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O'Neill D, Häkkinen H, Neumann J, Shaffrey L, Cheffings C, Norris K, Pettorelli N. Investigating the potential of social media and citizen science data to track changes in species' distributions. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10063. [PMID: 37168983 PMCID: PMC10166650 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
How to best track species as they rapidly alter their distributions in response to climate change has become a key scientific priority. Information on species distributions is derived from biological records, which tend to be primarily sourced from traditional recording schemes, but increasingly also by citizen science initiatives and social media platforms, with biological recording having become more accessible to the general public. To date, however, our understanding of the respective potential of social media and citizen science to complement the information gathered by traditional recording schemes remains limited, particularly when it comes to tracking species on the move with climate change. To address this gap, we investigated how species occurrence observations vary between different sources and to what extent traditional, citizen science, and social media records are complementary, using the Banded Demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) in Britain as a case study. Banded Demoiselle occurrences were extracted from citizen science initiatives (iRecord and iNaturalist) and social media platforms (Facebook, Flickr, and Twitter), and compared with traditional records primarily sourced from the British Dragonfly Society. Our results showed that species presence maps differ between record types, with 61% of the citizen science, 58% of the traditional, and 49% of the social media observations being unique to that data type. Banded Demoiselle habitat suitability maps differed most according to traditional and social media projections, with traditional and citizen science being the most consistent. We conclude that (i) social media records provide insights into the Banded Demoiselle distribution and habitat preference that are different from, and complementary to, the insights gathered from traditional recording schemes and citizen science initiatives; (ii) predicted habitat suitability maps that ignore information from social media records can substantially underestimate (by over 3500 km2 in the case of the Banded Demoiselle) potential suitable habitat availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy O'Neill
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Henry Häkkinen
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jessica Neumann
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Len Shaffrey
- National Centre for Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Szabó LJ, Vajda C, Szalay PÉ, Kis O, Miskolczi M, Dévai G. Change of morphometric and allometric patterns on wings of banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) males in case of ecologically different watercourse types. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2022. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.68.1.99.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nature, larvae living in watercourses are exposed to a complex system of environmental influences. It is known that different watercourse types (creeks, brooks, streams, little rivers and medial rivers) provide different conditions for larval development (water depth, flow rate, temperature, oxygen content, substrate type, nutrient supply, etc.). These conditions can vary significantly between watercourse types, but be very similar within types. In this work, we examined the body sizes and wing morphometric characteristics of males of Calopteryx splendens reared from different watercourse types (brook, stream, creek, little river, medial river). Although there were no significant differences in body size among watercourse types, we found significant differences in the wing features. We found the most differences between the individuals reared from streams and creeks and between the individuals reared from stream and medial river. Our results show that the individuals reared from different watercourse types were clearly separated on the two wings. The results also suggest that there are significant differences in the number and pattern of allometric features on the wings of individuals reared from different watercourse types.
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Siepielski AM, Gómez-Llano M, McPeek MA. Environmental Conditions during Development Affect Sexual Selection through Trait-Fitness Relationships. Am Nat 2022; 199:34-50. [DOI: 10.1086/717294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Viitaniemi HM, Leder EH, Suhonen J. Influence of Interspecific Interference Competition on the Genetic Structure of Calopteryx splendens Populations. ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.059.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica H. Leder
- Department of Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
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6
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Abstract
Climate change affects organisms worldwide with profound ecological and evolutionary consequences, often increasing population extinction risk. Climatic factors can increase the strength, variability, or direction of natural selection on phenotypic traits, potentially driving adaptive evolution. Phenotypic plasticity in relation to temperature can allow organisms to maintain fitness in response to increasing temperatures, thereby "buying time" for subsequent genetic adaptation and promoting evolutionary rescue. Although many studies have shown that organisms respond plastically to increasing temperatures, it is unclear if such thermal plasticity is adaptive. Moreover, we know little about how natural and sexual selection operate on thermal reaction norms, reflecting such plasticity. Here, we investigate how natural and sexual selection shape phenotypic plasticity in two congeneric and phenotypically similar sympatric insect species. We show that the thermal optima for longevity and mating success differ, suggesting temperature-dependent trade-offs between survival and reproduction in both sexes. Males in these species have similar thermal reaction norm slopes but have diverged in baseline body temperature (intercepts), being higher for the more northern species. Natural selection favored reduced thermal reaction norm slopes at high ambient temperatures, suggesting that the current level of thermal plasticity is maladaptive in the context of anthropogenic climate change and that selection now promotes thermal canalization and robustness. Our results show that ectothermic animals also at high latitudes can suffer from overheating and challenge the common view of phenotypic plasticity as being beneficial in harsh and novel environments.
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Outomuro D, Urhan AU, Brodin A, Johansson F. Preference for supernormal stimuli tends to override initially learned associations for conspicuous prey traits: implications from a laboratory study. J ETHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-020-00661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHow predators select on conspicuous prey traits is not well understood. We used a laboratory setup to investigate the role of learning in predator choice of conspicuous visual traits. We used a generalist predator, the great tit, and coloured wings of males of two species of damselflies as prey. Wing pigmentation differs between the species in colour (green vs. blue) and size (large vs. small). Wing pigmentation is a sexually selected trait that experiences negative selection by avian predators. Inexperienced great tits showed no preference for the colour or the size of wing pigmentation. Great tits were then repeatedly exposed to rewarded wings with either large or small wing patch size. When these experienced birds were exposed to both wing patch sizes for the first time, they tended to prefer the wings with the large patch, irrespective of their previous experience. Our results suggest that the choice of the predator was based on an initial association of the trait to a reward followed by a preference for a supernormal stimulus, probably due to a larger sensory stimulation. We discuss the implications of our laboratory results in the light of previous estimates of damselfly predation risk under field conditions.
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Vega-Sánchez YM, Mendoza-Cuenca LF, González-Rodríguez A. Complex evolutionary history of the American Rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana (Odonata): Evidence of cryptic speciation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106536. [PMID: 31212083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the magnitude and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations allows for hypothesis testing about historical demographic size changes, secondary contacts, refugia, and speciation patterns. Species distribution and genetic structure are greatly influenced by the complex life cycle and behavior of odonates. Hetaerina americana has been widely used as a model system in behavioral studies, but its population genetic structure has not been analyzed, except for a single study that included only three populations but identified the presence of markedly differentiated genetic groups, suggesting the existence of cryptic species. Here, we tested this hypothesis by assessing throughout the distribution range of H. americana the patterns of genetic and morphological variation in the male caudal appendages, due to the great importance of these structures in mate recognition. As molecular markers we used sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, as well as six nuclear microsatellites. We found very high population genetic differentiation (ΦST > 0.51) in the three sets of markers but with strong mitonuclear discordance. A neutrality test suggested that the mitochondrial genome might be under purifying selection in association to climatic variables (temperature seasonality). The assignment of individuals to nuclear genetic groups showed little admixture and complete congruence with morphological differentiation in the male caudal appendages. Hence, the results suggest that H. americana represents at least two different cryptic species which are isolated reproductively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Margarita Vega-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro #8701, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Mexico.
| | - Luis Felipe Mendoza-Cuenca
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Múgica, Morelia, Michoacán 58030. Mexico
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro #8701, Morelia, Michoacán 58190, Mexico.
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Satomi D, Koshio C, Tatsuta H, Kudo S, Takami Y. Latitudinal variation and coevolutionary diversification of sexually dimorphic traits in the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4949-4957. [PMID: 31031956 PMCID: PMC6476772 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual traits are subject to evolutionary forces that maximize reproductive benefits and minimize survival costs, both of which can depend on environmental conditions. Latitude explains substantial variation in environmental conditions. However, little is known about the relationship between sexual trait variation and latitude, although body size often correlates with latitude. We examined latitudinal variation in male and female sexual traits in 22 populations of the false blister beetle Oedemera sexualis in the Japanese Archipelago. Males possess massive hind legs that function as a female-grasping apparatus, while females possess slender hind legs that are used to dislodge mounting males. Morphometric analyses revealed that male and female body size (elytron length), length and width of the hind femur and tibia, and allometric slopes of these four hind leg dimensions differed significantly among populations. Of these, three traits showed latitudinal variation, namely, male hind femur was stouter; female hind tibia was slenderer, and female body was smaller at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. Hind leg sizes and shapes, as measured by principal component analysis of these four hind leg dimensions in each sex, covaried significantly between sexes, suggesting coevolutionary diversification in sexual traits. Covariation between sexes was weaker when variation in these traits with latitude was removed. These results suggest that coevolutionary diversification between male and female sexual traits is mediated by environmental conditions that vary with latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Satomi
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Chiharu Koshio
- Department of BiologyNaruto University of EducationTokushimaJapan
| | - Haruki Tatsuta
- Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Shin‐ichi Kudo
- Department of BiologyNaruto University of EducationTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobeJapan
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Liu D, Dai P, Li S, Ahmed SS, Shang Z, Shi X. Life-history responses of insects to water-deficit stress: a case study with the aphid Sitobion avenae. BMC Ecol 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 29843697 PMCID: PMC5975275 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-018-0173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drought may become one of the greatest challenges for cereal production under future warming scenarios, and its impact on insect pest outbreaks is still controversial. To address this issue, life-history responses of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), from three areas of different drought levels were compared under three water treatments. Results Significant differences were identified in developmental time, fecundity and adult weight among S. avenae clones from moist, semiarid and arid areas under all the three water treatments. Semiarid and arid area clones tended to have higher heritability for test life-history traits than moist area clones. We identified significant selection of water-deficit on the developmental time of 1st instar nymphs and adult weight for both semiarid and arid area clones. The impact of intermediate and severe water-stress on S. avenae’s fitness was neutral and negative (e.g., decreased fecundity and weight), respectively. Compared with arid-area clones, moist- and semiarid-area clones showed higher extents of adaptation to the water-deficit level of their respective source environment. Adult weight was identified as a good indicator for S. avenae’s adaptation potential under different water-stress conditions. After their exposure to intermediate water-deficit stress for only five generations, adult weight and fecundity tended to decrease for moist- and semiarid-area clones, but increase for arid-area clones. Conclusions It is evident from our study that S. avenae clones from moist, semiarid and arid areas have diverged under different water-deficit stress, and such divergence could have a genetic basis. The impact of drought on S. avenae’s fitness showed a water-level dependent pattern. Clones of S. avenae were more likely to become adapted to intermediate water-deficit stress than severe water-deficit stress. After continuous water-deficit stress of only five generations, the adaptation potential of S. avenae tended to decrease for moist and semiarid area clones, but increase for arid area clones. The rapid shift of aphids’ life-history traits and adaptation potential under drought could have significant implications for their evolutionary dynamics and outbreak risks in future climate change scenarios. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0173-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Peng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Syed Suhail Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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11
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Moore MP, Martin RA. Trade-offs between larval survival and adult ornament development depend on predator regime in a territorial dragonfly. Oecologia 2018; 188:97-106. [PMID: 29808358 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs between juvenile survival and the development of sexually selected traits can cause ontogenetic conflict between life stages that constrains adaptive evolution. However, the potential for ecological interactions to alter the presence or strength of these trade-offs remains largely unexplored. Antagonistic selection over the accumulation and storage of resources could be one common cause of environment-specific trade-offs between life stages: higher condition may simultaneously enhance adult ornament development and increase juvenile vulnerability to predators. We tested this hypothesis in an ornamented dragonfly (Pachydiplax longipennis). Higher larval body condition indeed enhanced the initial development of its intrasexually selected wing coloration, but was opposed by viability selection in the presence of large aeshnid predators. In contrast, viability selection did not oppose larval body condition in pools when aeshnids were absent, and was not affected when we manipulated cannibalism risk. Trade-offs between larval survival and ornament development, mediated through the conflicting effects of body condition, therefore occurred only under high predation risk. We additionally characterized how body condition influences several traits associated with predator avoidance. Although body condition did not affect burst distance, it did increase larval abdomen size, potentially making larvae easier targets for aeshnid predators. As high body condition similarly increases vulnerability to predators in many other animals, predator-mediated costs of juvenile resource accumulation could be a common, environment-specific limitation on the elaboration of sexually selected traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Moore
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ryan A Martin
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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12
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Svensson EI, Gómez-Llano MA, Torres AR, Bensch HM. Frequency Dependence and Ecological Drift Shape Coexistence of Species with Similar Niches. Am Nat 2018; 191:691-703. [PMID: 29750557 DOI: 10.1086/697201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of ecologically similar species might be counteracted by ecological drift and demographic stochasticity, both of which erode local diversity. With niche differentiation, species can be maintained through performance trade-offs between environments, but trade-offs are difficult to invoke for species with similar ecological niches. Such similar species might then go locally extinct due to stochastic ecological drift, but there is little empirical evidence for such processes. Previous studies have relied on biogeographical surveys and inferred process from pattern, while experimental field investigations of ecological drift are rare. Mechanisms preserving local species diversity, such as frequency dependence (e.g., rare-species advantages), can oppose local ecological drift, but the combined effects of ecological drift and such counteracting forces have seldom been investigated. Here, we investigate mechanisms between coexistence of ecologically similar but strongly sexually differentiated damselfly species (Calopteryx virgo and Calopteryx splendens). Combining field surveys, behavioral observations, experimental manipulations of species frequencies and densities, and simulation modeling, we demonstrate that species coexistence is shaped by the opposing forces of ecological drift and negative frequency dependence (rare-species advantage), generated by interference competition. Stochastic and deterministic processes therefore jointly shape coexistence. The role of negative frequency dependence in delaying the loss of ecologically similar species, such as those formed by sexual selection, should therefore be considered in community assembly, macroecology, macroevolution, and biogeography.
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Gomez-Llano MA, Bensch HM, Svensson EI. Sexual conflict and ecology: Species composition and male density interact to reduce male mating harassment and increase female survival. Evolution 2018; 72:906-915. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gomez-Llano
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; United Kingdom
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Hanna M. Bensch
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; Sweden
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Waller JT, Svensson EI. Body size evolution in an old insect order: No evidence for Cope's Rule in spite of fitness benefits of large size. Evolution 2017; 71:2178-2193. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
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15
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Svensson EI, Nordén A, Waller JT, Runemark A. Linking intra- and interspecific assortative mating: Consequences for asymmetric sexual isolation. Evolution 2016; 70:1165-79. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Nordén
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - John T. Waller
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology; Lund University; SE-223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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Comparison of fitness traits and their plasticity on multiple plants for Sitobion avenae infected and cured of a secondary endosymbiont. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23177. [PMID: 26979151 PMCID: PMC4793262 DOI: 10.1038/srep23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiella insecticola has been found to enhance the performance of host aphids on certain plants, but its functional role in adaptation of host aphids to plants is still controversial. Here we evaluate the impacts of R. insecticola infections on vital life-history traits of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and their underlying genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity on three plants. It was shown that effects of R. insecticola on S. avenae’s fitness (i.e., developmental time and fecundity) were neutral on oat or wheat, but negative on rye. Infections of R. insecticola modified genetic variation that underlies S. avenae’s life-history traits. This was demonstrated by comparing life-history trait heritabilities between aphid lines with and without R. insecticola. Moreover, there were enhanced negative genetic correlations between developmental time and fecundity for R. insecticola infected lines, and structural differences in G-matrices of life-history traits for the two types of aphid lines. In R. insecticola-infected aphid lines, there were increases in plasticities for developmental times of first and second instar nymphs and for fecundity, showing novel functional roles of bacterial symbionts in plant-insect interactions. The identified effects of R. insecticola infections could have significant implications for the ecology and evolution of its host populations in natural conditions.
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Dai P, Liu D, Shi X. Impacts of Water Deficiency on Life History of Sitobion avenae Clones From Semi-arid and Moist Areas. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 108:2250-2258. [PMID: 26453713 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The climate warming trend appears to be evident with an increasing frequency of drought events in Shaanxi Province of China, which may have contributed to an increase in outbreaks of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). To explore the potential effects of water-deficit stress on aphid outbreak risks, clones of S. avenae were collected from semi-arid and moist areas of Shaanxi. The life histories of collected clones were then compared on wheat under well-watered and moderately water-stressed conditions in the laboratory. Our results demonstrated that semi-arid area clones of S. avenae had longer developmental times, shorter reproductive times, lower fecundities, and lower net reproductive rates compared with moist area clones. Age-specific reproductive rates of moist area clones tended to be higher than those of semi-arid area clones. Significant differences between semi-arid and moist area clones were found for the survival functions when tested under water-stressed conditions, and semi-arid area clones tended to have a lower survival rate than moist area clones throughout their lives. "Population origin" (i.e., semi-arid and moist area clones) and "clone" together explained 62.74-96.56% of the total variance of tested life-history traits, suggesting the genetic basis for differentiation of clones from both areas. Significant differences in correlations, and selection differentials and gradients of life-history traits were also found between clones from both areas, providing further evidence of genetic basis for the life-history differentiation between them. Divergence between clones from both areas and its implications for S. avenae outbreaks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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18
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Svensson EI, Runemark A, Verzijden MN, Wellenreuther M. Sex differences in developmental plasticity and canalization shape population divergence in mate preferences. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1636. [PMID: 25377451 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection of high-quality mates can conflict with species recognition if traits that govern intraspecific mate preferences also influence interspecific recognition. This conflict might be resolved by developmental plasticity and learned mate preferences, which could drive preference divergence in populations that differ in local species composition. We integrate field and laboratory experiments on two calopterygid damselfly species with population genetic data to investigate how sex differences in developmental plasticity affect population divergence in the face of gene flow. Whereas male species recognition is fixed at emergence, females instead learn to recognize heterospecifics. Females are therefore more plastic in their mate preferences than males. We suggest that this results from sex differences in the balance between sexual selection for high-quality mates and selection for species recognition. As a result of these sex differences, females develop more pronounced population divergence in their mate preferences compared with males. Local ecological community context and presence of heterospecifics in combination with sex differences in plasticity and canalization therefore shape population divergence in mate preferences. As ongoing environmental change and habitat fragmentation bring formerly allopatric species into secondary contact, developmental plasticity of mate preferences in either or both sexes might facilitate coexistence and prevent local species extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Machteld N Verzijden
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
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Hamid H, Yusoff M, Liu M, Karim M. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory constituents of Tinospora crispa: Isolation and chemical profile confirmation by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Wellenreuther M, Sánchez-Guillén RA. Nonadaptive radiation in damselflies. Evol Appl 2015; 9:103-18. [PMID: 27087842 PMCID: PMC4780385 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiations have long served as living libraries to study the build‐up of species richness; however, they do not provide good models for radiations that exhibit negligible adaptive disparity. Here, we review work on damselflies to argue that nonadaptive mechanisms were predominant in the radiation of this group and have driven species divergence through sexual selection arising from male–female mating interactions. Three damselfly genera (Calopteryx,Enallagma and Ischnura) are highlighted and the extent of (i) adaptive ecological divergence in niche use and (ii) nonadaptive differentiation in characters associated with reproduction (e.g. sexual morphology and behaviours) was evaluated. We demonstrate that species diversification in the genus Calopteryx is caused by nonadaptive divergence in coloration and behaviour affecting premating isolation, and structural differentiation in reproductive morphology affecting postmating isolation. Similarly, the vast majority of diversification events in the sister genera Enallagma and Ischnura are entirely driven by differentiation in genital structures used in species recognition. The finding that closely related species can show negligible ecological differences yet are completely reproductively isolated suggests that the evolution of reproductive isolation can be uncoupled from niche‐based divergent natural selection, challenging traditional niche models of species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department Lund University Lund Sweden; Plant and Food Research Limited Nelson New Zealand
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21
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Outomuro D, Johansson F. Bird predation selects for wing shape and coloration in a damselfly. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:791-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Outomuro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - F. Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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22
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Ercit K, Gwynne DT. Darwinian balancing selection: Predation counters sexual selection in a wild insect. Evolution 2015; 69:419-30. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Ercit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto at Mississauga; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada
| | - Darryl T. Gwynne
- Department of Biology; University of Toronto at Mississauga; 3359 Mississauga Road N Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada
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23
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Painting CJ, Buckley TR, Holwell GI. Weapon allometry varies with latitude in the New Zealand giraffe weevil. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2864-70. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Painting
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - T. R. Buckley
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Auckland New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre; Auckland New Zealand
| | - G. I. Holwell
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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24
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Kahilainen A, Keränen I, Kuitunen K, Kotiaho JS, Knott KE. Interspecific interactions influence contrasting spatial genetic structures in two closely related damselfly species. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4976-88. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Kahilainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Inka Keränen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Katja Kuitunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Janne S. Kotiaho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
- Natural History Museum; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - K. Emily Knott
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 Jyväskylä Finland
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25
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Dai X, Gao S, Liu D. Genetic basis and selection for life-history trait plasticity on alternative host plants for the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106179. [PMID: 25181493 PMCID: PMC4152155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitobion avenae (F.) can survive on various plants in the Poaceae, which may select for highly plastic genotypes. But phenotypic plasticity was often thought to be non-genetic, and of little evolutionary significance historically, and many problems related to adaptive plasticity, its genetic basis and natural selection for plasticity have not been well documented. To address these questions, clones of S. avenae were collected from three plants, and their phenotypic plasticity under alternative environments was evaluated. Our results demonstrated that nearly all tested life-history traits showed significant plastic changes for certain S. avenae clones with the total developmental time of nymphs and fecundity tending to have relatively higher plasticity for most clones. Overall, the level of plasticity for S. avenae clones’ life-history traits was unexpectedly low. The factor ‘clone’ alone explained 27.7–62.3% of the total variance for trait plasticities. The heritability of plasticity was shown to be significant in nearly all the cases. Many significant genetic correlations were found between trait plasticities with a majority of them being positive. Therefore, it is evident that life-history trait plasticity involved was genetically based. There was a high degree of variation in selection coefficients for life-history trait plasticity of different S. avenae clones. Phenotypic plasticity for barley clones, but not for oat or wheat clones, was frequently found to be under significant selection. The directional selection of alternative environments appeared to act to decrease the plasticity of S. avenae clones in most cases. G-matrix comparisons showed significant differences between S. avenae clones, as well as quite a few negative covariances (i.e., trade-offs) between trait plasticities. Genetic basis and evolutionary significance of life-history trait plasticity were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Suxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kuchta SR, Svensson EI. Predator-mediated natural selection on the wings of the damselfly Calopteryx splendens: differences in selection among trait types. Am Nat 2014; 184:91-109. [PMID: 24921603 DOI: 10.1086/676043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Traits that increase mating success in males may come at a cost, such as an increased risk of predation. However, predator-mediated selection is challenging to document in natural populations, hampering our understanding of the trade-offs between sexual selection and predation. Here we report on a study of predator-mediated natural selection on wing traits in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens, the males of which possess conspicuous wing patches. Wagtails (genus Motacilla) are important avian predators of C. splendens, capturing them in flight and removing the wings prior to consumption. Using geometric morphometric techniques, we quantified the strength and mode of selection on wing traits by comparing wings from depredated individuals with the standing variation present in the population. Our results reveal that predator-mediated selection is stronger on secondary sexual characters than on size and shape, suggesting that traits related to flight performance are closer to their adaptive peaks. This could be a consequence of the long-term evolutionary association with avian predators, whereas stronger selection on conspicuous secondary sexual traits may reflect trade-offs between sexual and natural selection. Finally, even though C. splendens possesses nearly identical fore- and hindwings, we found evidence for divergent selection between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Kuchta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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27
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Green KK, Svensson EI, Bergsten J, Härdling R, Hansson B. The interplay between local ecology, divergent selection, and genetic drift in population divergence of a sexually antagonistic female trait. Evolution 2014; 68:1934-46. [PMID: 24635214 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetically polymorphic species offer the possibility to study maintenance of genetic variation and the potential role for genetic drift in population divergence. Indirect inference of the selection regimes operating on polymorphic traits can be achieved by comparing population divergence in neutral genetic markers with population divergence in trait frequencies. Such an approach could further be combined with ecological data to better understand agents of selection. Here, we infer the selective regimes acting on a polymorphic mating trait in an insect group; the dorsal structures (either rough or smooth) of female diving beetles. Our recent work suggests that the rough structures have a sexually antagonistic function in reducing male mating attempts. For two species (Dytiscus lapponicus and Graphoderus zonatus), we could not reject genetic drift as an explanation for population divergence in morph frequencies, whereas for the third (Hygrotus impressopunctatus) we found that divergent selection pulls morph frequencies apart across populations. Furthermore, population morph frequencies in H. impressopunctatus were significantly related to local bioclimatic factors, providing an additional line of evidence for local adaptation in this species. These data, therefore, suggest that local ecological factors and sexual conflict interact over larger spatial scales to shape population divergence in the polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Karlsson Green
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Current Address: Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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28
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Dijkstra KDB, Monaghan MT, Pauls SU. Freshwater biodiversity and aquatic insect diversification. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 59:143-63. [PMID: 24160433 PMCID: PMC4816856 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters cover less than 1% of Earth's surface but harbor more than 6% of all insect species: Nearly 100,000 species from 12 orders spend one or more life stages in freshwater. Little is known about how this remarkable diversity arose, although allopatric speciation and ecological adaptation are thought to be primary mechanisms. Freshwater habitats are highly susceptible to environmental change and exhibit marked ecological gradients. Standing waters appear to harbor more dispersive species than running waters, but there is little understanding of how this fundamental ecological difference has affected diversification. In contrast to the lack of evolutionary studies, the ecology and habitat preferences of aquatic insects have been intensively studied, in part because of their widespread use as bioindicators. The combination of phylogenetics with the extensive ecological data provides a promising avenue for future research, making aquatic insects highly suitable models for the study of ecological diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas-Douwe B. Dijkstra
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The
Netherlands, and University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB),
12587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany and
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt,
Germany;
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29
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Cordero-Rivera A, Wellenreuther M. Genetic divergence predicts reproductive isolation in damselflies. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:76-87. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Sánchez-Guillén
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico D.F Mexico
- Grupo ECOEVO; Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal; Universidade de Vigo; Pontevedra Spain
| | - A. Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico D.F Mexico
| | - A. Cordero-Rivera
- Grupo ECOEVO; Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal; Universidade de Vigo; Pontevedra Spain
| | - M. Wellenreuther
- Department of Biology, Ecology Building; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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30
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Svensson EI, Waller JT. Ecology and Sexual Selection: Evolution of Wing Pigmentation in Calopterygid Damselflies in Relation to Latitude, Sexual Dimorphism, and Speciation. Am Nat 2013; 182:E174-95. [DOI: 10.1086/673206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Sympatric sexual signal divergence among North American Calopteryx damselflies is correlated with increased intra- and interspecific male–male aggression. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Sexual selection has resulted in some of the most captivating features of insects, including flashy colors, bizarre structures, and complex pheromones. These features evolve in dynamic environments, where conditions can change rapidly over space and time. However, only recently has ecological complexity been embraced by theory and practice in sexual selection. We review replicated selection studies as well as studies on variation in the agents of selection to delineate gaps in current knowledge and clarify exciting new directions for research. Existing work suggests that fluctuations in sexual selection may be extremely common, though work on the ecological factors influencing these fluctuations is scarce. We suggest that deeper ecological perspectives on sexual selection may alter some of the fundamental assumptions of sexual selection theory and rapidly lead to new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Miller
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
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Kaunisto KM, Viitaniemi HM, Leder EH, Suhonen J. Association between host's genetic diversity and parasite burden in damselflies. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1784-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Kaunisto
- Section of Ecology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Zoological Museum; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - H. M. Viitaniemi
- Section of Genetics and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - E. H. Leder
- Section of Genetics and Physiology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - J. Suhonen
- Section of Ecology; Department of Biology; University of Turku; Turku Finland
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Abbott R, Albach D, Ansell S, Arntzen JW, Baird SJE, Bierne N, Boughman J, Brelsford A, Buerkle CA, Buggs R, Butlin RK, Dieckmann U, Eroukhmanoff F, Grill A, Cahan SH, Hermansen JS, Hewitt G, Hudson AG, Jiggins C, Jones J, Keller B, Marczewski T, Mallet J, Martinez-Rodriguez P, Möst M, Mullen S, Nichols R, Nolte AW, Parisod C, Pfennig K, Rice AM, Ritchie MG, Seifert B, Smadja CM, Stelkens R, Szymura JM, Väinölä R, Wolf JBW, Zinner D. Hybridization and speciation. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:229-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Outomuro D, Cordero-Rivera A. Allometry of secondary, primary, and nonsexual traits in the beautiful demoiselle (Calopteryx virgo meridionalis). CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The static allometry between the size of a trait and the body size results from the net selection forces acting on the evolution of both the trait and the body size. An increased knowledge of the functional significance of traits is necessary to understand observed allometric patterns. We studied several traits of males of the beautiful demoiselle ( Calopteryx virgo meridionalis Sélys, 1873), for which there is a good functional knowledge of the genitalic traits and ornaments. We found positive allometry for the wing spot size (considered a secondary sexual trait) and for the distal width (but not length) of the anal appendages, which are used for grasping the female prior to copulation. Regarding the male secondary genitalia, the length but not the width of the big horns of the aedeagus showed an isometric pattern. The aedeagus shaft length showed a negative allometric pattern, while its distal width did not show a significant regression. The slopes of the regressions were higher when using wing length than when using body length as estimators of body size, with the exception of wing spot length. Results are discussed based on the functional significance of the study traits, as well as the pre- and post-copulatory selective pressures acting on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Outomuro
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A. Cordero-Rivera
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, E-36005, Pontevedra, Spain
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Wellenreuther M, Larson KW, Svensson EI. Climatic niche divergence or conservatism? Environmental niches and range limits in ecologically similar damselflies. Ecology 2012; 93:1353-66. [PMID: 22834376 DOI: 10.1890/11-1181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wellenreuther
- MEMEG, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
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Vercken E, Wellenreuther M, Svensson EI, Mauroy B. Don'T fall off the adaptation cliff: when asymmetrical fitness selects for suboptimal traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34889. [PMID: 22509364 PMCID: PMC3324540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cliff-edge hypothesis introduces the counterintuitive idea that the trait value associated with the maximum of an asymmetrical fitness function is not necessarily the value that is selected for if the trait shows variability in its phenotypic expression. We develop a model of population dynamics to show that, in such a system, the evolutionary stable strategy depends on both the shape of the fitness function around its maximum and the amount of phenotypic variance. The model provides quantitative predictions of the expected trait value distribution and provides an alternative quantity that should be maximized ("genotype fitness") instead of the classical fitness function ("phenotype fitness"). We test the model's predictions on three examples: (1) litter size in guinea pigs, (2) sexual selection in damselflies, and (3) the geometry of the human lung. In all three cases, the model's predictions give a closer match to empirical data than traditional optimization theory models. Our model can be extended to most ecological situations, and the evolutionary conditions for its application are expected to be common in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vercken
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355 ISA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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38
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Non-ecological speciation, niche conservatism and thermal adaptation: how are they connected? ORG DIVERS EVOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Jang Y, Hahm EH, Lee HJ, Park S, Won YJ, Choe JC. Geographic variation in advertisement calls in a tree frog species: gene flow and selection hypotheses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23297. [PMID: 21858061 PMCID: PMC3157349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a species with a large distribution relative to its dispersal capacity, geographic variation in traits may be explained by gene flow, selection, or the combined effects of both. Studies of genetic diversity using neutral molecular markers show that patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) or barrier effect may be evident for geographic variation at the molecular level in amphibian species. However, selective factors such as habitat, predator, or interspecific interactions may be critical for geographic variation in sexual traits. We studied geographic variation in advertisement calls in the tree frog Hyla japonica to understand patterns of variation in these traits across Korea and provide clues about the underlying forces for variation. METHODOLOGY We recorded calls of H. japonica in three breeding seasons from 17 localities including localities in remote Jeju Island. Call characters analyzed were note repetition rate (NRR), note duration (ND), and dominant frequency (DF), along with snout-to-vent length. RESULTS The findings of a barrier effect on DF and a longitudinal variation in NRR seemed to suggest that an open sea between the mainland and Jeju Island and mountain ranges dominated by the north-south Taebaek Mountains were related to geographic variation in call characters. Furthermore, there was a pattern of IBD in mitochondrial DNA sequences. However, no comparable pattern of IBD was found between geographic distance and call characters. We also failed to detect any effects of habitat or interspecific interaction on call characters. CONCLUSIONS Geographic variations in call characters as well as mitochondrial DNA sequences were largely stratified by geographic factors such as distance and barriers in Korean populations of H. japonica. Although we did not detect effects of habitat or interspecific interaction, some other selective factors such as sexual selection might still be operating on call characters in conjunction with restricted gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikweon Jang
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Hahm
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Park
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Won
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae C. Choe
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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40
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OUTOMURO DAVID, OCHARAN FRANCISCOJ. Wing pigmentation in Calopteryx damselflies: a role in thermoregulation? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Genes versus phenotypes in the study of speciation. Genetica 2011; 139:649-61. [PMID: 21442403 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-011-9562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite persistent debate on the nature of species, the widespread adoption of Mayr's biological species concept has led to a heavy emphasis on the importance of reproductive isolation to the speciation process. Equating the origin of species with the evolution of reproductive isolation has become common practice in the study of speciation, coincident with an increasing focus on elucidating the specific genetic changes (i.e.-speciation genes) underlying intrinsic reproductive barriers between species. In contrast, some have recognized that reproductive isolation is usually a signature effect rather than a primary cause of speciation. Here we describe a research paradigm that shifts emphasis from effects to causes in order to resolve this apparent contradiction and galvanize the study of speciation. We identify major elements necessary for a balanced and comprehensive investigation of the origin of species and place the study of so-called "speciation genes" into its appropriate context. We emphasize the importance of characterizing diverging phenotypes, identifying relevant evolutionary forces acting on those phenotypes and their role in the causal origins of reduced gene flow between incipient species, and the nature of the genetic and phenotypic boundaries that results from such processes. This approach has the potential to unify the field of speciation research, by allowing us to make better "historical" predictions about the fate of diverging populations regardless of taxon.
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OUTOMURO DAVID, JOHANSSON FRANK. The effects of latitude, body size, and sexual selection on wing shape in a damselfly. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kuitunen K, Kotiaho JS, Luojumäki M, Suhonen J. Selection on size and secondary sexual characters of the damselfly Calopteryx splendens when sympatric with the congener Calopteryx virgo. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male mating success is often determined by body size or secondary sexual characters because of female mate choice or competition for females. In addition to intraspecific interactions, interspecific interactions may interfere with intraspecific selection. In this study, we investigated sexual selection on size and sexual characters of male banded demoiselle ( Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1780)) in wild populations sympatric with the beautiful demoiselle ( Calopteryx virgo (L., 1758)). As secondary sexual characters, male C. splendens have pigmented wing spots whose size appears to be under positive selection. Male C. virgo resemble male C. splendens that have the largest wing spots, leading to interspecific male–male aggression and possibly also to heterospecific matings via mistaken species recognition. If interspecific interactions interfere with intraspecific sexual selection on wing-spot size of C. splendens, their effects should increase with the increasing relative abundance of C. virgo. Our results did not show the expected positive selection on wing-spot size in C. splendens, suggesting that interspecific interactions might interfere with sexual selection. Also, we observed no relationship between the strength of interspecific sexual selection and the relative abundance of C. virgo. However, there was a positive intraspecific density-dependent sexual selection for larger size. Although the present results are tentative, we suggest that interspecific interactions should be considered along with intraspecific selection when studies of sexual selection are performed in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kuitunen
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Natural History Museum, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Janne S. Kotiaho
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Natural History Museum, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Luojumäki
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Natural History Museum, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Natural History Museum, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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McPeek MA, Symes LB, Zong DM, McPeek CL. Species recognition and patterns of population variation in the reproductive structures of a damselfly genus. Evolution 2010; 65:419-28. [PMID: 20874736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The selection pressures imposed by mate choice for species identity should impose strong stabilizing selection on traits that confer species identity to mates. Thus, we expect that such traits should show nonoverlapping distributions among closely related species, but show little to no variance among populations within a species. We tested these predictions by comparing levels of population differentiation in the sizes and shapes of male cerci (i.e., the clasper structures used for species identity during mating) of six Enallagma damselfly species. Cerci shapes were nonoverlapping among Enallagma species, and five of six Enallagma species showed no population variation across their entire species ranges. In contrast, cerci sizes overlapped among species and varied substantially among populations within species. These results, taken with previous studies, suggest that cerci shape is a primary feature used in species recognition used to discriminate conspecific from heterospecifics during mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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HONKAVAARA J, DUNN DW, ILVONEN S, SUHONEN J. Sympatric shift in a male sexual ornament in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens. J Evol Biol 2010; 24:139-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Svensson EI, Eroukhmanoff F, Karlsson K, Runemark A, Brodin A. A ROLE FOR LEARNING IN POPULATION DIVERGENCE OF MATE PREFERENCES. Evolution 2010; 64:3101-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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WELLENREUTHER MAREN, VERCKEN ELODIE, SVENSSON ERIKI. A role for ecology in male mate discrimination of immigrant females in Calopteryx damselflies? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Patterns of spatial genetic structure and diversity at the onset of a rapid range expansion: colonisation of the UK by the small red-eyed damselfly Erythromma viridulum. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Corl A, Davis AR, Kuchta SR, Comendant T, Sinervo B. ALTERNATIVE MATING STRATEGIES AND THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN THE SIDE-BLOTCHED LIZARD,UTA STANSBURIANA: A POPULATION-LEVEL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. Evolution 2010; 64:79-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wellenreuther M, Tynkkynen K, Svensson EI. SIMULATING RANGE EXPANSION: MALE SPECIES RECOGNITION AND LOSS OF PREMATING ISOLATION IN DAMSELFLIES. Evolution 2010; 64:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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