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Wang X, Duan M, Li J, Ma A, Xin G, Xu D, Li Z, Liu B, Ma Q. MarsGT: Multi-omics analysis for rare population inference using single-cell graph transformer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:338. [PMID: 38184630 PMCID: PMC10771517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44570-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare cell populations are key in neoplastic progression and therapeutic response, offering potential intervention targets. However, their computational identification and analysis often lag behind major cell types. To fill this gap, we introduce MarsGT: Multi-omics Analysis for Rare population inference using a Single-cell Graph Transformer. It identifies rare cell populations using a probability-based heterogeneous graph transformer on single-cell multi-omics data. MarsGT outperforms existing tools in identifying rare cells across 550 simulated and four real human datasets. In mouse retina data, it reveals unique subpopulations of rare bipolar cells and a Müller glia cell subpopulation. In human lymph node data, MarsGT detects an intermediate B cell population potentially acting as lymphoma precursors. In human melanoma data, it identifies a rare MAIT-like population impacted by a high IFN-I response and reveals the mechanism of immunotherapy. Hence, MarsGT offers biological insights and suggests potential strategies for early detection and therapeutic intervention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maoteng Duan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jingxian Li
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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2
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Gao C, Zhu H, Gong P, Wu C, Xu X, Zhu X. The functions of FOXP transcription factors and their regulation by post-translational modifications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194992. [PMID: 37797785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box subfamily P (FOXP) of transcription factors, consisting of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3, and FOXP4, is involved in the regulation of multisystemic functioning. Disruption of the transcriptional activity of FOXP proteins leads to neurodevelopmental disorders and immunological diseases, as well as the suppression or promotion of carcinogenesis. The transcriptional activities of FOXP proteins are directly or indirectly regulated by diverse post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and methylation. Here, we discuss how post-translational modifications modulate the multiple functions of FOXP proteins and examine the implications for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwen Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - Xuefei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors & Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
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3
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Tong Z, Shen Y, Yuan Q, Yu H. HTRA3 transcriptionally inhibited by FOXP1 suppresses tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119553. [PMID: 37527738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the biological behavior of osteosarcoma (OS), OS is still the most common primary bone sarcoma that endangers the health of children and adolescents. High-temperature requirement A (HTRA) protease family plays an important regulatory role in numerous malignancies and acts as a prognostic biomarker. However, the function and underlying mechanisms of the HTRA family in OS development remain unknown. Through analyzing the GSE126209 dataset obtained from different Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we found that HTRA3 as a member of the HTRA family was downregulated in OS tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Functional experiments indicated that HTRA3 overexpression suppressed malignant behaviors of OS cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that HTRA3 co-localized with the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and decreased XIAP stability. Further investigation showed that XIAP knockdown inhibited the degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and that HTRA3 caused the blockage of PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, characterized as the reverse of cell function caused by HTRA3 overexpression after PTEN inhibitor BpV (HOpic) treatment. Detailed investigations showed that forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1), an oncogene in OS progression, downregulated HTRA3 expression and inhibited the transcriptional activity of HTRA3, suggesting that HTRA3 was regulated negatively by FOXP1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HTRA3 is a repressor involved in OS development via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway under the modulation of transcription factor FOXP1, and it may provide a therapeutic direction for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wang X, Duan M, Li J, Ma A, Xu D, Li Z, Liu B, Ma Q. MarsGT: Multi-omics analysis for rare population inference using single-cell graph transformer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553454. [PMID: 37645917 PMCID: PMC10462017 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Rare cell populations are key in neoplastic progression and therapeutic response, offering potential intervention targets. However, their computational identification and analysis often lag behind major cell types. To fill this gap, we introduced MarsGT: Multi-omics Analysis for Rare population inference using Single-cell Graph Transformer. It identifies rare cell populations using a probability-based heterogeneous graph transformer on single-cell multi-omics data. MarsGT outperformed existing tools in identifying rare cells across 400 simulated and four real human datasets. In mouse retina data, it revealed unique subpopulations of rare bipolar cells and a Müller glia cell subpopulation. In human lymph node data, MarsGT detected an intermediate B cell population potentially acting as lymphoma precursors. In human melanoma data, it identified a rare MAIT-like population impacted by a high IFN-I response and revealed the mechanism of immunotherapy. Hence, MarsGT offers biological insights and suggests potential strategies for early detection and therapeutic intervention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maoteng Duan
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jingxian Li
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Wang L, Luo P, Yang Z, Zhong X, Ji C. FOXP1 inhibits pancreatic cancer growth by transcriptionally regulating IRF1 expression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280794. [PMID: 36952469 PMCID: PMC10035899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXP1, known as a Forkhead-box (FOX) family protein, plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. However, the function and molecular mechanism of FOXP1 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. Here, we report that PC patients with FOXP1 overexpression had a higher survival rate compared to patients with low- FOXP1 expression. Additionally, high expression of FOXP1 can markedly inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro, whereas low expression of FOXP1 effectively promoted the tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, FOXP1 could directly bind the IRF1 promoter, which triggered the transcriptional activity of IRF1. Taken together, FOXP1 suppressed PC growth via IRF1-dependent manner, serving as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Graduate School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Scientific Research Section, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nanchang Third Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Graduate School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changxue Ji
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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6
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Recent Advances in the Genetic of MALT Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010176. [PMID: 35008340 PMCID: PMC8750177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of marginal zone lymphomas. These B-cell neoplasms may arise from many organs and usually have an indolent behavior. Recurrent chromosomal translocations and cytogenetic alterations are well characterized, some of them being associated to specific sites. Through next-generation sequencing technologies, the mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas has been explored and available data to date show that there are considerable variations in the incidence and spectrum of mutations among MALT lymphoma of different sites. Interestingly, most of these mutations affect several common pathways and some of them are potentially targetable. Gene expression profile and epigenetic studies have also added new information, potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the genetic landscape in MALT lymphomas. Abstract Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms with B-cell origin, occurring in adult patients and usually having an indolent clinical behavior. These lymphomas may arise in different anatomic locations, sharing many clinicopathological characteristics, but also having substantial variances in the aetiology and genetic alterations. Chromosomal translocations are recurrent in MALT lymphomas with different prevalence among different sites, being the 4 most common: t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). Several chromosomal numerical abnormalities have also been described, but probably represent secondary genetic events. The mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas is wide, and the most frequent mutations are: TNFAIP3, CREBBP, KMT2C, TET2, SPEN, KMT2D, LRP1B, PRDM1, EP300, TNFRSF14, NOTCH1/NOTCH2, and B2M, but many other genes may be involved. Similar to chromosomal translocations, certain mutations are enriched in specific lymphoma types. In the same line, variation in immunoglobulin gene usage is recognized among MALT lymphoma of different anatomic locations. In the last decade, several studies have analyzed the role of microRNA, transcriptomics and epigenetic alterations, further improving our knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms in MALT lymphoma development. All these advances open the possibility of targeted directed treatment and push forward the concept of precision medicine in MALT lymphomas.
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Expression patterns and prognostic potential of circular RNAs in mantle cell lymphoma: a study of younger patients from the MCL2 and MCL3 clinical trials. Leukemia 2021; 36:177-188. [PMID: 34244612 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by marked differences in outcome, emphasizing the need for strong prognostic biomarkers. Here, we explore expression patterns and prognostic relevance of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a group of endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, in MCL. We profiled the circRNA expression landscape using RNA-sequencing and explored the prognostic potential of 40 abundant circRNAs in samples from the Nordic MCL2 and MCL3 clinical trials, using NanoString nCounter Technology. We report a circRNA-based signature (circSCORE) developed in the training cohort MCL2 that is highly predictive of time to progression (TTP) and lymphoma-specific survival (LSS). The dismal outcome observed in the large proportion of patients assigned to the circSCORE high-risk group was confirmed in the independent validation cohort MCL3, both in terms of TTP (HR 3.0; P = 0.0004) and LSS (HR 3.6; P = 0.001). In Cox multiple regression analysis incorporating MIPI, Ki67 index, blastoid morphology and presence of TP53 mutations, circSCORE retained prognostic significance for TTP (HR 3.2; P = 0.01) and LSS (HR 4.6; P = 0.01). In conclusion, circRNAs are promising prognostic biomarkers in MCL and circSCORE improves identification of high-risk disease among younger patients treated with cytarabine-containing chemoimmunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant.
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8
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Ferla V, Rossi FG, Goldaniga MC, Baldini L. Biological Difference Between Epstein-Barr Virus Positive and Negative Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Their Clinical Impact. Front Oncol 2020; 10:506. [PMID: 32457824 PMCID: PMC7225286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is correlated with several lymphoproliferative disorders, including Hodgkin disease, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The oncogenic EBV is present in 80% of PTLD. EBV infection influences immune response and has a causative role in the oncogenic transformation of lymphocytes. The development of PTLD is the consequence of an imbalance between immunosurveillance and immunosuppression. Different approaches have been proposed to treat this disorder, including suppression of the EBV viral load, reduction of immune suppression, and malignant clone destruction. In some cases, upfront chemotherapy offers better and durable clinical responses. In this work, we elucidate the clinicopathological and molecular-genetic characteristics of PTLD to clarify the biological differences of EBV(+) and EBV(–) PTLD. Gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing, and microRNA profiles have recently provided many data that explore PTLD pathogenic mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets. This article aims to explore new insights into clinical behavior and pathogenesis of EBV(–)/(+) PTLD with the hope to support future therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ferla
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gaia Rossi
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Goldaniga
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda-Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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9
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Winer P, Muskens IS, Walsh KM, Vora A, Moorman AV, Wiemels JL, Roberts I, Roy A, de Smith AJ. Germline variants in predisposition genes in children with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 4:672-675. [PMID: 32084258 PMCID: PMC7042982 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare and pathogenic germline variants, including in IKZF1 , contribute to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Winer
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ajay Vora
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics and
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom; and
- Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics and
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom; and
- Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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10
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Kim JH, Hwang J, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee DY, Kim SH. Molecular networks of FOXP family: dual biologic functions, interplay with other molecules and clinical implications in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31815635 PMCID: PMC6900861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Forkhead box P (FOXP) transcription factors comprising of FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3 and FOXP4 are involved in the embryonic development, immune disorders and cancer progression, the underlying function of FOXP3 targeting CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the dual roles of FOXP proteins as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor are unclear and controversial in cancers to date. Thus, the present review highlighted research history, dual roles of FOXP proteins as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, their molecular networks with other proteins and noncoding RNAs, cellular immunotherapy targeting FOXP3, and clinical implications in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Hwang
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Eumseong, 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Lab, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee university, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Agostinelli C, Akarca AU, Ramsay A, Rizvi H, Rodriguez-Justo M, Pomplun S, Proctor I, Sabattini E, Linch D, Daw S, Pittaluga S, Pileri SA, Jaffe ES, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Marafioti T. Novel markers in pediatric-type follicular lymphoma. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:771-779. [PMID: 31686194 PMCID: PMC6881426 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the histopathological, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) and to assess the diagnostic value of novel immunohistochemical markers in distinguishing PTFL from follicular hyperplasia (FH). A total of 13 nodal PTFLs were investigated using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and PCR and were compared with a further 20 reactive lymph nodes showing FH. Morphologically, PTFL cases exhibited a follicular growth pattern with irregular lymphoid follicles in which the germinal centers were composed of numerous blastoid cells showing a starry-sky appearance. Immunohistochemistry highlighted preserved CD10 (13/13) and BCL6 (13/13) staining, CD20 (13/13) positivity, a K light chain predominance (7/13), and partial BCL2 expression in 6/13 cases (using antibodies 124, E17, and SP66). The germinal center (GC)–associated markers stathmin and LLT-1 were positive in most of the cases (12/13 and 12/13, respectively). Interestingly, FOXP-1 was uniformly positive in PTFL (12/13 cases) in contrast to reactive GCs in FH, where only a few isolated positive cells were observed. FISH revealed no evidence of BCL2, BCL6, or MYC rearrangements in the examined cases. By PCR, clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were detected in 100% of the tested PTFL cases. Our study confirmed the unique morphological and immunophenotypic features of PTFL and suggests that FOXP-1 can represent a novel useful diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis between PTFL and FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Agostinelli
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Ramsay
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Hasan Rizvi
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Sabine Pomplun
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Ian Proctor
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Stephen Daw
- Children and Young People's Cancer Service, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Haematology section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Division of Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Institute of Pathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Haematology section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK. .,Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK.
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12
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Chen A, Zhong L, Lv J. FOXL1 overexpression is associated with poor outcome in patients with glioma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:751-757. [PMID: 31289550 PMCID: PMC6540307 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in adult central nervous system and result in disappointing survival outcomes. FOXL1, as a transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in cell metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between FOXL1 expression and prognosis of patients with glioma. We selected 611 glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 132 glioma patients from Huai'an First People's Hospital (PFHH). The prognostic values of FOXL1 in glioma were analyzed in both cohorts. In TCGA cohort, the median (10.2389) was used as the cut-off value of FOXL1 mRNA levels in tumor tissue. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher WHO glioma grade (P<0.001) and expression of FOXL1 (P<0.001) were associated with worse overall survival (OS). The univariate Cox regression model revealed that age (P<0.001), WHO grade (P<0.001), histological type (P<0.001) and FOXL1 expression (P<0.001) were associated with prognosis of glioma patients. In PFHH cohort, expression of FOXL1 in tumor cells was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining based on a tissue microarray (TMA) sample. Kaplan-Meier analysis also showed that WHO glioma grade (P<0.001) and expression of FOXL1 (P=0.012) were associated with OS in glioma patients. The univariate Cox regression showed that WHO grade (P=0.001), histological type (P<0.001) and FOXL1 expression (P=0.013) were associated with prognosis of glioma patients. In both cohorts Kaplan-Meier subgroup analyses showed FOXL expression correlated with OS in high WHO grade subgroup, while low grade subgroup showed no such correlation. This study showed that higher expression of FOXL1 is associated with poor OS of glioma patients in TCGA and PFHH cohorts. Especially, FOXL1 overexpression is associated with worse outcomes in high WHO grade subgroup. Our findings suggest that FOXL1 expression is a candidate predictor of clinical outcome in glioma patients and may act as an effective molecular marker for immunotherapeutic strategies of glioma patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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13
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Marcelis L, Tousseyn T, Sagaert X. MALT Lymphoma as a Model of Chronic Inflammation-Induced Gastric Tumor Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:77-106. [PMID: 31123886 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, or extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT, is an indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma linked with preexisting chronic inflammation. The stomach is the most commonly affected organ and the MALT lymphoma pathogenesis is clearly associated with Helicobacter pylori gastroduodenitis. Inflammation induces the lymphoid infiltrates in extranodal sites, where the lymphoma then subsequently develops. Genetic aberrations arise through the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), H. pylori-induced endonucleases, and other effects. The involvement of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation, a critical regulator of pro-inflammatory responses, further highlights the role of inflammation in gastric MALT lymphoma. The NF-κB pathway regulates key elements of normal lymphocyte function, including the transcription of proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptotic genes. Aberrant constitutive activation of NF-κB signaling can lead to autoimmunity and malignancy. NF-κB pathway activation can happen through both the canonical and non-canonical pathways and can be caused by multiple genetic aberrations such as t(11;18)(q12;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), and t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocations, chronic inflammation and even directly by H. pylori-associated mechanisms. Gastric MALT lymphoma is considered one of the best models of how inflammation initiates genetic events that lead to oncogenesis, determines tumor biology, dictates clinical behavior and leads to viable therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to present gastric MALT lymphoma as an outstanding example of the close pathogenetic link between chronic inflammation and tumor development and to describe how this information can be integrated into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marcelis
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- , O&N IV Herestraat 49 - bus 7003 24, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, University Hospitals, Louvain, Belgium
- , O&N IV Herestraat 49 - bus 7003 24, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, University Hospitals, Louvain, Belgium.
- , O&N IV Herestraat 49 - bus 7003 24, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
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14
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Pratap S, Scordino TS. Molecular and cellular genetics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Diagnostic and prognostic implications. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 106:44-51. [PMID: 30465756 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a diverse collection of malignant neoplasms with lymphoid-cell origin which includes all the malignant lymphomas that are not classified as Hodgkin lymphoma. NHL is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in men and women in the developed world. In the United States of America, the past few decades have seen a significant rise in the incidence of NHL and it accounts for about 4% of all cancers now. The overall survival of NHL has improved drastically over the past ten years. This can be attributed to better understanding of pathogenesis, refined classification, enhanced supportive care, and data from collaborative clinical trials. The prognosis of a newly diagnosed NHL patient depends, among other factors, on the specific subtype of lymphoma, stage of the disease, and age of the patient. Advances in the fields of molecular biology and innovations in cytogenetic techniques have led to the discovery of several oncogenic pathways involved in lymphomagenesis, which in turn has amplified the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches available for NHL. Our comprehension of the genetic features that determine the character of NHL, and ultimately guide the therapy, has undergone significant shift and it is essential that scientists as well as clinicians stay in tune with this rapidly evolving knowledge. In this review we have summarized the current concepts about cellular and molecular genetics of the common subtypes of NHL and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Pratap
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Jimmy Everest Section of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, 1200 Children's Ave, Suite 14500, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Teresa S Scordino
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Department of Pathology, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd, BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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15
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Juárez-Salcedo LM, Sokol L, Chavez JC, Dalia S. Primary Gastric Lymphoma, Epidemiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818778256. [PMID: 29779412 PMCID: PMC6028178 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818778256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma and represents a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from indolent low-grade marginal zone lymphoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The PGL is a relatively rare cancer and easily misdiagnosed due to its unspecific symptoms of the digestive tract. The medical literature and ongoing clinical trials were reviewed on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of PGL. Primary gastric lymphoma is an event in the course of cancer with a variable clinical presentation and a wide differential diagnosis. Chronic gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been considered a major predisposing factor for MALT lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography have helped in staging of these cancers. The clinical course and prognosis of this disease are dependent on histopathological subtype and stage at the time of diagnosis. A global therapeutic approach to the cure of PGL has completely changed over the past 10 years, including innovative and conservative options to reduce treatment toxicity. Due to the rarity of PGL, many aspects of this neoplasm are still controversial. The incidence of this disease is increasing, making it necessary for clinicians to understand the clinical symptoms, workup, and treatment of these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- 2 Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julio C Chavez
- 2 Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samir Dalia
- 3 Hematology/Oncology, Mercy Clinic Oncology and Hematology-Joplin, MO, USA
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16
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Genome-wide discovery of somatic regulatory variants in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4001. [PMID: 30275490 PMCID: PMC6167379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive cancer originating from mature B-cells. Prognosis is strongly associated with molecular subgroup, although the driver mutations that distinguish the two main subgroups remain poorly defined. Through an integrative analysis of whole genomes, exomes, and transcriptomes, we have uncovered genes and non-coding loci that are commonly mutated in DLBCL. Our analysis has identified novel cis-regulatory sites, and implicates recurrent mutations in the 3′ UTR of NFKBIZ as a novel mechanism of oncogene deregulation and NF-κB pathway activation in the activated B-cell (ABC) subgroup. Small amplifications associated with over-expression of FCGR2B (the Fcγ receptor protein IIB), primarily in the germinal centre B-cell (GCB) subgroup, correlate with poor patient outcomes suggestive of a novel oncogene. These results expand the list of subgroup driver mutations that may facilitate implementation of improved diagnostic assays and could offer new avenues for the development of targeted therapeutics. The driver mutations for the two main molecular subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are poorly defined. Here, an integrative genomics analysis identifies 3′ UTR NFKBIZ mutations within the activated B-cell DLBCL subgroup and small FCGR2B amplifications in the germinal centre B-cell DLBCL subgroup.
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17
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Sun X, Wang J, Huang M, Chen T, Chen J, Zhang F, Zeng H, Xu Z, Ke Y. STAT3 promotes tumour progression in glioma by inducing FOXP1 transcription. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5629-5638. [PMID: 30134017 PMCID: PMC6201216 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper investigated the effects of STAT3 through promoting FOXP1 transcription on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in glioma cells. Methods Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot assay were administered to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3 and FOXP1 in glioma tissues and cells, respectively. Luciferase reporter and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were implemented to determine the correlation between STAT3 and FOXP1. MTT and colony formation assays were conducted to identify cell growth. Flow cytometry was run to detect the cell apoptosis rate of glioma cells. Transwell assays were conducted to reveal cell invasion ability. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3 were highly expressed in glioma tissues and cells. After cells transfected with siRNA of STAT3, both STAT3 and FOXP1 were simultaneously downregulated. STAT3 directly regulated FOXP1 transcription. STAT3 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis and enhanced cell invasion through promoting FOXP1 transcription in glioma cells. Conclusion In summary, STAT3 gene was a transcriptional regulator of FOXP1. Depleted STAT3 restrained cell proliferation and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis in glioma cells. This molecular mechanism between STAT3 and FOXP1 can serve as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Sun
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabing Zhang
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zeng
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA General Army Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Foxp1 controls mature B cell survival and the development of follicular and B-1 B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3120-3125. [PMID: 29507226 PMCID: PMC5866538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711335115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with B cell lymphoma carry alterations in the gene coding for the transcription factor Foxp1. High Foxp1 expression has been linked to poor prognosis in those malignancies; however, the physiological functions of Foxp1 in mature B cells remain unknown. By employing genetic mouse models, we show that Foxp1 deletion results in reduced B cell numbers and impaired antibody production upon T cell-independent immunization. Foxp1-deficient mature B cells are impaired in survival and exhibit an increased proliferation capacity, and transcriptional analysis identified defective expression of the prosurvival Bcl-xl gene. Our results provide insight into the regulation of mature B cell survival by Foxp1 and have implications for understanding the role of Foxp1 in the development of B cell malignancies. The transcription factor Foxp1 is critical for early B cell development. Despite frequent deregulation of Foxp1 in B cell lymphoma, the physiological functions of Foxp1 in mature B cells remain unknown. Here, we used conditional gene targeting in the B cell lineage and report that Foxp1 disruption in developing and mature B cells results in reduced numbers and frequencies of follicular and B-1 B cells and in impaired antibody production upon T cell-independent immunization in vivo. Moreover, Foxp1-deficient B cells are impaired in survival even though they exhibit an increased capacity to proliferate. Transcriptional analysis identified defective expression of the prosurvival Bcl-2 family gene Bcl2l1 encoding Bcl-xl in Foxp1-deficient B cells, and we identified Foxp1 binding in the regulatory region of Bcl2l1. Transgenic overexpression of Bcl2 rescued the survival defect in Foxp1-deficient mature B cells in vivo and restored peripheral B cell numbers. Thus, our results identify Foxp1 as a physiological regulator of mature B cell survival mediated in part via the control of Bcl-xl expression and imply that this pathway might contribute to the pathogenic function of aberrant Foxp1 expression in lymphoma.
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19
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Zhang J, Chen J, Ma T, Guo H, Yang B. Genetic variants of FOXP1 and FOXF1 are associated with the susceptibility of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Chinese population. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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FOXP1 expression is a prognostic biomarker in follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab and chemotherapy. Blood 2017; 131:226-235. [PMID: 29122756 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-799080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a clinically and molecularly highly heterogeneous disease, yet prognostication relies predominantly on clinical tools. We recently demonstrated that integration of mutation status of 7 genes, including EZH2 and MEF2B, improves risk stratification. We mined gene expression data to uncover genes that are differentially expressed in EZH2- and MEF2B-mutated cases. We focused on FOXP1 and assessed its protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 763 tissue biopsies. For outcome correlation, a population-based training cohort of 142 patients with FL treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone, and a clinical trial validation cohort comprising 395 patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) ± rituximab were used. We found FOXP1 to be significantly downregulated in both EZH2- and MEF2B-mutated cases. By IHC, 76 specimens in the training cohort (54%) had high FOXP1 expression (>10%), which was associated with reduced 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) rates (55% vs 70%). In the validation cohort, high FOXP1 expression status was observed in 248 patients (63%) and correlated with significantly shorter FFS in patients treated with R-CHOP (hazard ratio [HR], 1.95; P = .017) but not in patients treated with CHOP (HR, 1.15; P = .44). The impact of high FOXP1 expression on FFS in immunochemotherapy-treated patients was additional to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. High FOXP1 expression was associated with distinct molecular features such as TP53 mutations, expression of IRF4, and gene expression signatures reminiscent of dark zone germinal center or activated B cells. In summary, FOXP1 is a downstream phenotypic commonality of gene mutations and predicts outcome following rituximab-containing regimens.
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21
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Tzankov A, Went P, Dirnhofer S. Prognostic Significance of in situ Phenotypic Marker Expression in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are the most common lymphoid malignancies, and encompass all malignant lymphomas characterized by large neoplastic cells and B-cell derivation. In the last decade, DLBCL has been subjected to intense clinical, phenotypic and molecular studies, and were found to represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. These studies suggested new disease subtypes and variants with distinct clinical characteristics, morphologies, immunophenotypes, genotypes or gene expression profiles, associated with distinct prognoses or unique sensitivities to particular therapy regimens. Unfortunately, the reliability and reproducibility of the molecular results remains unclear due to contradictory reports in the literature resulting from small sample sizes, referral and selection biases, and variable methodologies and cut-off levels used to determine positivity. Here, we review phenotypic studies on the prognostic significance of protein expression profiles in DLBCL and reconsider our own retrospective data on 301 primary DLBCL cases obtained on a previously validated tissue microarray in light of powerful statistical methods of determining optimal cut-off values of phenotypic factors for prediction of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Went
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Schreuder MI, van den Brand M, Hebeda KM, Groenen PJTA, van Krieken JH, Scheijen B. Novel developments in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. J Hematop 2017; 10:91-107. [PMID: 29225710 PMCID: PMC5712330 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-017-0302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL), mostly represented by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, also referred to as MALT lymphoma, is a clinically heterogeneous entity within the group of low-grade B cell lymphomas that arises in a wide range of different extranodal sites, including the stomach, lung, ocular adnexa, and skin. It represents the third most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Western world, and the median age of occurrence is around 60 years. One characteristic aspect in a subset of EMZL detectable in about 25% of the cases is the presence of specific chromosomal translocations involving the genes MALT1 and BCL10, which lead to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Another unique aspect is that several infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori in the case of gastric EMZL, and autoimmune disorders, like Sjögren syndrome, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Recent findings as summarized in this review have further improved our understanding of the complex pathobiology of this disease and have been essential to better define novel treatment strategies. In addition, many of these specific features are currently being implemented for the diagnosis of EMZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Schreuder
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van den Brand
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Pathology-DNA, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia J T A Groenen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 AG Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Du MQ. MALT lymphoma: Genetic abnormalities, immunological stimulation and molecular mechanism. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2017; 30:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Li H, Liu P, Xu S, Li Y, Dekker JD, Li B, Fan Y, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Yang G, Tang T, Ren Y, Tucker HO, Yao Z, Guo X. FOXP1 controls mesenchymal stem cell commitment and senescence during skeletal aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1241-1253. [PMID: 28240601 DOI: 10.1172/jci89511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aged mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in bone marrow is the pivot of differentiation potency from osteoblast to adipocyte coupled with a decrease in self-renewal capacity. However, how these cellular events are orchestrated in the aging progress is not fully understood. In this study, we have used molecular and genetic approaches to investigate the role of forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) in transcriptional control of MSC senescence. In bone marrow MSCs, FOXP1 expression levels declined with age in an inverse manner with those of the senescence marker p16INK4A. Conditional depletion of Foxp1 in bone marrow MSCs led to premature aging characteristics, including increased bone marrow adiposity, decreased bone mass, and impaired MSC self-renewal capacity in mice. At the molecular level, FOXP1 regulated cell-fate choice of MSCs through interactions with the CEBPβ/δ complex and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin κ J region (RBPjκ), key modulators of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. Loss of p16INK4A in Foxp1-deficient MSCs partially rescued the defects in replication capacity and bone mass accrual. Promoter occupancy analyses revealed that FOXP1 directly represses transcription of p16INK4A. These results indicate that FOXP1 attenuates MSC senescence by orchestrating their cell-fate switch while maintaining their replicative capacity in a dose- and age-dependent manner.
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25
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Dupain C, Harttrampf AC, Urbinati G, Geoerger B, Massaad-Massade L. Relevance of Fusion Genes in Pediatric Cancers: Toward Precision Medicine. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 6:315-326. [PMID: 28325298 PMCID: PMC5363511 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cancers differ from adult tumors, especially by their very low mutational rate. Therefore, their etiology could be explained in part by other oncogenic mechanisms such as chromosomal rearrangements, supporting the possible implication of fusion genes in the development of pediatric cancers. Fusion genes result from chromosomal rearrangements leading to the juxtaposition of two genes. Consequently, an abnormal activation of one or both genes is observed. The detection of fusion genes has generated great interest in basic cancer research and in the clinical setting, since these genes can lead to better comprehension of the biological mechanisms of tumorigenesis and they can also be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of fusion genes and their particularities in pediatric cancers, as well as their relevance in murine models and in the clinical setting. We also point out the difficulties encountered in the discovery of fusion genes. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and priorities for finding new innovative therapies in childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Dupain
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Catherine Harttrampf
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giorgia Urbinati
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Liliane Massaad-Massade
- Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203 CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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26
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van Keimpema M, Grüneberg LJ, Schilder-Tol EJM, Oud MECM, Beuling EA, Hensbergen PJ, de Jong J, Pals ST, Spaargaren M. The small FOXP1 isoform predominantly expressed in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and full-length FOXP1 exert similar oncogenic and transcriptional activity in human B cells. Haematologica 2016; 102:573-583. [PMID: 27909217 PMCID: PMC5394978 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.156455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 is generally regarded as an oncogene in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Previous studies have suggested that a small isoform of FOXP1 rather than full-length FOXP1, may possess this oncogenic activity. Corroborating those studies, we herein show that activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines and primary activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells predominantly express a small FOXP1 isoform, and that the 5′-end of the Foxp1 gene is a common insertion site in murine lymphomas in leukemia virus- and transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis screens. By combined mass spectrometry, (quantative) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/sequencing, and small interfering ribonucleic acid-mediated gene silencing, we determined that the small FOXP1 isoform predominantly expressed in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma lacks the N-terminal 100 amino acids of full-length FOXP1. Aberrant overexpression of this FOXP1 isoform (ΔN100) in primary human B cells revealed its oncogenic capacity; it repressed apoptosis and plasma cell differentiation. However, no difference in potency was found between this small FOXP1 isoform and full-length FOXP1. Furthermore, overexpression of full-length FOXP1 or this small FOXP1 isoform in primary B cells and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines resulted in similar gene regulation. Taken together, our data indicate that this small FOXP1 isoform and full-length FOXP1 have comparable oncogenic and transcriptional activity in human B cells, suggesting that aberrant expression or overexpression of FOXP1, irrespective of the specific isoform, contributes to lymphomagenesis. These novel insights further enhance the value of FOXP1 for the diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine van Keimpema
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie J Grüneberg
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Schilder-Tol
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E C M Oud
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A Beuling
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johann de Jong
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Academic Medical Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of mature B-cell lymphoma. While the majority of patients are cured with immunochemotherapy incorporating the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R-CHOP), relapsed and refractory patients still have a dismal prognosis. DLBCL subtypes including an aggressive activated B-cell-like (ABC) and a more favorable prognosis germinal center-like (GCB) DLBCL have been identified by gene expression profiling and are characterized by distinct genetic abnormalities and oncogenic pathways. This identification of novel molecular targets is now enabling clinical trials to evaluate more effective personalized approaches to DLBCL therapy. The forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 is highly expressed in the ABC-DLBCL gene signature and has been extensively studied within the context of DLBCL for more than a decade. Here, we review the significance of FOXP1 in the pathogenesis of DLBCL, summarizing data supporting its utility as a prognostic and subtyping marker, its targeting by genetic aberrations, the importance of specific isoforms, and emerging data demonstrating a functional role in lymphoma biology. FOXP1 is one of the critical transcription factors whose deregulated expression makes important contributions to DLBCL pathogenesis. Thus, FOXP1 warrants further study as a potential theranostic in ABC-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan M Gascoyne
- a Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- a Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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28
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Du MQ. MALT lymphoma: A paradigm of NF-κB dysregulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:49-60. [PMID: 27452667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) invariably arises from a background of chronic microbial infection and/or autoimmune disorder at diverse mucosal sites. The prolonged chronic infection and/or autoimmunity generate active immune and inflammatory responses that provide a setting for evolution and development of autoreactive B-cells, their expansion and eventual malignant transformation following acquisition of genetic changes. The immune responses also play a critical role in sustaining the growth and survival of the transformed cells as shown by complete regression of a high proportion of MALT lymphoma of the stomach, ocular adnexa and skin following anti-microbial treatment. B-cell receptor engagement by auto-antigen as well as T-cell help including both cognate interaction and bystander help via soluble ligands such as CD40L and BAFF are thought to underpin the immunological drive in the lymphoma development through activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway respectively. Similarly, the three MALT lymphoma associated chromosome translocations, namely t(1;14)(p22;q32)/BCL10-IGH, t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1,and t(11;18)(q21;q21)/BIRC3 (API2)-MALT1, are also capable of activating both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, TNFAIP3 (A20) inactivation by deletion and/or mutation abolishes the auto-negative feedback to several signalling including BCR and TLR, which connect to the canonical NF-κB activation pathway. Thus, there is a considerable overlap in the molecular pathways dysregulated by immunological drive and somatic genetic changes, strongly arguing for their oncogenic cooperation in the development of MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Molecular Histopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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29
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Otto C, Scholtysik R, Schmitz R, Kreuz M, Becher C, Hummel M, Rosenwald A, Trümper L, Klapper W, Siebert R, Küppers R. NovelIGHandMYCTranslocation Partners in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:932-943. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Otto
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
| | - Markus Kreuz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE); University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Claudia Becher
- Institute of Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | | | | | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology/Oncology; University Hospital Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School; Essen Germany
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De Smedt L, Palmans S, Govaere O, Moisse M, Boeckx B, De Hertogh G, Prenen H, Van Cutsem E, Tejpar S, Tousseyn T, Sagaert X. Expression of FOXP1 and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Lab Med 2016; 46:299-311. [PMID: 26489674 DOI: 10.1309/lm7ihv2nji1phmxc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box gene P1 (FOXP1) has proven to be a valuable prognostic biomarker in lymphomas, but little is known about this gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of FOXP1 in CRC and its potential associations with outcome in CRC. METHODS We studied the expression pattern of FOXP1 retrospectively via immunohistochemistry in a series of 165 - CRC cases. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and RNA sequencing on FOXP1 knockdown cell lines were performed to investigate the mechanism of action and target genes of FOXP1. RESULTS Complete loss of nuclear FOXP1 expression was observed in 11.5% of the subjects. A total of 70.9% of subjects showed a heterogeneous FOXP1 expression pattern, and 17.6% of them had high FOXP1 expression. Impaired expression of FOXP1 was significantly correlated with reduced survival rates by multivariate analysis (P = .004). We found no chromosomal aberrations involving FOXP1 in individuals with FOXP1 negativity via immunohistochemical testing. RNA sequencing revealed that genes involved in inflammation and cell proliferation were differentially expressed after FOXP1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS In our case series, loss of FOXP1 was associated with reduced survival rates in CRC tissue. Also, FOXP1 affects proliferation and inflammatory reaction in colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde De Smedt
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Palmans
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Digestive Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium, Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Sagaert
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathologie, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Brown PJ, Gascoyne DM, Lyne L, Spearman H, Felce SL, McFadden N, Chakravarty P, Barrans S, Lynham S, Calado DP, Ward M, Banham AH. N-terminally truncated FOXP1 protein expression and alternate internal FOXP1 promoter usage in normal and malignant B cells. Haematologica 2016; 101:861-71. [PMID: 27056922 PMCID: PMC5004466 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong FOXP1 protein expression is a poor risk factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and has been linked to an activated B-cell-like subtype, which preferentially expresses short FOXP1 (FOXP1S) proteins. However, both short isoform generation and function are incompletely understood. Here we prove by mass spectrometry and N-terminal antibody staining that FOXP1S proteins in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are N-terminally truncated. Furthermore, a rare strongly FOXP1-expressing population of normal germinal center B cells lacking the N-terminus of the regular long protein (FOXP1L) was identified. Exon-targeted silencing and transcript analyses identified three alternate 5' non-coding exons [FOXP1-Ex6b(s), FOXP1-Ex7b and FOXP1-Ex7c], downstream of at least two predicted promoters, giving rise to FOXP1S proteins. These were differentially controlled by B-cell activation and methylation, conserved in murine lymphoma cells, and significantly correlated with FOXP1S protein expression in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples. Alternatively spliced isoforms lacking exon 9 (e.g. isoform 3) did not encode FOXP1S, and an alternate long human FOXP1 protein (FOXP1AL) likely generated from a FOXP1-Ex6b(L) transcript was detected. The ratio of FOXP1L:FOXP1S isoforms correlated with differential expression of plasmacytic differentiation markers in U-2932 subpopulations, and altering this ratio was sufficient to modulate CD19 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Thus, the activity of multiple alternate FOXP1 promoters to produce multiple protein isoforms is likely to regulate B-cell maturation.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Exons
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/chemistry
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Brown
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Duncan M Gascoyne
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Linden Lyne
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Hayley Spearman
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Nora McFadden
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, HMDS, Leeds Cancer Centre, Kings College London, UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Dinis P Calado
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Kings College London, UK
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
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32
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FOXP1 forkhead transcription factor is associated with the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00116. [PMID: 27441287 PMCID: PMC4946217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancers are mostly estrogen-dependent. FOXP1 is a P subfamily of forkhead box (FOX), and known as an estrogen-responsive transcription factor. The aims of this study were to examine histological location of FOXP1 in normal and malignant endometrium, and to investigate a possible association between FOXP1 and other factors considered to be involved in pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. The levels of FOXP1, estrogen receptor (ER)α, and ERβ expression were examined immunohistochemically in normal and malignant endometrium obtained from 75 women (8 normal, 8 atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and 59 endometrial cancers from grade 1 to 3). The effects of estrogen on ERα, FOXP1, KRAS, and PTEN expression were analyzed in telomerase-immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (T HESCs) by Western blotting. Western blotting was also used to examine the effect of FOXP1 plasmid DNA or siRNA transfection on KRAS and PTEN expression in Ishikawa cells (well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma), HEC-50B cells (poorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma), and T HESCs, respectively. FOXP1 was expressed in normal and malignant endometrium, but the rate of expression was different depending upon menstrual cycle and pathological grade of malignancy. FOXP1 expression in nucleus and cytoplasm of grade 3 endometrioid cancers was significantly lower than that of grade 1 and 2 ones. Estradiol increased levels of FOXP1 and KRAS expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in T HESCs cells, and FOXP1 transfection or knockdown led to increase or decrease of KRAS expression but not PTEN. KRAS expression level was significantly related to FOXP1 and ERα levels in cancer tissues. Estradiol did not affect KRAS expression in T HESCs cells transfected with FOXP1 siRNA. These results suggest that FOXP1 is involved in estrogen dependent endometrial cancers through KRAS pathway.
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33
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Ferreiro JF, Morscio J, Dierickx D, Vandenberghe P, Gheysens O, Verhoef G, Zamani M, Tousseyn T, Wlodarska I. EBV-Positive and EBV-Negative Posttransplant Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas Have Distinct Genomic and Transcriptomic Features. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:414-25. [PMID: 26780579 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of posttransplant diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PT-DLBCL) is largely unknown. We have recently shown that Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV(+)) and -negative (EBV(-)) PT-DLBCL have distinct gene expression profiles, and the transcriptomic profile of EBV(-) PT-DLBCL is similar to that of DLBCL in immunocompetent individuals (IC-DLBCL). To validate these observations at the genomic level, we performed array-comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) analysis of 21 EBV(+) PT-DLBCL, 6 EBV(-) PT-DLBCL, and 11 control IC-DLBCL, and subsequently combined genomic and transcriptomic data. The analysis showed that EBV(+) and EBV(-) PT-DLBCL have distinct aCGH profiles and shared only one recurrent imbalance. EBV(-) PT-DLBCL, however, displayed at least 10 aberrations recurrent in IC-DLBCL, among which characteristic gain of 3/3q and 18q, and loss of 6q23/TNFAIP3 as well as 9p21/CDKN2A. The most prevalent aberration in EBV(+) PT-DLBCL was gain/amplification of 9p24.1 targeting PDCD1LG2/PDL2. Our data indicate that the FOXP1 oncogene and the tumor suppressor CDKNA2 implicated in EBV(-) DLBCL, do not play a critical role in the pathogenesis of EBV(+) PT-DLBCL. Altogether, genomic profiling of PT-/IC-DLBCL confirms that EBV(-) and EBV(+) PT-DLBCL are distinct entities, while EBV(-) PT-DLBCL has features in common with IC-DLBCL. These findings support the hypothesis that EBV(-) PT-DLBCL are de novo lymphomas in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Morscio
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research KU Leuven, Department of Pathology UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Dierickx
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - O Gheysens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Verhoef
- Department of Hematology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Zamani
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Tousseyn
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research KU Leuven, Department of Pathology UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Wlodarska
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Subtype-specific addiction of the activated B-cell subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to FOXP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E577-86. [PMID: 26787899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524677113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of the forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) transcription factor distinguishes the aggressive activated B cell (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype from the better prognosis germinal center B-cell (GCB)-DLBCL subtype and is highly correlated with poor outcomes. A genetic or functional role for FOXP1 in lymphomagenesis, however, remains unknown. Here, we report that sustained FOXP1 expression is vital for ABC-DLBCL cell-line survival. Genome-wide analyses revealed direct and indirect FOXP1 transcriptional enforcement of ABC-DLBCL hallmarks, including the classical NF-κB and MYD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88) pathways. FOXP1 promoted gene expression underlying transition of the GCB cell to the plasmablast--the transient B-cell stage targeted in ABC-DLBCL transformation--by antagonizing pathways distinctive of GCB-DLBCL, including that of the GCB "master regulator," BCL6 (B-cell lymphoma 6). Cell-line derived FOXP1 target genes that were highly correlated with FOXP1 expression in primary DLBCL accurately segregated the corresponding clinical subtypes of a large cohort of primary DLBCL isolates and identified conserved pathways associated with ABC-DLBCL pathology.
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35
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The hematopoietic oncoprotein FOXP1 promotes tumor cell survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by repressing S1PR2 signaling. Blood 2016; 127:1438-48. [PMID: 26729899 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-662635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the oncogenic transcription factor forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) is a common feature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We have combined chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling after FOXP1 depletion with functional screening to identify targets of FOXP1 contributing to tumor cell survival. We find that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) is repressed by FOXP1 in activated B-cell (ABC) and germinal center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL cell lines with aberrantly high FOXP1 levels; S1PR2 expression is further inversely correlated with FOXP1 expression in 3 patient cohorts. Ectopic expression of wild-type S1PR2, but not a point mutant incapable of activating downstream signaling pathways, induces apoptosis in DLBCL cells and restricts tumor growth in subcutaneous and orthotopic models of the disease. The proapoptotic effects of S1PR2 are phenocopied by ectopic expression of the small G protein Gα13 but are independent of AKT signaling. We further show that low S1PR2 expression is a strong negative prognosticator of patient survival, alone and especially in combination with high FOXP1 expression. The S1PR2 locus has previously been demonstrated to be recurrently mutated in GCB DLBCL; the transcriptional silencing of S1PR2 by FOXP1 represents an alternative mechanism leading to inactivation of this important hematopoietic tumor suppressor.
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36
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Sugimoto Y, Sada A, Shimokariya Y, Monma F, Ohishi K, Masuya M, Nobori T, Matsui T, Katayama N. A novel FOXP1-PDGFRA fusion gene in myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:508-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Deng L, Xu-Monette ZY, Loghavi S, Manyam GC, Xia Y, Visco C, Huh J, Zhang L, Zhai Q, Wang Y, Qiu L, Dybkær K, Chiu A, Perry AM, Zhang S, Tzankov A, Rao H, Abramson J, Sohani AR, Xu M, Hsi ED, Zhu J, Ponzoni M, Wang S, Li L, Zhang M, Ferreri AJM, Parsons BM, Li Y, Piris MA, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma displays distinct clinical and biological features for treatment failure in rituximab era: a report from the International PTL Consortium. Leukemia 2015; 30:361-72. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is a distinct clinical-pathological entity that can be distinguished from other lymphomas by a number of unique features, including their location in various extranodal sites, being preceded by chronic inflammatory or infection processes; a characteristic histopathological picture; and the presence of exclusive chromosomal translocations which increase MALT1 proteolytic activity to promote constitutive NF-κB signaling and eventually drive lymphomagenesis. RECENT FINDINGS This review explores the major molecular and cellular events that participate in MALT lymphoma pathogenesis, focusing on gastric MALT lymphoma as a model of chronic inflammation-induced tumor development. In addition, the pivotal roles of activated MALT1 protease, its substrate TNFAIP3/A20, and the MyD88 adaptor protein in abnormally triggering downstream NF-κB pathway are overviewed. These new insights provide a mechanistic basis for using novel therapies targeting MALT1 protease or IRAK4 kinase activities. Finally, the putative cellular origin of MALT lymphomas is also discussed. SUMMARY Over the last decade, unraveling the biological complexity of MALT lymphomas has shed light on the fundamental cellular and molecular aspects of the disease that are to be translated into clinical diagnostics and therapy.
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Zhao J, Li H, Zhou R, Ma G, Dekker JD, Tucker HO, Yao Z, Guo X. Foxp1 Regulates the Proliferation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress during Hair Cycling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131674. [PMID: 26171970 PMCID: PMC4501748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bugle circularly generate outer root sheath (ORS) through linear proliferation within limited cycles during anagen phases. However, the mechanisms controlling the pace of HFSC proliferation remain unclear. Here we revealed that Foxp1, a transcriptional factor, was dynamically relocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of HFSCs in phase transitions from anagen to catagen, coupled with the rise of oxidative stress. Mass spectrum analyses revealed that the S468 phosphorylation of Foxp1 protein was responsive to oxidative stress and affected its nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Foxp1 deficiency in hair follicles led to compromised ROS accrual and increased HFSC proliferation. And more, NAC treatment profoundly elongated the anagen duration and HFSC proliferation in Foxp1-deficient background. Molecularly, Foxp1 augmented ROS levels through suppression of Trx1-mediated reductive function, thereafter imposing the cell cycle arrest by modulating the activity of p19/p53 pathway. Our findings identify a novel role for Foxp1 in controlling HFSC proliferation with cellular dynamic location in response to oxidative stress during hair cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rujiang Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Joseph D. Dekker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haley O. Tucker
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zhengju Yao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- * E-mail:
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Ackermann S, Kocak H, Hero B, Ehemann V, Kahlert Y, Oberthuer A, Roels F, Theißen J, Odenthal M, Berthold F, Fischer M. FOXP1 inhibits cell growth and attenuates tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:840. [PMID: 25406647 PMCID: PMC4251948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Segmental genomic copy number alterations, such as loss of 11q or 3p and gain of 17q, are well established markers of poor outcome in neuroblastoma, and have been suggested to comprise tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, respectively. The gene forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) maps to chromosome 3p14.1, a tumor suppressor locus deleted in many human cancers including neuroblastoma. FoxP1 belongs to a family of winged-helix transcription factors that are involved in processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic transformation. METHODS Microarray expression profiles of 476 neuroblastoma specimens were generated and genes differentially expressed between favorable and unfavorable neuroblastoma were identified. FOXP1 expression was correlated to clinical markers and patient outcome. To determine whether hypermethylation is involved in silencing of FOXP1, methylation analysis of the 5' region of FOXP1 in 47 neuroblastomas was performed. Furthermore, FOXP1 was re-expressed in three neuroblastoma cell lines to study the effect of FOXP1 on growth characteristics of neuroblastoma cells. RESULTS Low expression of FOXP1 is associated with markers of unfavorable prognosis like stage 4, age >18 months and MYCN amplification and unfavorable gene expression-based classification (P < 0.001 each). Moreover, FOXP1 expression predicts patient outcome accurately and independently from well-established prognostic markers. Array-based CGH analysis of 159 neuroblastomas revealed that heterozygous loss of the FOXP1 locus was a rare event (n = 4), but if present, was associated with low FOXP1 expression. By contrast, DNA methylation analysis in 47 neuroblastomas indicated that hypermethylation is not regularly involved in FOXP1 gene silencing. Re-expression of FoxP1 significantly impaired cell proliferation, viability and colony formation in soft agar. Furthermore, induction of FOXP1 expression led to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death of neuroblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that down-regulation of FOXP1 expression is a common event in high-risk neuroblastoma pathogenesis and may contribute to tumor progression and unfavorable patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ackermann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne 50924, Germany.
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Nagel S, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. Deregulated FOX genes in Hodgkin lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:917-33. [PMID: 25043849 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
FOX genes encode transcription factors which regulate basic developmental processes during embryogenesis and in the adult. Several FOX genes show deregulated expression in particular malignancies, representing oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we screened six Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cell lines for FOX gene activity by comparative microarray profiling, revealing overexpression of FOXC1 and FOXD1, and reduced transcription of FOXN3, FOXO1, and FOXP1. In silico expression analyses of these FOX gene candidates in HL patient samples supported the cell line data. Chromosomal analyses demonstrated an amplification of the FOXC1 locus at 6p25 and a gain of the FOXR2 locus at Xp11, indicting genomic aberrations for their upregulation. Comparative expression profiling and ensuing stimulation experiments revealed implementation of the TGFβ- and WNT-signaling pathways in deregulation of FOXD1 and FOXN3. Functional analysis of FOXP1 implicated miR9 and miR34a as upstream regulators and PAX5, TCF3, and RAG2 as downstream targets. A similar exercise for FOXC1 revealed repression of MSX1 and activation of IPO7, both mediating inhibition of the B-cell specific homeobox gene ZHX2. Taken together, our data show that aberrantly expressed FOX genes and their downstream targets are involved in the pathogenesis of HL via deregulation of B-cell differentiation and may represent useful diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Qin Y, Gong W, Zhang M, Wang J, Tang Z, Quan Z. Forkhead box L1 is frequently downregulated in gallbladder cancer and inhibits cell growth through apoptosis induction by mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102084. [PMID: 25010679 PMCID: PMC4092092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Forkhead box L1 (FOXL1), considered as a novel candidate tumor suppressor, suppresses proliferation and invasion in certain cancers. However, the regulation and function of FOXL1 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. Methods FOXL1 expression at mRNA and protein levels in GBC tissues and cell lines were examined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. FOXL1 expression in GBC cell lines was up-regulated by transfection with pcDNA-FOXL1. The effects of FOXL1 overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were evaluated in vitro or in vivo. In addition, the status of mediators involved in migration, invasion and apoptosis was examined using western blot after transfection with pcDNA-FOXL1. Results FOXL1 was frequently downregulated in GBC tissues and cell lines. Its higher expression is associated with better prognosis, while its lower expression is correlated with advanced TNM stage and poor differentiation. FOXL1 overexpression in NOZ cells significantly suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in nude mice. FOXL1 overexpression disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential and triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in NOZ cells. In addition, FOXL1 overexpression suppressed ZEB1 expression and induced E-cadherin expression in NOZ cells. Conclusion Our findings suggested that dysregulated FOXL1 is involved in tumorigenesis and progression of GBC and may serve as a predictor of clinical outcome or even a therapeutic target for patients with GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JDW); (ZWQ)
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JDW); (ZWQ)
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Immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics with prognostic significance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98169. [PMID: 24887414 PMCID: PMC4041883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with marked biologic heterogeneity. We analyzed 100 cases of DLBCL to evaluate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers derived from the gene expression profiling-defined cell origin signature, including MYC, BCL2, BCL6, and FOXP1 protein expression. We also investigated genetic alterations in BCL2, BCL6, MYC and FOXP1 using fluorescence in situ hybridization and assessed their prognostic significance. BCL6 rearrangements were detected in 29% of cases, and BCL6 gene alteration (rearrangement and/or amplification) was associated with the non-germinal center B subtype (non-GCB). BCL2 translocation was associated with the GCB phenotype, and BCL2 protein expression was associated with the translocation and/or amplification of 18q21. MYC rearrangements were detected in 15% of cases, and MYC protein expression was observed in 29% of cases. FOXP1 expression, mainly of the non-GCB subtype, was demonstrated in 37% of cases. Co-expression of the MYC and BCL2 proteins, with non-GCB subtype predominance, was observed in 21% of cases. We detected an association between high FOXP1 expression and a high proliferation rate as well as a significant positive correlation between MYC overexpression and FOXP1 overexpression. MYC, BCL2 and FOXP1 expression were significant predictors of overall survival. The co-expression of MYC and BCL2 confers a poorer clinical outcome than MYC or BCL2 expression alone, whereas cases negative for both markers had the best outcomes. Our study confirms that DLBCL, characterized by the co-expression of MYC and BCL2 proteins, has a poor prognosis and establishes a significant positive correlation with MYC and FOXP1 over-expression in this entity.
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Xue L, Yue S, Zhang J. FOXP1 has a low expression in human gliomas and its overexpression inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of human glioma U251 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:467-72. [PMID: 24789678 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics of forkhead box protein P1 (FoxP1) in gliomas and its role in the proliferation, invasiveness, migration and apoptosis of the human glioma U251 cell line. The expression levels of FOXP1 were first studied in operation resection specimens of glioma and normal peripheral brain tissues. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector of FOXP1 was prepared and transfected into U251 cells. MTT, cell invasion, transwell and scratch assays were utilized to investigate the cell growth activity and the rate of apoptosis of the cells was tested by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were employed to measure the transfection efficacy. The results revealed that FOXP1 was highly expressed in glioma, as compared with low levels detected in normal brain tissues. Following transfection with pEGFP-N1-FOXP1, the proliferation, invasiveness and migration capabilities of cells significantly decreased, whilst the rate of apoptosis was markedly enhanced (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of FOXP1 in U251 cells was enhanced (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present study indicated that FOXP1 is closely associated with tumorigenesis and development of glioma, as demonstrated by a reduction in the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells upon FOCP1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shuyuan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Rouhigharabaei L, Finalet Ferreiro J, Tousseyn T, van der Krogt JA, Put N, Haralambieva E, Graux C, Maes B, Vicente C, Vandenberghe P, Cools J, Wlodarska I. Non-IG aberrations of FOXP1 in B-cell malignancies lead to an aberrant expression of N-truncated isoforms of FOXP1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85851. [PMID: 24416450 PMCID: PMC3887110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXP1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas through chromosomal translocations involving either immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus or non-IG sequences. The former translocation, t(3;14)(p13;q32), results in dysregulated expression of FOXP1 juxtaposed with strong regulatory elements of IGH. Thus far, molecular consequences of rare non-IG aberrations of FOXP1 remain undetermined. Here, using molecular cytogenetics and molecular biology studies, we comprehensively analyzed four lymphoma cases with non-IG rearrangements of FOXP1 and compared these with cases harboring t(3;14)(p13;q32)/IGH-FOXP1 and FOXP1-expressing lymphomas with no apparent structural aberrations of the gene. Our study revealed that non-IG rearrangements of FOXP1 are usually acquired during clinical course of various lymphoma subtypes, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and correlate with a poor prognosis. Importantly, these aberrations constantly target the coding region of FOXP1, promiscuously fusing with coding and non-coding gene sequences at various reciprocal breakpoints (2q36, 10q24 and 3q11). The non-IG rearrangements of FOXP1, however, do not generate functional chimeric genes but commonly disrupt the full-length FOXP1 transcript leading to an aberrant expression of N-truncated FOXP1 isoforms (FOXP1(NT)), as shown by QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In contrast, t(3;14)(p13;q32)/IGH-FOXP1 affects the 5' untranslated region of FOXP1 and results in overexpress the full-length FOXP1 protein (FOXP1(FL)). RNA-sequencing of a few lymphoma cases expressing FOXP1(NT) and FOXP1(FL) detected neither FOXP1-related fusions nor FOXP1 mutations. Further bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data retrieved a set of genes, which may comprise direct or non-direct targets of FOXP1(NT), potentially implicated in disease progression. In summary, our findings point to a dual mechanism through which FOXP1 is implicated in B-cell lymphomagenesis. We hypothesize that the primary t(3;14)(p13;q32)/IGH-FOXP1 activates expression of the FOXP1(FL) protein with potent oncogenic activity, whereas the secondary non-IG rearrangements of FOXP1 promote expression of the FOXP1(NT) proteins, likely driving progression of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research KU Leuven, Department of Pathology UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Natalie Put
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Carlos Graux
- Mont-Godinne University Hospital, Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | - Carmen Vicente
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Cools
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iwona Wlodarska
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Wong KK, Gascoyne DM, Brown PJ, Soilleux EJ, Snell C, Chen H, Lyne L, Lawrie CH, Gascoyne RD, Pedersen LM, Møller MB, Pulford K, Murphy D, Green TM, Banham AH. Reciprocal expression of the endocytic protein HIP1R and its repressor FOXP1 predicts outcome in R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Leukemia 2013; 28:362-72. [PMID: 23884370 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified autoantibodies to the endocytic-associated protein Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (HIP1R) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. HIP1R regulates internalization of cell surface receptors via endocytosis, a process relevant to many therapeutic strategies including CD20 targeting with rituximab. In this study, we characterized HIP1R expression patterns, investigated a mechanism of transcriptional regulation and its clinical relevance in DLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, R-CHOP). HIP1R was preferentially expressed in germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (P<0.0001) and inversely correlated with the activated B-cell-like DLBCL (ABC-DLBCL) associated transcription factor, Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1). HIP1R was confirmed as a direct FOXP1 target gene in ABC-DLBCL by FOXP1-targeted silencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Lower HIP1R protein expression (≤ 10% tumoral positivity) significantly correlated with inferior overall survival (OS, P=0.0003) and progression-free survival (PFS, P=0.0148) in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL patients (n=157). Reciprocal expression with ≥ 70% FOXP1 positivity defined FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) patients with particularly poor outcome (OS, P=0.0001; PFS, P=0.0016). In an independent R-CHOP-treated DLBCL (n=233) microarray data set, patients with transcript expression in lower quartile HIP1R and FOXP1(hi)/HIP1R(lo) subgroups exhibited worse OS, P=0.0044 and P=0.0004, respectively. HIP1R repression by FOXP1 is strongly associated with poor outcome, thus further understanding of FOXP1-HIP1R and/or endocytic signaling pathways might give rise to novel therapeutic options for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Wong
- 1] NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK [2] Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - D M Gascoyne
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Brown
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E J Soilleux
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C Snell
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - H Chen
- Centre for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Lyne
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C H Lawrie
- 1] NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK [2] Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain [3] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - R D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L M Pedersen
- Department of Haematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M B Møller
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - K Pulford
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D Murphy
- 1] Centre for Human Proteomics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland [2] School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - T M Green
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A H Banham
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
B-cell maturation and germinal center (GC) formation are dependent on the interplay between BCL6 and other transcriptional regulators. FOXP1 is a transcription factor that regulates early B-cell development, but whether it plays a role in mature B cells is unknown. Analysis of human tonsillar B-cell subpopulations revealed that FOXP1 shows the opposite expression pattern to BCL6, suggesting that FOXP1 regulates the transition from resting follicular B cell to activated GC B cell. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip and gene expression assays on B cells indicated that FOXP1 acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor of genes involved in the GC reaction, half of which are also BCL6 targets. To study FOXP1 function in vivo, we developed transgenic mice expressing human FOXP1 in lymphoid cells. These mice exhibited irregular formation of splenic GCs, showing a modest increase in naïve and marginal-zone B cells and a significant decrease in GC B cells. Furthermore, aberrant expression of FOXP1 impaired transcription of noncoding γ1 germline transcripts and inhibited efficient class switching to the immunoglobulin G1 isotype. These studies show that FOXP1 is physiologically downregulated in GC B cells and that aberrant expression of FOXP1 impairs mechanisms triggered by B-cell activation, potentially contributing to B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Kuper-Hommel MJJ, Schreuder MI, Gemmink AH, van Krieken JHJM. T(14;18)(q32;q21) involving MALT1 and IGH genes occurs in extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the breast and testis. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:421-7. [PMID: 23018871 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary B-cell lymphoma of the testis, breast and thyroid are rare and data concerning cytogenetic aberrations at these extranodal sites are scarce. We examined the presence of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma-associated translocations, t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(3;14)(p14.1;q32) and numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 3, 12 and 18 by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 6 extranodal marginal zone lymphomas and 24 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with (n=9) or without (n=15) marginal zone lymphoma components, with primary localizations in the breast (n=15), testis (n=9) and thyroid (n=6). We found t(14;18)(q32;q21), with breakpoints in IGH and MALT1, in one testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in two diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the breast. No other translocations, amplifications or deletions involving IGH, BCL-10, BCL-2, MALT1 and IAP2 were detected. Numerical aberrations occurred in 67% of the lymphomas, 67% of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas, 56% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with marginal zone lymphoma components and in 73% of 'de novo' diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. These included 78% of testis, 67% of thyroid and 60% of breast lymphomas, and included mainly trisomy 18 (n=16), trisomy 3 (n=8) and trisomy 1 (n=3). One testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma harbored both t(14;18)(q32;q21) and trisomy 3. Our results indicate that at least a few cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the testis and the breast belong to the spectrum of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Palumbo O, D'Agruma L, Minenna AF, Palumbo P, Stallone R, Palladino T, Zelante L, Carella M. 3p14.1 de novo microdeletion involving the FOXP1 gene in an adult patient with autism, severe speech delay and deficit of motor coordination. Gene 2012; 516:107-13. [PMID: 23287644 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletion of chromosome region 3p14.1, including FOXP1 gene, is relatively rare and, until recently, there were no strong evidences to support the hypothesis that this microdeletion could play a role in the etiology of genomic disorders. Here, we report on an adult patient with a recognizable phenotype of autism, severe speech delay, deficit of motor coordination and typical dysmorphic features. Analysis of a dense whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array showed a 1Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome region 3p14.1 including the entire coding region of FOXP1 (MIM 605515) gene. In order to study the parental origin of the deletion, we analyzed selected SNPs in the deleted area in the proband and his parents showing Mendelian incompatibilities suggesting a de novo deletion on the chromosome of paternal origin. Despite the frequency of this genomic alteration has not been estimated, our patient confirm the hypothesis that microdeletion of 3p14.1 seems to be a rare cause of cognitive disorders and that haploinsufficiency of FOXP1 may play a role in neurological and language deficits in patients carrying a 3p14.1 deletion. Finally, our patient is also important because useful to further delineate the clinical spectrum secondary to the 3p14.1 microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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