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Lei J, Sun P, Sheng J, Wang H, Xie Y, Song J. The intricate role of annexin A2 in kidney: a comprehensive review. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2273427. [PMID: 37955107 PMCID: PMC10653649 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2273427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (Anxa2) is a calcium (Ca2+)-regulated phospholipid binding protein composed of a variable N-terminus and a conserved core domain. This protein has been widely found in many tissues and fluids, including tubule cells, glomerular epithelial cells, renal vessels, and urine. In acute kidney injury, the expression level of this protein is markedly elevated in response to acute stress. Moreover, Anxa2 is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target with prognostic value in chronic kidney disease. In addition, Anxa2 is associated not only with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma differentiation but also the formation of calcium-related nephrolithiasis. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and functions of Anxa2 and focus on recent reports on the role of Anxa2 in the kidney, which may be useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongri Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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2
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Mehta N, Pokharna P, Shetty SR. Unwinding the potentials of vitamin C in COVID-19 and other diseases: An updated review. Nutr Health 2023; 29:415-433. [PMID: 36445072 PMCID: PMC9713540 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The discovery of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is related to the ancient history of persistent research on the origins of the haemorrhagic disease scurvy. Vitamin C is an important nutrient that aids in a variety of biological and physiological processes. Scientists have been researching the function of vitamin C in the prevention and ailment of sepsis and pneumonia for decades. This has created a potential platform for applying these results to individuals suffering from severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin C's ability to activate and enhance the immune system makes it a promising treatment in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Vitamin C also aids in the activation of vitamin B, the production of certain neurotransmitters, and the transformation of cholesterol into bile acids. Hence, vitamin C is used for the treatment of many diseases. Aim: This review highlights the Vitamin C investigations that are performed by various researchers on patients with COVID 19 infection, the clinical studies and their observations. The authors have additionally updated information on the significance of vitamin C insufficiency, as well as its relevance and involvement in diseases such as cancer, wound healing, iron deficiency anaemia, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we discuss them with the references. Methods: The method used in order to perform literature search was done using SciFinder, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: There is a potential role of vitamin C in various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19 and other diseases and the results are highlighted in the review with the help of clinical and preclinical data. Conclusion: More research on vitamin C and the undergoing clinical trials might prove a potential role of vitamin C in protecting the population from current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
| | - Purvi Pokharna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
| | - Saritha R Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS. Mumbai, India
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3
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Zhang YH, Li CY, Zou GJ, Xian JY, Zhang Q, Yu BX, Huang LH, Liu HX, Sun XY. Corn Silk Polysaccharides with Different Carboxyl Contents Reduce the Oxidative Damage of Renal Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting Endocytosis of Nano-calcium Oxalate Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25839-25849. [PMID: 37521646 PMCID: PMC10373179 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal epithelial cell injury and cell-crystal interaction are closely related to kidney stone formation. METHODS This study aims to explore the inhibition of endocytosis of nano-sized calcium oxalate monohydrate (nano-COM) crystals and the cell protection of corn silk polysaccharides (CCSPs) with different carboxyl contents (3.92, 7.75, 12.90, and 16.38%). The nano-COM crystals protected or unprotected by CCSPs were co-cultured with human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), and then the changes in the endocytosis of nano-COM and cell biochemical indicators were detected. RESULTS CCSPs could inhibit the endocytosis of nano-COM by HK-2 cells and reduce the accumulation of nano-COM in the cells. Under the protection of CCSPs, cell morphology is restored, intracellular superoxide dismutase levels are increased, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde release is decreased, and mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal integrity are increased. The release of Ca2+ ions in the cell, the level of cell autophagy, and the rate of cell apoptosis and necrosis are also reduced. CCSPs with higher carboxyl content have better cell protection abilities. CONCLUSION CCSPs could inhibit the endocytosis of nano-COM crystals and reduce cell oxidative damage. CCSP3, with the highest carboxyl content, shows the best biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Zhang
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Chun-Yao Li
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zou
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun-Yi Xian
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Bang-Xian Yu
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Ling-Hong Huang
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Hong-Xing Liu
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department
of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510230, China
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4
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Kafi F, Mortazavi M, Pouramini A, Dolatkhah S, Kaleidari B, Taheri D. Secondary oxalate nephropathy and impact of high-dose vitamin C intake for COVID-19 prevention on a patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7020. [PMID: 36911630 PMCID: PMC9992142 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study is important in informing clinicians about the possibility of concurrent oxalate nephropathy caused by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, high oxalate materials, and high-dose vitamin C intake for COVID-19 prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kafi
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.,Urology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.,Urology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Kaleidari
- Alzahra Hospital Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Diana Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran.,Urology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Wang Q, Chi L. The Alterations and Roles of Glycosaminoglycans in Human Diseases. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225014. [PMID: 36433141 PMCID: PMC9694910 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides which are composed of a repeating disaccharide unit. They are also linked to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). GAGs/PGs are major components of the cell surface and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and they display critical roles in development, normal function, and damage response in the body. Some properties (such as expression quantity, molecular weight, and sulfation pattern) of GAGs may be altered under pathological conditions. Due to the close connection between these properties and the function of GAGs/PGs, the alterations are often associated with enormous changes in the physiological/pathological status of cells and organs. Therefore, these GAGs/PGs may serve as marker molecules of disease. This review aimed to investigate the structural alterations and roles of GAGs/PGs in a range of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and virus infection. It is hoped to provide a reference for disease diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis, and drug development.
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6
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Lin L, Hu K. Annexin A2 and Kidney Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974381. [PMID: 36120574 PMCID: PMC9478026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding protein which is widely expressed in various types of cells and tissues. As a multifunctional molecule, annexin A2 is found to be involved in diverse cell functions and processes, such as cell exocytosis, endocytosis, migration and proliferation. As a receptor of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator, annexin A2 promotes plasmin generation and regulates the homeostasis of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and matrix degradation. As an antigen expressed on cell membranes, annexin A2 initiates local inflammation and damage through binding to auto-antibodies. Annexin A2 also mediates multiple signaling pathways induced by various growth factors and oxidative stress. Aberrant expression of annexin A2 has been found in numerous kidney diseases. Annexin A2 has been shown to act as a co-receptor of integrin CD11b mediating NF-kB-dependent kidney inflammation, which is further amplified through annexin A2/NF-kB-triggered macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change. It also modulates podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement through Cdc42 and Rac1/2/3 Rho pathway causing proteinuria. Thus, annexin A2 is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various kidney diseases. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the role of annexin A2 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- *Correspondence: Ling Lin, ; Kebin Hu,
| | - Kebin Hu
- *Correspondence: Ling Lin, ; Kebin Hu,
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7
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Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:783. [PMID: 35922481 PMCID: PMC9349198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and its recurrence rate within the first 5 years is over 50%. No treatments that prevent the occurrence/recurrence of stones have reached the clinic. Here, we show that AIM (also called CD5L) suppresses stone development and improves stone-associated physical damages. The N-terminal domain of AIM associates with calcium oxalate crystals via charge-based interaction to impede the development of stones, whereas the 2nd and C-terminal domains capture the inflammatory DAMPs to promote their phagocytic removal. Accordingly, when stones were induced by glyoxylate in mice, recombinant AIM (rAIM) injection dramatically reduced stone development. Expression of injury molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney and overall renal dysfunction were abrogated by rAIM. Among various negatively charged substances, rAIM was most effective in stone prevention due to its high binding affinity to crystals. Furthermore, only AIM was effective in improving the physical complaints including bodyweight-loss through its DAMPs removal effect. We also found that tubular KIM-1 may remove developed stones. Our results could be the basis for the development of a comprehensive therapy against kidney stone disease. The circulating protein apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces kidney stone development and prevents build up, providing the basis for kidney stone disease therapy.
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8
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Firouzi S, Pahlavani N, Navashenaq JG, Clayton ZS, Beigmohammadi MT, Malekahmadi M. The effect of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation on the immune system and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 44:144-154. [PMID: 35783349 PMCID: PMC9233349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) is the most dangerous form of the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. In patients with severe COVID-19, the immune system becomes markedly overactive. There is evidence that supplementation with select micronutrients may play a role in maintaining immune system function in this patient population. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, significant emphasis has been placed on the importance of supplementing critical micronutrients such as Vitamin C and Zinc (Zn) due to their immunomodulatory effects. Viral infections, like COVID-19, increase physiological demand for these micronutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive information regarding the potential effectiveness of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation during viral infection and specifically COVID-19. This review demonstrated a relation between Vitamin C and Zn deficiency and a reduction in the innate immune response, which can ultimately make patients with COVID-19 more vulnerable to viral infection. As such, adequate intake of Vitamin C and Zn, as an adjunctive therapeutic approach with any necessary pharmacological treatment(s), may be necessary to mitigate the adverse physiological effects of COVID-19. To truly clarify the role of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation in the management of COVID-19, we must wait for the results of ongoing randomized controlled trials. The toxicity of Vitamin C and Zn should also be considered to prevent over-supplementation. Over-supplementation of Vitamin C can lead to oxalate toxicity, while increased Zn intake can reduce immune system function. In summary, Vitamin C and Zn supplementation may be useful in mitigating COVID-19 symptomology.
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Key Words
- COVID-19
- Dietary supplement
- HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- IFN-α, Intererferon alfa
- INF-β, Interferon beta
- Immune system
- NK, Natural killer
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RCTs, Randomized controlled trials
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Vitamin C
- Zn
- Zn, Zinc
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Firouzi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Spradling K, Ganesan C, Conti S. Medical Treatment and Prevention of Urinary Stone Disease. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:335-344. [PMID: 35428438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying urinary stone formation remains an area of active investigation. There are many pharmacotherapies aimed at optimizing metabolic factors and reducing urinary supersaturation of stone components that play an important role in urinary stone prevention. In addition, medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones and medical dissolution therapy for uric acid-based urinary stones are helpful treatment tools and are used alongside surgical treatments in the management of urinary stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Spradling
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Calyani Ganesan
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Simon Conti
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Boadi EA, Shin S, Gombedza F, Bandyopadhyay BC. Differential biomolecular recognition by synthetic vs. biologically-derived components in the stone-forming process using 3D microfluidics. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:34-46. [PMID: 34779812 PMCID: PMC9045411 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) biomineralization is the hallmark of extra-skeletal tissue calcification and renal calcium stones. Although such a multistep process starts with CaP crystal formation, the mechanism is still poorly understood due to the complexity of the in vivo system and the lack of a suitable approach to simulate a truly in vivo-like environment. Although endogenous proteins and lipids are engaged with CaP crystals in such a biological process of stone formation, most in vitro studies use synthetic materials that can display differential bioreactivity and molecular recognition by the cellular component. Here, we used our in vitro microfluidic (MF) tubular structure, which is the first completely cylindrical platform, with renal tubular cellular microenvironments closest to the functional human kidney tubule, to understand the precise role of biological components in this process. We systematically evaluated the contribution of synthetic and biological components in the stone-forming process in the presence of dynamic microenvironmental cues that originated due to cellular pathophysiology, which are critical for the nucleation, aggregation, and growth of CaP crystals. Our results show that crystal aggregation and growth were enhanced by immunoglobulin G (IgG), which was further inhibited by etidronic acid due to the chelation of extracellular Ca2+. Interestingly, biogenic CaP crystals from mice urine, when applied with cell debris and non-specific protein (bovine serum albumin), exhibited a more discrete crystal growth pattern, compared to exposure to synthetic CaP crystals under similar conditions. Furthermore, proteins found on those calcium crystals from mice urine produced discriminatory effects on crystal-protein attachment. Specifically, such biogenic crystals exhibited enhanced affinity to the proteins inherent to those crystals. More importantly, a physiological comparison of crystal induction in renal tubular cells revealed that biogenic crystals are less effective at producing a sustained rise in cytosolic Ca2+ compared to synthetic crystals, suggesting a milder detrimental effect to downstream signaling. Finally, synthetic crystal-internalized cells induced more oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage compared to the biogenic crystal-internalized cells. Together, these results suggest that the intrinsic nature of biogenically derived components are appropriate to generate the molecular recognition needed for spatiotemporal effects and are critical towards understanding the process of kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Awuah Boadi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Farai Gombedza
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, 151 Research Service, DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA.,Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, 20037, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
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11
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Gao X, Peng Y, Fang Z, Li L, Ming S, Dong H, Li R, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Zhu B, Liao J, Wang Z, Liu M, Lin W, Zeng J, Gao X. Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury through the JNK/FoxO3a pathway. Life Sci 2021; 291:120258. [PMID: 34952043 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, has been shown to play a role in kidney diseases. However, its role in hyperoxaluria-induced renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) injury remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hyperoxaluria rat model was established by providing 0.5% ammonium chloride and drinking water containing 1% ethylene glycol. TECs were exposed to oxalate stress. The 3-DZNeP, a selective EZH2 inhibitor, was administered in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability, ROS production, and apoptosis ratio were evaluated. Crystal deposition was detected by Von Kossa staining and kidney tissue injury was detected by HE staining and TUNEL. EZH2, H3K27me3, cleaved-caspase3, IL-6, and MCP-1 were examined by western blot or immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS Inhibition of EZH2 by 3-DZNeP significantly attenuated hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury and CaOx crystal deposition in vivo. Similarly, inhibition of EZH2 using 3-DZNeP or shRNA restored cell viability, suppressed LDH release and the production of intracellular ROS in vitro. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway and FoxO3a levels were activated or elevated in TECs exposed to oxalate. EZH2 inhibition using 3-DZNeP blocked these effects. CC90003 (ERK inhibitor) or SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) did not significantly affect the expression of FoxO3a in TECs treated with 3-DZNeP and oxalate; only SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) significantly decreased FoxO3a expression. SIGNIFICANCE EZH2 inhibition protects against oxalate-induced TECs injury and reduces CaOx crystal deposition in the kidney may by modulating the JNK/FoxO3a pathway; EZH2 may be a promising therapeutic target in TECs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghan Peng
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Fang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoxiong Ming
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511518 Qingyuan, China
| | - Junhao Liao
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511518 Qingyuan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijian Lin
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511518 Qingyuan, China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 511518 Qingyuan, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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An Immune Atlas of Nephrolithiasis: Single-Cell Mass Cytometry on SIRT3 Knockout and Calcium Oxalate-Induced Renal Injury. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:1260140. [PMID: 34849375 PMCID: PMC8627562 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1260140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a common urological disease with a high recurrence rate, nephrolithiasis caused by CaOx may elicit a strong immunologic response. We present a CyTOF-based atlas of the immune landscape in nephrolithiasis models to understand how the immune system contributes to, and is affected by, the underlying response caused by SIRT3 knockout and CaOx inducement. Materials and Methods We performed a large-scale CyTOF analysis of immune cell abundance profiles in nephrolithiasis. The immunophenotyping data were collected from four different mouse models, including the SIRT3 wild-type or knockout, including and excluding CaOx inducement. Unsupervised analysis strategies, such as SPADE and viSNE, revealed the intrarenal resident immune components and the immune alterations caused by SIRT3 knockout and CaOx-induced renal injury. Results An overview analysis of the immune landscape identified T cells and macrophages as the main immune cell population in nephrolithiasis models. Highly similar phenotypes were observed among CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, including cells expressing Ki67, Ly6C, Siglec-F, and TCRβ. Macrophages expressed a characteristic panel of markers with varied expression levels including MHC II, SIRPα, CD11c, Siglec-F, F4/80, CD64, and CD11b, indicating more subtle differences in marker expression than T cells. The SIRT3KO/CaOx and SIRT3WT/CaOx groups exhibited global differences in the intrarenal immune landscape, whereas only small differences existed between the SIRT3KO/CaOx and SIRT3KO/Ctrl groups. Among the major immune lineages, the response of CD4+ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and M1 to CaOx inducement was regulated by SIRT3 expression in contrast to the expression changes of B cells, DCs, and granulocytes caused by CaOx inducement. The panel of immune markers influenced by CaOx inducement significantly varied with and without SIRT3 knockout. Conclusion In a CaOx-induced nephrolithiasis model, SIRT3 has a critical role in regulating the immune system, especially in reducing inflammatory injury. The characteristic panel of altered immune clusters and markers provides novel insights leading to improved prediction and management of nephrolithiasis.
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13
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Ye QL, Wang DM, Wang X, Zhang ZQ, Tian QX, Feng SY, Zhang ZH, Yu DX, Ding DM, Xie DD. Sirt1 inhibits kidney stones formation by attenuating calcium oxalate-induced cell injury. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109605. [PMID: 34333021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell injury is a necessary and critical event during CaOx kidney stone formation. Sirt1 exerts a number of pleiotropic effects, protecting against renal cell injury. This study aims to explore the relationship between Sirt1 and CaOx kidney stone formation and the underlying mechanism. Sirt1 expression in renal tissues or HK-2 cells was detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis in renal tissues was examined by TUNEL staining. Renal pathological changes and the crystals deposition were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and Von Kossa staining. Crystal-cell adhesion and cell injury in HK-2 cells were assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry and flow cytometry, respectively. Sirt1 expression in nephrolithiasis patients was downregulated and the level of apoptosis was increased. Further study found that Sirt1 expression was decreased in both in vivo and in vitro models. Interestingly, the levels of cell injury were elevated in vivo and in vitro models. Suppressing Sirt1 expression promoted COM-induced crystal-cell adhesion and exacerbated cell injury. In contrast, increasing the expression of Sirt1 by lentivirus transfection in vitro and resveratrol administration in vivo, alleviated crystal deposition and cell damage. Our findings suggest that Sirt1 could inhibit kidney stone formation, at least in part, through attenuating CaOx -induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Da-Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qi-Xing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shi-Yao Feng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Mao Ding
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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14
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Ma Q, Grigorescu M, Schreiber A, Kettritz R, Lindenmeyer M, Anders HJ, Steiger S. Genetic Background but Not Intestinal Microbiota After Co-Housing Determines Hyperoxaluria-Related Nephrocalcinosis in Common Inbred Mouse Strains. Front Immunol 2021; 12:673423. [PMID: 33968083 PMCID: PMC8100042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.673423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation, aggregation and growth is a common cause of kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). Genetically modified mouse strains are frequently used as an experimental tool in this context but observed phenotypes may also relate to the genetic background or intestinal microbiota. We hypothesized that the genetic background or intestinal microbiota of mice determine CaOx crystal deposition and thus the outcome of nephrocalcinosis. Indeed, Casp1-/-, Cybb-/- or Casp1-/-/Cybb-/- knockout mice on a 129/C57BL/6J (B6J) background that were fed an oxalate-rich diet for 14 days did neither encounter intrarenal CaOx crystal deposits nor nephrocalcinosis-related CKD. To test our assumption, we fed C57BL/6N (B6N), 129, B6J and Balb/c mice an oxalate-rich diet for 14 days. Only B6N mice displayed CaOx crystal deposits and developed CKD associated with tubular injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. Intrarenal mRNA expression profiling of 64 known nephrocalcinosis-related genes revealed that healthy B6N mice had lower mRNA levels of uromodulin (Umod) compared to the other three strains. Feeding an oxalate-rich diet caused an increase in uromodulin protein expression and CaOx crystal deposition in the kidney as well as in urinary uromodulin excretion in B6N mice but not 129, B6J and Balb/c mice. However, backcrossing 129 mice on a B6N background resulted in a gradual increase in CaOx crystal deposits from F2 to F7, of which all B6N/129 mice from the 7th generation developed CaOx-related nephropathy similar to B6N mice. Co-housing experiments tested for a putative role of the intestinal microbiota but B6N co-housed with 129 mice or B6N/129 (3rd and 6th generation) mice did not affect nephrocalcinosis. In summary, genetic background but not the intestinal microbiome account for strain-specific crystal formation and, the levels of uromodulin secretion may contribute to this phenomenon. Our results imply that only littermate controls of the identical genetic background strain are appropriate when performing knockout mouse studies in this context, while co-housing is optional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Grigorescu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Ustundağ Y, Huysal K, Guzelsoy M, Genim CE, Yavuz A. Urine and serum glycosaminoglycan levels in the diagnosis of urological diseases and conditions: A narrative review of the literature. Urologia 2020; 88:103-109. [PMID: 33043817 DOI: 10.1177/0391560320960003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated, negatively charged polysaccharides produced in almost every cell of the human body. As GAGs are extracellularly localized, the changes in body fluids such as blood and urine may reflect pathological changes in the urinary system as observed in other pathologies. In this review, we determined the potential of urinary and/or serum GAG levels as a marker for kidney and urothelial system diseases. We performed a search in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases until September 30, 2019. A number of studies reported changes in the urinary and/or plasma GAG levels or composition in urological diseases and conditions, such as renal cell carcinoma, kidney stone, bladder carcinoma, and overactive bladder. GAGs were found to have a predictive biomarker potential that could be limited by generalizability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ustundağ
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kağan Huysal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Guzelsoy
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Canan Erdem Genim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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16
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Fontana F, Cazzato S, Giovanella S, Ballestri M, Leonelli M, Mori G, Alfano G, Ligabue G, Magistroni R, Cenacchi G, Antoniotti R, Bonucchi D, Cappelli G. Oxalate Nephropathy Caused by Excessive Vitamin C Administration in 2 Patients With COVID-19. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1815-1822. [PMID: 32838081 PMCID: PMC7363608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fontana
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cazzato
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanella
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Ballestri
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Leonelli
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mori
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gaetano Alfano
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Ligabue
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Magistroni
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università "Alma Mater" di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Antoniotti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Ospedale Ramazzini, Carpi, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Italy
| | - Decenzio Bonucchi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Ospedale Ramazzini, Carpi, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Italy
| | - Gianni Cappelli
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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17
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Y W, F H, L A F, M H, H H. A Spatial Distribution Analysis on the Deposition Mechanism Complexity of the Organic Material of Kidney Stone. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:273-282. [PMID: 32637371 PMCID: PMC7321398 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Kidney stones in the urinary system are formed from complex minerals that can interfere with the function of the kidney. This formation occurs gradually and can be observed from the appearance of the kidney stones cross-section which are cut along its longitudinal axis resembling a tree cambium. A deeper study on the composition of these layers will provide etiological and pathophysiological information on the mechanism of the formation and development of kidney stones. In addition, an accurate analysis on the composition of the kidney stone can provide a scientific basis to determine the choice of medical treatment and efforts to prevent from forming of kidney stones in humans. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the organic material that makes up kidney stones in each layer. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, the components and morphological properties of five kidney stones in each layer were characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and Scanning Elecron Microscope-Element Distribution Analysis (SEM-EDS). Results: FTIR-ATR displayed the typical absorption peaks for each stone constituent component. The components of each layer showed the same peak value for each absorption peak which consisted of calcium oxalate monohydrate, struvite, ammonium ion calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate monohydrate-calcium phosphate and uric acid. Meanwhile, the difference in the percentage and composition of the elements in each stone can be observed by SEM-EDS. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that each layer of the kidney stones has a different percentage and composition of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warty Y
- MSc, Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Haryanto F
- PhD, Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fitri L A
- MSc, Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Haekal M
- PhD, Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Herman H
- PhD, Magnetic and Photonic Physics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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18
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Albert A, Paul E, Rajakumar S, Saso L. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic stress in calcium oxalate stone disease: the chicken or the egg? Free Radic Res 2020; 54:244-253. [PMID: 32292073 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1751835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crystal modulators play a significant role in the formation of calcium oxalate stone disease. When renal cells are subjected to oxalate stress, the loss in cell integrity leads to exposure of multiple proteins that assist and/or inhibit crystal attachment and retention. Contact between oxalate and calcium oxalate with urothelium proves fatal to cells as a result of reactive oxygen species generation and onset of oxidative stress. Hence, as a therapeutic strategy it was hypothesised that supplementation of antioxidants would suffice. On the contrary to popular belief, the detection of oxalate induced endoplasmic reticulum mediated apoptosis proved the ineffectiveness of antioxidant therapy alone. Thus, the inadequacy of antioxidant supplementation in oxalate stress invoked the presence of an alternative pathway for the induction of kidney fibrosis in hyperoxaluric rats. In addition to settling this query, the link between oxidative stress and ER stress is not well understood, especially in urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eldho Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Genomics Science, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Group of Molecular Cell Biology of Lipids, 315, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Liang X, Lai Y, Wu W, Chen D, Zhong F, Huang J, Zeng T, Duan X, Huang Y, Zhang S, Li S, Wu W. LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA expression variation profile in the urine of calcium oxalate stone patients. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:57. [PMID: 31036010 PMCID: PMC6489260 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles and their biological functions in the urine samples in calcium oxalate (CaOx) patients. Methods Five CaOx kidney stone patients were recruited in CaOx stone group and six healthy people were included as control group, whose midstream morning urine was collected before the patients were given any medicine on admission. After total RNA was extracted from urine, microarray of miRNA, mRNA and lncRNA were applied to explore their expression variation. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to reveal the gene functions of the dysregulated lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Quantitative real-time PCR were performed on HK-2 cells treated with sodium oxalate (NaOx) to further screen out the differentially expression profiles of these RNAs. Results A total of nine miRNAs, 883 mRNAs and 1002 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in urine of CaOx patients compared with normal population. GO analysis revealed that most of mRNAs from ceRNA network were enriched in terms of respiratory burst, regulation of mitophagy, and protein kinase regulator activity. KEGG pathway analysis of these genes related to ceRNA network highlight their critical role in pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Five miRNAs (miR-6796-3p, miR-30d-5p, miR-3192–3p, miR-518b and miR-6776-3p), four mRNAs (NT5E, CDH4, CLEC14A, CCNL1) and six lncRNAs (lnc-TIGD1L2–3, lnc-KIN-1, lnc-FAM72B-4, lnc-EVI5L-1, lnc-SERPINI1–2, lnc-MB-6) from the HK-2 cells induced by NaOx were consistent with the expression changes of microarray results. Conclusion The differential expressed miRNAs, mRNAs and lncRNAs may be associated with numerous variations of the signaling pathways or regulation of metabolism and kinase activity, providing potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of urolithiasis and new basis for further research of urolithiasis mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0502-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfa Liang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangling Zhong
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yapeng Huang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Shike Zhang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Peng Y, Yang C, Shi X, Li L, Dong H, Liu C, Fang Z, Wang Z, Ming S, Liu M, Xie B, Gao X, Sun Y. Sirt3 suppresses calcium oxalate-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury via modification of FoxO3a-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:34. [PMID: 30674870 PMCID: PMC6377683 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High oxalic acid and calcium oxalate (CaOx)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury plays a key role in nephrolithiasis. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Gene array analysis of the mice nephrolithiasis model indicated significant downregulation of sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Kidney biopsy tissues of renal calculi patients also showed decreased Sirt3 expression. Silencing Sirt3 exacerbated oxidative stress and TEC death under CaOx stimulation. Restoring Sirt3 expression by overexpression or enhancing its activity protected renal function and reduced TEC death both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting the MAPK pathway resulted in upregulation of Sirt3 expression, preservation of renal function and decreased cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Sirt3 could upregulate FoxO3a activity post-translationally via deacetylation, dephosphorylation and deubiquitination. FoxO3a was found to interact with the promoter region of LC3B and to increase its expression, enhancing TEC autophagy and suppressing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Taken together, our results indicate that the MAPK/Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway modulates renal TEC death and autophagy in TEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghan Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changcheng Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ziyu Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaoxiong Ming
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Lin WV, Turin CG, McCormick DW, Haas C, Constantine G. Ascorbic acid-induced oxalate nephropathy: a case report and discussion of pathologic mechanisms. CEN Case Rep 2018; 8:67-70. [PMID: 30276648 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-018-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalate nephropathy is associated with hereditary hyperoxaluria, Crohn disease, and previous gastric or intestinal surgery, especially in the setting of increased oxalate intake or ethylene glycol ingestion. We present a patient whose intake of vitamin C supplements (2 g/day), exacerbated by predisposing factors of prior small bowel obstruction and resection, and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), resulted in acute kidney injury due to oxalate nephropathy. We review past reports of vitamin C-induced oxalate nephropathy and discuss the underlying precipitating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christie Gloria Turin
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 10th Floor, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - David Walter McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 10th Floor, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Haas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 10th Floor, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory Constantine
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 10th Floor, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Singhto N, Thongboonkerd V. Exosomes derived from calcium oxalate-exposed macrophages enhance IL-8 production from renal cells, neutrophil migration and crystal invasion through extracellular matrix. J Proteomics 2018; 185:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Chien YC, Mansouri A, Jiang W, Khan SR, Gray JJ, McKee MD. Modulation of calcium oxalate dihydrate growth by phosphorylated osteopontin peptides. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:131-144. [PMID: 30016645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a significant component of kidney stone matrix and a key modulator of stone formation. Here, we investigated the effects of different phosphorylated states of a synthesized peptide of OPN (the ASARM peptide; acidic, serine- and aspartate-rich motif) on calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals, a major mineral phase of kidney stones. In vitro, phosphorylated OPN-ASARM peptides strongly inhibited COD crystal growth in solution as compared to the nonphosphorylated state, with increasing inhibitory potency correlating with the degree of peptide phosphorylation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the inhibition from the phosphopeptides resulted in distinctive, rosette-like crystal aggregates called spherulites. The OPN-ASARM peptides preferentially bound and specifically inhibited the {1 1 0} crystallographic faces of COD, as identified by combining atomic force microscopy and computational simulation approaches. These {1 1 0} surfaces of COD have high lattice calcium occupancy (exposure), providing preferential binding sites for the highly acidic peptides; binding and inhibition by OPN-ASARM peptides at the {1 1 0} faces led to crystal aggregation and intergrowth. The crystal spherulite formations obtained in vitro when using the most phosphorylated form of OPN-ASARM peptide at a high concentration, resembled crystal morphologies observed in vivo in a rat model of urolithiasis, in which crystal deposits in the kidney contain abundant OPN as revealed by immunogold labeling. A mechanistic model for spherulite formation is proposed based on the symmetry and crystallographic structure of COD, where the phosphate groups of OPN-ASARM bind to calcium atoms at [1 1 1] step risers on the COD {1 1 0} surface, inducing the periodic emergence of new COD crystals to form spherulites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Abd El-Salam M, Bastos JK, Han JJ, Previdi D, Coelho EB, Donate PM, Romero MF, Lieske J. The Synthesized Plant Metabolite 3,4,5-Tri-O-Galloylquinic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth in a Drosophila Model, Downregulates Renal Cell Surface Annexin A1 Expression, and Decreases Crystal Adhesion to Cells. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1609-1621. [PMID: 29406740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Jing Jing Han
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Daniel Previdi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Coelho
- Department
of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Donate
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Department
of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - John Lieske
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Cheraft-Bahloul N, Husson C, Ourtioualous M, Sinaeve S, Atmani D, Stévigny C, Nortier JL, Antoine MH. Protective Effects of Pistacia lentiscus L. fruit extract against calcium oxalate monohydrate induced proximal tubular injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:248-254. [PMID: 28716570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The world prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and plants are frequently used to treat urolithiasis. Pistacia lentiscus L, a plant which freely grows around the Mediterranean basin areas, is widely used for various pathologies. P. lentiscus has an important impact as it has economical value on top of its pharmacological interest. Decoctions of its aerial parts and/or resin are used to treat kidney stones. AIM OF THE STUDY To in vitro assess the potential nephroprotective effect of Pistacia lentiscus ethanolic fruit extract (PLEF) on proximal tubular cells in response to the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Kidney [HK]-2 cells were incubated with and without COM in the presence or absence of PLEF. Cell viability was measured by the resazurin assay. The expression of E-cadherin was analyzed by PCR. The extracellular production of H2O2 was measured by Amplex® Red H2O2 Assay. The numbers of detached or non-adherent COM crystals in the presence of PLEF were microscopically captured and counted using ImageJ software. The interaction of PLEF with COM and the effect of PLEF on crystal size were analyzed by flow cytometry. The spectrophotometric measurement of turbidity was performed for assessing the COM concentration. RESULTS PLEF incubated with COM was able to increase the cell viability. The decrease of E-cadherin expression after incubation with COM was counteracted by PLEF. Overproduction of H2O2 induced by COM was also inhibited by PLEF. Observations using flow cytometry showed that interactions between PLEF and the COM crystals occurred. PLEF was also effective in reducing the particles size and in lowering COM concentration. CONCLUSION Our data show that COM tubulotoxicity can be significantly reversed by PLEF -at least in part- via an inhibition of COM crystals adhesion onto the apical membrane. This early beneficial effect of PLEF needs to be further investigated as a useful strategy in nephrolithiasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Cheraft-Bahloul
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Cécile Husson
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meriam Ourtioualous
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Sinaeve
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Department of Biopharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Department of Biopharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle L Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Antoine
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Vinaiphat A, Aluksanasuwan S, Manissorn J, Sutthimethakorn S, Thongboonkerd V. Response of renal tubular cells to differential types and doses of calcium oxalate crystals: Integrative proteome network analysis and functional investigations. Proteomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Siripat Aluksanasuwan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Juthatip Manissorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Suchitra Sutthimethakorn
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; and Center for Research in Complex Systems Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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Khan SR. Histological aspects of the "fixed-particle" model of stone formation: animal studies. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:75-87. [PMID: 27896391 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization by itself is not harmful as long as the crystals are not retained in the kidneys and are allowed to pass freely down the renal tubules to be excreted in the urine. A number of theories have been proposed, and studies performed, to determine the mechanisms involved in crystal retention within the kidneys. It has been suggested that urinary transit through the nephron is too fast for crystals to grow large enough to be retained. Thus, free particle mechanism alone cannot lead to stone formation, and there must be a mechanism for crystal fixation within the kidneys. Animal model studies suggest that crystal retention is possible through both the free- and fixed-particle mechanisms. Crystal-cell interaction leads to pathological changes which promote crystal attachment to either epithelial cells or their basement membrane. Alternatively, crystals aggregate and produce large enough particles to block the tubules particularly at sites, where urinary flow is affected because of changes in the luminal diameter of the tubule. Crystal deposits plugging the openings of the ducts of Bellini may be the result of such a phenomenon. Intratubular crystals translocating to renal interstitium may produce osteogenic changes in the epithelial or endothelial cells resulting in the formation of the Randall's plaques. Thus, fixation appears to be either through the formation of Randall's plugs, crystal plugs clogging the openings of the ducts of Bellini or sub-epithelial crystal deposits, and the Randall's plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Investigation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Pedro RN, Das K, Buchholz N. Urolithiasis in pregnancy. Int J Surg 2016; 36:688-692. [PMID: 27816709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urolithiasis in pregnancy is a major health concern and can potentially affect the well-being of both mother and foetus. Management of this condition often entails simultaneous multidisciplinary involvement of obstetrician, radiologist and urologist. Additionally, adverse effects with usage of anaesthesia, radiation, medications and surgery on mother and foetus, limit utilisation of the full armamentarium of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are commonly used in non-pregnant women. This review was conducted using an electronic literature search of peer reviewed journal articles. Clinical studies were identified in the bibliographic database- PubMed (Medline), Ovid and eMedicine(WebMD) using the keywords: hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, kidney stone, urinary tract infection, pregnancy and ultrasound, incidence and epidemiology of renal stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato N Pedro
- U-merge (Urology in Emerging Countries), London, UK; Faculdade Medicina Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Brazil
| | - Krishanu Das
- U-merge (Urology in Emerging Countries), London, UK; Royal Endourology & Robotic Fellow Adelaide Hospital, Australia
| | - Noor Buchholz
- U-merge (Urology in Emerging Countries), London, UK.
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M1/M2-macrophage phenotypes regulate renal calcium oxalate crystal development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35167. [PMID: 27731368 PMCID: PMC5059697 DOI: 10.1038/srep35167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous report, M2-macrophage (Mφs) deficient mice showed increased renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation; however, the role of Mφs-related-cytokines and chemokines that affect kidney stone formation remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of M1/M2s in crystal development by using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The crystal phagocytic rate of bone marrow-derived M2Mφs was higher than that of bone marrow-derived Mφs and M1Mφs and increased on co-culture with renal tubular cells (RTCs). However, the amount of crystal attachment on RTCs reduced on co-culture with M2Mφs. In six hyperoxaluric C57BL/6J mice, M1Mφ transfusion and induction by LPS and IFN-γ facilitated renal crystal formation, whereas M2Mφ transfusion and induction by IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed renal crystal formation compared with the control. These M2Mφ treatments reduced the expression of crystal-related genes, such as osteopontin and CD44, whereas M1Mφ treatment increased the expression of pro-inflammatory and adhesion-related genes such as IL-6, inducible NOS, TNF-α, C3, and VCAM-1. The expression of M2Mφ-related genes was lower whereas that of M1Mφ-related genes was higher in papillary tissue of CaOx stone formers. Overall, our results suggest that renal crystal development is facilitated by M1Mφs, but suppressed by M2Mφs.
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Analysis of altered microRNA expression profiles in the kidney tissues of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluric rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4650-4658. [PMID: 27748900 PMCID: PMC5102036 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate stones account for >80% of urinary stones, however the mechanisms underlying their formation remains to be elucidated. Hyperoxaluria serves an important role in the pathophysiological process of stone formation. In the present study, differences in the miRNA expression profiles between experimental hyperoxaluric rats and normal rats were analyzed, in order to identify target genes and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria. Ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride was fed to male hyperoxaluric rats (EXP) and normal age-matched male rats (CON). The oxalate concentration in the urine of each experimental rat was collected every 24 h and measured on day 14. Three rats exhibiting the highest concentrations were selected for microarray analysis. Microarray analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the expression of microRNA (miRNA) in the kidney tissues from EXP and CON groups, and miRNAs that exhibited a >2-fold or a <0.5-fold alteration in expression between these groups were screened for differential expression patterns according to the threshold P-values. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was employed to confirm the microarray results. In order to predict the potential role of miRNAs in pathophysiological processes, gene ontology (GO), pathway and target prediction analyses were conducted. A total of 28 miRNAs were observed to be differentially expressed (>2-fold change) between EXP and CON groups. Among these miRNAs, 20 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated. GO and pathway analyses revealed that the insulin resistance and phosphatidylinositol-bisphosphonate 3-kinase/AKT serine threonine kinase signaling pathways were potentially associated with miRNA regulation in this setting. In conclusion, the results of the present study identified differentially expressed miRNAs in hyperoxaluric rats, and provided a novel perspective for the role of miRNAs in the formation of calcium oxalate stones.
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Fong-ngern K, Sueksakit K, Thongboonkerd V. Surface heat shock protein 90 serves as a potential receptor for calcium oxalate crystal on apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:463-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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EGCG decreases binding of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals onto renal tubular cells via decreased surface expression of alpha-enolase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:339-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaiyarit S, Singhto N, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals internalized into renal tubular cells are degraded and dissolved by endolysosomes. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 246:30-5. [PMID: 26748311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between calcium oxalate crystals and renal tubular cells has been recognized as one of the key mechanisms for kidney stone formation. While crystal adhesion and internalization have been extensively investigated, subsequent phenomena (i.e. crystal degradation and dissolution) remained poorly understood. To explore these mechanisms, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals (1000 μg/ml of crystals/culture medium) to confirm crystal internalization into MDCK (Type II) renal tubular cells after exposure to the crystals for 1 h and to trace the internalized crystals. Crystal size, intracellular and extracellular fluorescence levels were measured using a spectrofluorometer for up to 48 h after crystal internalization. Moreover, markers for early endosome (Rab5), late endosome (Rab7) and lysosome (LAMP-2) were examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry confirmed that FITC-labelled COM crystals were internalized into MDCK cells (14.83 ± 0.85%). The data also revealed a reduction of crystal size in a time-dependent manner. In concordance, intracellular and extracellular fluorescence levels were decreased and increased, respectively, indicating crystal degradation/dissolution inside the cells and the degraded products were eliminated extracellularly. Moreover, Rab5 and Rab7 were both up-regulated and were also associated with the up-regulated LAMP-2 to form large endolysosomes in the COM-treated cells at 16-h after crystal internalization. We demonstrate herein, for the first time, that COM crystals could be degraded/dissolved by endolysosomes inside renal tubular cells. These findings will be helpful to better understand the crystal fate and protective mechanism against kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Research in Complex Systems Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Singhto
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Research in Complex Systems Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Research in Complex Systems Sciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Panigrahi PN, Dey S, Jena SC. Urolithiasis: Critical Analysis of Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and Use of Medicinal Plants as Antiurolithiatic Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kusmartsev S, Dominguez-Gutierrez PR, Canales BK, Bird VG, Vieweg J, Khan SR. Calcium Oxalate Stone Fragment and Crystal Phagocytosis by Human Macrophages. J Urol 2015; 195:1143-51. [PMID: 26626217 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In murine and human hyperoxaluric conditions macrophages can be seen surrounding renal calcium oxalate crystal deposits. We hypothesized that macrophages have a role in degrading and destroying these deposits. We investigated the inflammatory response and phagocytic mechanisms when macrophages were exposed to human kidney stones and inorganic crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human monocytes were differentiated into resting, fully differentiated macrophages by treatment with recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or GM-CSF (granulocyte M-CSF) for 6 days. After confirming phenotype by flow cytometry the macrophages were exposed for 20 hours to fragments of sterile human calcium oxalate stones or calcium oxalate crystals. Crystal uptake was determined, and supernatant cytokine and chemokine profiles were analyzed using antibody arrays. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was done to validate mRNA profile expression. RESULTS Under direct vision fluorescence microscopy activated human macrophages were noted to surround stone fragments and synthesized crystals, and destroy them in a step-by-step process that involved clathrin mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis. An inflammatory cascade was released by macrophages, including the chemokines chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL3, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), complement component C5/C5a and IL-8. Response patterns to stone and crystal material depended on macrophage phenotype and activation status. CONCLUSIONS In our in vitro study macrophages differentiated with M-CSF showed greater ability to phagocytize crystal deposits than those treated with GM-CSF. Following clathrin mediated endocytosis macrophages released a number of cytokines that are crucial for the inflammatory immune response. This suggests that tissue macrophages have an important role in preventing kidney stone disease by removing and digesting interstitial renal crystal deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Kusmartsev
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Benjamin K Canales
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vincent G Bird
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Johannes Vieweg
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Saeed R Khan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Zaidan M, Palsson R, Gall ECL, Garstka A, Maggiore U, Deteix P, Battista M, Gagné ER, Ceballos-Picot I, Van Huyen JPD, Legendre C, Daudon M, Edvardsson VO, Knebelmann B, Knebelmann B. Recurrent 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy: a rare but preventable cause of renal allograft failure. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2623-32. [PMID: 25307253 PMCID: PMC4560835 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive enzyme defect of purine metabolism that usually manifests as 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) nephrolithiasis and more rarely chronic kidney disease. The disease is most often misdiagnosed and can recur in the renal allograft. We analyzed nine patients with recurrent 2,8-DHA crystalline nephropathy, in all of whom the diagnosis had been missed prior to renal transplantation. The diagnosis was established at a median of 5 (range 1.5-312) weeks following the transplant procedure. Patients had delayed graft function (n=2), acute-on-chronic (n=5) or acute (n=1) allograft dysfunction, whereas one patient had normal graft function at the time of diagnosis. Analysis of allograft biopsies showed birefringent 2,8-DHA crystals in renal tubular lumens, within tubular epithelial cells and interstitium. Fourier transformed infrared microscopy confirmed the diagnosis in all cases, which was further supported by 2,8-DHA crystalluria, undetectable erythrocyte APRT enzyme activity, and genetic testing. With allopurinol therapy, the allograft function improved (n=7), remained stable (n=1) or worsened (n=1). At last follow-up, two patients had experienced allograft loss and five had persistent chronic allograft dysfunction. 2,8-DHA nephropathy is a rare but underdiagnosed and preventable disorder that can recur in the renal allograft and may lead to allograft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zaidan
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Biologie cellulaire », Paris, France
| | - Runolfur Palsson
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Antoine Garstka
- Department of Nephrology, Huriez Hospital, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Department of Nephrology, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrice Deteix
- Department of Nephrology, Gabriel-Montpied Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michele Battista
- Departments of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation and International Research Centre Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD) of the Amedeo Avogadro University, Maggiore Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Eve-Reine Gagné
- Division of Nephrology, CHUS, FMSS, Sherbrooke University, Québec, Canada
| | - Irène Ceballos-Picot
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Duong Van Huyen
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Biologie cellulaire », Paris, France
| | - Michel Daudon
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tenon Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Vidar O. Edvardsson
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Knebelmann
- Department of Nephrology-Transplantation, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris, France,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Département « Biologie cellulaire », Paris, France
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Tang X, Bergstralh EJ, Mehta RA, Vrtiska TJ, Milliner DS, Lieske JC. Nephrocalcinosis is a risk factor for kidney failure in primary hyperoxaluria. Kidney Int 2014; 87:623-31. [PMID: 25229337 PMCID: PMC4344931 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stone formation and nephrocalcinosis are both very common features of primary hyperoxaluria, yet the extent of each disease varies markedly between patients. Here we studied whether kidney damage from nephrocalcinosis and/or stone related events contributed to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Clinical information was analyzed from 348 patients enrolled in the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium Primary Hyperoxaluria registry and included demographic, laboratory and imaging features. Among all patients there were 277 with type 1, 37 with type 2, and 34 with type 3 primary hyperoxaluria. Overall, 58% passed a stone (mean 0.3/year) and one or more urologic procedures were required by 70% of patients (mean 0.15/year). Nephrocalcinosis was found in 34% of patients, including 41% with type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. High urine oxalate was associated with increased risk for both nephrocalcinosis and stone number, while low urine citrate was a risk factor for stone events and stone number. After adjustment for the type of primary hyperoxaluria, diagnosis by family screening and age at first image, the overall adjusted hazard ratio for ESKD among those with a history of nephrocalcinosis was 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–3.0], while the risk was 4.0 [1.9–8.5] for new onset nephrocalcinosis during follow-up. In contrast, the number of stones and stone events were not significantly associated with ESKD risk. Thus, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis appear to be pathophysiologically distinct entities. The presence of nephrocalcinosis implies increased risk for ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tang
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ramila A Mehta
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dawn S Milliner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- 1] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Evan AP, Worcester EM, Coe FL, Williams J, Lingeman JE. Mechanisms of human kidney stone formation. Urolithiasis 2014; 43 Suppl 1:19-32. [PMID: 25108546 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-014-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms of kidney stone formation and growth are not completely known, even though human stone disease appears to be one of the oldest diseases known to medicine. With the advent of the new digital endoscope and detailed renal physiological studies performed on well phenotyped stone formers, substantial advances have been made in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the most common type of stone former, the idiopathic calcium oxalate stone former as well as nine other stone forming groups. The observations from our group on human stone formers and those of others on model systems have suggested four entirely different pathways for kidney stone formation. Calcium oxalate stone growth over sites of Randall's plaque appear to be the primary mode of stone formation for those patients with hypercalciuria. Overgrowths off the ends of Bellini duct plugs have been noted in most stone phenotypes, do they result in a clinical stone? Micro-lith formation does occur within the lumens of dilated inner medullary collecting ducts of cystinuric stone formers and appear to be confined to this space. Lastly, cystinuric stone formers also have numerous small, oval, smooth yellow appearing calyceal stones suggestive of formation in free solution. The scientific basis for each of these four modes of stone formation are reviewed and used to explore novel research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Evan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 5055, Indianapolis, IN, 46220, USA,
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Involvement of VKORC1 in the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal formation in HK-2 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:376-381. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Macropinocytosis is the Major Mechanism for Endocytosis of Calcium Oxalate Crystals into Renal Tubular Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:1171-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cossey LN, Rahim F, Larsen CP. Oxalate nephropathy and intravenous vitamin C. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:1032-5. [PMID: 23548555 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate nephropathy is a rare condition characterized by extensive calcium oxalate deposition in the renal tubules, resulting in kidney injury. There are primary forms of the disease that arise from genetic mutation causing overproduction of oxalate. More commonly, this condition is seen as a secondary phenomenon. The clinical presentation is nonspecific, with acute kidney injury and normal serologic study results. The characteristic finding on kidney biopsy is the presence of acute tubular injury associated with polarizable crystals in the tubular lumen and epithelial cytoplasm. We present a case of acute oxalate nephropathy in a patient with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus who recently received intravenous vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nicholas Cossey
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Hiemstra TF, Brown AJD, Chaudhry AN, Walsh M. Association of calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone with renal allograft function: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Nephrol 2013; 37:339-45. [PMID: 23548209 DOI: 10.1159/000348376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant variations in postoperative levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate exist after renal transplantation, but whether they affect allograft function is unknown. We investigated the association between early post-transplant levels of PTH, calcium and phosphate and graft function. METHODS We performed a single-centre cohort study of renal transplant recipients from Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, between April 1997 and March 2007, evaluating the association between plasma calcium, phosphate and PTH 1 month after transplantation and change in epidermal growth factor receptor (eGFR) in the first 12 months after transplantation (estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation). Differences in eGFR between 26 and 52 weeks after transplantation were computed using mixed effects linear regression models for repeated measures of eGFR, while adjusting for sociodemographic and biochemical variables. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-three patients were eligible for study. The mean age (standard deviation) at transplant was 43 years (13 years). Between 30 and 90 days after transplantation, the median (25th-75th percentile) eGFR was 33 (26-50) ml/min/1.73 m(2), the mean calcium level was 2.4 (0.17) mmol/l and the mean phosphate level was 0.78 (0.23) mmol/l. There was a significant interaction between calcium and phosphate levels (p = 0.006). In patients with low levels of phosphate, higher levels of calcium were associated with declining eGFR over time. However, in patients with a high phosphate level, higher calcium was associated with improved eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum calcium in patients with low serum phosphate after transplantation is associated with a decline in graft function during the first year after transplantation. Disorders of mineral metabolism after transplant may represent an important therapeutic target to preserve allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Hiemstra
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Guo C, Dugas T, Scates C, Garcia-Villarreal M, Ticich T, McMartin KE. Aluminum citrate blocks toxicity of calcium oxalate crystals by preventing binding with cell membrane phospholipids. Am J Nephrol 2013; 37:41-9. [PMID: 23295956 DOI: 10.1159/000345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Renal damage from ethylene glycol and primary hyperoxaluria is linked to accumulation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in the renal proximal tubule (PT). In vitro studies have shown that aluminum citrate (AC), uniquely among citrate salts, blocks COM cytotoxicity to tubular cells. These studies were designed to evaluate the interaction of COM with membrane phospholipids and the ability of AC to reduce COM toxicity by interfering with this interaction. METHODS Interaction of COM with phospholipids was assessed using differential scanning calorimetric analysis of structural changes in specific liposomes. Interaction of COM with cell membranes was studied by measuring binding of radiolabeled crystals by human PT (HPT) cells. RESULTS Analysis of liposomes prepared from phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) showed that COM interfered with the gel-liquid transition of PS liposomes, but not that of PC liposomes. AC reversed the COM-induced changes in liposomal structure. AC inhibited the binding of [(14)C]-COM by HPT cells in a concentration-dependent manner. AC blocked COM binding by interacting with the crystal surface and not the cell membrane. CONCLUSION These results indicate that AC blocks the binding of COM by PT cells, and consequently its cytotoxicity, by attaching to the surface of the crystal. Thus, AC, or a related compound that works by the same mechanism, could be a useful adjunct therapy to reduce the renal damage produced by severe hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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A novel assay to evaluate promoting effects of proteins on calcium oxalate crystal invasion through extracellular matrix based on plasminogen/plasmin activity. Talanta 2012; 101:240-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chaiyarit S, Thongboonkerd V. Changes in Mitochondrial Proteome of Renal Tubular Cells Induced by Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystal Adhesion and Internalization Are Related to Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3269-80. [PMID: 22512661 DOI: 10.1021/pr300018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office
for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Research in Complex
Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office
for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Research in Complex
Systems Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand
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Abstract
Hyperoxaluria leads to urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) supersaturation, resulting in the formation and retention of CaOx crystals in renal tissue. CaOx crystals may contribute to the formation of diffuse renal calcifications (nephrocalcinosis) or stones (nephrolithiasis). When the innate renal defense mechanisms are suppressed, injury and progressive inflammation caused by these CaOx crystals, together with secondary complications such as tubular obstruction, may lead to decreased renal function and in severe cases to end-stage renal failure. For decades, research on nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis mainly focused on both the physicochemistry of crystal formation and the cell biology of crystal retention. Although both have been characterized quite well, the mechanisms involved in establishing urinary supersaturation in vivo are insufficiently understood, particularly with respect to oxalate. Therefore, current therapeutic strategies often fail in their compliance or effectiveness, and CaOx stone recurrence is still common. As the etiology of hyperoxaluria is diverse, a good understanding of how oxalate is absorbed and transported throughout the body, together with a better insight in the regulatory mechanisms, is crucial in the setting of future treatment strategies of this disorder. In this review, the currently known mechanisms of oxalate handling in relevant organs will be discussed in relation to the different etiologies of hyperoxaluria. Furthermore, future directions in the treatment of hyperoxaluria will be covered.
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Wiech T, Hopfer H, Gaspert A, Banyai-Falger S, Hausberg M, Schroder J, Werner M, Mihatsch MJ. Histopathological patterns of nephrocalcinosis: a phosphate type can be distinguished from a calcium type. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:1122-31. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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48
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Lamontagne CA, Plante GE, Grandbois M. Characterization of hyaluronic acid interaction with calcium oxalate crystals: implication of crystals faces, pH and citrate. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:733-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose reduces renal crystallization and oxidative stress in a hyperoxaluric rat model. Kidney Int 2010; 79:538-45. [PMID: 21085110 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals to kidney cells may be a key event in the pathogenesis of kidney stones associated with marked hyperoxaluria. Previously, we found that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), isolated from a traditional medicinal herb, reduced CaOx crystal adhesion to renal epithelial cells by acting on the cells as well as on the crystal surface. Here we used the ethylene glycol (EG)-mediated hyperoxaluric rat model and found evidence of oxidant stress as indicated by decreases in the activities of the renal antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, with increased kidney cell apoptosis and serum malondialdehyde levels, all evident by 21 days of EG treatment. These effects of hyperoxaluria were reversed by concurrent PGG treatment along with decreased urinary oxalate levels and CaOx supersaturation. Renal epithelial cell expression of the crystal binding molecule hyaluronan increased diffusely within 7 days of EG initiation, suggesting it is not a result of but precedes crystal deposition. Renal cell osteopontin (OPN) was also upregulated in EG-treated animals, and PGG significantly attenuated overexpression of both OPN and hyaluronan. Thus, our findings demonstrate that PGG reduces renal crystallization and oxidative renal cell injury, and may be a candidate chemopreventive agent for nephrolithiasis.
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50
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Bergstralh EJ, Monico CG, Lieske JC, Herges RM, Langman CB, Hoppe B, Milliner DS. Transplantation outcomes in primary hyperoxaluria. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:2493-501. [PMID: 20849551 PMCID: PMC2965313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Optimal transplantation strategies are uncertain in primary hyperoxaluria (PH) due to potential for recurrent oxalosis. Outcomes of different transplantation approaches were compared using life-table methods to determine kidney graft survival among 203 patients in the International Primary Hyperoxaluria Registry. From 1976-2009, 84 kidney alone (K) and combined kidney and liver (K + L) transplants were performed in 58 patients. Among 58 first kidney transplants (32 K, 26 K + L), 1-, 3- and 5-year kidney graft survival was 82%, 68% and 49%. Renal graft loss occurred in 26 first transplants due to oxalosis in ten, chronic allograft nephropathy in six, rejection in five and other causes in five. Delay in PH diagnosis until after transplant favored early graft loss (p = 0.07). K + L had better kidney graft outcomes than K with death-censored graft survival 95% versus 56% at 3 years (p = 0.011). Among 29 year 2000-09 first transplants (24 K + L), 84% were functioning at 3 years compared to 55% of earlier transplants (p = 0.05). At 6.8 years after transplantation, 46 of 58 patients are living (43 with functioning grafts). Outcomes of transplantation in PH have improved over time, with recent K + L transplantation highly successful. Recurrent oxalosis accounted for a minority of kidney graft losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Bergstralh
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and the Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Carla G Monico
- Divisions of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, and the Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John C. Lieske
- Divisions of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, and the Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Regina M. Herges
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and the Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Craig B. Langman
- Division of Kidney Diseases, Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dawn S Milliner
- Divisions of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, and the Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Rochester, MN, United States
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