1
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Wu Y, Yang Y, Lin Y, Ding Y, Liu Z, Xiang L, Picardo M, Zhang C. Emerging Role of Fibroblasts in Vitiligo: A Formerly Underestimated Rising Star. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1696-1706. [PMID: 38493384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disfiguring depigmentation disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the pathogenesis of vitiligo, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although most studies have focused on melanocytes and keratinocytes, growing evidence suggests the involvement of dermal fibroblasts, residing deeper in the skin. This review aims to elucidate the role of fibroblasts in both the physiological regulation of skin pigmentation and their pathological contribution to depigmentation, with the goal of shedding light on the involvement of fibroblasts in vitiligo. The topics covered in this review include alterations in the secretome, premature senescence, autophagy dysfunction, abnormal extracellular matrix, autoimmunity, and metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecen Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI)- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (RCCS), Rome, Italy.
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Chen J, Zhang L, Li Y, Pan X, Shao X, Liu L, Chen Y, Chen T, Chen J. The effect of abnormal secretion of DKK1 by fibroblasts on melanocytes function in vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e677-e679. [PMID: 38404153 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingzhao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Shao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingqiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Cui HS, Joo SY, Cho YS, Lee YR, Ro YM, Kwak IS, Hur GY, Seo CH. Exosomes Derived from Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts Suppress Melanogenesis in Normal Human Epidermal Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7236. [PMID: 39000342 PMCID: PMC11241421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-burn hypertrophic scars often exhibit abnormal pigmentation. Exosomes play important roles in maintaining normal physiological homeostasis and in the pathological development of diseases. This study investigated the effects of the exosomes derived from hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HTSFs) on melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells. Normal fibroblasts (NFs) and HTSFs were isolated and cultured from normal skin and hypertrophic scar (HTS) tissue. Both the NF- and HTSF-exosomes were isolated from a cell culture medium and purified using a column-based technique. The normal human epidermal melanocytes were treated with both exosomes at a concentration of 100 μg/mL at different times. The cell proliferation, melanin content in the medium, apoptotic factors, transcription factors, melanin synthesis enzymes, signaling, signal transduction pathways, and activators of transcription factors (STAT) 1, 3, 5, and 6 were investigated. Compared with the Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS)-treated controls and NF-exosomes, the HTSF-exosomes decreased the melanocyte proliferation and melanin secretion. The molecular patterns of apoptosis, proliferation, melanin synthesis, Smad and non-Smad signaling, and STATs were altered by the treatment with the HTSF-exosomes. No significant differences were observed between the DPBS-treated control and NF-exosome-treated cells. HTSF-derived exosomes may play a role in the pathological epidermal hypopigmentation observed in patients with HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song Cui
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - You Ra Lee
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - Yu Mi Ro
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (H.S.C.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.M.R.)
| | - In Suk Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gi Yeun Hur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.J.); (Y.S.C.)
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4
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Chen X, Wu Y, Jia S, Zhao M. Fibroblast: A Novel Target for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases Therapeutics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024; 66:274-293. [PMID: 38940997 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are crucial components of the skin structure. They were traditionally believed to maintain the skin's structure by producing extracellular matrix and other elements. Recent research illuminated that fibroblasts can respond to external stimuli and exhibit diverse functions, such as the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, adipogenesis, and antigen presentation, exhibiting remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity. This revelation positions fibroblasts as active contributors to the pathogenesis of skin diseases, challenging the traditional perspective that views fibroblasts solely as structural entities. Based on their diverse functions, fibroblasts can be categorized into six subtypes: pro-inflammatory fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, adipogenic fibroblasts, angiogenic fibroblasts, mesenchymal fibroblasts, and antigen-presenting fibroblasts. Cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics regulate functional abnormalities in fibroblasts. The dynamic changes fibroblasts exhibit in different diseases and disease states warrant a comprehensive discussion. We focus on dermal fibroblasts' aberrant manifestations and pivotal roles in inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and atopic dermatitis, and propose targeting aberrantly activated fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Li T, Xiong Y, Xian L, Xiong L, Li L. YAP prevents senescence of dermal fibroblast and inhibits melanogenesis via paracrine effect of DKK1. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15093. [PMID: 38742821 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Senile skin hyperpigmentation displays remarkable histopathological features of dermal aging. The crosstalk between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts plays crucial roles in aging-related pigmentation. While senescent fibroblasts can upregulate pro-melanogenic factors, the role of anti-melanogenic factors, such as dickkopf1 (DKK1), and the upstream regulatory mechanism during aging remain obscure. This study investigated the roles of yes-associated protein (YAP) and DKK1 in the regulation of dermal fibroblast senescence and melanogenesis. Our findings demonstrated decreased YAP activity and DKK1 levels in intrinsic and extrinsic senescent fibroblasts. YAP depletion induced fibroblast senescence and downregulated the expression and secretion of DKK1, whereas YAP overexpression partially reversed the effect. The transcriptional regulation of DKK1 by YAP was supported by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, YAP depletion in fibroblasts upregulated Wnt/β-catenin in melanocytes and stimulated melanogenesis, which was partially rescued by the re-supplementation of DKK1. Conversely, overexpression of YAP in senescent fibroblasts decreased Wnt/β-catenin levels in melanocytes and inhibited melanogenesis. Additionally, reduced levels of YAP and DKK1 were verified in the dermis of solar lentigines. These findings suggest that, during skin aging, epidermal pigmentation may be influenced by YAP in the dermal microenvironment via the paracrine effect of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Xian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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6
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Hirobe T. Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4560. [PMID: 38674144 PMCID: PMC11049857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian melanin is produced in melanocytes and accumulated in melanosomes. Melanogenesis is supported by many factors derived from the surrounding tissue environment, such as the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, in addition to numerous melanogenesis-related genes. The roles of these genes have been fully investigated and the molecular analysis has been performed. Moreover, the role of paracrine factors derived from epidermis has also been studied. However, the role of dermis has not been fully studied. Thus, in this review, dermis-derived factors including soluble and insoluble components were overviewed and discussed in normal and abnormal circumstances. Dermal factors play an important role in the regulation of melanogenesis in the normal and abnormal mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hirobe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Lee JM, Lee JO, Kim Y, Jang YN, Yeon Park A, Kim SY, Han HS, Kim BJ, Yoo KH. Anti-melanogenic effect of exosomes derived from human dermal fibroblasts (BJ-5ta-Ex) in C57BL/6 mice and B16F10 melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:232-246. [PMID: 37758515 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication by transferring cargo between cells and altering the specific functions of the target cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of exosomes in several skin diseases. However, understanding of the effects of exosomes on anti-pigmentation is limited. Therefore, we investigated whether BJ-5ta exosomes (BJ-5ta-Ex) derived from human foreskin fibroblasts regulate melanogenesis and delineated the underlying mechanism. Interestingly, treatment with BJ-5ta-Ex induced decreased melanin content, tyrosinase (TYR) activity, and expression of melanogenesis-related genes, including microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF), TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2). In addition, BJ-5ta-Ex downregulated the cAMP/PKA and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathways and upregulated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, treatment with BJ-5ta-Ex inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanosome transport and decreased the expression of key proteins involved in melanosome transport, namely, rab27a and melanophilin (MLPH). To further confirm the depigmenting effects of BJ-5ta-Ex, we conducted experiments using a three-dimensional reconstituted human full skin model and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated mouse model. Treatment with BJ-5ta-Ex improved tissue brightness and reduced the distribution of melanosomes. In UVB-irradiated mouse ears, BJ-5ta-Ex reduced the number of active melanocytes and melanin granules. These results demonstrate that BJ-5ta-Ex can be useful for the clinical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Na Jang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A Yeon Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sung Han
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Gwang-Myeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Gwang-Myeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
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8
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Salian SS, Dhadse PV, Patil RT. Laser-Assisted Gingival Depigmentation: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e51670. [PMID: 38318554 PMCID: PMC10839427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The gingiva's colour varies in different individuals and is assumed to be related to cutaneous pigmentation. The most frequent natural pigment causing endogenous gingival pigmentation is melanin, a brown pigment. Depigmentation is a therapy of choice when individuals are concerned about their appearance and demand it for their aesthetic satisfaction. It is not a clinical indication. This article demonstrates gingival depigmentation using a laser diode with a 90-day follow‑up. A 23-year-old male patient visited the Periodontology Department, complaining of poor aesthetics owing to dark-coloured gums. Depigmentation with a laser diode was selected as the treatment plan for both the maxillary and mandibular arches, at an interval of a week. The choice of a procedure is largely influenced by the gingival thickness, the clinician's experience, the patient's preferences, and the rate of recurrence. According to reports, using lasers produces better aesthetic outcomes and has a low recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti S Salian
- Periodontics and Implantology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasad V Dhadse
- Periodontics and Implantology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ruchita T Patil
- Periodontics and Implantology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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9
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Grădinaru TC, Vlad A, Gilca M. Bitter Phytochemicals as Novel Candidates for Skin Disease Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:299-326. [PMID: 38248322 PMCID: PMC10814078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases represent a global healthcare challenge due to their rising incidence and substantial socio-economic burden. While biological, immunological, and targeted therapies have brought a revolution in improving quality of life and survival rates for certain dermatological conditions, there remains a stringent demand for new remedies. Nature has long served as an inspiration for drug development. Recent studies have identified bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in both skin cell lines and human skin. Additionally, bitter natural compounds have shown promising benefits in addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and even skin cancer. Thus, TAS2Rs may represent a promising target in all these processes. In this review, we summarize evidence supporting the presence of TAS2Rs in the skin and emphasize their potential as drug targets for addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and skin carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is a pioneering work in connecting information on TAS2Rs expression in skin and skin cells with the impact of bitter phytochemicals on various beneficial effects related to skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Cristiana Grădinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
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10
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Rasli NR, Hamid A, Awang N, Kamaludin NF. Series of Organotin(IV) Compounds with Different Dithiocarbamate Ligands Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest on Jurkat E6.1, T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083376. [PMID: 37110610 PMCID: PMC10143845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cisplatin has influenced scientists to study the anticancer properties of other metal complexes. Organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds are gaining attention as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxic properties on cancer cells. In this study, a series of organotin compounds were assessed for their toxic effects on the Jurkat E6.1 cell line. WST-1 assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the compounds and showed that six out of seven organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic effects toward T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, Jurkat E6.1 with the concentration of IC50 ranging from 0.67-0.94 µM. The apoptosis assay by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that all tested compounds induced cell death mainly via apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis assessed using RNase/PI staining showed that organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds induced cell cycle arrest at different phases. In conclusion, the tested organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against Jurkat E6.1 cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at low IC50 value. However, further studies on the mechanisms of action are required to probe the possible potential of these compounds on leukemia cells before they can be developed into anti-leukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rasyiqin Rasli
- Program of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Hamid
- Program of Biomedical Science, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Normah Awang
- Program of Environmental Health and Industrial Safety, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Program of Environmental Health and Industrial Safety, Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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11
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Goncalves K, De Los Santos Gomez P, Costello L, Smith L, Mead H, Simpson A, Przyborski S. Investigation into the effect of skin tone modulators and exogenous stress on skin pigmentation utilizing a novel bioengineered skin equivalent. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10415. [PMID: 36925688 PMCID: PMC10013773 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are a popular technology due to limitations in animal testing, particularly as they recapitulate aspects of structure and function of human skin. Many HSEs contain two basic cell types to model dermal and epidermal compartments, however this limits their application, particularly when investigating the effect of exogenous stressors on skin health. We describe the development of a novel platform technology that accurately replicates skin pigmentation in vitro. Through incorporation of melanocytes, specialized pigment producing cells, into the basal layer of the epidermis we are able to re-create skin pigmentation in vitro. We observe apical distribution of melanin within keratinocytes and formation of supranuclear caps (SPNCs), only when the epidermal compartment is co-cultured with a dermal compartment, leading to the conclusion that fibroblast support is essential for correct pigment organization. We also evaluate the commonly observed phenomenon that pigmentation darkens with time in vitro, which we further explore through mechanical exfoliation to remove a build-up of melanin deposits in the stratum corneum. Finally, we demonstrate the application of a pigmented HSE to investigate drug modulation of skin tone and protection from UV-induced damage, highlighting the importance of such a model in the wider context of skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucy Smith
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Hugh Mead
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Amy Simpson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Reprocell Europe LtdGlasgowUK
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12
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Kanakachari M, Ashwini R, Chatterjee RN, Bhattacharya TK. Embryonic transcriptome unravels mechanisms and pathways underlying embryonic development with respect to muscle growth, egg production, and plumage formation in native and broiler chickens. Front Genet 2022; 13:990849. [PMID: 36313432 PMCID: PMC9616467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle development, egg production, and plumage colors are different between native and broiler chickens. The study was designed to investigate why improved Aseel (PD4) is colorful, stronger, and grew slowly compared with the control broiler (CB). Methods: A microarray was conducted using the 7th-day embryo (7EB) and 18th-day thigh muscle (18TM) of improved Aseel and broiler, respectively. Also, we have selected 24 Gallus gallus candidate reference genes from NCBI, and total RNA was isolated from the broiler, improved Aseel embryo tissues, and their expression profiles were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, microarray data were validated with qPCR using improved Aseel and broiler embryo tissues. Results: In the differential transcripts screening, all the transcripts obtained by microarray of slow and fast growth groups were screened by fold change ≥ 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. In total, 8,069 transcripts were differentially expressed between the 7EB and 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. A further analysis showed that a high number of transcripts are differentially regulated in the 7EB of PD4 (6,896) and fewer transcripts are differentially regulated (1,173) in the 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. On the 7th- and 18th-day PD4 embryos, 3,890, 3,006, 745, and 428 transcripts were up- and downregulated, respectively. The commonly up- and downregulated transcripts are 91 and 44 between the 7th- and 18th-day of embryos. In addition, the best housekeeping gene was identified. Furthermore, we validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, myostatin signaling and development, and fatty acid metabolism genes in PD4 and CB embryo tissues by qPCR, and the results correlated with microarray expression data. Conclusion: Our study identified DEGs that regulate the myostatin signaling and differentiation pathway; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; fatty acid metabolism; Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways; tryptophan metabolism; and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in PD4. The results revealed that the gene expression architecture is present in the improved Aseel exhibiting embryo growth that will help improve muscle development, differentiation, egg production, protein synthesis, and plumage formation in PD4 native chickens. Our findings may be used as a model for improving the growth in Aseel as well as optimizing the growth in the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanakachari
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - R. Ashwini
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - T. K. Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: T. K. Bhattacharya,
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13
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Kaur N, Lum M, Lewis RE, Black AR, Black JD. A novel anti-proliferative PKCα-Ras-ERK signaling axis in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102121. [PMID: 35697074 PMCID: PMC9270260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the serine/threonine kinase PKCα triggers MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)-dependent G1→S cell cycle arrest in intestinal epithelial cells, characterized by downregulation of cyclin D1 and inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 1 (Id1) and upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1. Here, we use pharmacological inhibitors, genetic approaches, siRNA-mediated knockdown, and immunoprecipitation to further characterize anti-proliferative ERK signaling in intestinal cells. We show that PKCα signaling intersects the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK kinase cascade at the level of Ras small GTPases, and that anti-proliferative effects of PKCα require active Ras, Raf, MEK and ERK, core ERK pathway components that are also essential for pro-proliferative ERK signaling induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, PKCα-induced anti-proliferative signaling differs from EGF signaling in that it is independent of the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ras-GEFs), SOS1/2, and involves prolonged rather than transient ERK activation. PKCα forms complexes with A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf that dissociate upon pathway activation, and all three Raf isoforms can mediate PKCα-induced anti-proliferative effects. At least two PKCα-ERK pathways that collaborate to promote growth arrest were identified: one pathway requiring the Ras-GEF, RasGRP3, and H-Ras, leads to p21Cip1 upregulation, while additional pathway(s) mediate PKCα-induced cyclin D1 and Id1 downregulation. PKCα also induces ERK-dependent SOS1 phosphorylation, indicating possible negative crosstalk between anti-proliferative and growth-promoting ERK signaling. Importantly, the spatio-temporal activation of PKCα and ERK in the intestinal epithelium in vivo supports the physiological relevance of these pathways and highlights the importance of anti-proliferative ERK signaling to tissue homeostasis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Michelle Lum
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Robert E Lewis
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jennifer D Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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14
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Mosca S, Ottaviani M, Briganti S, Cardinali G, Filoni A, Cameli N, Zaccarini M, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M. Sebocytes contribute to melasma onset. iScience 2022; 25:103871. [PMID: 35252805 PMCID: PMC8891974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a hyperpigmentary disorder with photoaging features, whose manifestations appear on specific face areas, rich in sebaceous glands (SGs). To explore the SGs possible contribution to the onset, the expression of pro-melanogenic and inflammatory factors from the SZ95 SG cell line exposed to single or repetitive ultraviolet (UVA) radiation was evaluated. UVA up-modulated the long-lasting production of α-MSH, EDN1, b-FGF, SCF, inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Irradiated SZ95 sebocyte conditioned media increased pigmentation in melanocytes and the expression of senescence markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors regulating melanogenesis in fibroblasts cultures. Cocultures experiments with skin explants confirmed the role of sebocytes on melanogenesis promotion. The analysis on sebum collected from melasma patients demonstrated that in vivo sebocytes from lesional areas express the UVA-activated pathways markers observed in vitro. Our results indicate sebocytes as one of the actors in melasma pathogenesis, inducing prolonged skin cell stimulation, contributing to localized dermal aging and hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Hashimoto M, Kawai Y, Masutani T, Tanaka K, Ito K, Iddamalgoda A. Effects of a Watercress Extract Fraction on R-spondin 1-Mediated Growth of Human Hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:154-165. [PMID: 35133683 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hair loss and greying affect men and women of all ages, often causing psychosocial difficulties. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a major hair loss factor secreted from dermal papilla (DP) cells in response to the secretion of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), has been reported to induce and accelerate androgenetic alopecia (AGA). In addition, DKK1 acts as a potent suppressor of melanogenesis and is closely related to hair colour. R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) is a secretory agonist of Wnt signalling known to antagonize the effects of DKK1, including DKK1-mediated hair follicle suppression. In this study, we investigated the effect of watercress extract (WCE) on the secretion of RSPO1 and DKK1 from DP cells as well as its anti-hair loss effect in human hair follicles and patients. METHODS The in vitro secretion of RSPO1 and DKK1 was measured by ELISA. Human hair follicles were collected from the scalp of a female donor and used for ex vivo organ culture to investigate the effects of WCE on human hair loss. Finally, a 6-month human clinical trial was conducted to examine the effect of WCE-containing lotion on hair growth in a male panel. RESULTS WCE significantly upregulated RSPO1 secretion and suppressed DKK1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of DHT. WCE-treated hair follicles elongated 1.6-fold compared to the control, and the level of RSPO1 production in DP as well as RSPO1 bound to the outer root sheath (ORS) increased. In the clinical trial, the hair lotion containing 2% WCE increased hair thickness and density to improve against hair loss symptoms. CONCLUSION WCE exhibited a strong anti-androgenic effect through its ability to suppress DKK1 secretion and antagonize DKK1 via RSPO1. These findings highlighted the potential use of WCE for the treatment of hair loss. These results also showed that WCE might have an effect on hair colour since DKK1 is a suppressor of melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuka Kawai
- Research and Development Dept, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd, Gifu, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research and Development Dept, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tanaka
- Research and Development Dept, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ito
- Research and Development Dept, Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd, Gifu, Japan
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16
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Kwon SH, Na JI, Huh CH, Park KC. A Clinical and Biochemical Evaluation of a Temperature-Controlled Continuous Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Device for the Treatment of Melasma. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:522-530. [PMID: 34858003 PMCID: PMC8577901 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.6.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melasma shows characteristic histological features of photoaged skin. Objective We evaluated the effect of dermal rejuvenation using a temperature-controlled continuous non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) device on melasma. Methods Continuous skin heating at the temperature of 43°C for 20 minutes was performed in ten subjects with melasma who underwent 3 tri-weekly RF sessions. Pigmentation was evaluated with Mexameter® and investigator’s global assessment (IGA). Immunohistochemical staining and image analysis was performed to evaluate biopsies from melasma skin before and after the treatment. Results The lesional melanin index was decreased by 13.7% at week 9. IGA score was improved from 3.50 at baseline to 2.95 at week 9. No significant adverse event was reported. Histologic analysis revealed reduced melanin and increased collagen density and thickness. The expression of procollagen-1 and type IV collagen was increased after the treatment. The number of p16INK4A-positive senescent fibroblasts was reduced after the treatment, while the expression of heat shock protein 70 and 90 was increased. Stromal derived factor-1, a senescence-associated anti-melanogenic factor secreted from the fibroblasts, was up-regulated after the treatment, while the level of c-kit was not changed. Conclusion Thermal skin stimulation by the temperature-controlled continuous RF device improved melasma through dermal rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Hyo Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Im Na
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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17
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Abstract
Melanocytes are highly specialised dendritic cells that transfer melanin to keratinocytes in subcellular lysosome-like organelles called melanosomes, where melanin is synthesised and stored. Melanin is a complex pigment that provides colour and photoprotection to the skin, hair, and eyes of mammals. The regulation of melanogenesis includes various mechanisms and factors including genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors. Knowledge of the pigmentation process is important not only to understand hyperpigmentation but also to design treatments and therapies to treat them. Whitening cosmetics with anti-melanogenesis activity are very popular. In the present manuscript, we review the mechanisms and the signalling pathways involved in skin pigmentation and we specifically focus on the alteration of melanogenesis that leads to melasma and results in hyperpigmentation. Finally, current therapies and treatments including topical, oral, and phototherapies are discussed and described, with a special emphasis on the cosmetics’ action.
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18
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Syed Annuar SN, Kamaludin NF, Awang N, Chan KM. Cellular Basis of Organotin(IV) Derivatives as Anticancer Metallodrugs: A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:657599. [PMID: 34368075 PMCID: PMC8342812 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.657599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotin(IV) compounds have wide applications in industrial and agricultural fields owing to their ability to act as poly(vinyl chloride) stabilizers and catalytic agents as well as their medicinal properties. Moreover, organotin(IV) compounds may have applications as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, or antimicrobial agents based on the observation of synergistic effects following the binding of their respective ligands, resulting in the enhancement of their biological activities. In this review, we describe the antiproliferative activities of organotin(IV) compounds in various human cancer cell lines based on different types of ligands. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms through which organotin(IV) compounds induce cell death via apoptosis through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Finally, we present the mechanisms of cell cycle arrest induced by organotin(IV) compounds. Our report provides a basis for studies of the antitumor activities of organotin(IV) compounds and highlights the potential applications of these compounds as anticancer metallodrugs with low toxicity and few side effects.
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19
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Hushcha Y, Blo I, Oton-Gonzalez L, Mauro GD, Martini F, Tognon M, Mattei MD. microRNAs in the Regulation of Melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116104. [PMID: 34198907 PMCID: PMC8201055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process leading to the synthesis of melanin, the main substance that influences skin color and plays a pivotal role against UV damage. Altered melanogenesis is observed in several pigmentation disorders. Melanogenesis occurs in specialized cells called melanocytes, physically and functionally related by means of autocrine and paracrine interplay to other skin cell types. Several external and internal factors control melanin biosynthesis and operate through different intracellular signaling pathways, which finally leads to the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), the key transcription factor involved in melanogenesis and the expression of the main melanogenic enzymes, including TYR, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2. Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in melanogenesis regulation. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs, of approximately 22 nucleotides in length, which control cell behavior by regulating gene expression, mainly by binding the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNAs. This review collects data on the miRNAs involved in melanogenesis and how these miRNAs can modulate target gene expression. Bringing to light the biological function of miRNAs could lead to a wider understanding of epigenetic melanogenesis regulation and its dysregulation. This knowledge may constitute the basis for developing innovative treatment approaches for pigmentation dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Blo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Lucia Oton-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Giulia Di Mauro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (I.B.); (L.O.-G.); (G.D.M.); (F.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455534
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20
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Upadhyay PR, Ho T, Abdel-Malek ZA. Participation of keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived factors in melanocyte homeostasis, the response to UV, and pigmentary disorders. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:762-776. [PMID: 33973367 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal melanocytes play a central role in sensing the environment and protecting the skin from the drastic effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and other environmental toxins or inflammatory agents. Melanocytes survive in the epidermis for decades, which subjects them to chronic environmental insults. Melanocytes have a poor self-renewal capacity; therefore, it is critical to ensure their survival with genomic stability. The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. A symbiotic relationship exists between epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes on the one hand, and between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts on the other hand. Melanocytes protect epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from the damaging effects of solar radiation, and the latter cells synthesize biochemical mediators that maintain the homeostasis, and regulate the stress response of melanocytes. Disruption of the paracrine network results in pigmentary disorders, due to abnormal regulation of melanin synthesis, and compromise of melanocyte survival or genomic stability. This review provides an update of the current knowledge of keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived paracrine factors and their contribution to melanocyte physiology, and how their abnormal production is involved in the pathogenesis of common pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth R Upadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tina Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zalfa A Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Altayeb W, Hamadah O, Alhaffar BA, Abdullah A, Romanos G. Gingival depigmentation with diode and Er,Cr:YSGG laser: evaluating re-pigmentation rate and patient perceptions. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5351-5361. [PMID: 33624200 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of depigmentation, patient perceptions, and the recurrence rates of physiological gingival pigments during a 2-year follow-up after ablative depigmentation using two laser wavelengths: diode 940 nm and Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients exhibiting physiological melanin hyperpigmentation in the buccal maxillary gingiva were randomly divided into two equal groups treated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2780 nm, and a 940 nm diode laser, respectively. The depigmentation procedure essentially involves the ablation of epithelial tissue exhibiting melanin pigmentation. The intensity and extensity indices of gingival pigments were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years. RESULTS At all time points following depigmentation treatment, oral pigmentation index (OPI) and melanin pigmentation index (MPI) scores were less significantly (p <0.05) compared to the baseline in both groups. Treatment was significantly faster with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and required no anesthesia, with faster healing and less postoperative discomfort after 1-week of treatment, compared to the diode laser treatment (p <0.001). The re-pigmentation intensity and extensity were higher significantly in the Er,Cr:YSGG group than in the diode group at 1 year and 2 years (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Both lasers efficiently removed gingival pigments with comparable clinical outcomes and overall positive patient experience. Diode laser treatment exhibited better long-term stability of gingival color, with a lower incidence of re-pigmentation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The color of the gingiva plays an important role in the esthetics of oral soft tissues and the overall ideal smile. Laser-assisted gingival depigmentation is an effective, comfortable, and reliable technique with good esthetical outcomes. The rate of re-pigmentation was affected by the laser wavelength and the technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Altayeb
- Department of Periodontology, Tamim Dental Polyclinic, P.O. Box 13876, Alwaab Street, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Omar Hamadah
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Bahaa Aldin Alhaffar
- Department of Oral Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Georgios Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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22
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Sun W, Chen X, Nan X, Zhang J, Dong L, Ji W, Sheng G, Zhou Q. Inhibition of persimmon tannin extract on guinea pig skin pigmentation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2648-2656. [PMID: 33480158 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In daily life, excessive exposure to ultraviolet light can lead to pigmentation. AIMS This study is to determine the mechanism of persimmon tannin extract in inhibiting pigmentation, to investigate whether the effect of persimmon tannin extract is superior to that of arbutin, and to detect the optimal concentration. METHODS In this study, the guinea pig pigmentation model was established by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. With arbutin as a positive control, Masson-Fontana silver staining was used to observe the effects of persimmon tannin extract on melanin distribution in guinea pigs' skin tissue. Then, the tyrosinase activity was measured, and an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to investigate the contents of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory factors, and signaling pathway inhibitors in guinea pigs' skin tissue. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the model group, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, DKK1 content of Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway inhibitors levels, and inhibitory tyrosinase activity were increased by 24.3%, 33.3%, 59.3%, 36.81%, and 17.16%, respectively. Meanwhile, the interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression were reduced by approximately 22.2% and 54%. The results also showed that persimmon tannin extract could significantly reduce melanin density. The differences in experimental results were statistically significant (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the arbutin group, the medium-dose group (persimmon tannin extract of 20%) had a more significant effect on inhibiting pigmentation. Persimmon tannin could serve as a promising agent for preventing skin pigmentation. It is expected to provide ideas for the development of deep-processed persimmon products related to functional foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Xuanhong Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Xijun Nan
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tieshan Tree Forestry Centre, Zibo, China
| | - Leichao Dong
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Guihua Sheng
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
| | - Quancheng Zhou
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Key Laboratory of Functionalization of Agricultural Products in Universities, Zibo, China
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Georgakopoulou EA, Valsamidi C, Veroutis D, Havaki S. The bright and dark side of skin senescence. Could skin rejuvenation anti-senescence interventions become a "bright" new strategy for the prevention of age-related skin pathologies? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 193:111409. [PMID: 33249190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The number of senescent cells in the skin is increasing with age. Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the role of these cells in normal aging of the skin as well as in age-related skin conditions. In recent years, attempts have also been made to find treatments that aim either to cleanse the skin tissues of senescent cells or to neutralize their effects (referred to as senolytics and senomorphics respectively) and thus prevent the consequences, particularly on the skin's appearance in advanced age. Through this review, we have tried to gather data on the role of senescent cells in the skin, in treatments aimed at removing them, and we are asking a reasonable question as to whether anti-senescence treatments may contribute to the protection against age-related skin pathologies, including skin cancer, such as non-melanoma skin cancer, in addition to their involvement in skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A Georgakopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Valsamidi
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece.
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24
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Tian X, Cui Z, Liu S, Zhou J, Cui R. Melanosome transport and regulation in development and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107707. [PMID: 33075361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanosomes are specialized membrane-bound organelles that synthesize and organize melanin, ultimately providing color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Disorders in melanogenesis and melanosome transport are linked to pigmentary diseases, such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and Griscelli syndrome. Clinical cases of these pigmentary diseases shed light on the molecular mechanisms that control melanosome-related pathways. However, only an improved understanding of melanogenesis and melanosome transport will further the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Herein, we review the current literature surrounding melanosomes with particular emphasis on melanosome membrane transport and cytoskeleton-mediated melanosome transport. We also provide perspectives on melanosome regulatory mechanisms which include hormonal action, inflammation, autophagy, and organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ziyong Cui
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Song Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Karadağ Köse Ö, Borlu M. Efficacy of the combination of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and microneedling for melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:769-775. [PMID: 32696614 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is a common, multifactorial, and recurring disease which is not easy to treat. AIMS The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of microneedling in combination with Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (QsNd-YAG laser) for treatment of melasma. PATIENTS/METHODS Fifteen female patients with epidermal or mixed-type melasma on the face were included in the study. Patients were first treated with QsNd-YAG laser, and then with microneedling containing mesotherapy products of biomimetic peptides, at the same session. Modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) scores were calculated before the first session and again 2 weeks after the last session. The same treatment protocol was repeated every 2 weeks for five sessions within period of 3 months of therapy. The evaluation was performed according to the before and after photographs taken from three angles including 90-degree front and 45 degrees from left and right with the VISIA device. RESULTS Of the 15 patients included in the study, the mean mMASI scores before and after treatment were 9.2 ± 5.7 (3.8-23.1) and 3.6 ± 4.0 (0.6-16.8), respectively. mMASI scores were significantly reduced after completion of the protocol. Six (40%) patients had "very good response," 4 (26.7%) patients had "good response," and 5 (33.3%) patients were "unresponsive." Six (40%) patients were followed up for 1 year, and only 1 patient had a recurrence (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS In addition to the use of photoprotective measures, multimodality treatment including QsNd-YAG laser and microneedling with mesotherapy products containing biomimetic peptides is effective to treat melasma and they work synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Karadağ Köse
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Saltat Policlinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Borlu
- Department of Dermatology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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26
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Bronzina E, Clement A, Marie B, Fook Chong KT, Faure P, Passeron T. Efficacy and tolerability on melasma of a topical cosmetic product acting on melanocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells: a randomized comparative trial against 4% hydroquinone. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:897-903. [PMID: 31858658 PMCID: PMC7154540 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent data demonstrated that an altered basal membrane, activated melanocytes and secreted factors from keratinocytes but also fibroblasts and endothelial cells are involved in the pathophysiology of melasma. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability on melasma of a new topical skin‐lightening cosmetic product combination (CCP) targeting several factors identified to be involved in melasma pathogenesis compared to 4% hydroquinone (HQ). Methods Forty‐three women with melasma were enrolled in a 12‐week double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group trial and treated with CCP or 4% HQ cream. Efficacy was evaluated with the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) score and colorimetric change. Cutaneous tolerability and patient satisfaction were also investigated. Results The mMASI score decreased for both products from baseline and over the study period. At week 12, 90% of the subjects who received the combination products had an improvement in pigmentation vs. 79% with HQ. Similarly, both products significantly increased Individual Typological Angle parameters. For both measures, no statistically significant difference was observed between CCP and HQ in terms of change from baseline. CPP was very well tolerated. Conclusions Cosmetic product combination is as effective as HQ in the management of facial dyspigmentation and represents a safe alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Marie
- Insight Research - Dermscan Group, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
| | - K T Fook Chong
- Insight Research - Dermscan Group, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
| | - P Faure
- DEWAVRIN GROUP, Wasquehal, France
| | - T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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27
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Bellei B, Picardo M. Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100981. [PMID: 31733332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although senescence was originally described as an in vitro acquired cellular characteristic, it was recently recognized that senescence is physiologically and pathologically involved in aging and age-related diseases in vivo. The definition of cellular senescence has expanded to include the growth arrest caused by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage, inadequate mitochondria function, activated oncogene or tumor suppressor genes and oxidative stress. While senescence in normal aging involves various tissues over time and contributes to a decline in tissue function even with healthy aging, disease-induced premature senescence may be restricted to one or a few organs triggering a prolonged and more intense rate of accumulation of senescent cells than in normal aging. Organ-specific high senescence rate could lead to chronic diseases, especially in post-mitotic rich tissue. Recently, two opposite acquired pathological conditions related to skin pigmentation were described to be associated with premature senescence: vitiligo and melasma. In both cases, it was demonstrated that pathological dysfunctions are not restricted to melanocytes, the cell type responsible for melanin production and transport to surrounding keratinocytes. Similar to physiological melanogenesis, dermal and epidermal cells contribute directly and indirectly to deregulate skin pigmentation as a result of complex intercellular communication. Thus, despite senescence usually being reported as a uniform phenotype sharing the expression of characteristic markers, skin senescence involving mainly the dermal compartment and its paracrine function could be associated with the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions and with the exacerbated activity of melanocytes in the hyperpigmentation spots of melasma. This suggests that the difference may arise in melanocyte intrinsic differences and/or in highly defined microenvironment peculiarities poorly explored at the current state of the art. A similar dualistic phenotype has been attributed to intratumoral stromal cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts presenting a senescent-like phenotype which influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. Here, we present a framework dissecting senescent-related molecular alterations shared by vitiligo and melasma patients and we also discuss disease-specific differences representing new challenges for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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28
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29
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Wang G, Yu S, Liao J. Identification and Characterisation of Alternative Splice Variants of Hoxb9 and Their Correlation with Melanogenesis in the Black-Boned Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Leshan Normal University, China
| | - S Yu
- Leshan Normal University, China
| | - J Liao
- Leshan Normal University, China
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30
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Abolins-Abols M, Kornobis E, Ribeca P, Wakamatsu K, Peterson MP, Ketterson ED, Milá B. Differential gene regulation underlies variation in melanic plumage coloration in the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis
). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4501-4515. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikus Abolins-Abols
- Department of Animal Biology; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington Indiana
| | - Etienne Kornobis
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | | | | | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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31
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Rani S, Kumari U, Bhardwaj S, Parsad D, Sharma VL, Kumar R. Decreased expression of neuregulin1 in the lesional skin of vitiligo patients. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:242-249. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rani
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Uma Kumari
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
| | - Supriya Bhardwaj
- Department of Dermatology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research; Chandigarh India
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology; Panjab University; Chandigarh India
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32
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Serre C, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of human skin melanogenesis and pigmentation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:328-347. [PMID: 29752874 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In human skin, melanogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Indeed, several extracellular signals are transduced via dedicated signalling pathways and mostly converge to MITF, a transcription factor integrating upstream signalling and regulating downstream genes involved in the various inherent mechanisms modulating melanogenesis. The synthesis of melanin pigments occurs in melanocytes inside melanosomes where melanogenic enzymes (tyrosinase and related proteins) are addressed with the help of specific protein complexes. The melanosomes loaded with melanin are then transferred to keratinocytes. A more elaborate level of melanogenesis regulation comes into play via the action of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs). Besides this canonical regulation, melanogenesis can also be modulated by other non-specific intrinsic pathways (hormonal environment, inflammation) and by extrinsic factors (solar irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, environmental pollution). We developed a bioinformatic interaction network gathering the multiple aspects of melanogenesis and skin pigmentation as a resource to better understand and study skin pigmentation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Serre
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
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33
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Effect of Dickkopf1 on the senescence of melanocytes: in vitro study. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:343-350. [PMID: 29442138 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts secrete several growth factors which are important for the regulation of skin pigmentation. Dickkopf1 (DKK1) is also secreted by fibroblasts which inhibit the growth and function of melanocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to check the role of DKK1 in vitiligo pathogenesis. This study confirmed the higher expression of DKK1 in lesional skin of vitiligo patients. In vitro effect of DKK1 on cultured melanocytes revealed decrease in the melanocytes proliferation and pigmentation. In vitro effect of DKK1 was then checked on the melanocytes senescence and found that DKK1 induced senescence in the treated melanocytes. Expression of senescence markers was significantly higher in DKK1 treated melanocytes. This study suggests that higher expression of DKK1 in the dermis induced senescence in melanocytes that may lead to hypopigmentation and play role in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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34
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Parida S, Chakraborty S, Maji RK, Ghosh Z. Elucidating the gene regulatory networks modulating cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Genomics 2018; 111:103-113. [PMID: 29355597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer have perplexed investigators for decades. The most prevalent type of it is the high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOv) which is a highly aggressive disease with high relapse rates and insurgence of chemo-resistance at later stages of treatment. These are driven by a rare population of stem cell like cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). We have taken up a systems approach to find out the common gene interaction paths between non-CSC tumor cells (CCs) and CSCs in HGSOv. Detailed investigation reveals a set of 17 Transcription Factors (named as pivot-TFs) which can govern changes in the mode of gene regulation along these paths. Overall, this work highlights a divergent road map of functional information relayed by these common key players in the two cell states, which might aid towards designing novel therapeutic measures to target the CSCs for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibun Parida
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | | | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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35
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Passeron T, Picardo M. Melasma, a photoaging disorder. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:461-465. [PMID: 29285880 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melasma is a common hyperpigmentary disorder. The impact on the quality of life of affected individuals is well demonstrated, demanding new therapeutic strategies. However, the treatment of melasma remains highly challenging. Melasma is often considered as the main consequence of female hormone stimulation on a predisposed genetic background. Although these two factors do contribute to this acquired pigmentary disorder, the last decade has revealed several other key players and brought new pieces to the complex puzzle of the pathophysiology of melasma. Here, we summarize the latest evidence on the pathophysiology of melasma, and we suggest that melasma might be a photoaging skin disorder affecting genetically predisposed individuals. Such data must be taken into consideration by clinicians as they could have a profound impact on the treatment and the prevention of melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte D'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France.,INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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36
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Hwang I, Hong S. Neural Stem Cells and Its Derivatives as a New Material for Melanin Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010036. [PMID: 29271951 PMCID: PMC5795986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pigment molecule, melanin, is produced from melanosomes of melanocytes through melanogenesis, which is a complex process involving a combination of chemical and enzymatically catalyzed reactions. The synthesis of melanin is primarily influenced by tyrosinase (TYR), which has attracted interest as a target molecule for the regulation of pigmentation or depigmentation in skin. Thus, direct inhibitors of TYR activity have been sought from various natural and synthetic materials. However, due to issues with these inhibitors, such as weak or permanent ability for depigmentation, allergy, irritant dermatitis and rapid oxidation, in vitro and in vivo, the development of new materials that inhibit melanin production is essential. A conditioned medium (CM) derived from stem cells contains many cell-secreted factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and extracellular vesicles including exosomes. In addition, the secreted factors could negatively regulate melanin production through stimulation of a microenvironment of skin tissue in a paracrine manner, which allows the neural stem cell CM to be explored as a new material for skin depigmentation. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regulating depigmentation, and discuss the potential of neural stem cells and their derivatives, as a new material for skin depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insik Hwang
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University Graduate School, 22 Gil Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Korea.
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37
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Gan EY, Eleftheriadou V, Esmat S, Hamzavi I, Passeron T, Böhm M, Anbar T, Goh BK, Lan CCE, Lui H, Ramam M, Raboobee N, Katayama I, Suzuki T, Parsad D, Seth V, Lim HW, van Geel N, Mulekar S, Harris J, Wittal R, Benzekri L, Gauthier Y, Kumarasinghe P, Thng STG, Silva de Castro CC, Abdallah M, Vrijman C, Bekkenk M, Seneschal J, Pandya AG, Ezzedine K, Picardo M, Taïeb A. Repigmentation in vitiligo: position paper of the Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:28-40. [PMID: 27864868 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference (VGICC), through an international e-Delphi consensus, concluded that 'repigmentation' and 'maintenance of gained repigmentation' are essential core outcome measures in future vitiligo trials. This VGICC position paper addresses these core topics in two sections and includes an atlas depicting vitiligo repigmentation patterns and color match. The first section delineates mechanisms and characteristics of vitiligo repigmentation, and the second section summarizes the outcomes of international meeting discussions and two e-surveys on vitiligo repigmentation, which had been carried out over 3 yr. Treatment is defined as successful if repigmentation exceeds 80% and at least 80% of the gained repigmentation is maintained for over 6 months. No agreement was found on the best outcome measure for assessing target or global repigmentation, therefore highlighting the limitations of e-surveys in addressing clinical measurements. Until there is a clear consensus, existing tools should be selected according to the specific needs of each study. A workshop will be conducted to address the remaining issues so as to achieve a consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Gan
- National Skin Centre, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Samia Esmat
- Dermatology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France.,INSERM U1065, Team 12, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tag Anbar
- Dermatology Department, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Boon Kee Goh
- Skin Physicians, Mount Elizabeth Medical Center, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Harvey Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Ramam
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaneeta Seth
- Department of Dermatology, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Henry W Lim
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanjeev Mulekar
- National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Mulekar Clinic, Mumbai, India
| | - John Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Richard Wittal
- Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Skin and Cancer Foundation, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Beecroft Dermatology, Beecroft, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laila Benzekri
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, Department of Dermatology, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yvon Gauthier
- Pigmentary Disorders Outpatient Clinic, Bordeaux, France
| | - Prasad Kumarasinghe
- Department of Dermatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital and University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Marwa Abdallah
- Dermatology, Andrology & Venereology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Charlotte Vrijman
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U 1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amit G Pandya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,EA EpiDermE (Epidémiologie en Dermatologie et Evaluation des Thérapeutiques), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous pathophysiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alain Taïeb
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U 1035, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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38
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Jadon DR, Sengupta R, Nightingale A, Lu H, Dunphy J, Green A, Elder JT, Nair RP, Korendowych E, Lindsay MA, McHugh NJ. Serum bone-turnover biomarkers are associated with the occurrence of peripheral and axial arthritis in psoriatic disease: a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:210. [PMID: 28934972 PMCID: PMC5609020 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A recent systematic review identified four candidate serum-soluble bone-turnover biomarkers (dickkopf-1, Dkk-1; macrophage-colony stimulating factor, M-CSF; matrix metalloproteinase-3, MMP-3; osteoprotegerin, OPG) showing possible association with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We aimed to: (i) confirm and determine if these four biomarkers are associated with PsA; (ii) differentiate psoriasis cases with and without arthritis; and (iii) differentiate PsA cases with and without axial arthritis. Methods A prospective cross-sectional comparative two-centre study recruited 200 patients with psoriasis without arthritis (PsC), 127 with PsA without axial arthritis (pPsA), 117 with PsA with axial arthritis (psoriatic spondyloarthritis, PsSpA), 157 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) without psoriasis, and 50 matched healthy controls (HC). Serum biomarker concentrations were measured using ELISA. Multivariable regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher and M-CSF significantly lower in each arthritis disease group compared with HC (p ≤ 0.02). MMP-3 concentrations were significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio, ORadj 1.02 per ng/ml increase in concentration; p = 0.0004) and M-CSF significantly lower (ORadj 0.44 per ng/ml increase; p = 0.01) in PsA (pPsA and PsSpA combined) compared with PsC. Dkk-1 concentrations were significantly higher (ORadj 1.22 per ng/mL increase; p = 0.01), and OPG concentrations significantly lower (ORadj 0.20 per ng/mL increase; p = 0.02) in patients with axial arthritis (PsSpA and AS combined) than in those without (pPsA). Furthermore, Dkk-1 concentrations were significantly higher along a spectrum of increasing axial arthritis; Dkk-1 concentrations were higher in AS compared with PsSpA (ORadj 1.18 per ng/mL increase; p = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed MMP-3 to be the best single biomarker for differentiating PsA from PsC (AUC 0.70 for a cut-off of 14.51 ng/mL; sensitivity 0.76, specificity 0.60). Conclusions MMP-3 and M-CSF are biomarkers for the presence of arthritis in psoriatic disease, and could therefore be used to screen for PsA in psoriasis cohorts. Dkk-1 and OPG are biomarkers of axial arthritis; they could therefore be used to screen for the presence of axial disease in PsA cases, and help differentiate PsSpA from AS. High concentrations of Dkk-1 in AS and PsSpA compared with HC, support previous reports that Dkk-1 is dysfunctional in the spondyloarthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R Jadon
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK. .,Department of Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHSFT, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Raj Sengupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | | | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Juliet Dunphy
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Amelia Green
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eleanor Korendowych
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Neil J McHugh
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK.,Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Precise role of dermal fibroblasts on melanocyte pigmentation. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:159-166. [PMID: 28711237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are traditionally recognized as synthesizing, remodeling and depositing collagen and extracellular matrix, the structural framework for tissues, helping to bring thickness and firmness to the skin. However, the role of fibroblasts on skin pigmentation arouses concern recently. More is known about the interactions between epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes. This review highlights the importance of fibroblast-derived melanogenic paracrine mediators in the regulation of melanocyte activities. Fibroblasts act on melanocytes directly and indirectly through neighboring cells by secreting a large number of cytokines (SCF), proteins (DKK1, sFRP, Sema7a, CCN, FAP-α) and growth factors (KGF, HGF, bFGF, NT-3, NRG-1, TGF-β) which bind to receptors and modulate intracellular signaling cascades (MAPK/ERK, cAMP/PKA, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt) related to melanocyte functions. These factors influence the growth, the pigmentation of melanocytes via the expression of melanin-producing enzymes and melanosome transfer, as well as their dendricity, mobility and adhesive properties. Thus, fibroblasts are implicated in both skin physiological and pathological pigmentation. In order to investigate their contribution, various in vitro models have been developed, based on cellular senescence. UV exposure, a major factor implicated in pigmentary disorders, may affect the secretory crosstalk between dermal and epithelial cells. Therefore, identification of the interactions between fibroblasts and melanocytes could provide novel insights not only for the development of melanogenic agents in the clinical and cosmetic fields, but also for a better understanding of the melanocyte biology and melanogenesis regulation.
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40
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Sirimahachaiyakul P, Sood RF, Muffley LA, Seaton M, Lin CT, Qiao L, Armaly JS, Hocking AM, Gibran NS. Race Does Not Predict Melanocyte Heterogeneous Responses to Dermal Fibroblast-Derived Mediators. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139135. [PMID: 26418010 PMCID: PMC4587942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal pigmentation following cutaneous injury causes significant patient distress and represents a barrier to recovery. Wound depth and patient characteristics influence scar pigmentation. However, we know little about the pathophysiology leading to hyperpigmentation in healed shallow wounds and hypopigmentation in deep dermal wound scars. We sought to determine whether dermal fibroblast signaling influences melanocyte responses. Methods and Materials Epidermal melanocytes from three Caucasians and three African-Americans were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire genome. Melanocyte genetic profiles were determined using principal component analysis. We assessed melanocyte phenotype and gene expression in response to dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium and determined potential mesenchymal mediators by proteome profiling the fibroblast-conditioned medium. Results Six melanocyte samples demonstrated significant variability in phenotype and gene expression at baseline and in response to fibroblast-conditioned medium. Genetic profiling for SNPs in receptors for 13 identified soluble fibroblast-secreted mediators demonstrated considerable heterogeneity, potentially explaining the variable melanocyte responses to fibroblast-conditioned medium. Discussion Our data suggest that melanocytes respond to dermal fibroblast-derived mediators independent of keratinocytes and raise the possibility that mesenchymal-epidermal interactions influence skin pigmentation during cutaneous scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi F. Sood
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Muffley
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Max Seaton
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Ta Lin
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Liang Qiao
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Armaly
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Hocking
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Gibran
- University of Washington Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Apopo S, Liu H, Jing L, Du X, Xie S, Gong Y, Xu R, Li S. Identification and profiling of microRNAs associated with white and black plumage pigmentation in the white and black feather bulbs of ducks by RNA sequencing. Anim Genet 2015; 46:627-35. [PMID: 26369256 DOI: 10.1111/age.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in many biological processes by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. However, the mechanism by which specific miRNAs may regulate plumage pigmentation has remained largely elusive. In this study, we sequenced miRNAs using Solexa sequencing and then performed a detailed analysis of their expression profiles between the black and white feather bulbs of ducks from Cui Hei, Kaiya, Liancheng pure breeds and a Kaiya-Liancheng F2 population. mirdeep2 software identified 121 conserved and eight novel miRNAs. Five differentially expressed miRNAs between the two tissues types were also identified by degseq software. Notably, miR-204 was predominantly expressed in black feather bulbs. To further validate the sequencing data, we applied stem-loop quantitative PCR of ten known miRNAs based on the identified sequences. Furthermore, in exploring the temporal expression pattern of miR-204, we performed profiling in nine duck tissues. The targets of these miRNAs were predicted using a PITA algorithm and were later grouped based on Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis using the DAVID website. The melanogenesis pathway was among the identified signalling pathways, implying key roles of these miRNAs in plumage pigmentation. Expression analysis of the target genes in the melanogenesis pathways was also performed. This study provides the foundation for subsequent studies on the prospective practical role for such miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation linked to plumage pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Apopo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - L Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - X Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.,College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - S Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Y Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - R Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
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Biological Events in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Associated with Application of Orthodontic Forces. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:876509. [PMID: 26421314 PMCID: PMC4572431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic force-induced stresses cause dynamic alterations within the extracellular matrix and within the cytoskeleton of cells in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, mediating bone remodelling, ultimately enabling orthodontic tooth movement. In the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, the mechanically induced tensile strains upregulate the expression of osteogenic genes resulting in bone formation, while mechanically induced compressive strains mediate predominantly catabolic tissue changes and bone resorption. In this review article we summarize some of the currently known biological events occurring in the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone in response to application of orthodontic forces and how these facilitate tooth movement.
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43
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Endothelial Cells Promote Pigmentation through Endothelin Receptor B Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3096-3104. [PMID: 26308584 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Findings of increased vascularization in melasma lesions and hyperpigmentation in acquired bilateral telangiectatic macules suggested a link between pigmentation and vascularization. Using high-magnification digital epiluminescence dermatoscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and histological examination, we showed that benign vascular lesions of the skin have restricted but significant hyperpigmentation compared with the surrounding skin. We then studied the role of microvascular endothelial cells in regulating skin pigmentation using an in vitro co-culture model using endothelial cells and melanocytes. These experiments showed that endothelin 1 released by microvascular endothelial cells induces increased melanogenesis signaling, characterized by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor phosphorylation, and increased tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase levels. Immunostaining for endothelin 1 in vascular lesions confirmed the increased expression on the basal layer of the epidermis above small vessels compared with perilesional skin. Endothelin acts through the activation of endothelin receptor B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and p38, to induce melanogenesis. Finally, culturing of reconstructed skin with microvascular endothelial cells led to increased skin pigmentation that could be prevented by inhibiting EDNRB. Taken together these results demonstrated the role of underlying microvascularization in skin pigmentation, a finding that could open new fields of research for regulating physiological pigmentation and for treating pigmentation disorders such as melasma.
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44
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Zheng Z, Kang HY, Lee S, Kang SW, Goo B, Cho SB. Up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 expression and FGF-WNT/β-catenin signaling in laser-induced wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:660-5. [PMID: 25041895 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 is secreted by both mesothelial and epithelial cells, and plays important roles in organ development and wound healing via WNT/β-catenin signaling. The aim of this study was to evaluate FGF9 expression and FGF-WNT/β-catenin signaling during wound healing of the skin. We investigated FGF9 expression and FGF-WNT/β-catenin signaling after laser ablation of mouse skin and adult human skin, as well as in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) upon stimulation with recombinant human (rh) FGF9 and rh-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Our results showed that laser ablation of both mouse skin and human skin leads to marked overexpression of FGF9 and FGF9 mRNA. Control NHEKs constitutively expressed FGF9, WNT7b, WNT2, and β-catenin, but did not show Snail or FGF receptor (FGFR) 2 expression. We also found that FGFR2 was significantly induced in NHEKs by rhFGF9 stimulation, and observed that FGFR2 expression was slightly up-regulated on particular days during the wound healing process after ablative laser therapy. Both WNT7b and WNT2 showed up-regulated protein expression during the laser-induced wound healing process in mouse skin; moreover, we discerned that the stimulatory effect of rhFGF9 and rhTGF-β1 activates WNT/β-catenin signaling via WNT7b in cultured NHEKs. Our data indicated that rhFGF9 and/or rhTGF-β1 up-regulate FGFR2, WNT7b, and β-catenin, but not FGF9 and Snail; pretreatment with rh dickkopf-1 significantly inhibited the up-regulation of FGFR2, WNT7b, and β-catenin. Our results suggested that FGF9 and FGF-WNT/β-catenin signaling may play important roles in ablative laser-induced wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
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45
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Samuelov L, Sprecher E, Paus R. The role of P-cadherin in skin biology and skin pathology: lessons from the hair follicle. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:761-71. [PMID: 25707507 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are one of the major intercellular junctions in various epithelia including the epidermis and the follicular epithelium. AJs connect the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton and comprise classic transmembrane cadherins, such as P-cadherin, armadillo family proteins, and actin microfilaments. Loss-of-function mutations in CDH3, which encodes P-cadherin, result in two allelic autosomal recessive disorders: hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) and ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy (EEM) syndromes. Both syndromes feature sparse hair heralding progressive macular dystrophy. EEM syndrome is characterized in addition by ectodermal and limb defects. Recent studies have demonstrated that, together with its involvement in cell-cell adhesion, P-cadherin plays a crucial role in regulating cell signaling, malignant transformation, and other major intercellular processes. Here, we review the roles of P-cadherin in skin and hair biology, with emphasize on human hair growth, cycling and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Samuelov
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel,
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46
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Biedermann T, Böttcher-Haberzeth S, Klar AS, Widmer DS, Pontiggia L, Weber AD, Weber DM, Schiestl C, Meuli M, Reichmann E. The influence of stromal cells on the pigmentation of tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal skin grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:960-9. [PMID: 25300246 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown in vitro that melanocyte proliferation and function in palmoplantar skin is regulated by mesenchymal factors derived from fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated in vivo the influence of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in human tissue-engineered skin substitutes reconstructed from palmar- and nonpalmoplantar-derived fibroblasts. Tissue-engineered dermo-epidermal analogs based on collagen type I hydrogels were populated with either human palmar or nonpalmoplantar fibroblasts and seeded with human nonpalmoplantar-derived melanocytes and keratinocytes. These skin substitutes were transplanted onto full-thickness skin wounds of immunoincompetent rats. Four weeks after transplantation the development of skin color was measured and grafts were excised and analyzed with regard to epidermal characteristics, in particular melanocyte number and function. Skin substitutes containing palmar-derived fibroblasts in comparison to nonpalmoplantar-derived fibroblasts showed (a) a significantly lighter pigmentation; (b) a reduced amount of epidermal melanin granules; and (c) a distinct melanosome expression. However, the number of melanocytes in the basal layer remained similar in both transplantation groups. These findings demonstrate that human palmar fibroblasts regulate the function of melanocytes in human pigmented dermo-epidermal skin substitutes after transplantation, whereas the number of melanocytes remains constant. This underscores the influence of site-specific stromal cells and their importance when constructing skin substitutes for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Biedermann
- 1 Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Inoue Y, Date Y, Arima M, Yagami A, Iwata Y, Takahashi M, Yamamoto N, Mizutani H, Nakata S, Matsunaga K, Akamatsu H. Accelerated differentiation of melanocyte stem cells contributes to the formation of hyperpigmented maculae. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:652-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yasushi Date
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Yagami
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; Fujita Health University Joint Research Laboratory; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizutani
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Satoru Nakata
- Research Laboratories; Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co. Ltd.; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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Feller L, Chandran R, Kramer B, Khammissa RA, Altini M, Lemmer J. Melanocyte biology and function with reference to oral melanin hyperpigmentation in HIV-seropositive subjects. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:837-43. [PMID: 25026474 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The color of normal skin and of oral mucosa is not determined by the number of melanocytes in the epithelium but rather by their melanogenic activity. Pigmented biopolymers or melanins are synthesized in melanosomes. Tyrosinase is the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of both brown/black eumelanin and yellow/red pheomelanin. The number of the melanosomes within the melanocytes, the type of melanin within the melanosomes, and the efficacy of the transfer of melanosomes from the melanocytes to the neighboring keratinocytes all play an important role in tissue pigmentation. Melanin production is regulated by locally produced factors including proopiomelanocortin and its derivative peptides, particularly alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), adrenergic and cholinergic agents, growth factors, cytokines, and nitric oxide. Both eumelanin and pheomelanin can be produced by the same melanocytes, and the proportion of the two melanin types is influenced by the degree of functional activity of the α-MSH/MC1R intracellular pathway. The cause of HIV oral melanosis is not fully understood but may be associated with HIV-induced cytokine dysregulation, with the medications commonly prescribed to HIV-seropositive persons, and with adrenocortical dysfunction, which is not uncommon in HIV-seropositive subjects with AIDS. The purpose of this article is to discuss some aspects of melanocyte biology and HIV-associated oral melanin hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa
| | - Rakesh Chandran
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa
| | - Beverley Kramer
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Razia A.G. Khammissa
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa
| | - Mario Altini
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Johan Lemmer
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa
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Larivière N, Law J, Trinkle-Mulcahy L. Dissection of a novel autocrine signaling pathway via quantitative secretome and interactome mapping. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3432-43. [PMID: 24956037 DOI: 10.1021/pr500392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is a balancing act governed by a multitude of underlying regulatory events, and several growth factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in regulation of the balance between proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. We show here that the signal transducer/transcription factor FIZ1 (Flt3 interacting zinc finger protein-1) is a previously unknown player in this regulatory axis, promoting an increase in proliferation of HaCaT human immortalized keratinocytes that is driven by more rapid G1/S progression and mediated by activation of the MAP/ERK kinase pathway. Utilizing quantitative SILAC-based secretome analysis, we identified the insulin growth factor binding protein IGFBP3 as the key mediating factor, demonstrating that elevated FIZ1 levels promote increased IGFBP3 expression and secretion and a concurrent increased sensitivity to IGF1 signaling, while antibody-based neutralization of IGFBP3 abrogates the FIZ1-induced growth advantage. To identify underlying protein-protein interactions likely to govern these events, we mapped the interactome of FIZ1 and found eight novel binding partners that form complexes with the protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus. These include signal transduction and transcription factors and the cell cycle regulatory NDR (Nuclear Dbf2-related) kinases. Our results provide further insight into the complex balance of epidermal homeostasis and identify FIZ1 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Larivière
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa , 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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50
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Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs between white and black hair follicles by RNA-sequencing in the goat (Capra hircus). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9531-45. [PMID: 24879525 PMCID: PMC4100108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in many biological processes by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs have been identified from livestock species. However, compared with other animals, such as pigs and cows, the number of miRNAs identified in goats is quite low, particularly in hair follicles. In this study, to investigate the functional roles of miRNAs in goat hair follicles of goats with different coat colors, we sequenced miRNAs from two hair follicles samples (white and black) using Solexa sequencing. A total of 35,604,016 reads were obtained, which included 30,878,637 clean reads (86.73%). MiRDeep2 software identified 214 miRNAs. Among them, 205 were conserved among species and nine were novel miRNAs. Furthermore, DESeq software identified six differentially expressed miRNAs. Quantitative PCR confirmed differential expression of two miRNAs, miR-10b and miR-211. KEGG pathways were analyzed using the DAVID website for the predicted target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Several signaling pathways including Notch and MAPK pathways may affect the process of coat color formation. Our study showed that the identified miRNAs might play an essential role in black and white follicle formation in goats.
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