infected with H. americana. Phylogenetic analyses further validate the presence of H. americana in California, suggesting a wider distribution than previously reported. Our findings have implications for public health, veterinary medicine, and biodiversity conservation, contributing to developing effective control strategies to prevent the spread of this emerging infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Baniya
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Connor J. Goldy
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Jiranun Ardpairin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (J.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Perla Achi
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Yu Wei Chang
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Rose C. Adrianza
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Apichat Vitta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (J.A.); (A.V.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (A.B.); (C.J.G.); (P.A.); (Y.W.C.); (R.C.A.)
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Felmy A, Streiff AB, Jokela J. Propensity for selfing varies within a population of hermaphroditic snails: coexistence of selfers, outcrossers and mixed-mating individuals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230532. [PMID: 37800152 PMCID: PMC10548103 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand mating-system evolution in self-compatible hermaphrodites, variation in selfing rates is highly relevant. Empirical studies are rarely designed to capture variation between individuals, instead often comparing species and populations. Yet, evolution primarily occurs within populations, rendering among-individual variation essential. Observed individual selfing rates depend on the environment (e.g. differences in mate availability) and individuals' propensity for selfing. We quantified individual variation in selfing propensity in the snail Radix balthica by conducting laboratory mating trials that manipulated mate availability (low versus moderate) and estimating selfing rates from progeny arrays. We also measured female lifetime fitness. We found substantial among-individual variation in selfing propensity, including pure selfers (32%), pure outcrossers (31%) and mixed-mating individuals that selfed and outcrossed (37%). Experimental levels of mate availability did not significantly affect selfing rates. Selfers had reduced female liftetime fitness. Our results show that the propensity for selfing can differ considerably among individuals, with similar proportions of selfers, outcrossers and mixed maters. As mate availability did not affect selfing, our 'moderate' experimental level of mate availability might still have been too low to prompt selfers to outcross. This and the observed fitness differences also cautiously suggest that investigating the heritability of selfing propensities might be worthwhile in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Felmy
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alena B. Streiff
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bargues MD, Artigas P, Angles R, Osca D, Duran P, Buchon P, Gonzales-Pomar RK, Pinto-Mendieta J, Mas-Coma S. Genetic uniformity, geographical spread and anthropogenic habitat modifications of lymnaeid vectors found in a One Health initiative in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic of the Bolivian Altiplano. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:171. [PMID: 32252808 PMCID: PMC7137187 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fascioliasis is a snail-borne zoonotic trematodiasis emerging due to climate changes, anthropogenic environment modifications, and livestock movements. Many areas where Fasciola hepatica is endemic in humans have been described in Latin America altitude areas. Highest prevalences and intensities were reported from four provinces of the northern Bolivian Altiplano, where preventive chemotherapy is ongoing. New strategies are now incorporated to decrease infection/re-infection risk, assessment of human infection sources to enable efficient prevention measures, and additionally a One Health initiative in a selected zone. Subsequent extension of these pilot interventions to the remaining Altiplano is key. Methods To verify reproducibility throughout, 133 specimens from 25 lymnaeid populations representative of the whole Altiplano, and 11 used for population dynamics studies, were analyzed by rDNA ITS2 and ITS1 and mtDNA cox1 and 16S sequencing to assess their classification, variability and geographical spread. Results Lymnaeid populations proved to belong to a monomorphic group, Galba truncatula. Only a single cox1 mutation was found in a local population. Two cox1 haplotypes were new. Comparisons of transmission foci data from the 1990’s with those of 2018 demonstrated an endemic area expansion. Altitudinal, northward and southward expansions suggest movements of livestock transporting G. truncatula snails, with increasing temperatures transforming previously unsuitable habitats into suitable transmission areas. Transmission foci appear to be stable when compared to past field observations, except for those modified by human activities, including construction of new roads or control measures undertaken in relation to fascioliasis. Conclusions For a One Health initiative, the control of only one Fasciola species and snail vector species simplifies efforts because of the lower transmission complexity. Vector monomorphism suggests uniformity of vector population responses after control measure implementation. Hyperendemic area outer boundary instability suggests a climate change impact. All populations outside previously known boundaries were close to villages, human dwellings and/or schools, and should therefore be considered during disease control planning. The remarkable southward expansion implies that a fifth province, Aroma, should now be included within preventive chemotherapy programmes. This study highlights the need for lymnaeid molecular identification, transmission foci stability monitoring, and potential vector spread assessment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rene Angles
- Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Av. Saavedra, Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - David Osca
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pamela Duran
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paola Buchon
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - R Karina Gonzales-Pomar
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Julio Pinto-Mendieta
- Unidad de Limnología, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, Calle 27, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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Alba A, Tetreau G, Chaparro C, Sánchez J, Vázquez AA, Gourbal B. Natural resistance to Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) in Pseudosuccinea columella snails: A review from literature and insights from comparative "omic" analyses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103463. [PMID: 31381929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The snail Pseudosuccinea columella is one of the main vectors of the medically-important trematode Fasciola hepatica. In Cuba, the existence of natural P. columella populations that are either susceptible or resistant to F. hepatica infection offers a unique snail-parasite for study of parasite-host compatibility and immune function in gastropods. Here, we review all previous literature on this system and present new "omic" data that provide a molecular baseline of both P. columella phenotypes from naïve snails. Comparison of whole snail transcriptomes (RNAseq) and the proteomes of the albumen gland (2D-electrophoresis, MS) revealed that resistant and susceptible strains differed mainly in an enrichment of particular biological processes/functions and a greater abundance of proteins/transcripts associated with immune defense/stress response in resistant snails. These results indicate a differential allocation of molecular resources to self-maintenance and survival in resistant P. columella that may cause enhanced responsiveness to stressors (i.e. F. hepatica infection or tolerance to variations in environmental pH/total water hardness), possibly as trade-off against reproduction and the ecological cost of resistance previously suggested in resistant populations of P. columella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
| | - Guillaume Tetreau
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", La Habana, Cuba; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environments UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860, Perpignan, France.
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5
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Patterns of distribution, population genetics and ecological requirements of field-occurring resistant and susceptible Pseudosuccinea columella snails to Fasciola hepatica in Cuba. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14359. [PMID: 31591422 PMCID: PMC6779948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudosuccinea columella snails transmit the trematode Fasciola hepatica, but in Cuba, six naturally occurring populations successfully resist parasite infection. Here, we present an updated distribution of P. columella in Cuba; 68 positive sites with the earliest records more abundant in west-central Cuba and with east-central populations generally corresponding to the newest samples. No records were found farther east. The IPA site reported 10.5% prevalence of F. hepatica-infected snails. Population genetics, studied through microsatellites, showed low allelic and multilocus genotypic richness (MLGT), mainly in susceptible populations, strong deviations from panmixia and high self-fertilization rates. Susceptible individuals were grouped in one major cluster containing the majority of MLGT, and two independent clusters grouped the MLGT of resistant individuals from western and central populations, respectively. From these, we propose that several introductions of P. columella occurred in Cuba, primarily in the west, with the early arrivals deriving on the resistant populations. A more recent introduction of susceptible P. columella carrying MLGT T and Y may have occurred, where the latter spread quickly through the island and possibly increase the risk of parasite transmission in Cuba since all snails naturally infected with F. hepatica were carriers of the MLGT Y. Interestingly, even though resistant populations are highly diverse and are likely the oldest within Cuba, they are only found in six localities characterized by soft (total hardness, TH = 6.3 ± 1.03°d) and slightly acidic (pH = 6.2 ± 0.12) waters with low richness in snail species (3.2 ± 1.02). This tendency was also observed in a two-year follow-up ecological study that was conducted on a farm where both phenotypes occurred in sympatry; colonization events by resistant over susceptible snails coincided with a reduction in the pH and TH of the water. A comparison of life traits in susceptible and resistant isolates reared at two different pH/TH conditions (5.9/4°d or 7.8/14°d) showed that low pH/TH negatively affects P. columella, irrespective of the phenotype. However, evidence of higher tolerance (higher survival, life expectancy, egg viability) to such conditions was observed in resistant isolates. Finally, we speculate that the limited distribution of resistant populations might be related to a better exploitation of sites that are less suitable to snails (thus, with lower competition), rather than to a differential ecological restriction to specific environmental conditions from susceptible P. columella.
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Sabourin E, Alda P, Vázquez A, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Vittecoq M. Impact of Human Activities on Fasciolosis Transmission. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:891-903. [PMID: 30195634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a worldwide disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola spp. This food- and water-borne disease is a major public health and veterinary issue. It is currently (re)emerging in several regions mainly due to the rapid evolution of human activities. This article reviews the current knowledge of the impact of irrigation-system management, livestock management, and human diet and hygiene habits on the emergence of fasciolosis. We also identify the gaps in this knowledge and the possible solutions for limiting these impacts. Integrated control seems to be the most effective solution for controlling fasciolosis, because it enables monitoring, prevention, and rapid action in case of the (re)emergence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Sabourin
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Antonio Vázquez
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Lounnas M, Correa A, Alda P, David P, Dubois MP, Calvopiña M, Caron Y, Celi-Erazo M, Dung B, Jarne P, Loker E, Noya O, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R, Toty C, Uribe N, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Population structure and genetic diversity in the invasive freshwater snail Galba schirazensis (Lymnaeidae). CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the population genetic structure of the freshwater snail Galba schirazensis (Küster, 1862), a potential vector of infectious diseases such as fascioliasis. Galba schirazensis has now a worldwide distribution but a poorly known origin because this species has been distinguished only recently from the morphologically similar and cosmopolitan Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774). We developed specific microsatellite markers and sequenced a mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1)) to study individuals of G. schirazensis from the Old World and the New World. We found very low genetic diversity within populations, no heterozygotes, and marked population structure — a pattern observed in other highly selfing lymnaeid species with recently enlarged distributions as a result of biological invasions. The total lack of observed heterozygosity in the few populations of G. schirazensis that displayed some allelic diversity suggests high selfing rates. We also found that the center of diversity, and by extension the origin area of this species, should be found in the New World, whereas Old World populations should rather result from a recent introduction of a genetically uniform population. The microsatellite markers developed here will help to clarify the history of expansion of G. schirazensis and might help to understand its role as a potential vector of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lounnas
- MIVEGEC, UMR UM – CNRS 5290 – IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - A.C. Correa
- MIVEGEC, UMR UM – CNRS 5290 – IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - P. Alda
- MIVEGEC, UMR UM – CNRS 5290 – IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan No. 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. David
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d’Evolution, UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - M.-P. Dubois
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d’Evolution, UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - M. Calvopiña
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Y. Caron
- Research Unit in Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | | | - B.T. Dung
- Research Unit in Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - P. Jarne
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d’Evolution, UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - E.S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - O. Noya
- Centro para Estudios Sobre Malaria, Instituto de Altos Estudios “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón” – Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel” del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud y Sección de Biohelmintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - R. Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- CIZ, Universidad Central de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C. Toty
- MIVEGEC, UMR UM – CNRS 5290 – IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - N. Uribe
- Escuela de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - J.-P. Pointier
- USR 3278 CNRS–EPHE, CRIOBE Université de Perpignan, 68860 Perpignan-CEDEX, France
| | - S. Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, UMR UM – CNRS 5290 – IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
- Département de Biologie–Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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8
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Alda P, Lounnas M, Vázquez AA, Ayaqui R, Calvopiña M, Celi-Erazo M, Dillon RT, Jarne P, Loker ES, Muñiz Pareja FC, Muzzio-Aroca J, Nárvaez AO, Noya O, Robles LM, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R, Uribe N, David P, Pointier JP, Hurtrez-Boussès S. A new multiplex PCR assay to distinguish among three cryptic Galba species, intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2018; 251:101-105. [PMID: 29426464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A molecular tool described here allows in one step for specific discrimination among three cryptic freshwater snail species (genus Galba) involved in fasciolosis transmission, a worldwide infectious disease of humans and livestock. The multiplex PCR approach taken targets for each species a distinctive, known microsatellite locus which is amplified using specific primers designed to generate an amplicon of a distinctive size that can be readily separated from the amplicons of the other two species on an agarose gel. In this way, the three Galba species (G. cubensis, G. schirazensis, and G. truncatula) can be differentiated from one another, including even if DNA from all three were present in the same reaction. The accuracy of this new molecular tool was tested and validated by comparing multiplex PCR results with species identification based on sequences at mitochondrial and nuclear markers. This new method is accurate, inexpensive, simple, rapid, and can be adapted to handle large sample sizes. It will be helpful for monitoring invasion of Galba species and for developing strategies to limit the snail species involved in the emergence or re-emergence of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alda
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados I, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan No. 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Manon Lounnas
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Alejandro Vázquez
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Malacology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Autopista Novia del Mediodía km 6, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Ayaqui
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Peru
| | - Manuel Calvopiña
- Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad De Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maritza Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis - CIZ, Universidad Central de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Robert T Dillon
- Freshwater Gastropods of North America Project, Charleston, SC, 29407, USA
| | - Philippe Jarne
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d'Evolution, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131, USA
| | | | - Jenny Muzzio-Aroca
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSPI, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Orlando Nárvaez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública INSPI, Guayaquil, Ecuador; Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Oscar Noya
- Sección de Biohelmintiasis, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro para Estudios Sobre Malaria, Instituto de Altos Estudios "Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón"-Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Richar Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis - CIZ, Universidad Central de Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nelson Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología Molecular (GIEM), Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Patrice David
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et d'Evolution, UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pointier
- PSL Research University, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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9
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Correa AC, De Meeûs T, Dreyfuss G, Rondelaud D, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Galba truncatula and Fasciola hepatica: Genetic costructures and interactions with intermediate host dispersal. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:186-194. [PMID: 28917540 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic interactions between hosts and parasites are key structuring forces in natural populations. Demographic factors like extinction, migration and the effective population size shape host-parasite metapopulational dynamics. Therefore, to understand the evolution of host-parasite systems it is necessary to study the distribution of the genetic variation of both entities simultaneously. In this paper, we investigate the population genetics co-structure of parasites and hosts within a metapopulation of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, and two of its intermediate hosts, the main intermediate host in Europe, Galba truncatula, and a new intermediate host, Omphiscola glabra, in Central France. Our results reveal an absence of specificity of flukes as regard to the two alternative hosts though O. glabra shows higher prevalence of F. hepatica. Host and parasites displayed contrasting population genetics structure with very small, highly inbred (selfing) and strongly isolated G. truncatula populations and much bigger, panmictic and more dispersive F. hepatica. This could indicate a local adaptation of the parasite and a local maladaptation of the host. We also unveil a parasite-mediated biased population genetics structure suggesting that infected G. truncatula disperse more; have higher dispersal survival than uninfected snails or, more likely, that immigrant snails are infected more often than local snails (local parasites are less adapted to local hosts). Finally, an absence, or at least an ambiguous signature of isolation by distance was observed in both host and parasite population. A very weak migration rate for G. truncatula provides a reasonable explanation for this ambiguous result. Alternatively, smaller sample sizes combined with modest migration rates might explain the difficulties to unveil the signal in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Correa
- Mivegec UMR UM, CNRS 5290 - IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry De Meeûs
- IRD, UMR Interactions hôtes - vecteurs - parasites dans les infections par des trypanosomatidae - (Intertryp) UMR IRD 177, CIRAD 17, TA A-17/G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Gilles Dreyfuss
- Inserm 1094, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Limoges, 2 Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Daniel Rondelaud
- Inserm 1094, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Limoges, 2 Rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- Mivegec UMR UM, CNRS 5290 - IRD 224 Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Centre IRD, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Département de Biologie-Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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10
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Giannakara A, Ramm SA. Self-fertilization, sex allocation and spermatogenesis kinetics in the hypodermically inseminating flatworm Macrostomum pusillum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1568-1577. [PMID: 28183866 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.149682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The free-living flatworm genus Macrostomum is an emerging model system for studying the links between sex allocation, sexual selection and mating system evolution, as well as the underlying developmental and physiological mechanisms responsible for wide intra- and inter-specific variability in reproductive phenotypes. Despite compelling comparative morphological evidence of sexual diversity, detailed experimental work on reproductive behaviour and physiology in Macrostomum has so far been largely limited to just two species, M. lignano and M. hystrix, an obligate and a preferential outcrosser, respectively. In this study, we establish that a third species, M. pusillum, exhibits a combination of reproductive traits strikingly different from both of its congeners. Unlike M. lignano, we demonstrate that M. pusillum does not adjust sex allocation or the speed of spermatogenesis to the prevailing social group size. Macrostomumpusillum's relatively simple sperm morphology likely explains the short spermatogenesis duration we report, and is linked to a hypodermically inseminating mode of fertilization, which we show also means that these worms are capable of self-fertilization. Surprisingly, and unlike M. hystrix, selfing in isolated worms commences after only a short (if any) delay compared with the onset of reproduction in grouped individuals, with little evidence of differential inbreeding depression in 'isolated' progeny. These combined results suggest that, in nature, M. pusillum may be regularly selfing, in contrast to the congeners studied to date. Our findings highlight the rapid and correlated evolution of reproductive traits, and reinforce the utility of the genus Macrostomum for understanding the evolutionary and developmental mechanisms responsible for this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Giannakara
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
| | - Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, Bielefeld 33615, Germany
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11
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Burgarella C, Gayral P, Ballenghien M, Bernard A, David P, Jarne P, Correa A, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Escobar J, Galtier N, Glémin S. Molecular Evolution of Freshwater Snails with Contrasting Mating Systems. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2403-16. [PMID: 25980005 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Because mating systems affect population genetics and ecology, they are expected to impact the molecular evolution of species. Self-fertilizing species experience reduced effective population size, recombination rates, and heterozygosity, which in turn should decrease the efficacy of natural selection, both adaptive and purifying, and the strength of meiotic drive processes such as GC-biased gene conversion. The empirical evidence is only partly congruent with these predictions, depending on the analyzed species, some, but not all, of the expected effects have been observed. One possible reason is that self-fertilization is an evolutionary dead-end, so that most current selfers recently evolved self-fertilization, and their genome has not yet been strongly impacted by selfing. Here, we investigate the molecular evolution of two groups of freshwater snails in which mating systems have likely been stable for several millions of years. Analyzing coding sequence polymorphism, divergence, and expression levels, we report a strongly reduced genetic diversity, decreased efficacy of purifying selection, slower rate of adaptive evolution, and weakened codon usage bias/GC-biased gene conversion in the selfer Galba compared with the outcrosser Physa, in full agreement with theoretical expectations. Our results demonstrate that self-fertilization, when effective in the long run, is a major driver of population genomic and molecular evolutionary processes. Despite the genomic effects of selfing, Galba truncatula seems to escape the demographic consequences of the genetic load. We suggest that the particular ecology of the species may buffer the negative consequences of selfing, shedding new light on the dead-end hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Burgarella
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gayral
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Ballenghien
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélien Bernard
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Ana Correa
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution, Contrôle), UMR (UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290-IRD224), IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution, Contrôle), UMR (UM1-UM2-CNRS 5290-IRD224), IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Escobar
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Galtier
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Glémin
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR, CNRS 5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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12
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Standley CJ, Prepelitchi L, Pietrokovsky SM, Issia L, Stothard JR, Wisnivesky-Colli C. Molecular characterization of cryptic and sympatric lymnaeid species from the Galba/Fossaria group in Mendoza Province, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:304. [PMID: 24499569 PMCID: PMC3816585 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater lymnaeid snails can act as the intermediate hosts for trematode parasites such as the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, that cause significant economic and biomedical burden worldwide, particularly through bovine fascioliasis. Transmission potential is tightly coupled to local compatibility with snail hosts, so accurate identification of lymnaeid species is crucial for understanding disease risk, especially when invasive species are encountered. Mendoza Province, in Argentina, is a center of livestock production and also an area of endemic fascioliasis transmission. However, the distribution of lymnaeid species in the region is not well known. Methods This study examined lymnaeid snails from seven localities in the Department of Malarguë, Mendoza Province, using morphological and molecular analyses and also describing ecological variables associated with snail presence. Results While morphological characters identified two species of lymnaeid, Galba truncatula and G. viatrix, molecular data revealed a third, cryptic species, G. neotropica, which was sympatric with G. viatrix. G. truncatula was exclusively found in high altitude (>1900 meters above sea level [masl]) sites, whereas mixed G. neotropica/G. viatrix localities were at middle elevations (1300–1900 masl), and G. viatrix was found alone at the lowest altitude sites (<1300 masl). Phylogenetic analysis using two mitochondrial markers revealed G. neotropica and G. viatrix to be closely related, and given their morphological similarities, their validities as separate taxonomic entities should be questioned. Conclusions This study highlights the need of a robust taxonomic framework for the identification of lymnaeid snails, incorporating molecular, morphological and ecological variables while avoiding nomenclature redundancy. As the three species observed here, including one alien invasive species, are considered hosts of varying susceptibility to Fasciola parasites, and given the economic importance of fascioliasis for livestock production, this research has critical importance for the ultimate aim of controlling disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Standley
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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13
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Growth rate of the intermediate snail host Galba truncatula influences redial development of the trematode Fascioloides magna. J Helminthol 2013; 88:427-33. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x13000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA total of 850 pre-adult Galba truncatula (shell height, 4 mm), originating from four French snail populations differing in shell height at the adult stage (from 6.5 to 12 mm), were individually subjected at 20°C to single-miracidium infections with Fascioloides magna. At day 75 post-exposure, the surviving snails were dissected, and rediae and cercariae were counted. Snail groups differed in shell growth during the experiment: from 1.8 ± 0.4 mm in group A up to 4.0 ± 1.1 mm in group D. The prevalence of F. magna infection, the numbers of free rediae and cercariae significantly increased together with increasing growth of infected snails during the experiment. Group A produced 1–6 first-generation rediae per snail and the mean daughter redia production ranged from 7.5 second-generation rediae (when a single first generation per snail developed) to 2.3 (6 first-generation rediae per snail). In contrast, up to ten first-generation rediae were noted in group D, and each mother redia gave daughter rediae with averages ranging from 1.5 (ten first-generation rediae per snail) to 13 (a single first generation per snail). In conclusion, the development of F. magna in G. truncatula exhibited both inter- and intrapopulation variability, where the development of rediae and cercariae was positively correlated with snail growth.
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14
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Correa AC, Escobar JS, Noya O, Velásquez LE, González-Ramírez C, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Pointier JP. Morphological and molecular characterization of Neotropic Lymnaeidae (Gastropoda: Lymnaeoidea), vectors of fasciolosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1978-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Lymnaea schirazensis, an overlooked snail distorting fascioliasis data: genotype, phenotype, ecology, worldwide spread, susceptibility, applicability. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24567. [PMID: 21980347 PMCID: PMC3183092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymnaeid snails transmit medical and veterinary important trematodiases, mainly fascioliasis. Vector specificity of fasciolid parasites defines disease distribution and characteristics. Different lymnaeid species appear linked to different transmission and epidemiological patterns. Pronounced susceptibility differences to absolute resistance have been described among lymnaeid populations. When assessing disease characteristics in different endemic areas, unexpected results were obtained in studies on lymnaeid susceptibility to Fasciola. We undertook studies to understand this disease transmission heterogeneity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A ten-year study in Iran, Egypt, Spain, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru, demonstrated that such heterogeneity is not due to susceptibility differences, but to a hitherto overlooked cryptic species, Lymnaea schirazensis, confused with the main vector Galba truncatula and/or other Galba/Fossaria vectors. Nuclear rDNA and mtDNA sequences and phylogenetic reconstruction highlighted an old evolutionary divergence from other Galba/Fossaria species, and a low intraspecific variability suggesting a recent spread from one geographical source. Morphometry, anatomy and egg cluster analyses allowed for phenotypic differentiation. Selfing, egg laying, and habitat characteristics indicated a migration capacity by passive transport. Studies showed that it is not a vector species (n = 8572 field collected, 20 populations): snail finding and penetration by F. hepatica miracidium occur but never lead to cercarial production (n = 338 experimentally infected). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This species has been distorting fasciolid specificity/susceptibility and fascioliasis geographical distribution data. Hence, a large body of literature on G. truncatula should be revised. Its existence has henceforth to be considered in research. Genetic data on livestock, archeology and history along the 10,000-year post-domestication period explain its wide spread from the Neolithic Fertile Crescent. It is an efficient biomarker for the follow-up of livestock movements, a crucial aspect in fascioliasis emergence. It offers an outstanding laboratory model for genetic studies on susceptibility/resistance in F. hepatica/lymnaeid interaction, a field of applied research with disease control perspectives.
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16
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Golubev AP, Bodilovskaya OA, Slesareva LE. Alternative modes of reproduction in populations of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) as a factor of temperature adaptation. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2011; 438:175-8. [PMID: 21728131 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496611030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Golubev
- International Sakharov Environmental University, ul. Dolgobrodskaya 23, Minsk, 220070, Belarus
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17
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Johnson CH. Effects of selfing on offspring survival and reproduction in a colonial simultaneous hermaphrodite (Bugula stolonifera, Bryozoa). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2010; 219:27-37. [PMID: 20813987 DOI: 10.1086/bblv219n1p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the consequences of selfing in simultaneous hermaphrodites requires investigating potential deleterious effects on fitness at all stages of life. In this study, I examined the effects of selfing throughout the life cycle of the marine bryozoan Bugula stolonifera, a colonial simultaneous hermaphrodite. In 2008, larvae from field-collected colonies were cultured through metamorphosis to reproductively mature colonies either in the presence of one other colony, the paired treatment, or alone, the solitary treatment. Results demonstrated that selfing in this species is possible, in that colonies in the solitary treatment produced viable larvae that successfully completed metamorphosis. On average, however, these colonies released significantly fewer larvae, which experienced reduced rates of metamorphic initiation and completion compared to the paired treatment. These experiments were extended in 2009, when metamorphs from colonies reared in the solitary (n = 58) and paired (n = 61) treatments were transferred to the field for growth to reproductive maturity and then brought back to the laboratory for larval collection. Results revealed additional deleterious effects associated with selfing, as no viable larvae were recovered from colonies deriving from the solitary treatment. In contrast, offspring from the paired treatment released 1030 larvae and 99% initiated metamorphosis, 97% of which completed metamorphosis. Overall, selfed larvae not only had significantly decreased chances of survival, but those that did survive did not successfully reproduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin H Johnson
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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18
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Hydrographic network structure and population genetic differentiation in a vector of fasciolosis, Galba truncatula. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:178-83. [PMID: 20085826 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Revised: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a preliminary analysis on the relationships between drainage basin structure and genetic structure of populations of the European vector of fasciolosis, Galba truncatula. In the study area, 251 snails belonging to 12 populations were collected along different ditches of a same river network. Each snail was genotyped at six variable microsatellite loci. Our results show that all sample sites are characterized by a low level of polymorphism and a very high and significant heterozygote deficiency. Our data reveal a significant genetic differentiation, even at a small scale, and failed to delimit clear patterns of isolation by euclidian distance. Our study shows that genetic differentiation significantly increases with hydrographic distance along the streams (p<0.002), in consistence with the hypothesis that dispersion along the stream is dependent on the direction of water flow. This study shows that relationships can exist between the organization of the hydrological network and population biology of a disease vector, which has strong potential applications to drainage network management issues.
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Lagadic L, Coutellec MA, Caquet T. Endocrine disruption in aquatic pulmonate molluscs: few evidences, many challenges. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:45-59. [PMID: 17235673 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As compared to other groups of aquatic gastropods, documented examples of endocrine disruption in pulmonates are rather limited. This is quite surprising because the endocrine control of physiological functions has been extensively studied in these animals. In the model-species Lymnaea stagnalis, the neurohormonal regulation of reproduction has been thoroughly investigated, and the primary structure of several peptides and receptors involved in endocrine processes has been established. However, the use of this knowledge has been fairly limited in the context of ecotoxicology, to investigate the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The present review summarizes the main and more recent findings on the neuroendocrine control of reproduction in aquatic pulmonate snails (Basommatophora). It then comprehensively describes selected in vivo laboratory and semi-field studies which provide evidence for possible endocrine disrupting effects of estrogenic and androgenic test compounds [e.g., ethynylestradiol, methyltestosterone (MT)], and of environmental contaminants [e.g., cadmium (Cd), tributyltin (TBT), and nonylphenol (NP), pesticides]. Finally, challenging perspectives for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagadic
- UMR985 INRA-Agrocampus Ecobiologie et Qualité des Hydrosystèmes Continentaux, Equipe Ecotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux aquatiques, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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20
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Cardoso PCM, Caldeira RL, Lovato MB, Coelho PMZ, Berne MEA, Müller G, Carvalho ODS. Genetic variability of Brazilian populations of Lymnaea columella (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea). Acta Trop 2006; 97:339-45. [PMID: 16469288 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, Lymnaea columella is the most important intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, the etiological agent of fasciolosis, which is a parasitic disease of veterinarian and human importance. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic variability within and among nine Brazilian populations of L. columella comprising 205 individuals. A number of four primers were used for analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Out of 83 RAPD markers, 63 (76%) were polymorphic and revealed 119 unique RAPD profiles. The levels of genetic variability found in the populations were low and most of the genetic variation was interpopulational (81.6%) when compared to intrapopulational variability (18.4%). These results are in accordance with the dynamics and distribution of the populations analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Marques Cardoso
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Laboratório de Helmintoses Intestinais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, Barro Preto MG 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Hurtrez-Boussès S, Pendino A, Barnabé C, Durand P, Rondelaud D, Durand C, Meunier C, Hurtrez JE, Renaud F. Comparison between shell morphology and genetic diversity in two sympatric lymnaeid snails, vectors of fasciolosis. CAN J ZOOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/z05-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Species determination of freshwater snails is particularly important in the case of disease vectors. In central France, for example, it has been shown that Galba truncatula (Müller, 1774) and Omphiscola glabra (Müller, 1774), which can be found in sympatry, are intermediate hosts for fasciolosis. Although these two species are distinguishable based on their shell morphology, some snails present in sympatric zones possess shell characteristics that are common to both species, suggesting possible gene flow. To test this hypothesis, we carried out multilocus enzyme electrophoreses on individuals sampled in one zone of sympatry. Our results clearly show that all snails with shell characteristics common to both species are O. glabra. We also note an absence of hybridization between G. truncatula and O. glabra in the study area. Remarkably, we observe a total monomorphism at the six studied loci among individuals of G. truncatula. Similarly, we find a total lack of heterozygotes in the O. glabra sample (with classic or intermediate shell characteristics). These results suggest a predominance of selfing in the reproductive mode of both species. Our results suggest that conchological characteristics can provide information about the taxonomic position of lymnaeids. However, they are insufficient to confidently differentiate species.
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Henry PY, Bousset L, Sourrouille P, Jarne P. Partial selfing, ecological disturbance and reproductive assurance in an invasive freshwater snail. Heredity (Edinb) 2005; 95:428-36. [PMID: 16175196 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reproductive assurance (RA) might play a central role in the evolution of the selfing rate, this hypothesis has never been seriously investigated in an hermaphroditic animal. We studied the mating system of the freshwater snail Physa acuta in which the availability of mating partners might be highly variable, because this species is an efficient colonizer occupying unstable habitats. A total of 11 populations differing in ecological disturbance regime (water level, openness) and snail densities were monitored over 2 years. The outcrossing rate was estimated in ca 10 families per population using microsatellite markers and the progeny-array approach. Components of fecundity and survival were recorded for each progeny. Predominant outcrossing (t(m)=0.94) was detected, with a few individuals (4%) purely selfing. The outcrossing rate did not explain among-family variation in fitness components. None of the predictions formulated under the RA hypothesis were verified: (i) selfing was related neither to disturbed habitats, nor to temporal density fluctuations, (ii) it was positively related to population density, (iii) it co-occurred with multiple paternity, and (iv) it did not induce delayed reproduction. Explanations for these negative results are discussed in light of other arguments supporting the RA hypothesis in P. acuta, as well as alternative theories explaining the occurrence of partial selfing, as either a genetically fixed or plastic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Henry
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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Trouve S, Degen L, Goudet J. Ecological components and evolution of selfing in the freshwater snail Galba truncatula. J Evol Biol 2005; 18:358-70. [PMID: 15715842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive assurance hypothesis emphasizes that self-fertilization should evolve in species with reduced dispersal capability, low population size or experiencing recurrent bottlenecks. Our work investigates the ecological components of the habitats colonized by the snail, Galba truncatula, that may influence the evolution of selfing. Galba truncatula is a preferential selfer inhabiting freshwater habitats, which vary with respect to the degree of permanence. We considered with a population genetic approach the spatial and the temporal degree of isolation of populations of G. truncatula. We showed that patches at distances of only a few meters are highly structured. The effective population sizes appear quite low, in the order of 10 individuals or less. This study indicates that individuals of the species G. truncatula are likely to be alone in a site and have a low probability of finding a partner from a nearby site to reproduce. These results emphasize the advantage of selfing in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trouve
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biology Building, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Meunier C, Hurtrez-Bousses S, Durand P, Rondelaud D, Renaud F. Small effective population sizes in a widespread selfing species, Lymnaea truncatula (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Mol Ecol 2004; 13:2535-43. [PMID: 15315668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present here a spatial and temporal population genetic survey of a common freshwater snail, also a predominantly selfing species, Lymnaea truncatula. The rate of genetic diversity loss was quantified by estimating the effective size (Ne) of the snail populations, using two different methods. A temporal survey allowed estimation of a variance effective size of the populations, and a spatial survey allowed the estimation of an inbreeding effective size, from two-locus identity disequilibria estimates. Both methods were consistent and provided low Ne values. Drift due to (i) high amounts of selfing and (ii) fluctuations in population sizes because of temporary habitats, and also selection coupled to genome-wide linkage disequilibria, could explain such reductions in Ne. The loss of genetic diversity appears to be counterbalanced only very partially by low apparent rates of gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meunier
- Centre d'Etude sur le Polymorphisme des Micro-organismes (UMR CNRS-IRD 9926), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.
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