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Bai Y, Zou Y, Zeng Y, Hu L, Huang S, Wu K, Yi Q, Chen J, Liang G, Li Y, Huang W, Chen C. Benzylic rearrangement for urinary analysis of guanidino and ureido compounds in cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9853. [PMID: 38923063 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
RationaleBecause acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely related to poor prognosis in critically ill patients, developing biomarkers for its prediction and early diagnosis is particularly important. Endogenous guanidino compounds (GCs) and ureido compounds (UCs) can participate in various biochemical processes because of their important physiological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration profiles of urinary GCs/UCs as potential biomarkers in patients with cardiac surgery–associated acute kidney injury (CSA‐AKI) at different stages.MethodsGCs/UCs were reacted with benzil via benzylic rearrangement, and their derivatives were used to investigate fragmentation mechanisms using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive ion mode. Furthermore, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–MS/MS method was developed to measure the concentrations of GCs/UCs in urine samples taken from patients with CSA‐AKI at different time points.ResultsMS/MS analysis in positive ion mode showed that benzylic GCs/UCs exhibited similar fragmentation processes, which could produce the characteristic ion (C13H12N+) at m/z 182.0. Furthermore, an obviously different fragmentation pattern of benzylic UCs in the positive ion mode might be due to the neutral loss of the H2CO2 group under low collision energy. Of the eight selected GCs/UCs, methylguanidine exhibited significantly increased concentrations in urine when CSA‐AKI occurred, whereas guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GDS), homoarginine (HArg) and homocitrulline (HCit) exhibited decreased concentrations. After recovery from AKI, the urinary concentrations of the aforementioned GCs/UCs returned to normal. Some of the aforementioned metabolites with significant changes (GDS, HArg and HCit) had large areas under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing AKI stages on the third day after surgery.ConclusionsIn patients with CSA‐AKI, urinary GCs/UCs were significantly disrupted due to injured kidney, and some GC/UC metabolites exhibited a good ability to become potential biomarkers for AKI stages. The present study provides essential resources and new therapeutic targets for further research on CSA‐AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Bai
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yuming Zou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjia Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Sumei Huang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Biological Resource Center of Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Kunyong Wu
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Biological Resource Center of Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Qingxia Yi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guowu Liang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yingbang Li
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Emergency, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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Niebergall-Roth E, Frank NY, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Skin-Derived ABCB5 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells for High-Medical-Need Inflammatory Diseases: From Discovery to Entering Clinical Routine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 36613507 PMCID: PMC9820160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette superfamily member ABCB5 identifies a subset of skin-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that exhibit potent immunomodulatory and wound healing-promoting capacities along with superior homing ability. The ABCB5+ MSCs can be easily accessed from discarded skin samples, expanded, and delivered as a highly homogenous medicinal product with standardized potency. A range of preclinical studies has suggested therapeutic efficacy of ABCB5+ MSCs in a variety of currently uncurable skin and non-skin inflammatory diseases, which has been substantiated thus far by distinct clinical trials in chronic skin wounds or recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs have the potential to provide a breakthrough at the forefront of MSC-based therapies striving to fulfill current unmet medical needs. The most recent milestones in this regard are the approval of a phase III pivotal trial of ABCB5+ MSCs for treatment of recessive dystrophic and junctional epidermolysis bullosa by the US Food and Drug Administration, and national market access of ABCB5+ MSCs (AMESANAR®) for therapy-refractory chronic venous ulcers under the national hospital exemption pathway in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Y. Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H. Frank
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Mark A. Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Nardozi D, Palumbo S, Khan AUM, Sticht C, Bieback K, Sadeghi S, Kluth MA, Keese M, Gretz N. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Long-Term Stem Cell Administration: Impact on the Gene Profile and Kidney Function of PKD/Mhm (Cy/+) Rats. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092601. [PMID: 35566725 PMCID: PMC9102853 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders and one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. Here, we investigate the potential effects of long-term human stem cell treatment on kidney function and the gene expression profile of PKD/Mhm (Cy/+) rats. Human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) and human skin-derived ABCB5+ stromal cells (2 × 106) were infused intravenously or intraperitoneally monthly, over 6 months. Additionally, ASC and ABCB5+-derived conditioned media were administrated intraperitoneally. The gene expression profile results showed a significant reprogramming of metabolism-related pathways along with downregulation of the cAMP, NF-kB and apoptosis pathways. During the experimental period, we measured the principal renal parameters as well as renal function using an innovative non-invasive transcutaneous device. All together, these analyses show a moderate amelioration of renal function in the ABCB5+ and ASC-treated groups. Additionally, ABCB5+ and ASC-derived conditioned media treatments lead to milder but still promising improvements. Even though further analyses have to be performed, the preliminary results obtained in this study can lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic approach with the application of cell-based therapy in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nardozi
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (D.N.); (S.P.); (A.u.M.K.); (C.S.)
- Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Stefania Palumbo
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (D.N.); (S.P.); (A.u.M.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Arif ul Maula Khan
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (D.N.); (S.P.); (A.u.M.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (D.N.); (S.P.); (A.u.M.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Samar Sadeghi
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co.KG/TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mark Andreas Kluth
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co.KG/TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael Keese
- Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (D.N.); (S.P.); (A.u.M.K.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Macioszek S, Wawrzyniak R, Kranz A, Kordalewska M, Struck-Lewicka W, Dudzik D, Biesemans M, Maternik M, Żurowska AM, Markuszewski MJ. Comprehensive Metabolic Signature of Renal Dysplasia in Children. A Multiplatform Metabolomics Concept. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:665661. [PMID: 34395519 PMCID: PMC8358436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.665661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysplasia is a severe congenital abnormality of the kidney parenchyma, which is an important cause of end-stage renal failure in childhood and early adulthood. The diagnosis of renal dysplasia relies on prenatal or postnatal ultrasounds as children show no specific clinical symptoms before chronic kidney disease develops. Prompt diagnosis is important in terms of early introduction of nephroprotection therapy and improved long-term prognosis. Metabolomics was applied to study children with renal dysplasia to provide insight into the changes in biochemical pathways underlying its pathology and in search of early indicators for facilitated diagnosis. The studied cohort consisted of 72 children, 39 with dysplastic kidneys and 33 healthy controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive urine metabolic profiling with the use of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, with two complementary separation modes of the latter. Univariate and multivariate statistical calculations identified a total of nineteen metabolites, differentiating the compared cohorts, independent of their estimated glomerular filtration rate. Seven acylcarnitines, xanthine, and glutamine were downregulated in the urine of renal dysplasia patients. Conversely, renal dysplasia was associated with higher urinary levels of dimethylguanosine, threonic acid or glyceric acid. This is the first metabolomic study of subjects with renal dysplasia. The authors define a characteristic urine metabolic signature in children with dysplastic kidneys, irrespective of renal function, linking the condition with altered fatty acid oxidation, amino acid and purine metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Macioszek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Wawrzyniak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kranz
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Kordalewska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Struck-Lewicka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Margot Biesemans
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Maternik
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Michał J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100505. [PMID: 31467851 PMCID: PMC6710715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown in rats a new method of urine collection, hydrophobic sand, to be an acceptable alternate in place of the traditional method using metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers nor metal concentrations in collected samples (Hoffman et al., 2017 and 2018). Urine is often used in humans and many animal models as a readily-attainable biosample which contains proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) within extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be isolated to indicate changes in health. In order to ensure hydrophobic sand did not in any way contaminate or disrupt the extraction and analysis of these EVs and miRNAs, we used urine samples from the same 8 rats in the within-subjects crossover experiment comparing hydrophobic sand and metabolic cage collection methods. We isolated EVs and miRNAs from the urine set and examined their quantity and quality between the urine collection methods. We found no significant differences in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of miRNAs contained within the urine EVs due to urine collection method, suggesting hydrophobic sand represents an easy-to-use, non-invasive method to collect rodent urine for EVs and biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Hoffman
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Alexander P Alimov
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John F Kalinich
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Plasma metabolomics profiling of maintenance hemodialysis based on capillary electrophoresis - time of flight mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8150. [PMID: 28811533 PMCID: PMC5557835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremia has been a rapidly increasing health problem in China. Hemodialysis (HD) is the main renal replacement therapy for uremia. The results of large-scale clinical trials have shown that the HD pattern is crucial for long-term prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in uremic patients. Plasma metabolism is very important for revealing the biological insights linked to the therapeutic effects of the HD pattern on uremia. Alteration of plasma metabolites in uremic patients in response to HD therapy has been reported. However, HD-pattern-dependent changes in plasma metabolites remain poorly understood. To this end, a capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics method was performed to systemically study the differences between HD and high flux hemodialysis (HFD) on plasma metabolite changes in patients. Three hundred and one plasma samples from three independent human cohorts (i.e., healthy controls, patients with pre-HD/post-HD, and patients with pre-HFD/post-HFD) were used in this study. Metabolites significantly changed (p < 0.05) after a single HD or HFD process. However, 11 uremic retention solutes could be more efficiently removed by HFD. Our findings indicate that a CE-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach is promising for providing novel insights into understanding the effects of different dialysis methods on metabolite alterations of uremia.
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Salvador CL, Tøndel C, Rowe AD, Bjerre A, Brun A, Brackman D, Bolstad N, Mørkrid L. Renal Function Influences Diagnostic Markers in Serum and Urine: A Study of Guanidinoacetate, Creatine, Human Epididymis Protein 4, and Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2:297-308. [DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2016.022145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Fan RJ, Guan Q, Zhang F, Leng JP, Sun TQ, Guo YL. Benzylic rearrangement stable isotope labeling for quantitation of guanidino and ureido compounds in thyroid tissues by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 908:132-40. [PMID: 26826695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Benzylic rearrangement stable isotope labeling (BRSIL) was explored to quantify the guanidino and ureido compounds (GCs and UCs). This method employed a common reagent, benzil, to label the guanidino and ureido groups through nucleophilic attacking then benzylic migrating. The use of BRSIL was investigated in the analysis of five GCs (creatine, l-arginine, homoarginine, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, and methylguanidine) and two UCs (urea and citrulline). The labeling was found simple and specific. The introduction of bi-phenyl group and the generation of nitrogen heterocyclic ring in the benzil-d0/d5 labeled GCs and UCs improved the retention behaviors in liquid chromatography (LC) and increased the sensitivity of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) detection. The fragment ion pairs of m/z 182/187 and m/z 210/215 from the benzil-d0/d5 tags facilitated the discovery of potential GCs and UCs candidates residing in biological matrices. The use of BRSIL combined with LC-ESI MS was applied for simultaneously quantitation of GCs and UCs in thyroid tissues. It was demonstrated that nine GCs and UCs were detected, six of which were further quantified based on corresponding standards. It was concluded that five GCs and UCs (l-arginine, homoarginine, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, methylguanidine, and citrulline) were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) between the para-carcinoma and carcinoma thyroid tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Peng Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuan-Qi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organmetallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Ostojic SM. Guanidinoacetic acid as a performance-enhancing agent. Amino Acids 2015; 48:1867-75. [PMID: 26445773 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA; also known as glycocyamine or guanidinoacetate) is the natural precursor of creatine, and under investigation as a novel dietary agent. It was first identified as a natural compound in humans ~80 years ago. In the 1950s, GAA's use as a therapeutic agent was explored, showing that supplemental GAA improved patient-reported outcomes and work capacity in clinical populations. Recently, a few studies have examined the safety and efficacy of GAA and suggest potential ergogenic benefits for physically active men and women. The purpose of this review is to examine possible applications of GAA supplementation for exercise performance enhancement, safety, and legislation issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Lovcenska 16, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia. .,University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Klawitter J, Reed-Gitomer BY, McFann K, Pennington A, Klawitter J, Abebe KZ, Klepacki J, Cadnapaphornchai MA, Brosnahan G, Chonchol M, Christians U, Schrier RW. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1198-206. [PMID: 25234311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00327.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature mortality in ADPKD patients. The aim was to identify potential serum biomarkers associated with the severity of ADPKD. Serum samples from a homogenous group of 61 HALT study A ADPKD patients [early disease group with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)] were compared with samples from 49 patients from the HALT study B group with moderately advanced disease (eGFR 25-60 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)). Targeted tandem-mass spectrometry analysis of markers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress was performed and correlated with eGFR and total kidney volume normalized to the body surface area (TKV/BSA). ADPKD patients with eGFR >60 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2) showed higher levels of CVD risk markers asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA), homocysteine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) compared with the healthy controls. Upon adjustments for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine, SDMA, homocysteine, and SAH remained negatively correlated with eGFR. Resulting cellular methylation power [S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/SAH ratio] correlated with the reduction of renal function and increase in TKV. Concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs), including oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane, as well as PGF2α, PGD₂, and PGE₂, were markedly elevated in patients with ADPKD compared with healthy controls. Upon adjustments for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine, increased PGD₂ and PGF₂α were associated with reduced eGFR, whereas 8-isoprostane and again PGF₂α were associated with an increase in TKV/BSA. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are evident early in ADPKD patients, even in those with preserved kidney function. The identified pathways may provide potential therapeutic targets for slowing down the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | - Kim McFann
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | - Jost Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacek Klepacki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Godela Brosnahan
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert W Schrier
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
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Toyohara T, Suzuki T, Akiyama Y, Yoshihara D, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Kikuchi K, Suzuki C, Tanemoto M, Ito S, Nagao S, Soga T, Abe T. Metabolomic profiling of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease rat model. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011; 15:676-687. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-011-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Suzuki T, Toyohara T, Akiyama Y, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Suzuki C, Ito S, Soga T, Abe T. Transcriptional Regulation of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide SLCO4C1 as a New Therapeutic Modality to Prevent Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3696-707. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Simultaneous determination of guanidinosuccinic acid and guanidinoacetic acid in urine using high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 677:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Toyohara T, Suzuki T, Morimoto R, Akiyama Y, Souma T, Shiwaku HO, Takeuchi Y, Mishima E, Abe M, Tanemoto M, Masuda S, Kawano H, Maemura K, Nakayama M, Sato H, Mikkaichi T, Yamaguchi H, Fukui S, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H, Inui KI, Terasaki T, Goto J, Ito S, Hishinuma T, Rubera I, Tauc M, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Yabuuchi H, Moriyama Y, Soga T, Abe T. SLCO4C1 transporter eliminates uremic toxins and attenuates hypertension and renal inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:2546-55. [PMID: 19875811 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) strongly associates with cardiovascular events. Among patients with CKD, reducing the accumulation of uremic toxins may protect against the development of hypertension and progression of renal damage, but there are no established therapies to accomplish this. Here, overexpression of human kidney-specific organic anion transporter SLCO4C1 in rat kidney reduced hypertension, cardiomegaly, and inflammation in the setting of renal failure. In addition, SLCO4C1 overexpression decreased plasma levels of the uremic toxins guanidino succinate, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and the newly identified trans-aconitate. We found that xenobiotic responsive element core motifs regulate SLCO4C1 transcription, and various statins, which act as inducers of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptors, upregulate SLCO4C1 transcription. Pravastatin, which is cardioprotective, increased the clearance of asymmetric dimethylarginine and trans-aconitate in renal failure. These data suggest that drugs that upregulate SLCO4C1 may have therapeutic potential for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Toyohara
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Vanholder R, Abou-Deif O, Argiles A, Baurmeister U, Beige J, Brouckaert P, Brunet P, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Drüeke TB, Fliser D, Glorieux G, Herget-Rosenthal S, Hörl WH, Jankowski J, Jörres A, Massy ZA, Mischak H, Perna AF, Rodriguez-Portillo JM, Spasovski G, Stegmayr BG, Stenvinkel P, Thornalley PJ, Wanner C, Wiecek A. The Role of EUTox in Uremic Toxin Research. Semin Dial 2009; 22:323-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2009.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kimura N, Masuda S, Katsura T, Inui KI. Transport of guanidine compounds by human organic cation transporters, hOCT1 and hOCT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang D, Strandgaard S, Borresen ML, Luo Z, Connors SG, Yan Q, Wilcox CS. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and lipid peroxidation products in early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51:184-91. [PMID: 18215696 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with normal renal function have endothelial dysfunction and decreased nitric oxide synthase activity in subcutaneous resistance vessels. We investigated asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a marker of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and the lipid peroxidation product 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with early ADPKD. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Patients with early ADPKD (n = 27) and age-matched volunteers (n = 30) from a single academic medical center. FACTOR Patients with ADPKD versus controls. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENT Plasma (P) levels, urinary (U) excretion, and urinary clearance (C) of ADMA and HODE. Because of multiple comparisons, P for significance is considered less than 0.0167. RESULTS Patients with ADPKD had significantly increased P(ADMA) levels (604 +/- 131 versus 391 +/- 67 nmol/L; P < 0.01) and U(ADMA) excretion (22 +/- 4 versus 15.2 +/- 3 nmol/micromol creatinine; P = 0.01), decreased C(ADMA) (25 +/- 3 versus 33 +/- 4 mL/min; P = 0.01), increased P(HODE) levels (316 +/- 64 versus 230 +/- 38 nmol/L; P < 0.01) and U(HODE) excretion (467 +/- 67 versus 316 +/- 40 nmol/micromol creatinine; P < 0.01), and decreased plasma nitrite plus nitrate (P(NOx)) levels (21 +/- 5 versus 32 +/- 6 micromol/L; P < 0.01) and U(NOx) excretion (59 +/- 7 versus 138 +/- 27 micromol/micromol creatinine; P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS Small sample size, cross-sectional nature of study, and limited number of markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS P(ADMA) and P(HODE) levels are increased in patients with early ADPKD. Increased P(ADMA) level is related to decreased C(ADMA) and is accompanied by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Hypertension Institute, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Angiogenesis Section, Lombardi Cancer Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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