1
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Demirtürk N, Varan G, Kağa S, Malanga M, Bilensoy E. Optimization and characterization of Rituximab targeted multidrug loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124488. [PMID: 39032870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) constitutes 85-90 % of all lymphomas. Clinical treatment of NHL is based on the "4-drug regimen" known as CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). Rituximab (RTX) is added to increase the effectiveness and selectivity of the treatment and is the first-line standard treatment for NHL patients. However, success is often prevented by the development of drug resistance. In this study, it was aimed to overcome drug resistance by using two novel tumor-targeted derivatives: guanidine-amphiphilic cyclodextrin (ACD) and guanidine-cyclodextrin polymer (PCD) nanoparticles (NP). These constructs display promise in overcoming drug resistance and enhancing the effectiveness of R-CHOP treatment while potentially eliminating the need for corticosteroid. NP were found to be smaller than 200 nm by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity data on L929 cells demonstrated the safety of the newly synthesized CD derivatives. Additional in vitro characterization studies, including surface charge, physical stability, drug loading capacity, drug release profile, and imaging, as well as conventional and 3D cell culture studies were carried out. Compared to drug solutions, the viability of Daudi human lymphoma cells was statistically significantly decreased in both drug-loaded ACD and PCD NP formulations (p < 0.05). Additionally, RTX-conjugated and drug-loaded ACD NPs exhibited the lowest cell viability due to RTX dependent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbanu Demirtürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Varan
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadık Kağa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03300 Afyon, Turkey
| | - Milo Malanga
- CarboHyde Zrt., Berlini u. 47-49, 1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Nozaki I, Ishikawa N, Miyanari Y, Ogawa K, Tagawa A, Yoshida S, Munekane M, Mishiro K, Toriba A, Nakayama M, Fuchigami T. Borealin-Derived Peptides as Survivin-Targeting Cancer Imaging and Therapeutic Agents. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2149-2160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iori Nozaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Analytical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki852-8521, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ishikawa
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki852-8521, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyanari
- Institute of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Analytical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Ayako Tagawa
- Institute of Nano Life Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki852-8521, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Clinical Analytical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki852-8521, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Laboratory of Clinical Analytical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa920-1192, Japan
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3
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Vivarelli S, Falzone L, Ligresti G, Candido S, Garozzo A, Magro GG, Bonavida B, Libra M. Role of the Transcription Factor Yin Yang 1 and Its Selectively Identified Target Survivin in High-Grade B-Cells Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176446. [PMID: 32899428 PMCID: PMC7504013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) are often characterized by the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and/or relapse. During drug-induced apoptosis, Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor might modulate the expression of apoptotic regulators genes. The present study was aimed to: (1) examine the potential oncogenic role of YY1 in reversing drug resistance in B-NHLs; and (2) identify YY1 transcriptional target(s) that regulate the apoptotic pathway in B-NHLs. Predictive analyses coupled with database-deposited data suggested that YY1 binds the promoter of the BIRC5/survivin anti-apoptotic gene. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analyses of several B-NHL repositories revealed a conserved positive correlation between YY1 and survivin, both highly expressed, especially in aggressive B-NHLs. Further validation experiments performed in Raji Burkitt’s lymphomas cells, demonstrated that YY1 silencing was associated with survivin downregulation and sensitized the cells to apoptosis. Overall, our results revealed that: (1) YY1 and survivin are positively correlated and overexpressed in B-NHLs, especially in BLs; (2) YY1 strongly binds to the survivin promoter, hence survivin may be suggested as YY1 transcriptional target; (3) YY1 silencing sensitizes Raji cells to drug-induced apoptosis via downregulation of survivin; (4) both YY1 and survivin are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of resistant/relapsed B-NHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vivarelli
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Saverio Candido
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Adriana Garozzo
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giuseppe Magro
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Sicily, Italy
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Massimo Libra
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.V.); (G.L.); (S.C.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1271
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4
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Abstract
Survivin is one of the most cancer-specific proteins overexpressed in almost all malignancies, but is nearly undetectable in most normal tissues in adults. Functionally, as a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, survivin has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and increase proliferation. The antiapoptotic function of survivin seems to be related to its ability to inhibit caspases directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the role of survivin in cell cycle division control is related to its role in the chromosomal passenger complex. Consistent with its determining role in these processes, survivin plays a crucial role in cancer progression and cancer cell resistance to anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation. On the basis of these findings, recently survivin has been investigated intensively as an ideal tumor biomarker. Thus, multiple molecular approaches such as use of the RNA interfering technique, antisense oligonucleotides, ribozyme, and small molecule inhibitors have been used to downregulate survivin regulation and inhibit its biological function consequently. In this review, all these approaches are explained and other compounds that induced apoptosis in different cell lines through survivin inhibition are also reported.
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5
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Thamm DH, Joseph JK, Rose BJ, Meuten TK, Weishaar KM. Phase-I trial of survivin inhibition with EZN-3042 in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:97. [PMID: 32209084 PMCID: PMC7092583 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoma is a common cancer in dogs. While most dogs receiving chemotherapy experience remission, very few are cured, and median survival times are generally in the 12-month range. Novel approaches to treatment are unquestionably needed. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family member survivin, which is one of the most commonly overexpressed proteins in human cancer, plays a key role in apoptosis resistance, a major cause of drug-resistant treatment failure. Survivin targeting therapies have shown promise preclinically; however, none have been evaluated in dogs to date. The goal of the current study was to determine the safety and pharmacodynamic effects of systemic administration of the anti-survivin locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide EZN-3042 in dogs with lymphoma. RESULTS We performed a prospective phase-I clinical trial in dogs with biopsy-accessible peripheral nodal lymphoma. Eighteen dogs were treated with EZN-3042 as a 2-h IV infusion at 5 dose levels, from 3.25 to 8.25 mg/kg twice weekly for 3 treatments. No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. Reduction in tumor survivin mRNA and protein were observed in 3 of 5 evaluable dogs at the 8.25 mg/kg dose cohort. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, reduced survivin expression was demonstrated in lymphoma tissues in the majority of dogs treated with EZN-3042 at 8.25 mg/kg twice weekly, which was associated with minimal adverse effects. This dose may be used in future studies of EZN-3042/chemotherapy combinations in dogs with spontaneous lymphoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jenette K Joseph
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Barbara J Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA
| | - Travis K Meuten
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1620, USA
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6
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Fuchigami T, Ishikawa N, Nozaki I, Miyanari Y, Yoshida S, Yamauchi M, Soejima A, Haratake M, Nakayama M. Discovery of inner centromere protein-derived small peptides for cancer imaging and treatment targeting survivin. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1357-1366. [PMID: 31991041 PMCID: PMC7156834 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which is consistently overexpressed in most cancer cells but rarely expressed in normal adult tissues. Therefore, the detection and inhibition of survivin are regarded as attractive strategies for cancer‐specific treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized 7‐19 residues of inner centromere protein (INCENP)‐derived small peptides (INC peptides) as novel survivin‐targeting agents. The INC peptides showed binding affinity for the human survivin protein (Kd = 91.4‐255 nmol L−1); INC16‐22, which contains residues 16‐22 of INCENP, showed the highest affinity (91.4 nmol L−1). Confocal fluorescence imaging showed consistent colocalization of FITC‐INC16‐22 and survivin in cell lines. Nona‐arginine‐linked INC16‐22 (r9‐INC16‐22) rendered INC16‐22 cells penetrable and strongly inhibited cell growth of MIA PaCa‐2 cells (52% inhibition at 1.0 µmol L−1) and MDA‐MB‐231 cells (60% inhibition at 10 µmol L−1) as determined by MTT assays. The exposure of MIA PaCa‐2 cells to 40 µmol L−1 r9‐INC16‐22 apparently reduced the intracellular protein expression levels of survivin. However, cleaved caspase‐3 was significantly increased in cells treated with r9‐INC16‐22, even at 10 µmol L−1, compared to untreated cells. Flow cytometry revealed that r9‐INC16‐22 strongly induced apoptosis in MIA PaCa‐2 cells. These results indicate that the cytotoxic effects of r9‐INC16‐22 could be mediated mainly through the disruption of survivin‐dependent antiapoptotic functions and partly because of the direct degradation of the survivin protein. Our findings suggest that INC peptides can act as useful scaffolds for novel cancer imaging and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuchigami
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ishikawa
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Iori Nozaki
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyanari
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamauchi
- Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayumi Soejima
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mamoru Haratake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Morio Nakayama
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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7
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Liu SH, Wang PP, Chen CT, Li D, Liu QY, Lv L, Liu X, Wang LN, Li BX, Weng CY, Fang XS, Cao XF, Mao HB, Chen XJ, Luo SL, Zheng SX, Liu GL, Wu Y. MicroRNA-148b enhances the radiosensitivity of B-cell lymphoma cells by targeting Bcl-w to promote apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:935-946. [PMID: 32140063 PMCID: PMC7053334 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system that typically affects B cells. The up-regulation of miR-148b is associated with radiosensitization in B-cell lymphoma (BCL). This study aimed to explore the role of miR-148b in regulating the radiosensitivity of BCL cells and to investigate the underlying mechanism. miR-148b directly targeted Bcl-w, decreased the cell viability and colony formation, while promoted apoptosis, in irradiated BCL cells. These changes were accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, increased levels of the cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 3, and increased expression of other proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These effects of miR-148b were effectively inhibited by Bcl-w. In addition, miR-148b inhibited the growth of tumors in nude mice implanted with xenografts of irradiated Raji cells. In patients with BCL, levels of miR-148b were downregulated, while levels of Bcl-w were upregulated; a significant negative correlation between levels of miR-148b and Bcl-w was confirmed. Taken together, these experiments showed that miR-148b promoted radiation-induced apoptosis in BCL cells by targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-w. miR-148b might be used as a marker to predict the radiosensitivity of BCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cun-Te Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong-Yao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Xiu Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng-Yin Weng
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Fang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Bo Mao
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Li Luo
- Department of Gerontology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Long Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Shalaby S, Khater M, Laknaur A, Arbab A, Al-Hendy A. Molecular Bio-Imaging Probe for Non-Invasive Differentiation Between Human Leiomyoma Versus Leiomyosarcoma. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:644-654. [PMID: 31925772 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma is the most frequent subtype of the deadly uterine sarcoma and shares many common clinical grounds with leiomyoma, which is in turn the most common solid benign uterine neoplasm. With the recent progress in minimally invasive techniques for managing leiomyomas, accurate preoperative diagnosis of uterine masses has become the most important selection criterion for the safest therapeutic option. Therefore, different imaging modalities would be playing a key role in management of uterine masses. Testing for a sarcoma-specific promoter that expresses its downstream reporter gene only in leiomyosarcoma and not in leiomyoma or healthy uterine tissue. Adenoviral vectors were utilized both in vitro and in vivo to test the specificity of the promoters. Quantitative studies of downstream gene expression of these promoters was carried out both in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicated that human leiomyosarcoma cells highly expressed the reporter gene downstream to survivin promoter (Ad-SUR-LUC) when compared with benign leiomyoma or normal cells (p value of 0.05). Our study suggested that survivin is the unique promoter capable of distinguishing between the deadly sarcoma and the benign counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Khater
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Archana Laknaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ali Arbab
- Cancer Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UIC, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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9
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Rafatmanesh A, Behjati M, Mobasseri N, Sarvizadeh M, Mazoochi T, Karimian M. The survivin molecule as a double-edged sword in cellular physiologic and pathologic conditions and its role as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:725-744. [PMID: 31250439 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the family of apoptosis inhibitory proteins with increased expression level in most cancerous tissues. Evidence shows that survivin plays regulatory roles in proliferation or survival of normal adult cells, principally vascular endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, primitive hematopoietic cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Survivin antiapoptotic role is, directly and indirectly, related to caspase proteins and shows its role in cell division through the chromosomal passenger complex. Survivin contains many genetic polymorphisms that the role of some variations has been proven in several cancers. The -31G/C polymorphism is one of the most important survivin mutations which is located in the promoter region on a CDE/CHR motif. This polymorphism can upregulate the survivin messenger RNA. In addition, its allele C can increase the risk of cancers in 1.27-fold than allele G. Considering the fundamental role of survivin in different cancers, this protein could be considered as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. For this purpose, various strategies have been designed including the prevention of survivin expression through inhibition of mRNA translation using antagonistic molecules, inhibition of survivin gene function through small inhibitory molecules, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. In this study, we describe the structure, played roles in physiological and pathological states and genetic polymorphisms of survivin. Finally, the role of survivin as a potential target in cancer therapy given challenges ahead has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Rafatmanesh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mobasseri
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sarvizadeh
- The Advocate Center for Clinical Research, Ayatollah Yasrebi Hospital, Kashan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mazoochi
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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10
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Piechowski J. Plausibility of trophoblastic-like regulation of cancer tissue. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5033-5046. [PMID: 31213916 PMCID: PMC6549421 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thus far, a well-established logical pattern of malignancy does not exist. The current approach to cancer properties is primarily descriptive with usually, for each of them, extensive analyses of the underlying associated biomolecular mechanisms. However, this remains a catalog and it would be valuable to determine the organizational chart that could account for their implementation, hierarchical links and input into tumor regulation. Hypothesis: Striking phenotypic similarities exist between trophoblast (invasive and expanding early placenta) and cancer regarding cell functions, logistics of development, means of protection and capacity to hold sway over the host organism. The concept of cancer cell trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation appears to be a rational proposal in an attempt to explain this analogy and provide a consistent insight into how cancer cells are functioning. Should this concept be validated, it could pave the way to promising research and therapeutic perspectives given that the trophoblastic properties are vital for the tumor while they are permanently epigenetically turned off in normal cells. Specifically targeting expression of the trophoblastic master genes could thereby be envisaged to jeopardize the tumor and its metastases without, in principle, inducing adverse side effects in the healthy tissues. Conclusion: A wide set of functional features of cancer tissue regulation, including some apparently paradoxical facts, was reviewed. Cancer cell misuse of physiological trophoblastic functions can clearly account for them, which identifies trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation as a likely key component of malignancy and makes it a potential relevant anticancer target.
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11
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Barré FPY, Claes BSR, Dewez F, Peutz-Kootstra C, Munch-Petersen HF, Grønbæk K, Lund AH, Heeren RMA, Côme C, Cillero-Pastor B. Specific Lipid and Metabolic Profiles of R-CHOP-Resistant Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Elucidated by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging and in Vivo Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14198-14206. [PMID: 30422637 PMCID: PMC6328237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common B-cell
non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To treat this aggressive disease, R-CHOP, a
combination of immunotherapy (R; rituximab) and chemotherapy (CHOP;
cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), remains
the most commonly used regimen for newly diagnosed DLBCLs. However,
up to one-third of patients ultimately becomes refractory to initial
therapy or relapses after treatment, and the high mortality rate highlights
the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches based upon selective
molecular targets. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms
underlying relapsed DLBCL, we studied differences in the lipid and
metabolic composition of nontreated and R-CHOP-resistant tumors, using
a combination of in vivo DLBCL xenograft models and mass spectrometry
imaging. Together, these techniques provide information regarding
analyte composition and molecular distributions of therapy-resistant
and sensitive areas. We found specific lipid and metabolic profiles
for R-CHOP-resistant tumors, such as a higher presence of phosphatidylinositol
and sphingomyelin fragments. In addition, we investigated intratumor
heterogeneity and identified specific lipid markers of viable and
necrotic areas. Furthermore, we could monitor metabolic changes and
found reduced adenosine triphosphate and increased adenosine monophosphate
in the R-CHOP-resistant tumors. This work highlights the power of
combining in vivo imaging and MSI to track molecular signatures in
DLBCL, which has potential application for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Y Barré
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Britt S R Claes
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Dewez
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Carine Peutz-Kootstra
- Department of Pathology , Maastricht University Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht , 6229 HX Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Helga F Munch-Petersen
- Department of Haematology and Department of Pathology , Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Epigenomlaboratoriet, Rigshospitalet Dept. 3733 , Bartholin Institute , Copenhagen Biocenter, 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) , University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) , University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Côme
- Epigenomlaboratoriet, Rigshospitalet Dept. 3733 , Bartholin Institute , Copenhagen Biocenter, 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) , University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry , Maastricht University , 6229 ER Maastricht , The Netherlands
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12
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Survivin-Based Treatment Strategies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040971. [PMID: 29587347 PMCID: PMC5979467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an anti-apoptotic molecule abundantly expressed in most human neoplasms, has been reported to contribute to cancer initiation and drug resistance in a wide variety of human tumors. Efficient downregulation of survivin can sensitize tumor cells to various therapeutic interventions, generating considerable efforts in its validation as a new target in cancer therapy. This review thoroughly analyzes up-to-date information on the potential of survivin as a therapeutic target for new anticancer treatments. The literature dealing with the therapeutic targeting of survivin will be reviewed, discussing specifically squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and with emphasis on the last clinical trials. This review gives insight into the recent developments undertaken in validating various treatment strategies that target survivin in SCCs and analyze the translational possibility, identifying those strategies that seem to be the closest to being incorporated into clinical practice. The most recent developments, such as dominant-negative survivin mutants, RNA interference, anti-sense oligonucleotides, small-molecule inhibitors, and peptide-based immunotherapy, seem to be helpful for effectively downregulating survivin expression and reducing tumor growth potential, increasing the apoptotic rate, and sensitizing tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. However, selective and efficient targeting of survivin in clinical trials still poses a major challenge.
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13
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Li D, Hu C, Li H. Survivin as a novel target protein for reducing the proliferation of cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:399-406. [PMID: 29725522 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, also known as baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5, is a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Survivin is highly expressed in tumors and embryonic tissues and is associated with tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion and metastasis; however, survivin is expressed at low levels in normal terminally differentiated adult tissues. Meanwhile, the expression level of survivin is also a negative prognostic factor for patients with cancer. These unique characteristics of survivin make it an exciting potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review will discuss the biological characteristics of survivin and its potential use as a treatment target to reduce cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chenghao Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Huibin Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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14
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Cheng C, Wang T, Song Z, Peng L, Gao M, Hermine O, Rousseaux S, Khochbin S, Mi J, Wang J. Induction of autophagy and autophagy-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by a new antimalarial artemisinin derivative, SM1044. Cancer Med 2018; 7:380-396. [PMID: 29277967 PMCID: PMC5806110 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is currently the standard therapy for DLBCL, but the prognosis of refractory or recurrent patients remains poor. In this study, we synthesized a new water-soluble antimalarial drug artemisinin derivative, SM1044. The treatment of DLBCL cell lines with SM1044 induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis, which is directed by an accelerated degradation of the antiapoptosis protein Survivin, via its acetylation-dependent interaction with the autophagy-related protein LC3-II. Additionally, SM1044 also stimulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide, which in turn activates the CaMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 axis, leading to the initiation of autophagy. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells, but also suggest that SM1044 is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of DLBCL, along with R-CHOP regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiqun Song
- Department of Blood Transfusionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Service d'Hématologie AdultesHôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesAssistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309/INSERM U1209/Université Grenoble‐Alpes/Institute for Advanced BiosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Jian‐Qing Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsDepartment of HematologyShanghai Institute of HematologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Systems BiomedicinePôle Sino‐Français des Sciences du Vivant et GenomiqueRui Jin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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15
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Sokołowska J, Urbańska K. Survivin expression in correlation with apoptotic activity in canine lymphomas. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:329-338. [PMID: 28865215 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Survivin regulates cell cycle and mitosis and has antiapoptotic properties. Because of its dual function survivin has been the subject of much research focusing on its role in tumorigenesis and the relationship between survivin expression and apoptotic and/or proliferative activity in many types of human tumor including non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Such studies have not been conducted in canine lymphomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of survivin in canine lymphomas of low (5/25) and high (20/25) grades in relation to apoptotic markers (apoptotic index and index of caspase-3). Survivin was found in all examined lymphomas. Most tumors (18/25) showed survivin expression in 10%-25% of positive cells. Only in single cases was lower (0-10% positive cells, 1/25) or higher (25%-50% and >50% positive cells, 5/25 and 1/25, respectively) survivin expression. No significant differences between mean values of either index of survivin or apoptotic index was found between low and high grade lymphomas. However, such a difference among lymphoma grades was shown regarding the caspase-3 index. No correlation between the survivin index and either the apoptotic index or caspase-3 index was found, irrespective of the method of quantification: in whole specimens or in areas of low and high survivin expression. Positive correlation was consistently noted only between both apoptotic markers. The results indicate that survivin is commonly expressed in canine lymphomas. It seems that survivin does not exhibit anti-apoptotic activity in canine lymphomas. Lack of correlation between survivin expression and apoptotic markers could indicate its potential role in cell cycle activation in lymphoma cells.
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16
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Khan Z, Khan AA, Yadav H, Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS. Survivin, a molecular target for therapeutic interventions in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:8. [PMID: 28536639 PMCID: PMC5415770 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. The treatment of locally advanced disease generally requires various combinations of radiotherapy, surgery, and systemic therapy. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, most of the patients relapse. Identification of molecules that sustain cancer cell growth and survival has made molecular targeting a feasible therapeutic strategy. Survivin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) family, which is overexpressed in most of the malignancies including SCC and totally absent in most of the normal tissues. This feature makes survivin an ideal target for cancer therapy. It orchestrates several important mechanisms to support cancer cell survival including inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division. Overexpression of survivin in tumors is also associated with poor prognosis, aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and high tumor recurrence. Various strategies have been developed to target survivin expression in cancer cells, and their effects on apoptosis induction and tumor growth attenuation have been demonstrated. In this review, we discuss recent advances in therapeutic potential of survivin in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Khan
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariom Yadav
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Prakash Singh Bisen
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474001 MP India
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17
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Malherbe JAJ, Fuller KA, Mirzai B, Kavanagh S, So CC, Ip HW, Guo BB, Forsyth C, Howman R, Erber WN. Dysregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediates megakaryocytic hyperplasia in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:jclinpath-2016-203625. [PMID: 27060176 PMCID: PMC5136711 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Megakaryocyte expansion in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is due to uncontrolled proliferation accompanied by dysregulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Here we have investigated the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways of megakaryocytes in human MPNs to further define the mechanisms involved. METHODS The megakaryocytic expression of proapoptotic caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, p53 and antiapoptotic survivin proteins was investigated in bone marrow specimens of the MPNs (n=145) and controls (n=15) using immunohistochemistry. The megakaryocyte percentage positivity was assessed by light microscopy and correlated with the MPN entity, JAK2V617F/CALR mutation status and platelet count. RESULTS The proportion of megakaryocytes in the MPNs expressing caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, survivin and p53 was significantly greater than controls. A greater proportion of myeloproliferative megakaryocytes expressed survivin relative to its reciprocal inhibitor, Diablo. Differences were seen between myelofibrosis, polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia for caspase-9 and p53. CALR-mutated cases had greater megakaryocyte p53 positivity compared to those with the JAK2V617F mutation. Proapoptotic caspase-9 expression showed a positive correlation with platelet count, which was most marked in myelofibrosis and CALR-mutated cases. CONCLUSIONS Disruptions targeting the intrinsic apoptotic cascade promote megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis in the MPNs. There is progressive dysfunction of apoptosis as evidenced by the marked reduction in proapoptotic caspase-9 and accumulation of p53 in myelofibrosis. The dysfunction of caspase-9, which is necessary for proplatelet formation, may be the mechanism for the excess thrombocytosis associated with CALR mutations. Survivin seems to be the key protein mediating the megakaryocyte survival signature in the MPNs and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A J Malherbe
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Kavanagh
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chi-Chiu So
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Wan Ip
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Belinda B Guo
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecily Forsyth
- Jarrett Street Specialist Centre, North Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Yin H, Sun Y, Wang X, Park J, Zhang Y, Li M, Yin J, Liu Q, Wei M. Progress on the relationship between miR-125 family and tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:252-60. [PMID: 26407906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNA-125 family, which is a highly conserved miRNA family throughout evolution, is consist of miRNA-125a-3p, miRNA-125a-5p, miRNA-125b-1 and miRNA-125b-2.The aberrant expression of miR-125 familyis tightly related to tumorigenesis and tumor development. The downstream targets of miRNA-125 include transcription factors like STAT3, cytokines like IL-6 and TGF-β, tumor suppressing protein p53, pro-apoptotic protein Bak1 and RNA binding protein HuR et al. Through regulating these downstream targets miR-125 family is involved in regulating tumorigenesis and tumor development. Nowadays, miR-125b have already became a putative and valuable biomarker for cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In this review, we mainly summarize the dual function of miRNA-125 family in suppression and promotion of cancer cells and further elaborate its regulatory mechanisms from four facets, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion or metastasis and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Dalian 24 High School, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Afiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Afiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jeiyoun Park
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanyang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, China
| | - Molin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Afiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Minghai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Afiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
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19
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Sylvan SE, Skribek H, Norin S, Muhari O, Österborg A, Szekely L. Sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to small targeted therapeutic molecules: An in vitro comparative study. Exp Hematol 2015; 44:38-49.e1. [PMID: 26325331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
New drugs targeting important cellular signaling pathways are currently being developed for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It is therefore of interest to analyze their in vitro killing capacity in manufacturer-independent, comparative experiments. We here report on the sensitivity of CLL cells to a panel of emerging targeted therapeutics using high-throughput screening based on an automated fluorescence digital scanning system. Fresh CLL cells from 42 patients with indolent or progressive CLL were cultured for 72 hours on microtiter plates in a unique primary cell culture medium. Antitumor effects of 31 small therapeutic molecules (and, as controls, 29 cytostatic agents) at equimolar concentration were compared in a fluorescence survival assay. In vitro sensitivity to each drug exhibited considerable interpatient variability. The highest mean direct killing was observed for one survivin inhibitor (YM-155), two bcl-2 inhibitors (ABT-199, ABT-737), and one selective CDK inhibitor (dinaciclib). Their killing capacity was, in contrast to most cytostatic agents, similarly high in refractory versus untreated CLL patients and was significantly higher on cells with the 17p deletion/TP53 mutation than on cells with other cytogenetic abnormalities (p = 0.02). Sensitivity of bone marrow and lymph node cells was highly correlated with that of blood cells. Even though direct killing may not be the only therapeutic effector function in vivo, results from this head-to-head comparison may help to identify drugs of particular interest for intensified clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Eketorp Sylvan
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Henriette Skribek
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Integrative Recognition in the Immune System, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Norin
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Orsolya Muhari
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Integrative Recognition in the Immune System, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laszlo Szekely
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology and Center for Integrative Recognition in the Immune System, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Survivin as a preferential target for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2494-516. [PMID: 24531137 PMCID: PMC3958864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is typically a consequence of imbalance between cell death and proliferation in a way favorable to cell proliferation and survival. Most conventional cancer therapies are based on targeting rapidly growing cancerous cells to block growth or enhance cell death, thereby, restoring the balance between these processes. In many instances, malignancies that develop resistance to current treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy often present the greatest challenge in subsequent management of the patient. Studies have shown that under normal circumstances, cells utilize different death mechanisms, such as apoptosis (programmed cell death), autophagy, mitotic catastrophe, and necrosis to maintain homeostasis and physiological integrity of the organism, but these processes often appear to be altered in cancer. Thus, in recent years developing various strategies for administration of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in combination with apoptosis-sensitizing reagents is receiving more emphasis. Here, we review the properties of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family and the clinical feasibility and anti-cancer potential of drugs targeting this protein. We also discuss some key points and concerns that should be taken into consideration while developing drugs that target apoptotic proteins, such as survivin.
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21
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Treat cancers by targeting survivin: Just a dream or future reality? Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:802-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system in haematological malignancies. Blood Rev 2013; 27:297-304. [PMID: 24183816 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in cellular protein homeostasis through the targeted destruction of damaged/misfolded proteins and regulatory proteins that control critical cellular functions. The UPS comprises a sequential series of enzymatic activities to covalently attach ubiquitin to proteins to target them for degradation through the proteasome. Aberrancies within this system have been associated with transformation and tumourigenesis and thus, the UPS represents an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapies. The use of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, in the treatment of Plasma Cell Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma has validated the UPS as a therapeutic target. Following on its success, efforts are focused on the development of second-generation proteasome inhibitors and small molecule inhibitors of other components of the UPS. This review will provide an overview of the UPS and discuss current and novel therapies targeting the UPS.
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23
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Kaneko N, Kita A, Yamanaka K, Mori M. Combination of YM155, a survivin suppressant with a STAT3 inhibitor: A new strategy to treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Pepin KM, Chen J, Glaser KJ, Mariappan YK, Reuland B, Ziesmer S, Carter R, Ansell SM, Ehman RL, McGee KP. MR elastography derived shear stiffness--a new imaging biomarker for the assessment of early tumor response to chemotherapy. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1834-40. [PMID: 23801372 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The overall goal is to develop magnetic resonance elastography derived shear stiffness as a biomarker for the early identification of chemotherapy response, allowing dose, agent type and treatment regimen to be tailored on a per patient basis, improving therapeutic outcome and minimizing normal tissue toxicity. The specific purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of this novel biomarker to measure the treatment response in a well-known chemotherapy model. METHODS Tumors were grown in the right flank of genetically modified mice by subcutaneous injection of DoHH2 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) cells. Magnetic resonance elastography was used to quantify tumor stiffness before and after injection of a chemotherapeutic agent or saline. Histological tests were also performed on the tumors. RESULTS A significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in magnetic resonance elastography-derived tumor shear stiffness was observed within 4 days of chemotherapy treatment, while no appreciable change was observed in saline-treated tumors. No significant change in volume occurred at this early stage, but there were decreased levels of cellular proliferation in chemotherapy-treated tumors. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that magnetic resonance elastography-derived estimates of shear stiffness reflect an initial response to cytotoxic therapy and suggest that this metric could be an early and sensitive biomarker of tumor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Pepin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Markedly additive antitumor activity with the combination of a selective survivin suppressant YM155 and alemtuzumab in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood 2013; 121:2029-37. [PMID: 23321252 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-427773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4(+)CD25(+) lymphocytes caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Currently, there is no accepted curative therapy for ATL. In gene expression profiling, the antiapoptotic protein survivin (BIRC5) demonstrated a striking increase in ATL, and its expression was increased in patient ATL cells resistant to the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of a small-molecule survivin suppressant YM155 alone and in combination with alemtuzumab in a murine model of human ATL (MET-1). Both YM155 alone and its combination with alemtuzumab demonstrated therapeutic efficacy by lowering serum soluble IL-2Rα (sIL-2Rα) levels (P < .001) and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice (P < .0001). Moreover, the combination of YM155 with alemtuzumab demonstrated markedly additive antitumor activity by significantly lowering serum sIL-2Rα levels and improving the survival of leukemia-bearing mice compared with monotherapy with either YM155 (P < .001) or alemtuzumab (P < .05). More significantly, all mice that received the combination therapy survived and were tumor free >6 months after treatment. Our data support a clinical trial of the combination of YM155 with alemtuzumab in ATL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00061048.
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Tao YF, Lu J, Du XJ, Sun LC, Zhao X, Peng L, Cao L, Xiao PF, Pang L, Wu D, Wang N, Feng X, Li YH, Ni J, Wang J, Pan J. Survivin selective inhibitor YM155 induce apoptosis in SK-NEP-1 Wilms tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:619. [PMID: 23267699 PMCID: PMC3543843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, functions as a key regulator of mitosis and programmed cell death. YM155, a novel molecular targeted agent, suppresses survivin, which is overexpressed in many tumor types. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of YM155 in SK-NEP-1 cells. Methods SK-NEP-1 cell growth in vitro and in vivo was assessed by MTT and nude mice experiments. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometric analysis was used to detect apoptosis in cell culture. Then gene expression profile of tumor cells treated with YM155 was analyzed with real-time PCR arrays. We then analyzed the expression data with MEV (Multi Experiment View) cluster software. Datasets representing genes with altered expression profile derived from cluster analyses were imported into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. Results YM155 treatment resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation of SK-NEP-1cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V assay, cell cycle, and activation of caspase-3 demonstrates that YM155 induced apoptosis in SK-NEP-1 cells. YM155 significantly inhibited growth of SK-NEP-1 xenografts (YM155 5 mg/kg: 1.45 ± 0.77 cm3; YM155 10 mg/kg: 0.95 ± 0.55 cm3) compared to DMSO group (DMSO: 3.70 ± 2.4 cm3) or PBS group cells (PBS: 3.78 ± 2.20 cm3, ANOVA P < 0.01). YM155 treatment decreased weight of tumors (YM155 5 mg/kg: 1.05 ± 0.24 g; YM155 10 mg/kg: 0.72 ± 0.17 g) compared to DMSO group (DMSO: 2.06 ± 0.38 g) or PBS group cells (PBS: 2.36 ± 0.43 g, ANOVA P < 0.01). Real-time PCR array analysis showed between Test group and control group there are 32 genes significantly up-regulated and 54 genes were significantly down-regulated after YM155 treatment. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed cell death was the highest rated network with 65 focus molecules and the significance score of 44. The IPA analysis also groups the differentially expressed genes into biological mechanisms that are related to cell death, cellular function maintenance, cell morphology, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular growth and proliferation. Death receptor signaling (3.87E-19), TNFR1 signaling, induction of apoptosis by HIV1, apoptosis signaling and molecular mechanisms of cancer came out to be the top four most significant pathways. IPA analysis also showed top molecules up-regulated were BBC3, BIRC3, BIRC8, BNIP1, CASP7, CASP9, CD5, CDKN1A, CEBPG and COL4A3, top molecules down-regulated were ZNF443, UTP11L, TP73, TNFSF10, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF25, TIAF1, STK17A, SST and SPP1, upstream regulator were NR3C1, TP53, dexamethasone , TNF and Akt. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that YM155 treatment resulted in apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation of SK-NEP-1cells. YM155 had significant role and little side effect in the treatment of SK-NEP-1 xenograft tumors. Real-time PCR array analysis firstly showed expression profile of genes dyes-regulated after YM155 treatment. IPA analysis also represents new molecule mechanism of YM155 treatment, such as NR3C1 and dexamethasone may be new target of YM155. And our results may provide new clues of molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by YM155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Kalungi S, Wabinga H, Bostad L. Expression of apoptosis associated proteins Survivin, Livin and Thrombospondin-1 in Burkitt lymphoma. APMIS 2012; 121:239-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Department of Pathology; Makerere University College of Health Sciences; Kampala; Uganda
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Faccion RS, Rezende LMM, Romano SDO, Bigni RDS, Mendes GLQ, Maia RC. Centroblastic diffuse large B cell lymphoma displays distinct expression pattern and prognostic role of apoptosis resistance related proteins. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:404-14. [PMID: 22571341 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.672844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Centroblastic diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Survivin, XIAP, and Ki-67. Survivin was the only protein which expression exhibited a trend for impact in progression-free (p = .077) and overall survival (p = .054). In the Mann-Whitney test, Survivin expression correlated with a negative overall survival (p = .045). These results appeared to be intimately related to Survivin cytoplasmic localization. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Survivin were less frequent in centroblastic DLBCL. Our results indicate that centroblastic DLBCL may be a disease with characteristic biology and clinical course and, therefore, specific prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Soares Faccion
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Coordenação Geral Técnico-Científica, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kita A, Mitsuoka K, Kaneko N, Nakata M, Yamanaka K, Jitsuoka M, Miyoshi S, Noda A, Mori M, Nakahara T, Sasamata M. Sepantronium bromide (YM155) enhances response of human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma to rituximab. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:178-83. [PMID: 22787117 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.195925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) rituximab improves long-term survival in combination with conventional chemotherapy. However, because the majority of patients with B-NHL eventually relapse, the development of more effective therapies is needed. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effects of a combination treatment involving sepantronium bromide (YM155), a first-in-class survivin suppressant, and rituximab in B-NHL xenograft mice models. To determine the efficacy of the combination treatment, YM155- and rituximab-treated B-NHL cell xenografted mice were monitored for tumor size and survival and subjected to 2'-deoxy-2'-(18)F-fluoro-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) and 3'-(18)F-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ((18)F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In addition, the cell proliferation status of excised tumors was examined by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. In DB, WSU-DLCL-2, and Mino xenograft-bearing mice, the combination treatment of YM155 and rituximab induced significant tumor growth inhibition and tumor regression compared with either single agent. On day 3 after the initiation of treatment a significant decrease in both (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FLT tumor uptake from pretreatment levels was observed in combination treatment groups. The Ki-67 proliferation index was significantly decreased on day 3 in the xenograft models treated with combination treatment, suggesting that the combination of YM155 and rituximab reduced cell proliferation and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, compared with monotherapy, combination treatment prolonged survival times of severe combined immunodeficient mice with disseminated WSU-FSCCL and Jeko B-NHL tumors. Our findings demonstrate that YM155 and rituximab combination treatment enhances antitumor activity in B-NHL xenografts, and (18)F-FLT and (18)F-FDG PET imaging may allow the early functional evaluation of treatment responses in patients with B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
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Survivin expression in patients with newly diagnosed nodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Med Oncol 2012; 29:3515-21. [PMID: 22528517 PMCID: PMC3505514 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is one of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) that might play an important role in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The present study was designed to investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of survivin expression in nodal DLBCL. We analyzed lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from 56 patients with newly diagnosed nodal DLBCL, treated with immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP). The expression of survivin was analyzed using the standard immunohistochemical method on formalin-fixed and routinely processed paraffin-embedded lymph node specimens and evaluated semiquantitatively as a percentage of tumor cells. Survivin immunoexpression (>45 % positive tumor cells) was found in 22 (39.28 %) and observed as cytoplasmic staining in 15 patients, or mixed (cytoplasmic and nuclear) staining in 7 patients. A significant difference in survivin immunoexpression was noticed between the GCB and the non-GCB subtypes of DLBCL (p = 0.031). However, survivin immunoexpression had no significant association with IPI, “bulky” disease, extranodal localization, hemoglobin, Ki-67 immunoexpression or other clinicopathological parameters. A univariate analysis showed that survivin positivity was an unfavorable factor for therapy response and a predictor of shorter survival in patients with DLBCL (p = 0.048 and p = 0.034, respectively). Patients with survivin overexpression experienced a relapse more often than patients without expression of this apoptotic protein (27.3 vs. 11.8 %), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.131). The results of this study showed that disregulation of survivin expression had an important role in the determination of the course of the disease in patients with nodal DLBCL treated with R-CHOP. Therefore, survivin represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention in DLBCL.
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Bhattacharyya J, Mihara K, Ohtsubo M, Yasunaga S, Takei Y, Yanagihara K, Sakai A, Hoshi M, Takihara Y, Kimura A. Overexpression of BMI-1 correlates with drug resistance in B-cell lymphoma cells through the stabilization of survivin expression. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:34-41. [PMID: 21999765 PMCID: PMC11164169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of BMI-1 is correlated with disease progression in cancer patients. We showed that ectopic expression of BMI-1 in B-cell lymphoma cell lines, HT and RL, conferred resistance to etoposide and oxaliplatin, known to enhance sensitivity by targeting the survivin gene, but not to irinotecan, which is not relevant to the downregulation of survivin expression. The expression of survivin was not only augmented in cells transduced with BMI-1, but persisted in the presence of etoposide in cells overexpressing BMI-1. By contrast, the mock-transduced cells succumbed in the medium with anticancer drugs, with an accompanying decrease in BMI-1 and survivin expression. BMI-1 overexpression stabilized survivin post-translationally without an accompanying rise in the mRNA, suggesting survivin as a potential target for BMI-1. Knockdown of either BMI-1 or survivin restored sensitivity to etoposide in the BMI-1-overexpressing lymphoma cells. An analysis of six patients with B-cell lymphoma showed that in the drug-resistant patients, levels of BMI-1 and survivin were maintained even after drug administration. However, downregulation of both BMI-1 and survivin expression was observed in the drug-sensitive patients. Therefore, BMI-1 might facilitate drug resistance in B-cell lymphoma cells through the regulation of survivin. BMI-1 could be an important prognostic marker as well as a future therapeutic target in the treatment of drug-resistant lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/chemistry
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Irinotecan
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Organoplatinum Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survivin
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Bezombes C, Fournié JJ, Laurent G. Direct Effect of Rituximab in B-Cell–Derived Lymphoid Neoplasias: Mechanism, Regulation, and Perspectives. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1435-42. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is the backbone of treatment for the B-cell malignancies non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, there is a wide variability in response to rituximab treatment, and some patients are refractory to current standard therapies. Rituximab kills B cells by multiple mechanisms of action, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which are immune-mediated mechanisms, as well as by direct effects on cell signaling pathways and cell membranes following CD20 binding. A large number of events that are affected by rituximab binding have been identified, including lipid raft modifications, kinase and caspase activation, and effects on transcription factors and apoptotic/antiapoptotic molecules. Studies on cell lines and isolated tumor cells have shown that by targeting these pathways, it may be possible to increase or decrease susceptibility to rituximab cell killing. An increased understanding of the direct effects of rituximab may therefore aid in the design of new, rational combinations to improve the outcome of CD20-based therapy for patients who currently have suboptimal outcome following standard treatments. Mol Cancer Res; 9(11); 1435–42. ©2011 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bezombes
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1037-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL5294, Université Toulouse 3 BP3028; 2Service Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1037-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL5294, Université Toulouse 3 BP3028; 2Service Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Laurent
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1037-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL5294, Université Toulouse 3 BP3028; 2Service Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1037-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL5294, Université Toulouse 3 BP3028; 2Service Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Sun JG, Liao RX, Zhang SX, Duan YZ, Zhuo WL, Wang XX, Wang ZX, Li DZ, Chen ZT. Role of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Livin in Radiation Resistance in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:585-92. [PMID: 21883015 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Sun
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Xia Liao
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhong Duan
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lei Zhuo
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - De-Zhi Li
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Tang Chen
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Kita A, Nakahara T, Yamanaka K, Nakano K, Nakata M, Mori M, Kaneko N, Koutoku H, Izumisawa N, Sasamata M. Antitumor effects of YM155, a novel survivin suppressant, against human aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Res 2011; 35:787-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kelly RJ, Lopez-Chavez A, Citrin D, Janik JE, Morris JC. Impacting tumor cell-fate by targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:35. [PMID: 21470426 PMCID: PMC3083377 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin (BIRC5), a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family that inhibits caspases and blocks cell death is highly expressed in cancer and is associated with a poorer clinical outcome. Functioning simultaneously during cell division and apoptosis inhibition, survivin plays a pivotal role in determining cell survival. Survivin has consistently been identified by molecular profiling analysis to be associated with higher tumor grade, more advanced disease, abbreviated survival, accelerated rates of recurrence, and chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Survivin's differential expression in cancer compared to normal tissue and its role as a nodal protein in a number of cellular pathways make it a highly flexible therapeutic target, suitable for small-molecule inhibitiors, molecular antagonists, and vaccination-based therapies. By targeting survivin it is hoped that multiple tumor signaling circuitries may be simultaneously disabled. This effect may be applicable to many tumor histologies irrespective of specific genetic makeup. To date, survivin inhibitors have shown modest activity as single agents, but it is anticipated that when given in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy or monoclonal antibodies they may exhibit enhanced efficacy. This review discusses the complex circuitry of survivin in human cancers and highlights clinical trials involving novel agents that target this important protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Nakahara T, Kita A, Yamanaka K, Mori M, Amino N, Takeuchi M, Tominaga F, Kinoyama I, Matsuhisa A, Kudou M, Sasamata M. Broad spectrum and potent antitumor activities of YM155, a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant, in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines and xenograft models. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:614-21. [PMID: 21205082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitumor activities of YM155, a novel small-molecule survivin suppressant, were investigated in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines and xenograft models. YM155 inhibited the growth of 119 human cancer cell lines, with the greatest activity in lines derived from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hormone-refractory prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, sarcoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and melanoma. The mean log growth inhibition of 50% (GI(50) ) value was 15 nM. The mean GI(50) values of YM155 were 11 nM for p53 mut/null cell lines and 16 nM for p53 WT cell lines, suggesting that YM155 inhibits the growth of human tumor cell lines regardless of their p53 status. In non-small-cell lung cancer (Calu 6, NCI-H358), melanoma (A375), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and bladder cancer (UM-UC-3) xenograft models, 3- or 7-day continuous infusions of YM155 (1-10 mg/kg) demonstrated significant antitumor activity without showing significant bodyweight loss. Tumor regressions induced by YM155 were associated with reduced intratumoral survivin expression levels, increased apoptosis and decreased mitotic indices. The broad and potent antitumor activity presented in the present study is indicative of the therapeutic potential of YM155 in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Nakahara
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Tanioka M, Nokihara H, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y, Yamada K, Goto Y, Fujimoto T, Sekiguchi R, Uenaka K, Callies S, Tamura T. Phase I study of LY2181308, an antisense oligonucleotide against survivin, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:505-11. [PMID: 21079959 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE LY2181308 is an antisense oligonucleotide that complementarily binds to survivin mRNA and inhibits its expression in tumor tissue. This phase I dose escalation study evaluated the tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activity of LY2181308 in Japanese. METHODS Patients with solid tumors refractory to standard therapy received LY2181308 (400, 600, or 750 mg) as a 3-h intravenous infusion for 3 consecutive days and thereafter once a week. RESULTS LY2181308 was administered to 14 patients, aged 44-73 (median 60) years. Flu-like syndrome, prolonged prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR), thrombocytopenia, and fatigue were common reversible grade 1/2 toxicities. The dose-limiting toxicity was reversible grade 3 elevation of ALT/AST/γ-GTP in 1 patient treated at the 750-mg dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a long terminal half-life of 21 days and an extensive tissue distribution of LY2181308. In 12 evaluable patients, one patient had stable disease, while the remaining 11 patients had progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS LY2181308 monotherapy is well tolerated up to 750 mg with a manageable toxicity, the pharmacokinetic profile warrants further evaluation of LY2181308 in combination with cytotoxic agents or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanioka
- Division of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sapra P, Wang M, Bandaru R, Zhao H, Greenberger LM, Horak ID. Down-modulation of survivin expression and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo by EZN-3042, a locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:97-112. [PMID: 20391197 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003597733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Survivin plays an important role in preventing apoptosis and permitting mitosis, and is highly expressed in various human cancers. EZN-3042 is a locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide (LNA-AsODN) against survivin. We report the effects of EZN-3042 in animal models. In a chemical-induced liver regeneration model, treatment with a mouse homolog of EZN-3042 resulted in 80% down-modulation of survivin mRNA. In A549 and Calu-6 lung xenograft models, treatment with EZN-3042 single agent induced 60% down-modulation of survivin mRNA in tumors and 37-45% tumor growth inhibition (TGI). In Calu-6 model, when EZN-3042 was combined with paclitaxel, an 83% TGI was obtained. EZN-3042 is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial as a single agent and in combination with docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Sapra
- Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Mitrović Z, Ilić I, Aurer I, Kinda SB, Radman I, Dotlić S, Ajduković R, Labar B. Prognostic significance of survivin and caspase-3 immunohistochemical expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab and CHOP. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:243-7. [PMID: 20853074 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis whose expression may be associated with inferior outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated without rituximab. Caspase-3 is the final caspase of the apoptotic cascade and its pattern of expression may also be related to patients' outcome. In this study we investigated immunohistochemical expression of survivin and caspase-3 (CPP32) in 57 patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab and CHOP (R-CHOP). According to previously published criteria, we separately analyzed correlation of different types of survivin expression with patients' outcome. Nuclear survivin was expressed in only 26% of cases, cytoplasmic survivin was expressed in 81% of cases while application of immunoreactivity scoring system yielded 58% of survivin positive cases. Caspase-3 was expressed in 77% of cases. There were no significant correlations between any type of survivin expression and response to treatment or survival of the patients. The expression of caspase-3 was also not associated with patients' outcome. We conclude that survivin and caspase-3 have no significant prognostic significance in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Mitrović
- Division of Hematology and Department of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wu H, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Gu C, Ye Z, Lin H. Expression of BIRC7 protein and mRNA in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 47:1110-6. [PMID: 16840203 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500472271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that BIRC7, a new member of inhibitor of the apoptosis protein family, is expressed in fetal tissues and most solid tumors in humans. However, there are no reported data concerning BIRC7 expression in lymphomas. We investigated the expression of BIRC7, survivin, Bcl-2, Bax, p53 and p170 proteins in 167 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 10 cases of non-specific lymphadenitis by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry. BIRC7 mRNA in three cell lines and 16 cases of NHL were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. BIRC7 protein was exhibited in the cytoplasm of cells in 25 (31%) of 80 cases of B-NHLs, 32 (37%) of 87 cases of T-NHLs, and none in non-specific lymphadenitis. The positive rate of BIRC7 was lower than that of survivin in almost all types of NHL with no significant differences, and similar to that of Bcl-2, Bax or p53. There was no correlation of protein expression between BIRC7 and any other detected markers, except p170 in T-NHL (P < 0.001). BIRC7 expression did not correlate with clinic pathologic factors such as sex, age, stage and grade, but overexpression of BIRC7 was positively correlated with aggression of NHL cells (P < 0.05). BIRC7 mRNA expressed in six (38%) of 16 cases of NHLs. BIRC7 mRNA expression was approximately consistent with BIRC7 protein in NHL. Our results indicate that the BIRC7 gene might play a role in the development and aggression of NHL and that the inhibition of BIRC7 expression may be important in NHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and Preclinical Medical School of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Shen Y, Lv B, Ding Y. Role of survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical applications. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1273-1278. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i13.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a new family member of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which has the function of inhibiting apoptosis, inducing proliferation, and regulating caryocinesis and angiogenesis. It expresses highly and specifically in malignant tumors, and closely relates to development, metastasis, prognosis and recurrence of tumors. The gene therapy targeting survivin has been showing its clinical potential increasingly. This review summarizes the role of survivin in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as its clinical applications.
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Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a key mechanism to control tissue homeostasis, for example, in the hematopoietic system. Thus, resistance to apoptosis can contribute to the development of leukemia or lymphoma. Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins block cell death pathways at a central node by interfering with the activation of effector caspases. As increased expression levels of IAPs are found in hematological malignancies and have been correlated with poor prognosis, IAPs could be exploited as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers. Various strategies have been developed to target IAPs for therapeutic purposes in leukemia and lymphoma cells, including small-molecule inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides. These agents could directly induce apoptosis in malignant cells or sensitize these cells to other cytotoxic agents. Thus, IAPs present promising targets for the development of new biomarkers and cancer therapeutics in hematological malignancies.
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LaCasse EC, Mahoney DJ, Cheung HH, Plenchette S, Baird S, Korneluk RG. IAP-targeted therapies for cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27:6252-75. [PMID: 18931692 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, oncogene activation, viral infection, substrate detachment and hypoxia can all trigger apoptosis in normal cells. However, cancer cells acquire mutations that allow them to survive these threats that are part and parcel of the transformation process or that may affect the growth and dissemination of the tumor. Eventually, cancer cells accumulate further mutations that make them resistant to apoptosis mediated by standard cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members, defined by the presence of a baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) protein domain, are key regulators of cytokinesis, apoptosis and signal transduction. Specific IAPs regulate either cell division, caspase activity or survival pathways mediated through binding to their BIR domains, and/or through their ubiquitin-ligase RING domain activity. These protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications are the subject of intense investigations that shed light on how these proteins contribute to oncogenesis and resistance to therapy. In the past several years, we have seen multiple approaches of IAP antagonism enter the clinic, and the rewards of such strategies are about to reap benefit. Significantly, small molecule pan-IAP antagonists that mimic an endogenous inhibitor of the IAPs, called Smac, have demonstrated an unexpected ability to sensitize cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and to promote autocrine or paracrine production of this cytokine by the tumor cell and possibly, other cells too. This review will focus on these and other developmental therapeutics that target the IAPs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Ding YP, Zou SY, Zhao HH. Survivin expression in gastric carcinoma and its targeted therapy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:3528-3532. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i31.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a protein highly expressed in a vast number of malignancies while minimally expressed in normal tissues. It plays an important role in inhibiting normal cell death and facilitating cancer cell growth. Studies in recent years indicated that Survivin expression is associated with the biological behviours of gastric carcinoma. Due to this specific expression, Survivin has been considered as an "ideal target]for cancer therapy. Currently, several pre-clinical and clinical trials are ongoing to investigate the effects of interfering with Survivin function on cancer cells. This paper reviews the progress in Survivin expression in gastric carcinoma and its targeted therapy.
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Shirai K, Suzuki Y, Oka K, Noda SE, Katoh H, Suzuki Y, Itoh J, Itoh H, Ishiuchi S, Sakurai H, Hasegawa M, Nakano T. Nuclear survivin expression predicts poorer prognosis in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2008; 91:353-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hansen JB, Fisker N, Westergaard M, Kjaerulff LS, Hansen HF, Thrue CA, Rosenbohm C, Wissenbach M, Orum H, Koch T. SPC3042: a proapoptotic survivin inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2736-45. [PMID: 18790754 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to regulate the cellular homeostasis of a higher organism through tight control of apoptosis and cell division is crucial for life. Dysregulation of these mechanisms is often associated with cancerous phenotypes in cells. Optimal cancer therapy is a fine balance between effective cancer cell killing and at the same time minimizing, or avoiding, damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. To obtain this, it is necessary to identify and inhibit molecular targets on which the cancer cells are strongly dependent. Survivin represents such a target, and it has been published previously that peptide vaccines, the small-molecule YM155, and the antisense molecule LY2181308/ISIS23722, via different mechanisms, have been used as survivin inhibitors. In this article, a new potent antisense inhibitor of survivin, SPC3042, is presented, and the properties of SPC3042 are compared with the previously published antisense drug, LY2181308/ISIS23722. SPC3042 is a 16-mer locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotide and designed as a fully phosphorothiolated gapmer containing 7 LNA nucleotides in the flanks. The LNA nucleotides in SPC3042 provide nuclease stability and higher potency for survivin mRNA inhibition compared with earlier generations of antisense reagents. It is shown that the down-regulation of survivin with SPC3042 leads to cell cycle arrest, pronounced cellular apoptosis, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. It is also shown that SPC3042 is a sensitizer of prostate cancer cells to Taxol treatment in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bo Hansen
- Research Division, Santaris Pharma A/S, Boege alle 3, Hoersholm 2970 Denmark.
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The Role of Complement in the Mechanism of Action of Rituximab for B‐Cell Lymphoma: Implications for Therapy. Oncologist 2008; 13:954-66. [DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Langemeijer SMC, de Graaf AO, Jansen JH. IAPs as therapeutic targets in haematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:981-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.8.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Leonard JP, Martin P, Barrientos J, Elstrom R. Targeted Treatment and New Agents in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Semin Hematol 2008; 45:S11-6. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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