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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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Ogbue O, Unlu S, Ibodeng GO, Singh A, Durmaz A, Visconte V, Molina JC. Single-Cell Next-Generation Sequencing to Monitor Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092477. [PMID: 37173944 PMCID: PMC10177286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are genetically complex and diverse diseases. Such complexity makes challenging the monitoring of response to treatment. Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment is a powerful tool for monitoring response and guiding therapeutic interventions. This is accomplished through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), as well as polymerase chain reaction and multiparameter flow cytometry, to detect genomic aberrations at a previously challenging leukemic cell concentration. A major shortcoming of NGS techniques is the inability to discriminate nonleukemic clonal hematopoiesis. In addition, risk assessment and prognostication become more complicated after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) due to genotypic drift. To address this, newer sequencing techniques have been developed, leading to more prospective and randomized clinical trials aiming to demonstrate the prognostic utility of single-cell next-generation sequencing in predicting patient outcomes following HSCT. This review discusses the use of single-cell DNA genomics in MRD assessment for AML/MDS, with an emphasis on the HSCT time period, including the challenges with current technologies. We also touch on the potential benefits of single-cell RNA sequencing and analysis of accessible chromatin, which generate high-dimensional data at the cellular resolution for investigational purposes, but not currently used in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olisaemeka Ogbue
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44111, USA
| | - Serhan Unlu
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44111, USA
| | - Gogo-Ogute Ibodeng
- Internal Medicine, Infirmary Health's Thomas Hospital, Fairhope, AL 36607, USA
| | - Abhay Singh
- Department of Hematology Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John C Molina
- Department of Hematology Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Winkler R, Mägdefrau AS, Piskor EM, Kleemann M, Beyer M, Linke K, Hansen L, Schaffer AM, Hoffmann ME, Poepsel S, Heyd F, Beli P, Möröy T, Mahboobi S, Krämer OH, Kosan C. Targeting the MYC interaction network in B-cell lymphoma via histone deacetylase 6 inhibition. Oncogene 2022; 41:4560-4572. [PMID: 36068335 PMCID: PMC9525236 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of MYC is a genuine cancer driver in lymphomas and related to poor prognosis. However, therapeutic targeting of the transcription factor MYC remains challenging. Here, we show that inhibition of the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) using the HDAC6 inhibitor Marbostat-100 (M-100) reduces oncogenic MYC levels and prevents lymphomagenesis in a mouse model of MYC-induced aggressive B-cell lymphoma. M-100 specifically alters protein-protein interactions by switching the acetylation state of HDAC6 substrates, such as tubulin. Tubulin facilitates nuclear import of MYC, and MYC-dependent B-cell lymphoma cells rely on continuous import of MYC due to its high turn-over. Acetylation of tubulin impairs this mechanism and enables proteasomal degradation of MYC. M-100 targets almost exclusively B-cell lymphoma cells with high levels of MYC whereas non-tumor cells are not affected. M-100 induces massive apoptosis in human and murine MYC-overexpressing B-cell lymphoma cells. We identified the heat-shock protein DNAJA3 as an interactor of tubulin in an acetylation-dependent manner and overexpression of DNAJA3 resulted in a pronounced degradation of MYC. We propose a mechanism by which DNAJA3 associates with hyperacetylated tubulin in the cytoplasm to control MYC turnover. Taken together, our data demonstrate a beneficial role of HDAC6 inhibition in MYC-dependent B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Ann-Sophie Mägdefrau
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Piskor
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Markus Kleemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Kevin Linke
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Lisa Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Simon Poepsel
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Siavosh Mahboobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany.
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Selective Cytotoxicity of Single and Dual Anti-CD19 and Anti-CD138 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer Cells against Hematologic Malignancies. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5562630. [PMID: 34337077 PMCID: PMC8289607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5562630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the first line of defense that rapidly respond to malignant transformed cells. Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) engineered NK cells, although are still at the preliminary stage, have been shown to be alternative to CAR-T cells, mainly due to the absence of graft-versus-host disease and safer clinical profile. Allogeneic human NK cell line NK-92 cells, equipped by CAR, are being developed for clinical applications. Herein, we designed third-generation CARs, optimized the production protocol, and generated CAR-NK-92 cells, targeting CD19 and/or CD138 antigens that employ CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ signaling, with >80% CAR expression, designated as CD19-NK-92, CD138-NK-92, and dual-NK-92 cells. The generated CAR-NK-92 cells displayed high and selective cytotoxicity toward various corresponding leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro. Multitargeting approach using a mixture of CD19-NK-92 and CD138-NK-92 cells was also evaluated at various ratios to test the idea of personalized formulation to match the patients' antigen expression profile. Our data indicate that increasing the ratio of CD19-NK-92 to CD138-NK-92 could improve NK cytotoxicity in leukemia cells with a relatively higher expression of CD19 over CD138, supporting the personalized proof of concept. This information represents the basis for further in vivo studies and future progress to clinical trials.
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Ahmadbeigi N, Alatab S, Vasei M, Ranjbar A, Aghayan S, Khorsand A, Moradzadeh K, Darvishyan Z, Jamali M, Muhammadnejad S. Characterization of a xenograft model for anti-CD19 CAR T cell studies. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2181-2190. [PMID: 33942221 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell development for B cell malignancies treatment has triggered a paradigm shift in oncology. The development of anti-CD19 CAR T cells relies primarily on a panel of cell line-derived xenograft models, including Raji cells; however, the behavior of this model is under debate. We attempted to characterize this lymphoma model and propose outcome measures for CAR T cell studies METHODS: Raji cell line was inoculated into NOG mice via intra-venous (IV), intra-peritoneal (IP), and subcutaneous (SC) routes with different inoculum sizes, and consequent clinical and histopathological outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Inoculum sizes of 105-106 resulted in a complete take rate. The mice with IV and SC-inoculated Raji cells presented the shortest and longest survival among lymphoma-bearing mice, respectively (P < 0.01). The IP group had the highest number of both infiltrated organs (P < 0.05; compared to SC) and involvement of lymphatic sites (P < 0.05; compared to IV). The number of lymphoma lesions on the liver was higher in the IV compared to IP (P < 0.001) and SC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the Raji cell line inoculation route could determine the xenograft model system behavior in terms of survival, tumor burden, and dissemination pattern and gives the model the specific features suitable for testing the specific hypothesis in CAR T cell therapy. We also conclude outcome measures for CAR T cell studies that do not require imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Alatab
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Vasei
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ranjbar
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Aghayan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Khorsand
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Moradzadeh
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Jamali
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ryu CH, Kim SH, Hur DY. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor induces apoptosis on Epstein-Barr virus positive B lymphoma cells. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:471-480. [PMID: 33361545 PMCID: PMC7769111 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) isoform enzymes was recently reported in various cancers including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL). However, the functions of Nox isoform enzymes in BL remain poorly understood. In this study, Nox isoform expression and the effects of a Nox-specific inhibitor were evaluated in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Raji BL cells in comparison with EBV-negative Ramos BL cells. To evaluate Nox enzyme expression in Raji and Ramos BL cells, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis were performed. To verify the intracellular signaling mechanism of the Nox inhibitor-induced apoptosis of Raji cells, WST-1 assay, trypan blue exclusion method, flow cytometry, PCR, western blotting, and bromodeoxyuridine staining were conducted. Experiments using the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD, reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and Bim inhibitor 1 were performed. PCR and western blot results showed that Nox isoform enzymes were highly expressed in EBV-positive BL Raji cells compared with EBV-negative BL Ramos cells. The Nox2 inhibitor induced apoptosis of Raji cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. The Nox2 inhibitor also caused up-regulation of Bim and Noxa, down-regulation of Mcl-1, translocation of Bax, release of cytochrome c, and caspase cascade activation, resulting in apoptosis. Furthermore, z-VAD, NAC, and BI-1 effectively blocked the Nox2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis of Raji cells. Taken together, these results provide a novel insight into the mechanism of Nox inhibitor-induced apoptosis and evidence for Nox as a therapeutic target to treat EBV-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Heon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Radwan MAA, Alminderej FM, Premanathan M, Alwashmi ASS, Alhumaydhi FA, Alturaiki W, Alsagaby SA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Isoindoline-1,3-dione Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Ustiugova AS, Afanasyeva MA. Noncoding Polymorphism rs6832151 Is an Attractive Candidate for Genome Editing Aimed at Finding New Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Tseng HC, Xiong W, Badeti S, Yang Y, Ma M, Liu T, Ramos CA, Dotti G, Fritzky L, Jiang JG, Yi Q, Guarrera J, Zong WX, Liu C, Liu D. Efficacy of anti-CD147 chimeric antigen receptors targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4810. [PMID: 32968061 PMCID: PMC7511348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for treating multiple refractory blood cancers, but further advances are required for solid tumor CAR therapy. One challenge is identifying a safe and effective tumor antigen. Here, we devise a strategy for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, one of the deadliest malignancies). We report that T and NK cells transduced with a CAR that recognizes the surface marker, CD147, also known as Basigin, can effectively kill various malignant HCC cell lines in vitro, and HCC tumors in xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. To minimize any on-target/off-tumor toxicity, we use logic-gated (log) GPC3–synNotch-inducible CD147-CAR to target HCC. LogCD147-CAR selectively kills dual antigen (GPC3+CD147+), but not single antigen (GPC3-CD147+) positive HCC cells and does not cause severe on-target/off-tumor toxicity in a human CD147 transgenic mouse model. In conclusion, these findings support the therapeutic potential of CD147-CAR-modified immune cells for HCC patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based therapy for the treatment of liver cancer represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Here the authors show that CD147-targeting CAR-NK or CAR-T can induce anti-tumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, SM8026, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saiaditya Badeti
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Minh Ma
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Carlos A Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Luke Fritzky
- Imaging core facility, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jie-Gen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, SM8026, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James Guarrera
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- School of Pharmacy, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, 164 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.
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Azadi M, Alemi F, Sadeghi S, Mohammadi M, Rahimi NA, Mirzaie S, Vahabi F, Parvaz S, Arjmand M, Zamani Z. An Integrative In Silico Mathematical Modelling Study of The Anti-Cancer Effect of Clove Extract ( Syzygium aromaticum ) Combined with In Vitro Metabolomics Study Using 1HNMR Spectroscopy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2336. [PMID: 33850939 PMCID: PMC8035415 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.141102.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clove oil is known for its medicinal properties. The mechanism of anti-cancer properties of Syzygium aromaticum were investigated by mathematical modelling on the genome scale with metabolomics using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy on Raji cells. OBJECTIVES An integrative analysis correlated the metabolites identified by 1HNMR and genes with the detected pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raji cells treated with clove oil were collected and sent for 1HNMR spectroscopy and the spectra analyzed by MATLAB and Human Metabolome Database for metabolite identification. Pathway and topology analysis was implemented using the genes and metabolites in the integrative analysis of Metaboanalyst software. RESULTS 50% inhibitory concentration of clove oil was 50 µg/ml and the model anticipated 74 genes with differentiating metabolites being some amino acids, cholesterol and fucose. CONCLUSION The integrative study predicted that the anti cancer mechanism of clove oil involves novel enzymes, as likely drug targets, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis, dehydrofolate reductase in one carbon metabolism and serine palmitoyl-transferase long chain in sphingolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Azadi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alemi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sadeghi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sako Mirzaie
- Biology Department, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farideh Vahabi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Parvaz
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Li S, Shen H, Shu Q. S3Ab, a novel antibody targeting B lymphocytes, is a potential therapeutic agent for B-lineage malignancies. J Drug Target 2019; 27:1053-1060. [PMID: 30856012 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1584809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CD79α protein together with the related CD79β protein forms the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). It remains present when B cells transform into active plasma cells, and is also present in virtually all B cell neoplasms. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) S3 (S3Ab) is a novel anti-CD79α antibody generated by using Raji cells as an immunogen. Herein, we conducted a study on S3Ab using various cellular and immunocytological techniques. The results showed that S3Ab could recognise CD79α in living cells. The molecular weights of the heavy and the light chains of S3Ab were 55 and 26 kDa, respectively. S3 antigen is only expressed on more mature B cells and negative on blast B cells. It could partially block the binding of anti-CD79α (Hm47, recognising the cytoplasmic domain of CD79α) to target cells. Immunoprecipitation experiment showed that S3 antigen is about 33 kDa and S3 can specifically bind to the recombinant extracellular segment of CD79α. The internalisation rate of S3Ab to the target cells was as high as 74.0% after incubation at for 3 h. In conclusion, S3Ab is probably a new target molecule for B cells and can be an excellent antibody in targeting treatment of haematopoietic malignancies, warranting further development of this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Shen
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , P.R. China
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Macaca arctoides gammaherpesvirus 1 (strain herpesvirus Macaca arctoides): virus sequence, phylogeny and characterisation of virus-transformed macaque and rabbit cell lines. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:109-129. [PMID: 30291474 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Herpesvirus Macaca arctoides (HVMA) has the propensity to transform macaque lymphocytes to lymphoblastoid cells (MAL-1). Inoculation of rabbits with cell-free virus-containing supernatant resulted in the development of malignant lymphomas and allowed isolation of immortalised HVMA-transformed rabbit lymphocytes (HTRL). In this study, the HVMA genome sequence (approx. 167 kbp), its organisation, and novel aspects of virus latency are presented. Ninety-one open reading frames were identified, of which 86 were non-repetitive. HVMA was identified as a Lymphocryptovirus closely related to Epstein-Barr virus, suggesting the designation as 'Macaca arctoides gammaherpesvirus 1' (MarcGHV-1). In situ lysis gel and Southern blot hybridisation experiments revealed that the MAL-1 cell line contains episomal and linear DNA, whereas episomal DNA is predominantly present in HTRL. Integration of viral DNA into macaque and rabbit host cell genomes was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation on chromosomal preparations. Analysis of next-generation sequencing data confirmed this finding. Approximately 400 read pairs represent the overlap between macaque and MarcGHV-1 DNA. Both, MAL-1 cells and HTRL show characteristics of a polyclonal tumour with B- and T-lymphocyte markers. Based on analysis of viral gene expression and immunohistochemistry, the persistence of MarcGHV-1 in MAL-1 cells resemble the latency type III, whereas the expression pattern observed in HTRL was more comparable with latency type II. There was no evidence of the presence of STLV-1 proviral DNA in MAL-1 and HTRL. Due to the similarity to EBV-mediated cell transformation, MarcGHV-1 expands the available in vitro models by simian and rabbit cell lines.
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Demin DE, Bogolyubova AV, Zlenko DV, Uvarova AN, Deikin AV, Putlyaeva LV, Belousov PV, Mitkin NA, Korneev KV, Sviryaeva EN, Kulakovskiy IV, Tatosyan KA, Kuprash DV, Schwartz AM. The Novel Short Isoform of Securin Stimulates the Expression of Cyclin D3 and Angiogenesis Factors VEGFA and FGF2, but Does Not Affect the Expression of MYC Transcription Factor. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Alvarez Argote J, Dasanu CA. ASXL1 mutations in myeloid neoplasms: pathogenetic considerations, impact on clinical outcomes and survival. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:757-763. [PMID: 28027687 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1276896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASXL1 gene mutations include nonsense, missense, and frameshift mutations. Although their clinical significance is still debated, they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of several hematologic malignancies. METHODS Herein, we offer a comprehensive review on ASXL1 mutations, and link them with survival and clinical outcomes in patients with various myeloid neoplasms. Most relevant publications were identified through searching the PubMed/Medline database for articles published from inception to February 2016. FINDINGS In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ASXL1 mutations tend to correlate with older age and male gender, and affect predominantly patients with secondary AML. De novo AML patients with ASXL1 mutations had significantly lower complete remission rates after standard high-dose chemotherapy and shorter survival. In chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and low- or intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, frameshift and nonsense mutations correlated with shorter survival and a higher risk of leukemic transformation. Overall survival was also shorter in primary myelofibrosis in the presence of ASXL1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Further research on the role of ASXL1 mutations and therapeutic implications in neoplastic myeloid disorders is stringently needed. Given the relatively high prevalence of ASXL1 mutations, larger studies involving patients affected by these mutations will be feasible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- b Lucy Curci Cancer Center, Eisenhower Medical Center, Hematology Oncology , Rancho Mirage , CA , USA
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15
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Galgano D, Onnis A, Pappalardo E, Galvagni F, Acuto O, Baldari CT. The T cell IFT20 interactome reveals new players in immune synapse assembly. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1110-1121. [PMID: 28154159 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained signalling at the immune synapse (IS) requires the synaptic delivery of recycling endosome-associated T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). IFT20, a component of the intraflagellar transport system, controls TCR recycling to the IS as a complex with IFT57 and IFT88. Here, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to identify additional interaction partners of IFT20 in Jurkat T cells. In addition to IFT57 and IFT88, the analysis revealed new binding partners, including IFT54 (also known as TRAF3IP1), GMAP-210 (also known as TRIP11), Arp2/3 complex subunit-3 (ARPC3), COP9 signalosome subunit-1 (CSN1, also known as GPS1) and ERGIC-53 (also known as LMAN1). A direct interaction between IFT20 and both IFT54 and GMAP-210 was confirmed in pulldown assays. Confocal imaging of antigen-specific conjugates using T cells depleted of these proteins by RNA interference showed that TCR accumulation and phosphotyrosine signalling at the IS were impaired in the absence of IFT54, ARPC3 or ERGIC-53. Similar to in IFT20-deficient T cells, this defect resulted from a reduced ability of endosomal TCRs to polarize to the IS despite a correct translocation of the centrosome towards the antigen-presenting cell contact. Our data underscore the traffic-related role of an IFT20 complex that includes components of the intracellular trafficking machinery in IS assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Galgano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Elisa Pappalardo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
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16
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Schwartz AM, Putlyaeva LV, Covich M, Klepikova AV, Akulich KA, Vorontsov IE, Korneev KV, Dmitriev SE, Polanovsky OL, Sidorenko SP, Kulakovskiy IV, Kuprash DV. Early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) is critical for transcriptional control of SLAMF1 gene in human B cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1859:1259-68. [PMID: 27424222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1)/CD150 is a co-stimulatory receptor expressed on a variety of hematopoietic cells, in particular on mature lymphocytes activated by specific antigen, costimulation and cytokines. Changes in CD150 expression level have been reported in association with autoimmunity and with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We characterized the core promoter for SLAMF1 gene in human B-cell lines and explored binding sites for a number of transcription factors involved in B cell differentiation and activation. Mutations of SP1, STAT6, IRF4, NF-kB, ELF1, TCF3, and SPI1/PU.1 sites resulted in significantly decreased promoter activity of varying magnitude, depending on the cell line tested. The most profound effect on the promoter strength was observed upon mutation of the binding site for Early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1). This mutation produced a 10-20 fold drop in promoter activity and pinpointed EBF1 as the master regulator of human SLAMF1 gene in B cells. We also identified three potent transcriptional enhancers in human SLAMF1 locus, each containing functional EBF1 binding sites. Thus, EBF1 interacts with specific binding sites located both in the promoter and in the enhancer regions of the SLAMF1 gene and is critical for its expression in human B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia V Putlyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milica Covich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Klepikova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Akulich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya E Vorontsov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Korneev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg L Polanovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana P Sidorenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan V Kulakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Alkebsi L, Handa H, Yokohama A, Saitoh T, Tsukamoto N, Murakami H. Chromosome 16q genes CDH1, CDH13 and ADAMTS18 are correlated and frequently methylated in human lymphoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3523-3530. [PMID: 27900031 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The products of the E-cadherin (CDH1), H-cadherin (CDH13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 18 (ADAMTS18) genes are proteins displaying structural features and functions on the cell surface membrane, and have been reported to be involved in cancer progression. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis, the promoter methylation status and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of CDH1, CDH13 and ADAMTS18, which are putative tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 16q, were evaluated. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3A and 3B were examined, and the correlations among the different parameters analyzed were studied in 36 lymphomas and 16 non-malignant lymphoid tissue samples. A significant positive correlation was identified between the expression levels of CDH1 and CDH13 (r=0.735, P<0.01). ADAMTS18 expression also exhibited a significant positive correlation with both CDH1 and CDH13 mRNA expression levels (r=0.625, P<0.01; and r=0.720, P<0.01, respectively). Our results indicated that CDH1, CDH13 and ADAMTS18, which are localized on chromosome 16q, are remarkably correlated and frequently methylated in human lymphomas, and their methylation could not be explained solely by the mRNA expression level of DNMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Alkebsi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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18
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Wang X, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang H. MicroRNA-520a attenuates proliferation of Raji cells through inhibition of AKT1/NF-κB and PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1702-8. [PMID: 27461820 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a fast growing cancer of the human lymphatic system, and an extremely invasive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We explored the mechanism of apoptosis in Raji cells associated with the post-transcriptional regulation factors. To confirm that the predicted microRNA-520a (miR-520a) is matched with AKT1, 3' untranslated region (UTR) luciferase activity of AKT1 was used in the assessment. In the presence of the mimics or inhibitors of miR-520a, cell function of Raji, such as proliferation, growth and apoptosis were analyzed. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‑related proteins were examined. Luciferase reporter analysis showed that miR‑520a leads to decreased activity of luciferase gene fused with AKT1 3'UTR. Therefore, AKT1 is a direct target of miR‑520a. Our data indicated that the mimics of miR‑520a inhibited growth, proliferation of Raji cells and promoted its apoptosis, which was related to downregulation of AKT1, NF‑κB and ER stress response mediated by PERK/eIF2α pathway. On the contrary, the inhibitors of miR‑520a promoted growth, proliferation of Raji cells and inhibited its apoptosis, which was related to AKT1/NF‑κB and PERK/eIF2α pathway. We identified miR‑520a, which specifically binds to AKT1 mRNA 3'UTR. miR‑520a is a crucial mediator for proliferation and ER stress in Raji cells through regulating the AKT1/NF‑κB or PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that targeting miR‑520a is a promising therapeutic strategy in BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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19
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Hartwell BL, Martinez-Becerra FJ, Chen J, Shinogle H, Sarnowski M, Moore DS, Berkland C. Antigen-Specific Binding of Multivalent Soluble Antigen Arrays Induces Receptor Clustering and Impedes B Cell Receptor Mediated Signaling. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:710-22. [PMID: 26771518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A pressing need exists for autoimmune disease therapies that act in an antigen-specific manner while avoiding global immunosuppression. Multivalent soluble antigen arrays (SAgAPLP:LABL), designed to induce tolerance to a specific multiple sclerosis autoantigen, consist of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer backbone cografted with multiple copies of autoantigen peptide (PLP) and cell adhesion inhibitor peptide (LABL). Previous in vivo studies revealed copresentation of both signals on HA was necessary for therapeutic efficacy. To elucidate therapeutic cellular mechanisms, in vitro studies were performed in a model B cell system to evaluate binding and specificity. Compared to HA and HA arrays containing only grafted PLP or LABL, SAgAPLP:LABL displaying both PLP and LABL exhibited greatly enhanced B cell binding. Furthermore, the binding avidity of SAgAPLP:LABL was primarily driven by the PLP antigen, determined via flow cytometry competitive dissociation studies. Fluorescence microscopy showed SAgAPLP:LABL induced mature receptor clustering that was faster than other HA arrays with only one type of grafted peptide. SAgAPLP:LABL molecules also reduced and inhibited IgM-stimulated signaling as discerned by a calcium flux assay. The molecular mechanisms of enhanced antigen-specific binding, mature receptor clustering, and dampened signaling observed in B cells may contribute to SAgAPLP:LABL therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Hartwell
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Francisco J Martinez-Becerra
- Immunology Core Laboratory of the Kansas Vaccine Institute, University of Kansas 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Heather Shinogle
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michelle Sarnowski
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - David S Moore
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cory Berkland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , 1520 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas 1530 West 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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20
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A rapid and sensitive method to measure the functional activity of Shiga toxins in human serum. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4564-76. [PMID: 26556372 PMCID: PMC4663520 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stx) have a definite role in the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children with hemorrhagic colitis caused by pathogenic Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. The dramatic effects of these toxins on the microvasculature of different organs, particularly of the kidney, are well known, whereas there is no consensus on the mechanism by which Stx reach the endothelia of target organs and/or indirectly injure these body sites. We hereby describe a quick (4 h), radioactive, Raji cell-based method designed for the detection of Stx in human sera. The assay monitors the translation impairment induced by these powerful inhibitors of protein synthesis, which are identified properly by neutralizing their activity with specific monoclonal antibodies. By this method, we detected for the first time the functional activity of Stx in sera of STEC-infected patients during hemorrhagic colitis. Recent research has pointed to a dynamic process of Stx-induced renal intoxication in which concurrent and interactive steps are involved. Our rapid and specific method could be useful for studying the kinetics of Stx during the natural course of STEC infection and the interplay between Stx activity in serum and Stx presence in different blood fractions (neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, leukocyte-platelet aggregates, microvesicles, lipoproteins).
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21
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Kim JH, Lee JK. Sesamolin enhances NK cell lysis activity by increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands on Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:977-84. [PMID: 26298637 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sesamolin and sesamin are representative lignans found in sesame seed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the anti-cancer activity of sesamolin achieved by increasing the expression level of NKG2D ligands on Raji cells, which are derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. The anti-cancer activity of sesamolin was also compared with that of sesamin. The cytolysis activity of NK cells against Raji was elevated by the pretreatment of sesamolin on Raji, but not by sesamin. We found that higher NKG2D ligand expression increased the sensitivity of sesamolin-treated Raji to NK cell lysis, resulting from a more active ERK signaling pathway. Our results provide evidence that targeting the ERK signaling pathway may enhance the antitumor activity of lignans and that there is a potential immunotherapeutic value for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwa Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Organocatalytic removal of formaldehyde adducts from RNA and DNA bases. Nat Chem 2015; 7:752-8. [PMID: 26291948 PMCID: PMC4545578 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is universally employed to fix tissue specimens, where it forms hemiaminal and aminal adducts with biomolecules, hindering the ability to retrieve molecular information. Common methods for removing these adducts involve extended heating, which can cause extensive degradation of nucleic acids, particularly RNA. Here we show that water-soluble bifunctional catalysts (anthranilates and phosphanilates) speed the reversal of formaldehyde adducts of mononucleotides over standard buffers. Studies with formaldehyde-treated RNA oligonucleotides show that the catalysts enhance adduct removal, restoring unmodified RNA at 37 °C even when extensively modified, and avoiding high temperatures that promote RNA degradation. Experiments with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell samples show that the catalysis is compatible with common RNA extraction protocols, with detectable RNA yields increased by 1.5–2.4 fold using a catalyst under optimized conditions, and by 7–25 fold compared to a commercial kit. Such catalytic strategies show promise for general use in reversing formaldehyde adducts in clinical specimens.
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23
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Naringenin enhances NK cell lysis activity by increasing the expression of NKG2D ligands on Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2042-8. [PMID: 26100136 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are capable of identifying and killing tumor cells as well as virus infected cells without pre-sensitization. NK cells express activating and inhibitory receptors, and can distinguish between normal and tumor cells. The present study was designed to demonstrate the importance of the expression level of NKG2D ligands on the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, Raji, in enhancing NK cell cytolytic activity. Various flavonoids were used as stimulants to enhance the expression of NKG2D ligands. NK cell lysis activity against Raji was not changed by pre-treatment of Raji with luteolin, kaempferol, taxifolin and hesperetin. However, treatment of Raji with naringenin showed increased sensitivity to NK cell lysis than untreated control cells. The activity of naringenin was due to enhanced NKG2D ligand expression. These results provide evidence that narigenin's antitumor activity may be due to targeting of NKG2D ligand expression and suggests a possible immunotherapeutic role for cancer treatment.
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24
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Parvizzadeh N, Sadeghi S, Irani S, Iravani A, Kalayee Z, Rahimi NA, Azadi M, Zamani Z. A Metabonomic Study of the Effect of Methanol Extract of Ginger on Raji Cells Using (1)HNMR Spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:572534. [PMID: 25610655 PMCID: PMC4291193 DOI: 10.1155/2014/572534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently a major international health problem. The development of resistance to chemotherapy has resulted in the search for herbal drugs. Ginger is a medicinal plant with several clinical applications. Metabolomics is a simultaneous detection of all the metabolites by use of (1)HNMR or mass spectroscopy and interpretation by modeling software. The purpose of this study was to detect the altered metabolites of Raji cells in the presence of ginger extract in vitro. Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of methanolic ginger extract in RPMI medium. IC50 determined by MTT and lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts were prepared from control and treated groups which were analyzed by (1)HNMR. The IC50 was 1000 μg/mL. Modeling of spectra was carried out on the two groups using OSC-PLS with MATLAB software and the main metabolites detected. Further analysis was carried out using MetaboAnalyst database. The main metabolic pathways affected by the ginger extract were detected. Ginger extract was seen to effect the protein biosynthesis, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism and had a strong cytotoxic effect on Raji cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Parvizzadeh
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - S. Sadeghi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - S. Irani
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - A. Iravani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Z. Kalayee
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - N. A. Rahimi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - M. Azadi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Z. Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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25
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Wang M, Yang W, Li M, Li Y. Low expression of miR-150 in pediatric intestinal Burkitt lymphoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:261-6. [PMID: 24613688 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma with rapid proliferation. It has become evident that miRNAs are involved in hematopoietic malignancies. This study was undertaken to investigate the miRNA expression patterns of pediatric intestinal BL tissues. METHODS We collected 28 BL and 8 reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) samples. miRNA expression profiling was performed in BL and RLH tissues to identify BL-related miRNAs, which were further analyzed by qRT-PCR and miRNA-ISH. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were used to define the protein targets of the BL-related miRNAs. Furthermore, we evaluated cell growth status by using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Raji cell line, which was transected with the BL-related miRNA mimics or inhibitors. RESULTS miRNA expression profiling showed that miR-150 had extremely decreased expression levels in BL patients. In both ISH and qRT-PCR analyses, BL had reduced levels of miR-150 expression compared with RLH. However, there is no significant correlation of miR-150 expression and EBV status in BL. Moreover, IHC and western blotting defined that c-Myb and Survivin are the protein targets of miR-150. Re-expression of miR-150 reduced the proliferation of Raji cells. CONCLUSIONS Deregulation of miR-150 may be useful as a diagnostic tool in BL, based on miRNA profile screening, qRT-PCR and miRNA-ISH. miR-150 plays an important role in BL by targeting c-Myb and Survivin. Re-expression of miR-150 reduced the proliferation of Raji cells, which suggests it to be a promising novel candidate for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenping Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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26
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Maria Murga Penas E, Schilling G, Behrmann P, Klokow M, Vettorazzi E, Bokemeyer C, Dierlamm J. Comprehensive cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of 44 Burkitt lymphoma cell lines: Secondary chromosomal changes characterization, karyotypic evolution, and comparison with primary samples. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:497-515. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Murga Penas
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Campus Kiel Germany
| | - Georgia Schilling
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Petra Behrmann
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Marianne Klokow
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Judith Dierlamm
- Department of Oncology and Hematology; BMT with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Zamani Z, Nassir-Ud-Din, Kohan HK, Kadivar M, Kalyee Z, Rad BL, Iravani A, Rahimi NA, Wahabi F, Sadeghi S, Pourfallah F, Arjmand M. The effect of ginger extract on glycoproteins of Raji cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:241-7. [PMID: 24783808 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.241.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is associated with the development and progression of specific diseases, including cancers. The ginger rhizome is known to have anti-cancer and anti-fungal properties. This investigation was carried out to study the effect of ginger on glycoproteins of Raji cells. A 10% yield of ginger extract was mixed with 0.01% DMSO and added to 6 x 10(4) Raji cells at different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 degrees C. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined and analyzed statistically using Graphpad prism software. Cell extracts were prepared and their glycoproteins purified using lectin-affinity chromatography (Q proteome total glycoprotein and O glycoprotein kits) and SDS PAGE was carried out. IC50 of ginger extract on Raji cells was 20 microg mL(-1) at 72 h with < 0.01 significance. Silver staining of purified glycoprotiens in Raji cells indicated the presence of O-glycans and N-glycans. N-linked mannose and N-linked sialic acids were detected with the total glycoprotein kit. O-linked galactose and O-linked sialic acids were identified with the O-glycoprotein. Ginger reduced the expression of O-linked sialic acid and also N-linked mannose on Raji cells but had no effect on other glycoproteins. Sialic acid is now well known as a cancer marker and investigations are on to use it as a drug-target in cancerous tissues.
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Shiga toxin 1, as DNA repair inhibitor, synergistically potentiates the activity of the anticancer drug, mafosfamide, on raji cells. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:431-44. [PMID: 23430607 PMCID: PMC3640543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1), produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli, targets a restricted subset of human cells, which possess the receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer/CD77), causing hemolytic uremic syndrome. In spite of the high toxicity, Stx1 has been proposed in the treatment of Gb3Cer/CD77-expressing lymphoma. Here, we demonstrate in a Burkitt lymphoma cell model expressing this receptor, namely Raji cells, that Stx1, at quasi-non-toxic concentrations (0.05–0.1 pM), inhibits the repair of mafosfamide-induced DNA alkylating lesions, synergistically potentiating the cytotoxic activity of the anticancer drug. Conversely, human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, which do not express Gb3Cer/CD77, were spared by the toxin as previously demonstrated for CD34+ human progenitor cells, and hence, in this cancer model, no additive nor synergistic effects were observed with the combined Stx1/mafosfamide treatment. Our findings suggest that Stx1 could be used to improve the mafosfamide-mediated purging of Gb3Cer/CD77+ tumor cells before autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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29
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Flynn RP, Zacharias J, Zhou X, Cannon ML, Philpott NJ. Non-integrating lentiviral vectors for specific killing of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-positive B cell lymphoma cells. J Gene Med 2012; 13:487-96. [PMID: 21850667 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes a range of life-threatening B-lymphocyte malignancies but, despite the use of various strategies, treatment remains problematic. METHODS In the present study, we developed a non-integrating lentiviral vector (NILV) that mediates specific killing of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)-expressing cells with minimal toxicity to EBNA1-negative cells. The EBV family of repeats (FR) was cloned intok the NILV genome upstream of various transgenes. RESULTS The presence of the FR in the NILV genome induced transcriptional up-regulation and prolonged the expression of a transgene specifically in EBNA1-positive B cells. Transgene expression from an FR-containing NILV was also prolonged in EBV-transformed cells compared to an FR-negative NILV. We found that the delivery of an FR-containing NILV encoding herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (TK) lead to the killing of more than 99% of EBNA1-positive B cells with minimal toxicity to EBNA1-negative cells in the presence of gancyclovir. EBNA1-positive cells were not killed by an FR-negative vector containing the TK gene. An FR-TK-containing NILV also specifically killed EBNA1-containing cells in a mixed population of EBNA1-positive and EBNA1-negative cells, thus confirming that NILV-FR-TK-mediated killing is specific for EBNA1-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Transgene expression from our NILVs is both EBNA1-specific and dependent upon the presence of the FR. The results obtained in the present study indicate that NILVs have potential use in the treatment of EBV-associated B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Flynn
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Simões Magluta EP, da Cunha Vasconcelos F, Maia RC, Klumb CE. Insights into Apoptosis Mechanisms Induced by DNA-Damaging Agents in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:830-5. [DOI: 10.1080/07357900902849624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole induces nongenotoxic, DNA replication-independent apoptosis of normal and leukemic cells, regardless of their p53 status. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:281. [PMID: 19674456 PMCID: PMC2743708 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current chemotherapy of human cancers focuses on the DNA damage pathway to induce a p53-mediated cellular response leading to either G1 arrest or apoptosis. However, genotoxic treatments may induce mutations and translocations that result in secondary malignancies or recurrent disease. In addition, about 50% of human cancers are associated with mutations in the p53 gene. Nongenotoxic activation of apoptosis by targeting specific molecular pathways thus provides an attractive therapeutic approach. Methods Normal and leukemic cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) through cell viability and caspase activation tests. The apoptotic pathway induced by DRB was analysed by immunfluorescence and immunoblot analysis. H2AX phosphorylation and cell cycle analysis were performed to study the dependance of apoptosis on DNA damage and DNA replication, respectively. To investigate the role of p53 in DRB-induced apoptosis, specific p53 inhibitors were used. Statistical analysis on cell survival was performed with the test of independence. Results Here we report that DRB, an inhibitor of the transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 7 and 9, triggers DNA replication-independent apoptosis in normal and leukemic human cells regardless of their p53 status and without inducing DNA damage. Our data indicate that (i) in p53-competent cells, apoptosis induced by DRB relies on a cytosolic accumulation of p53 and subsequent Bax activation, (ii) in the absence of p53, it may rely on p73, and (iii) it is independent of ATM and NBS1 proteins. Notably, even apoptosis-resistant leukemic cells such as Raji were sensitive to DRB. Conclusion Our results indicate that DRB represents a potentially useful cancer chemotherapeutic strategy that employs both the p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways without inducing genotoxic stress, thereby decreasing the risk of secondary malignancies.
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Lapalombella R, Zhao X, Triantafillou G, Yu B, Jin Y, Lozanski G, Cheney C, Heerema N, Jarjoura D, Lehman A, Lee LJ, Marcucci G, Lee RJ, Caligiuri MA, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. A novel Raji-Burkitt's lymphoma model for preclinical and mechanistic evaluation of CD52-targeted immunotherapeutic agents. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:569-78. [PMID: 18223233 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, efforts to study CD52-targeted therapies, such as alemtuzumab, have been limited due to the lack of stable CD52 expressing transformed B-cell lines and animal models. We describe generation and utilization of cell lines that stably express CD52 both in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN By limiting dilution, we have established several clones of Raji-Burkitt's lymphoma cell line that express surface CD52. Immunophenotype and cytogenetic characterization of these clones was done. In vivo usefulness of the CD52(high) cell line to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CD52-directed antibody was investigated using a SCID mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Stable expression of CD52 was confirmed in cells cultured in vitro up to 52 weeks of continuous growth. The functional integrity of the expressed CD52 molecule was shown using alemtuzumab, which induced cytotoxic effects in vitro in the CD52(high) but not the CD52(low) clone. Compared with control antibody, alemtuzumab treatment in CD52(high) inoculated mice resulted in significantly increased median survival. Comparable levels of CD52-targeted direct cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and anti-CD52 immunoliposome-mediated delivery of synthetic oligodeoxyribo nucleotides in CD52(high) clone and primary B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells implicated potential in vivo application of this model for evaluation of CD52-targeted antibody and immunoliposomes encapsulating therapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS These results show the in vitro utility of the cloned Raji cell lines that stably express high levels CD52. The disseminated leukemia-lymphoma mouse model described herein using these stable cell lines can serve as an excellent system for in vivo therapeutic and mechanistic evaluation of existing and novel antibodies directed against CD52 molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Alemtuzumab
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- CD52 Antigen
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Genes, p53
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Liposomes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mutation
- Rituximab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zhang X, Sanmun D, Hu L, Fadeel B, Ernberg I. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded LMP1 promotes cisplatin-induced caspase activation through JNK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:263-8. [PMID: 17586463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) potentiates chemotherapeutic agent-induced apoptosis in human cell lines of epithelial origin: cervical carcinoma-derived HeLa cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived TW03 cells. LMP1 acted upstream of caspase-dependent mitochondrial perturbation, and the effect was mapped to the C-terminal signaling domain of LMP1, designated CTAR2. CTAR2 is known to engage the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-kappaB pathways, and we show here that SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, suppresses LMP1 potentiation of cisplatin-induced mitochondrial damage and caspase activation in HeLa cells. Moreover, the potentiation of cisplatin-triggered caspase activation was blocked by Bay11-7082, a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Similar results were obtained when a dominant negative form of IkappaB, a specific repressor of NF-kappaB, was co-expressed with LMP1. The current data support the notion that LMP1 modifies stress-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells through molecular interactions downstream of its C-terminal signaling domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Box 280, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun Y, Ottosson A, Pervaiz S, Fadeel B. Smac-mediated sensitization of human B-lymphoma cells to staurosporine- and lactacystin-triggered apoptosis is apoptosome-dependent. Leukemia 2007; 21:1035-43. [PMID: 17377587 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Second mitochondrial activator of caspase (Smac)-derived peptides have previously been shown to facilitate apoptosis of various types of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of such Smac agonists are dependent on apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), a key component of the apoptosome. Here, we explored the role of Apaf-1 through overexpression of this protein in the B-lymphoma cell line Raji that is defective for cytosolic Apaf-1 expression. Enforced expression of Apaf-1 rendered Raji cells sensitive to staurosporine as well as to the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin. Importantly, co-treatment with Smac peptides resulted in a threefold higher degree of apoptosis in Apaf-1-expressing Raji cells, but not in mock-transfected cells. Smac peptides also potentiated apoptosis of the DG-75 cell line following liberation of endogenous Apaf-1 from the plasma membrane, but were ineffective when added alone. Furthermore, we observed high levels of expression in several B-lymphoma cell lines of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (cIAP2), and immunodepletion of cIAP2 (a target of Smac) was found to sensitize Apaf-1-overexpressing Raji cells to cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation. Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of Apaf-1 in Smac-mediated potentiation of apoptosis of B-lymphoma-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Su X, Jacob NK, Amunugama R, Lucas DM, Knapp AR, Ren C, Davis ME, Marcucci G, Parthun MR, Byrd JC, Fishel RA, Freitas MA. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry profiling of histones. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 850:440-54. [PMID: 17254850 PMCID: PMC2694509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the use of reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) to simultaneously characterize variants and post-translationally modified isoforms for each histone. The analysis of intact proteins significantly reduces the time of sample preparation and simplifies data interpretation. LC-MS analysis and peptide mass mapping have previously been applied to identify histone proteins and to characterize their post-translational modifications. However, these studies provided limited characterization of both linker histones and core histones. The current LC-MS analysis allows for the simultaneous observation of all histone PTMs and variants (both replacement and bulk histones) without further enrichment, which will be valuable in comparative studies. Protein identities were verified by the analysis of histone H2A species using RPLC fractionation, AU-PAGE separation and nano-LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Naduparambil K. Jacob
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Ravindra Amunugama
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - David M. Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Amy R. Knapp
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Chen Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Melanie E. Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Mark R. Parthun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Richard A. Fishel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Michael A. Freitas
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics; Human Cancer Genetics, College of Medicine and Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
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Sun Y, Orrenius S, Pervaiz S, Fadeel B. Plasma membrane sequestration of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 in human B-lymphoma cells: a novel mechanism of chemoresistance. Blood 2005; 105:4070-7. [PMID: 15692060 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm harboring chromosomal rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene. BL cells frequently resist apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic agents; however, the mechanism of unresponsiveness has not been elucidated. Here, we show that cytochrome c fails to stimulate apoptosome formation and caspase activation in cytosolic extracts of human BL-derived cell lines, due to insufficient levels of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). Enforced expression of Apaf-1 increased its concentration in the cytosolic compartment, restored cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation, and rendered the prototypic Raji BL cell line sensitive to etoposide- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, in nontransfected BL cells, the bulk of Apaf-1 was found to associate with discrete domains in the plasma membrane. Disruption of lipid raft domains or the actin cytoskeleton of Raji cells liberated Apaf-1 and restored sensitivity to cytochrome c–dependent apoptosis, indicating that constitutive Apaf-1 retained its ability to promote caspase activation. Moreover, disruption of lipid rafts sensitized BL cells to apoptosis induced by etoposide. Together, our findings suggest that ectopic (noncytosolic) localization of Apaf-1 may constitute a novel mechanism of chemoresistance in B lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Karpova MB, Sanmun D, Henter JI, Smirnov AF, Fadeel B. Betulinic acid, a natural cytotoxic agent, fails to trigger apoptosis in human Burkitt's lymphoma-derived B-cell lines. Int J Cancer 2005; 118:246-52. [PMID: 16003746 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene of natural origin, effectively induces apoptosis in neuroectodermal tumors and was recently shown to be a potent trigger of cell death in human leukemia-derived cell lines. To explore the potential of BA in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, we tested a panel of 10 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)-derived B-cell lines for sensitivity to BA. The human Jurkat T leukemia cell line was included as a positive control. Our studies show that BA exerts cytotoxic effects in some of the BL cell lines tested, including DG75, a chemoresistant BL cell line. However, cell death was caspase-independent, as evidenced by a lack of protection by zVAD-fmk, a pancaspase inhibitor, and displayed signs of necrosis. Furthermore, BA-induced caspase activation was seen to a minor extent in only 1 of the 10 BL cell lines tested (Ramos, a p53-deficient cell line), but was readily detected in Jurkat cells. Together, these studies indicate that resistance to BA-induced apoptosis is a common feature of BL-derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Karpova
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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