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Opening the door to the development of novel Abl kinase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2143-2165. [PMID: 27774798 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the importance of kinase activity and its relationship to the emergence and proliferation of cancer cells, due to changes in normal physiology, opened a remarkable pathway for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia through intense search of drug candidates. Six Abl kinase inhibitors have received the US FDA approval as chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment, and continuous efforts in obtaining new, more effective and selective molecules are being carried out. Herein we discuss the mechanisms of Abl inhibition, structural features and ligand/protein interactions that are important for the design of new Abl kinase inhibitors. This review provides a broad overview of binding mode predictions, through molecular docking, which can be an approach to discover novel Abl kinase inhibitors.
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Gopal SK, Greening DW, Mathias RA, Ji H, Rai A, Chen M, Zhu HJ, Simpson RJ. YBX1/YB-1 induces partial EMT and tumourigenicity through secretion of angiogenic factors into the extracellular microenvironment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13718-30. [PMID: 25980435 PMCID: PMC4537044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes a morphogenetic program which confers mesenchymal cell properties, such as reduced cell-cell contact and increased cell migration and invasion, to epithelial cells. Here we investigate the role of the pleiotropic transcription/splicing factor and RNA-binding protein nuclease-sensitive element-binding protein 1 (YBX1/YB-1) in increasing the oncogenic potential of epithelial MDCK cells. Characterization of MDCK cells expressing YBX1 (MDCKYBX1 cells) revealed a partial EMT phenotype, including cytosolic relocalization of E-cadherin, increased cell scattering, and anchorage-independent growth. Subcutaneous injection of parental MDCK cells into NOD/SCID mice did not form tumours. Critically, MDCKYBX1 cells established viable tumour xenografts, and immuno-histochemical staining indicated murine vascularization by CD31+ endothelial cells. We analysed the total secretome (containing soluble and extracellular vesicles) of MDCKYBX1 cells to investigate regulation of the tumour microenvironment. YBX1 expression elevated release of secreted factors known to enhance angiogenesis (TGF-β, CSF-1, NGF, VGF, ADAM9 and ADAM17), compared to MDCK cells. Importantly, treatment with MDCKYBX1 cell-derived secretome increased recipient 2F-2B endothelial cell motility. This defines YBX1 as an oncogenic enhancer that can regulate tumour angiogenesis via release of secreted modulators into the extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Gopal
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rommel A Mathias
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Molecular Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Olabisi OO, Mahon GM, Kostenko EV, Liu Z, Ozer HL, Whitehead IP. Bcr interacts with components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I and is required for epidermal growth factor receptor turnover. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6250-7. [PMID: 16778200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Virtually all patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) express an aberrant protein (p210 Bcr-Abl) that contains NH2-terminal sequences from Bcr fused to COOH-terminal sequences from Abl. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified TSG101 as a binding partner for Bcr. Because TSG101 is a subunit of the mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which regulates protein sorting during endosomal trafficking, this association suggests that Bcr may have a related cellular function. The docking site for TSG101 has been mapped to the COOH terminus of Bcr, indicating that this interaction may be disrupted in CML. Overexpression studies with full-length TSG101 and Bcr reveal that this interaction can be recapitulated in mammalian cells. The association can also be observed between natively expressed proteins in a panel of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines, where a second subunit of the ESCRT complex, vacuolar sorting protein 28 (Vps28), was also found to interact with Bcr. Both Bcr and TSG101 exhibit a punctate cytoplasmic distribution and seem to colocalize in HeLa cells, which would be consistent with an in vivo association. Bacterially purified Bcr and TSG101 also bind, suggesting that the interaction is direct and is not dependent on ubiquitination. Disruption of the endosomal pathway with an ATPase-defective Vps4 mutant results in the cellular redistribution of Bcr, and suppression of Bcr in HeLa cells by small interfering RNA impairs epidermal growth factor receptor turnover. Taken together, these observations suggest that Bcr is a component of the mammalian ESCRT complexes and plays an important role in cellular trafficking of growth factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyenike O Olabisi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and University Hospital Cancer Center, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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Talby L, Chambost H, Roubaud MC, N'Guyen C, Milili M, Loriod B, Fossat C, Picard C, Gabert J, Chiappetta P, Michel G, Schiff C. The chemosensitivity to therapy of childhood early B acute lymphoblastic leukemia could be determined by the combined expression of CD34, SPI-B and BCR genes. Leuk Res 2006; 30:665-76. [PMID: 16297978 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have identified genes differentially expressed in childhood early B acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis, according to chemosensitivity. Chemosensitive (M1) and chemoresistant (M3) patients present <5% and >25% of residual leukemic blasts at 21 days of treatment, respectively. The expression profiles of 4205 genes for 32 patients included in the FRALLE93 protocol have been determined using microarray. From differential analysis, CD34, SPI-B and BCR distinguished M1 from M3 patients using microarray and RT-PCR data. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and cross-validation show that the combined expression of these three genes classify and predict correctly around 90% and 80% of patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Talby
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), CNRS-INSERM-Univ. Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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