CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms may be associated with obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese women

Association between barium exposed, CYP19A1 and central obesity: A cross-sectional study in rural China

BACKGROUND

obesity is a major risk factor for many metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma and urinary barium concentrations, CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms, and their interaction with central obesity in a rural Chinese population.

METHODS

restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between barium and the risk of developing central obesity and waist circumference; logistic regression model was used to assess the association between barium, CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with central obesity.

RESULTS

the results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that plasma barium concentration was linearly associated with the risk of developing central obesity and non-linearly associated with waist circumference. Logistic regression analysis showed that participants with Q4 plasma barium concentration exhibited a higher risk of central obesity compared to participants with Q1 barium concentration; participants carrying the rs10046-AA gene exhibited a lower risk of central obesity than those carrying the rs10046-G(GG+GA) gene; participants carrying the rs10046-GA genotype showed 1.754 times higher risk of central obesity than those carrying rs10046-GG+AA genotype. There was a significant interaction between plasma barium and CYP19A1 gene polymorphism on central obesity.

CONCLUSION

the development of central obesity was associated with plasma barium and CYP19A1.

Pharmacogenomics variants are associated with BMI differences between individuals with bipolar and other psychiatric disorders

Aim: Regardless of the plethora of next-generation sequencing studies in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), the potential effect of covariate variables on PGx response within deeply phenotyped cohorts remains unexplored. Materials & methods: We explored with advanced statistical methods the potential influence of BMI, as a covariate variable, on PGx response in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders. Results: Nine PGx variants within UGT1A6, SLC22A4, GSTP1, CYP4B1, CES1, SLC29A3 and DPYD were associated with altered BMI in different psychiatric disorder groups. Carriers of rs2070959 (UGT1A6), rs199861210 (SLC29A3) and rs2297595 (DPYD) were also characterized by significant changes in the mean BMI, depending on the presence of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Specific PGx variants are significantly associated with BMI in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders.

A novel resveratrol analog PA19 attenuates obesity‑induced cardiac and renal injury by inhibiting inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration

Obesity is a major global health concern and induces numerous complications, such as heart and kidney injury. Inflammation is an important pathogenic mechanism underlying obesity‑associated tissue injury. (1E,4E)‑1‑{2,4‑Dimethoxy‑6‑[(E)‑4‑methoxystyryl]phenyl}‑5‑​(2,4‑dimethoxyphenyl)penta‑1,4‑dien‑3‑one (PA19) is a novel anti‑inflammatory compound synthesized by our research group. In the present study, the efficacy of PA19 in attenuating high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced heart and kidney injury was investigated. Heart and kidney pathological injury and fibrosis were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining, respectively. The expression levels of inflammatory genes and fibrosis‑associated protein were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. ELISA was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Following 20 weeks of HFD treatment, mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation in the serum, heart and kidney injury and fibrosis, and inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with mice fed a control diet. Conversely, treatment with PA19 during the final 12 weeks of the study significantly reduced the degree of heart and kidney fibrosis and inflammation induced by HFD. The results suggested that PA19 attenuates heart and kidney inflammation and injury induced by HFD, and indicated that PA19 may be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity, and obesity‑induced cardiac and renal injury.

The role of DENND1A and CYP19A1 gene variants in individual susceptibility to obesity in Turkish population-a preliminary study

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common genetic variations in human genome, can manage the predisposition of certain complex diseases or situations such as obesity. Genetic polymorphisms also play an important role as they can impact a population's susceptibility to being overweight or obese and developing related chronic complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer. The present study comprised of 193 unrelated healthy volunteers (120 females and 73 males) with Turkish origin. Only female adolescents (n = 110) were divided into 2 categories according to their BMI values as overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and normal (18.5 < BMI < 25) according to WHO classification. Genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood samples and genotyping of DENND1A rs10818854 and CYP19A1 rs2414096 variants was performed on Roche Light Cycler 2.0 Real-Time PCR platform. Serum hormone levels were analyzed by Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche diagnostics). The genotype distributions were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both SNPs in the studied population (p > 0.05). The genotype distribution of DENND1A rs10818854 was determined for the first time in Turkish population and the variant allele frequency was found as 0.095. According to reduced sex hormone-binding globulin levels and increased free androgen index in the present study, obesity was linked with hyperandrogenism in female subjects. Both polymorphisms were investigated as potential genetic susceptibility markers for obesity and neither DENND1A nor CYP19A1 showed any associations.

Estrogen and progesterone-related gene variants and colorectal cancer risk in women

Background

Observational studies and randomized trials have suggested that estrogens and/or progesterone may lower the risk for colorectal cancer. Inherited variation in the sex-hormone genes may be one mechanism by which sex hormones affect colorectal cancer, although data are limited.

Method

We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding 3 hormone receptors (ESR1, ESR2, PGR) and 5 hormone synthesizers (CYP19A1 and CYP17A1, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, HSD17B4) among 427 women with incident colorectal cancer and 871 matched controls who were Caucasians of European ancestry from 93676 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational cohort. A total of 242 haplotype-tagging and functional SNPs in the 8 genes were included for analysis. Unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for age and hysterectomy status was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We observed a weak association between the CYP17A1 rs17724534 SNP and colorectal cancer risk (OR per risk allele (A) = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09-1.78, corrected p-value = 0.07). In addition, a suggestive interaction between rs17724534 and rs10883782 in 2 discrete LD blocks of CYP17A1 was observed in relation to colorectal cancer (empirical p value = 0.04). Moreover, one haplotype block of CYP19A1 was associated with colorectal cancer (corrected global p value = 0.02), which likely reflected the association with the tagging SNP, rs1902584, in the block.

Conclusion

Our findings offer some support for a suggestive association of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 variants with colorectal cancer risk.

Expression of CYP19 and CYP17 is associated with leg length, weight, and BMI

This study investigates associations between gene expressions of aromatase (CYP19), 17α hydroxylase (CYP17), and estrogen receptors α and β and anthropometric measurements in offspring of the Michigan fish eater cohort. Leg and trunk length, height, weight, and BMI and gene expression in peripheral blood cells were measured in offspring of the Michigan fish eater cohort. The parental generation was followed between 1973 and 1991, and maternal age, height, and weight data were collected. Female offspring were contacted in 2001/2002 and followed up in 2006/2007; offspring information included age, education, reproductive history, smoking, and exercise. Gene expression was standardized against 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (18SrRNA) and RNA polymerase II (RNA PolII) expressions. Mixed models assessed the statistical effect of gene expression on anthropometric outcomes, accounting for multiple offspring from one mother. Anthropometric measurements and gene expression were measured in 139 female offspring. The two length and the height measurements were correlated, as were BMI and weight. CYP19 expression was correlated with the other gene expressions and both estrogen receptor expressions were associated. For every 1 unit of ΔC(t) (18SrRNA - CYP19) or ΔC(t) (RNA PolII - CYP19), BMI was increased by 0.9 (P = 0.03) and 0.87 kg/m(2) (P = 0.04), respectively, and weight by 2.35 kg (P = 0.03) and 2.1 kg (P = 0.03), respectively. For every 1 unit of ΔC(t) (18SrRNA - CYP17), leg length was increased by 0.84 cm (P = 0.04). The results suggest that CYP17 gene expression may influence growth during childhood and adolescence while CYP19 may be associated with the concurrent measures of weight and BMI.

Genetic and genomic insights into age at natural menopause

The age at natural menopause shows great variability. It has been proposed that early age at menopause is a risk factor for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, whereas later age at menopause is a risk factor for breast cancer. In addition, it is thought that the genetic factors accounting for the genetic variability in age at menopause could also play a role in those diseases, as well as infertility in women. In this minireview we comment on the latest genetics and genomics insights into age at natural menopause.

Genetic variation in CYP19A1 and risk of breast cancer and fibrocystic breast conditions among women in Shanghai, China

CYP19A1 encodes for aromatase, which irreversibly converts androgens to estrogens; variation in this gene may affect individual susceptibility to breast cancer and other sex hormone-dependent outcomes. In a case-control study nested within a breast self-examination trial conducted in China, we examined whether CYP19A1 polymorphisms (rs1870049, rs1004982, rs28566535, rs936306, rs11636639, rs767199, rs4775936, rs11575899, rs10046, and rs4646) were associated with risk of breast cancer and fibrocystic breast conditions. Cases were diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 614) or fibrocystic breast conditions (n = 465) during 1989 to 2000. Controls were free of breast disease during the same period (n = 879). Presence of proliferative changes within the extratumoral tissue of women with breast cancer and the lesions of women with fibrocystic conditions only was assessed. None of the polymorphisms were associated with overall risk of breast cancer or fibrocystic breast conditions. Differences in breast cancer risk, however, were observed by proliferation status. The risk of breast cancer with (but not without) proliferative fibrocystic conditions was increased among women homozygous for the minor allele of rs1004982 (C), rs28566535 (C), rs936306 (T), and rs4775936 (C) relative to those homozygous for the major allele [age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), 2.19 (1.24-3.85), 2.20 (1.27-3.82), 1.94 (1.13-3.30), and 1.95 (1.07-3.58), respectively]. Also, haplotypes inferred using all polymorphisms were not associated with overall risk of either outcome, although some block-specific haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer with concurrent proliferative fibrocystic conditions. Our findings suggest that CYP19A1 variation may enhance breast cancer development in some women, but further confirmation is warranted.

Association of genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 and blood levels of sex hormones among postmenopausal Chinese women

OBJECTIVE

Circulating estrogen levels have been related to the risk of several female cancers. Blood levels of estrogen are controlled by estrogen synthesis enzymes. Genetic variation of estrogen genes thus may influence circulating estrogen levels. We investigated the associations of genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1, a critical gene involved in estrogen synthesis, with plasma levels of sex hormones among postmenopausal Chinese women.

METHODS

Included in this study were 345 postmenopausal community controls from a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai. Fasting blood samples from those women were measured for blood estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, and testosterone. A total of 19 genetic polymorphisms in CYP19A1 were genotyped using ABI7900 or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Differences in plasma levels of hormones by genotype were examined using variance analysis.

RESULT

The geometric means of plasma levels of estradiol, estrone, estrone sulfate, and testosterone were 10.1, 16.8, 969.0, and 202.9 pg/ml, respectively, for this study population. We found that plasma levels of estrone were associated with rs28566535 (P=0.0180), rs730154 (P=0.0141), and rs936306 (P=0.0274) in block 2. In the same block, the haplotype CGCTA was related to level of estrone (P=0.0064). Single nucleotide polymorphism rs1902584 in block 1 was associated with estradiol only in overweight postmenopausal women. No clear association with sex hormones was noted for the other genetic polymorphisms evaluated in the study.

CONCLUSION

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in blocks 1 and 2 of the CYP19A1 gene are related to plasma levels of estrogen among postmenopausal Chinese women and may therefore play an important role in the etiology of hormone-related cancers.

Variants in hormone biosynthesis genes and risk of endometrial cancer

We investigated the risk associated with variants in three genes involved in estrogen biosynthesis, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1, in the population-based case-control study of Estrogen, Diet, Genetics, and Endometrial Cancer. This study was conducted in New Jersey in 2001-2006 with 417 cases and 402 controls. For CYP11A1, there was no association between the number of [TTTTA]( n ) repeats (D15S520) and risk. For CYP17A1, risk was somewhat lower among women with the C/C genotype at T-34C (rs743572) (adjusted OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.41-1.02). For CYP19A1, risk was lower among women homozygous for the 3-bp deletion (rs11575899) in exon 4 (adjusted OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76), while the number of [TTTA]( n ) repeats was not significantly related to risk: the adjusted OR for n = 7/7 repeats versus n > 7/>7 repeats was 0.81 (95% CI 0.54-1.23). In stratified analyses, results for CYP19A1 were stronger among women with higher (> or =27.4) body mass index: for the homozygous deletion, OR = 0.30 (95% CI 0.15-0.62); for the n = 7/7 genotype, OR = 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.93). The interaction between the n = 7/7 genotype and BMI was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The insertion/deletion variant in CYP19A1 appears to be related to risk of endometrial cancer; risk associated with variants in this gene may vary according to BMI.

Interaction of soy food and tea consumption with CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms in the development of endometrial cancer

Certain polyphenols inhibit the activity of aromatase, a critical enzyme in estrogen synthesis that is coded by the CYP19A1 gene. Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages, thus, may interact with CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms in the development of endometrial cancer. The authors tested this hypothesis in the Shanghai Endometrial Cancer Study (1997-2003), a population-based case-control study of 1,204 endometrial cancer cases and 1,212 controls. Dietary information was obtained by use of a validated food frequency questionnaire. Genotypes of CYP19A1 at rs28566535, rs1065779, rs752760, rs700519, and rs1870050 were available for 1,042 cases and 1,035 controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Higher intake of soy foods and tea consumption were both inversely associated with the risk of endometrial cancer, with odds ratios of 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.6, 1.0) for the highest versus the lowest tertiles of intake of soy and 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 06, 0.9) for ever tea consumption. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1065779, rs752760, and rs1870050 with endometrial cancer was modified by tea consumption (p(interaction) < 0.05) but not by soy isoflavone intake. The authors' findings suggest that tea polyphenols may modify the effect of CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms on the development of endometrial cancer.

Polymorphisms in the CYP19 gene that influence bone mineral density

Osteoporosis is a prevalent disease with a strong genetic component. Estrogens play a critical role in bone homeostasis. The aromatization of androgenic precursors is the main source of estrogens in men and postmenopausal women. Thus, aromatase is an attractive osteoporosis candidate gene. In this paper the influence of aromatase activity and aromatase gene variants on skeletal homeostasis is reviewed. The results of studies regarding the association between some common polymorphisms of the aromatase gene and bone mineral density and the risk of osteoporotic fractures are described. The mechanisms involved and the potential usefulness of those genetic data in the prevention and management of osteoporosis are discussed.

Polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 (aromatase) gene and endometrial cancer risk in Chinese women

Aromatase, encoded by the CYP19A1 gene, is a key enzyme in estradiol biosynthesis, which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. Given the critical role of estrogen in the development of endometrial cancer risk, we evaluated genetic polymorphisms of the CYP19A1 gene, including rs1065779, rs700519, rs28566535, rs752760, and rs1870050, in association with endometrial cancer in a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Genotypes of 1,040 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1,031 frequency-matched controls were included in the study. We applied a logistic regression model to derive adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Six common haplotypes with a frequency >or=5% were estimated; the highest frequency haplotype was GCACA (27.8% in cases and 26.2% in controls). We observed an inverse association between CYP19A1 haplotype TCATC and endometrial cancer in our population (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.92). An inverse association was found between endometrial cancer and single nucleotide polymorphism rs1870050 in the promoter region with ORs of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68-0.97) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.42-0.80) for the AC and CC genotypes, respectively. We observed a multiplicative interaction between single nucleotide polymorphism rs700519 and body mass index among postmenopausal women (P = 0.01), with stronger associations between rs700519 genotypes and endometrial cancer risk among heavier (body mass index, >or=25) postmenopausal women. In summary, our data show that polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 gene may contribute to endometrial carcinogenesis.