1
|
Chiu H, Weinstein KN, Spath S, Hu A, Varela S, Obata-Ninomiya K, Ziegler SF. SKI Regulates Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation to Control Peripheral T Cell Responses in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:52-62. [PMID: 38767415 PMCID: PMC11182718 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is an important site for the establishment of an appropriate immune response through positive and negative selection of developing T cells. During selection, developing T cells interact with cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs), termed cTECs and mTECs, respectively. Using a Foxn1Cre+/-SKIfl/fl mouse model, we found that TEC-specific deletion of SKI reduced the mTEC compartment in the thymus and that tissue-restricted Ag expression in mTECs was altered. This decrease in the medullary area led to a decrease in CD4 thymocyte cellularity; however, mature CD4 cellularity in the spleen remained normal. Interestingly, naive CD4 T cells purified from SKI-deleted mice showed a defect in proliferation in vitro after global TCR stimulation, and these mice were significantly protected from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with the control mice. Overall, our findings suggest that SKI signaling in the thymus regulates mTEC differentiation and function as well as downstream peripheral T cell responses and provide evidence for targeting SKI in T cell-driven autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Choosing the source of healthy controls for studies on myeloid malignancies: all bone marrow cells are created equal, but some are more equal than others. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:36. [PMID: 36882822 PMCID: PMC9993599 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow samples from discarded femoral heads are often used as healthy controls in studies investigating the in vitro characteristics of cells from patients with hematologic malignancies. Since patient samples are usually derived from iliac crest aspirates, this carries the risk that the properties of the cells from both sources might be different due to the site and method of harvesting. Comparing BM cells from iliac crest aspirates and femoral heads from age-matched healthy donors, we show that, while mesenchymal stromal cells have indistinguishable properties between both sources, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from femoral heads show a considerable proliferative advantage in vitro. These data therefore suggest that experiments comparing leukemic cells from the iliac crest to healthy HSPC obtained from femoral heads should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Zhou X, Guo Z, Huang N, Li J, Lv Y, Han L, Zheng W, Xu D, Chai D, Li H, Li L, Zheng J. The Anti-fibrosis drug Pirfenidone modifies the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and prevents the progression of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting tumor autocrine TGF-β. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:150-162. [PMID: 35130111 PMCID: PMC8824226 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2035629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a critical role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2(1 H)-pyridone, PFD), an approved drug for treating pulmonary and renal fibrosis, is a potent TGF-β inhibitor and found reduced incidence of lung cancer and alleviated renal function decline. However, whether PFD plays a role in controlling renal cancer progression is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that high TGF-β1 expression was negatively associated with ten-year overall survival of patients with renal cancer. Functionally, blockade of TGF-β signaling with PFD significantly suppressed the progression of renal cancer in a murine model. Mechanistically, we revealed that PFD significantly decreased the expression and secretion of TGF-β both in vitro and in vivo tumor mouse model, which further prevented TGF-β-induced EMT and thus cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Importantly, the downregulation of TGF-β upon PFD treatment shaped the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by limiting the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating MDSCs. Therefore, our study demonstrated that PFD prevents renal cancer progression by inhibiting TGF-β production of cancer cells and downstream signaling pathway, which might be presented as a therapeutic adjuvant for renal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowan Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengli Guo
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Lv
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hess L, Moos V, Lauber AA, Reiter W, Schuster M, Hartl N, Lackner D, Boenke T, Koren A, Guzzardo PM, Gundacker B, Riegler A, Vician P, Miccolo C, Leiter S, Chandrasekharan MB, Vcelkova T, Tanzer A, Jun JQ, Bradner J, Brosch G, Hartl M, Bock C, Bürckstümmer T, Kubicek S, Chiocca S, Bhaskara S, Seiser C. A toolbox for class I HDACs reveals isoform specific roles in gene regulation and protein acetylation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010376. [PMID: 35994477 PMCID: PMC9436093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The class I histone deacetylases are essential regulators of cell fate decisions in health and disease. While pan- and class-specific HDAC inhibitors are available, these drugs do not allow a comprehensive understanding of individual HDAC function, or the therapeutic potential of isoform-specific targeting. To systematically compare the impact of individual catalytic functions of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, we generated human HAP1 cell lines expressing catalytically inactive HDAC enzymes. Using this genetic toolbox we compare the effect of individual HDAC inhibition with the effects of class I specific inhibitors on cell viability, protein acetylation and gene expression. Individual inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 has only mild effects on cell viability, while HDAC3 inactivation or loss results in DNA damage and apoptosis. Inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2 led to increased acetylation of components of the COREST co-repressor complex, reduced deacetylase activity associated with this complex and derepression of neuronal genes. HDAC3 controls the acetylation of nuclear hormone receptor associated proteins and the expression of nuclear hormone receptor regulated genes. Acetylation of specific histone acetyltransferases and HDACs is sensitive to inactivation of HDAC1/HDAC2. Over a wide range of assays, we determined that in particular HDAC1 or HDAC2 catalytic inactivation mimics class I specific HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, we further demonstrate that catalytic inactivation of HDAC1 or HDAC2 sensitizes cells to specific cancer drugs. In summary, our systematic study revealed isoform-specific roles of HDAC1/2/3 catalytic functions. We suggest that targeted genetic inactivation of particular isoforms effectively mimics pharmacological HDAC inhibition allowing the identification of relevant HDACs as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hess
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Moos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnel A. Lauber
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Reiter
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natascha Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thorina Boenke
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Koren
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Brigitte Gundacker
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Riegler
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Vician
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Miccolo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Leiter
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahesh B. Chandrasekharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Terezia Vcelkova
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Tanzer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jun Qi Jun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Bradner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Srividya Bhaskara
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christian Seiser
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liao HY, Da CM, Wu ZL, Zhang HH. Ski: Double roles in cancers. Clin Biochem 2020; 87:1-12. [PMID: 33188772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays a dual role as an oncoprotein and tumor suppressor gene in the development of human cancer. The Ski oncogene was first identified as a transforming protein of the avian Sloan-Kettering retrovirus in 1986. Since its discovery, Ski has been identified as a carcinogenic regulator in a variety of malignant tumors. Later, it was reported that Ski regulates the occurrence and development of some cancers by acting as an oncogene. Ski mediates the proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of numerous cancer cells through various mechanisms. Several studies have shown that Ski expression is correlated with the clinical characteristics of cancer patients and is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and potential clinical implications of Ski in dimorphism, cancer occurrence, and progression in various types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chao-Ming Da
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zuo-Long Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu J, Wu X, Wang L, Li T, Sun L. Long noncoding RNA LINC00467 facilitates the progression of acute myeloid leukemia by targeting the miR-339/SKI pathway. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:428-437. [PMID: 33054480 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1832667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the development and progression of many diseases. It has been reported that lncRNA LINC00467 is disregulated in multiple tumors, while its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown. Here, we find that LINC00467 expression is significantly increased in AML specimens and cell lines. Further investigations show that knockdown of LINC00467 inhibits the malignant phenotypes of AML cells. Consistently, LINC00467 knockdown slows AML progression in immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, microRNA-339 (miR-339) is upregulated and its target gene SKI, an oncogene, is downregulated in AML cells after LINC00467 knockdown. More importantly, inhibition of miR-339 can largely abolish the effect of LINC00467 knockdown on AML cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that LINC00467 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AML by targeting the miR-339/SKI pathway, which provides a new sight for the subsequent treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qingdao Binhai University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Tantan Li
- Department of Hematology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li P, Wang QS, Zhai Y, Xiong RP, Chen X, Liu P, Peng Y, Zhao Y, Ning YL, Yang N, Zhou YG. Ski mediates TGF-β1-induced fibrosarcoma cell proliferation and promotes tumor growth. J Cancer 2020; 11:5929-5940. [PMID: 32922535 PMCID: PMC7477421 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: TGF-β1 promotes cell proliferation in only some tumors and exerts bidirectional regulatory effects on the proliferation of fibroblasts. This study intends to explore whether the mechanism is related to increased expression of Ski. Methods: Cell proliferation of the fibrosarcoma cell line L929 was assessed with an ELISA BrdU kit. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the corresponding factors were measured by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry or Western blotting in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, c-Ski was knocked down using RNAi. The expression of Ski in human dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) specimens was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results: TGF-β1 promoted the continued proliferation of L929 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with increased c-Ski expression levels. Conversely, inhibition of c-Ski significantly abrogated this unidirectional effect, significantly inhibited the decrease in p21 protein levels and did not affect the increase in p-Smad2/3 levels upon TGF-β1 treatment. Similarly, inhibition of c-Ski significantly abrogated the growth-promoting effect of TGF-β1 on xenograft tumors. Furthermore, we found that high expression of Ski in DFSP was correlated with a low degree of tumor differentiation. Conclusions: Our data reveal that high c-Ski expression is a cause of TGF-β1-promoted proliferation in fibrosarcoma tumor cells and show that inhibiting Ski expression might be effective for treating tumors with high Ski levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ping Xiong
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lei Ning
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leonards K, Almosailleakh M, Tauchmann S, Bagger FO, Thirant C, Juge S, Bock T, Méreau H, Bezerra MF, Tzankov A, Ivanek R, Losson R, Peters AHFM, Mercher T, Schwaller J. Nuclear interacting SET domain protein 1 inactivation impairs GATA1-regulated erythroid differentiation and causes erythroleukemia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2807. [PMID: 32533074 PMCID: PMC7293310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) is recurrently mutated in human cancers including acute leukemia. We show that NSD1 knockdown alters erythroid clonogenic growth of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Ablation of Nsd1 in the hematopoietic system of mice induces a transplantable erythroleukemia. In vitro differentiation of Nsd1−/− erythroblasts is majorly impaired despite abundant expression of GATA1, the transcriptional master regulator of erythropoiesis, and associated with an impaired activation of GATA1-induced targets. Retroviral expression of wildtype NSD1, but not a catalytically-inactive NSD1N1918Q SET-domain mutant induces terminal maturation of Nsd1−/− erythroblasts. Despite similar GATA1 protein levels, exogenous NSD1 but not NSDN1918Q significantly increases the occupancy of GATA1 at target genes and their expression. Notably, exogenous NSD1 reduces the association of GATA1 with the co-repressor SKI, and knockdown of SKI induces differentiation of Nsd1−/− erythroblasts. Collectively, we identify the NSD1 methyltransferase as a regulator of GATA1-controlled erythroid differentiation and leukemogenesis. Loss of function mutations of NSD1 occur in blood cancers. Here, the authors report that NSD1 loss blocks erythroid differentiation which leads to an erythroleukemia-like disease in mice by impairing GATA1-induced target gene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leonards
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marwa Almosailleakh
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Tauchmann
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinfomatics, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Genomic Medicine, Righospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cécile Thirant
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Sabine Juge
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Méreau
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matheus F Bezerra
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinfomatics, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Régine Losson
- Institute de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (I.G.B.M.C.), CNRS/INSERM Université de Strasbourg, BP10142, 67404, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Antoine H F M Peters
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cappelli C, Sepulveda H, Rivas S, Pola V, Urzúa U, Donoso G, Sagredo E, Carrero D, Casanova-Ortiz E, Sagredo A, González M, Manterola M, Nardocci G, Armisén R, Montecino M, Marcelain K. Ski Is Required for Tri-Methylation of H3K9 in Major Satellite and for Repression of Pericentromeric Genes: Mmp3, Mmp10 and Mmp13, in Mouse Fibroblasts. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3222-3238. [PMID: 32198114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms directing a rapid transcriptional reactivation of genes immediately after mitosis have been described. However, little is known about the maintenance of repressive signals during mitosis. In this work, we address the role of Ski in the repression of gene expression during M/G1 transition in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that Ski localises as a distinct pair of dots at the pericentromeric region of mitotic chromosomes, and the absence of the protein is related to high acetylation and low tri-methylation of H3K9 in pericentromeric major satellite. Moreover, differential expression assays in early G1 cells showed that the presence of Ski is significantly associated with repression of genes localised nearby to pericentromeric DNA. In mitotic cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the association of Ski to major satellite and the promoters of the most repressed genes: Mmp3, Mmp10 and Mmp13. These genes are at pericentromeric region of chromosome 9. In these promoters, the presence of Ski resulted in increased H3K9 tri-methylation levels. This Ski-dependent regulation is also observed during interphase. Consequently, Mmp activity is augmented in Ski-/- MEFs. Altogether, these data indicate that association of Ski with the pericentromeric region of chromosomes during mitosis is required to maintain the silencing bookmarks of underlying chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cappelli
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Bioquimica y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hugo Sepulveda
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Solange Rivas
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Pola
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo Donoso
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Sagredo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Carrero
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Sagredo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisel González
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcia Manterola
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Montecino
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang QS, Zhai Y, Li P, Xiao HL, Zhou YG. Increased ski expression levels are associated with a higher risk and poor prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1735-1740. [PMID: 32194666 PMCID: PMC7039079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most commonly diagnosed primary mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and 30% of GISTs are associated with a high recurrence risk or metastasis. The current risk classification criteria of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network are based on tumor size, mitotic activity and localization. Investigating additional biomarkers associated with clinical risk may aid in the diagnosis of GIST and improves prediction of patient prognosis. In the present study, the value of using the expression levels of the oncoprotein ski as a prognostic predictor for GISTs was investigated. The results demonstrated that high ski expression levels were correlated with high risk and recurrence rates and indicated poor prognosis regarding median disease-free survival. Overall, the present study suggests that ski expression levels may serve as a predictor for clinical risk and prognosis of patients with GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Wang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.,Clinical Biobank, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Liang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu A, Zhang N, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, He Q, Shao X, Ying M. Post-translational modification of retinoic acid receptor alpha and its roles in tumor cell differentiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Feld C, Sahu P, Frech M, Finkernagel F, Nist A, Stiewe T, Bauer UM, Neubauer A. Combined cistrome and transcriptome analysis of SKI in AML cells identifies SKI as a co-repressor for RUNX1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:3412-3428. [PMID: 29471413 PMCID: PMC5909421 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SKI is a transcriptional co-regulator and overexpressed in various human tumors, for example in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). SKI contributes to the origin and maintenance of the leukemic phenotype. Here, we use ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis to identify the epigenetic alterations induced by SKI overexpression in AML cells. We show that approximately two thirds of differentially expressed genes are up-regulated upon SKI deletion, of which >40% harbor SKI binding sites in their proximity, primarily in enhancer regions. Gene ontology analysis reveals that many of the differentially expressed genes are annotated to hematopoietic cell differentiation and inflammatory response, corroborating our finding that SKI contributes to a myeloid differentiation block in HL60 cells. We find that SKI peaks are enriched for RUNX1 consensus motifs, particularly in up-regulated SKI targets upon SKI deletion. RUNX1 ChIP-seq displays that nearly 70% of RUNX1 binding sites overlap with SKI peaks, mainly at enhancer regions. SKI and RUNX1 occupy the same genomic sites and cooperate in gene silencing. Our work demonstrates for the first time the predominant co-repressive function of SKI in AML cells on a genome-wide scale and uncovers the transcription factor RUNX1 as an important mediator of SKI-dependent transcriptional repression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Feld
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Peeyush Sahu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ríos-López DG, Vázquez-Victorio G, Rosales-Alvarez RE, Macías-Silva M. Transcriptional cofactors Ski and SnoN are major regulators of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:15. [PMID: 29892481 PMCID: PMC5992185 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-β signaling pathway outcome relies on the control of the spatial and temporal expression of >500 genes, which depend on the functions of the Smad protein along with those of diverse modulators of this signaling pathway, such as transcriptional factors and cofactors. Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) and SnoN (Ski novel) are Smad-interacting proteins that negatively regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway by disrupting the formation of R-Smad/Smad4 complexes, as well as by inhibiting Smad association with the p300/CBP coactivators. The Ski and SnoN transcriptional cofactors recruit diverse corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress gene transcription. The TGF-β/Smad pathway and coregulators Ski and SnoN clearly regulate each other through several positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Thus, these cross-regulatory processes finely modify the TGF-β signaling outcome as they control the magnitude and duration of the TGF-β signals. As a result, any alteration in these regulatory mechanisms may lead to disease development. Therefore, the design of targeted therapies to exert tight control of the levels of negative modulators of the TGF-β pathway, such as Ski and SnoN, is critical to restore cell homeostasis under the specific pathological conditions in which these cofactors are deregulated, such as fibrosis and cancer. Proteins that repress molecular signaling through the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway offer promising targets for treating cancer and fibrosis. Marina Macías-Silva and colleagues from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City review the ways in which a pair of proteins, called Ski and SnoN, interact with downstream mediators of TGF-β to inhibit the effects of this master growth factor. Aberrant levels of Ski and SnoN have been linked to diverse range of diseases involving cell proliferation run amok, and therapies that regulate the expression of these proteins could help normalize TGF-β signaling to healthier physiological levels. For decades, drug companies have tried to target the TGF-β pathway, with limited success. Altering the activity of these repressors instead could provide a roundabout way of remedying pathogenic TGF-β activity in fibrosis and oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Diana G Ríos-López
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | | | - Reyna E Rosales-Alvarez
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frech M, Teichler S, Feld C, Bouchard C, Berberich H, Sorg K, Mernberger M, Bullinger L, Bauer UM, Neubauer A. MYB induces the expression of the oncogenic corepressor SKI in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22423-22435. [PMID: 29854289 PMCID: PMC5976475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises through clonal expansion of transformed myeloid progenitor cells. The SKI proto-oncogene is highly upregulated in different solid tumors and leukemic cells, but little is known about its transcriptional regulation during leukemogenesis. MYB is an important hematopoietic transcription factor involved in proliferation as well as differentiation and upregulated in most human acute leukemias. Here, we find that MYB protein binds within the regulatory region of the SKI gene in AML cells. Reporter gene assays using MYB binding sites present in the SKI gene locus show MYB-dependent transcriptional activation. SiRNA-mediated depletion of MYB in leukemic cell lines reveals that MYB is crucial for SKI gene expression. Consistently, we observed a positive correlation of MYB and SKI expression in leukemic cell lines and in samples of AML patients. Moreover, MYB and SKI both were downregulated by treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Strikingly, differentiation of AML cells induced by depletion of MYB is attenuated by overexpression of SKI. Our findings identify SKI as a novel MYB target gene, relevant for the MYB-induced differentiation block in leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany
| | - Sabine Teichler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany
| | - Christine Feld
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Hannah Berberich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Katharina Sorg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), School of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany.,University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg 35033, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kinugawa Y, Uehara T, Matsuda K, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima T, Hamano H, Kawa S, Higuchi K, Hosaka N, Shiozawa S, Ishigame H, Nakamura T, Maruyama Y, Nakazawa K, Nakaguro M, Sano K, Ota H. Promoter hypomethylation of SKI in autoimmune pancreatitis. Pathol Res Pract 2018. [PMID: 29534839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between methylation abnormality and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP)-a representative IgG4-related disease-has not yet been elucidated. We identified SKI might have a significant methylation abnormality in AIP through methylation array analysis using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip array, and investigated the relationship of SKI with AIP clinicopathological features. The methylation rate of SKI was assessed by quantitative SYBR green methylation-specific PCR, and the degree of SKI expression in tissue specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 10 AIP cases, 14 cases of obstructive pancreatitis area in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) without a history of AIP, and 9 normal pancreas (NP) cases. The SKI methylation ratio was significantly lower in AIP than in PDA and NP. Additionally, the immunohistochemical staining-index (SI) score for SKI was significantly higher in AIP than NP, although there was no significant difference between AIP and PDA. There was a strong negative correlation between SI score and SKI methylation ratio, and between the serum concentrations of IgG4 and the SKI methylation ratio. There was a moderate positive correlation between the serum concentrations of IgG4 and SI. SKI is thought to be an oncogene indicating that SKI hypomethylation and carcinogenesis might be linked to AIP. Furthermore, the correlation between serum concentrations of IgG4 and SKI methylation levels suggest SKI might be involved in the pathogenesis of AIP. However, the role of SKI has not been clearly elucidated. Further studies are needed to understand further the function of SKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kinugawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hamano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawa
- Internal Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kayoko Higuchi
- Department of Pathology, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Hosaka
- Department of Pathology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Koh Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization, Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Sano
- Department of Pathology, Iida Municipal Hospital, Iida, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao X, Wang XW, Zhou KS, Nan W, Guo YQ, Kou JL, Wang J, Xia YY, Zhang HH. Expression of Ski and its role in astrocyte proliferation and migration. Neuroscience 2017; 362:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Rivas S, Armisén R, Rojas DA, Maldonado E, Huerta H, Tapia JC, Espinoza J, Colombo A, Michea L, Hayman MJ, Marcelain K. The Ski Protein is Involved in the Transformation Pathway of Aurora Kinase A. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:334-43. [PMID: 26138431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic kinase Aurora A (AURKA) has been found to be overexpresed in several tumors including colorectal, breast, and hematological cancers. Overexpression of AURKA induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy and it is related with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Here we show that AURKA phosphorylates in vitro the transcripcional co-repressor Ski on aminoacids Ser326 and Ser383. Phosphorylations on these aminoacids decreased Ski protein half-life. Reduced levels of Ski resulted in centrosomes amplification and multipolar spindles formation, same as AURKA overexpressing cells. Importantly, overexpression of Ski wild type, but not S326D and S383D mutants inhibited centrosome amplification and cellular transformation induced by AURKA. Altogether, these results suggest that the Ski protein is a target in the transformation pathway mediated by the AURKA oncogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego A Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edio Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Huerta
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 8330034, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Michea
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Millenium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Hayman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Katherine Marcelain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Song L, Chen X, Gao S, Zhang C, Qu C, Wang P, Liu L. Ski modulate the characteristics of pancreatic cancer stem cells via regulating sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5461-8. [PMID: 27734340 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies shows that Ski may act as both a tumor proliferation-promoting factor and a metastatic suppressor in human pancreatic cancer and also may be a therapeutic target of integrative therapies. At present, pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor recurrence accompanied by resistance to conventional therapies. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is found to be aberrantly activated in CSCs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the role of Ski in modulating pancreatic CSCs and to examine the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In in vitro study, the results showed that enhanced Ski expression could increase the expression of pluripotency maintaining markers, such as CD24, CD44, Sox-2, and Oct-4, and also components of Shh signaling pathway, such as Shh, Ptch-1, Smo, Gli-1, and Gli-2, whereas depletion of Ski to the contrary. Then, we investigated the underlying mechanism and found that inhibiting Gli-2 expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) can decrease the effects of Ski on the maintenance of pancreatic CSCs, indicating that Ski mediates the pluripotency of pancreatic CSCs mainly through Shh pathway. The conclusion is that Ski may be an important factor in maintaining the stemness of pancreatic CSCs through modulating Shh pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Song
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
YANG HAIPING, ZHAN LEI, YANG TIANJIE, WANG LONGQIANG, LI CHANG, ZHAO JUN, LEI ZHE, LI XIANGDONG, ZHANG HONGTAO. Ski prevents TGF-β-induced EMT and cell invasion by repressing SMAD-dependent signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:87-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
21
|
Brendel C, Teichler S, Millahn A, Stiewe T, Krause M, Stabla K, Ross P, Huynh M, Illmer T, Mernberger M, Barckhausen C, Neubauer A. Oncogenic NRAS Primes Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells for Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123181. [PMID: 25901794 PMCID: PMC4406710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations are frequently found among acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML), generating a constitutively active signaling protein changing cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. We have previously shown that treatment of AML patients with high-dose cytarabine is preferentially beneficial for those harboring oncogenic RAS. On the basis of a murine AML cell culture model, we ascribed this effect to a RAS-driven, p53-dependent induction of differentiation. Hence, in this study we sought to confirm the correlation between RAS status and differentiation of primary blasts obtained from AML patients. The gene expression signature of AML blasts with oncogenic NRAS indeed corresponded to a more mature profile compared to blasts with wildtype RAS, as demonstrated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and real-time PCR analysis of myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 homolog (MEIS1) in a unique cohort of AML patients. In addition, in vitro cell culture experiments with established cell lines and a second set of primary AML cells showed that oncogenic NRAS mutations predisposed cells to cytarabine (AraC) driven differentiation. Taken together, our findings show that AML with inv(16) and NRAS mutation have a differentiation gene signature, supporting the notion that NRAS mutation may predispose leukemic cells to AraC induced differentiation. We therefore suggest that promotion of differentiation pathways by specific genetic alterations could explain the superior treatment outcome after therapy in some AML patient subgroups. Whether a differentiation gene expression status may generally predict for a superior treatment outcome in AML needs to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Teichler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Millahn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Molecular Oncology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Krause
- Molecular Oncology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Stabla
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ross
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Minh Huynh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illmer
- Medical Clinic I, University Clinic of Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Molecular Oncology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Barckhausen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, and University Clinic Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rashidian J, Le Scolan E, Ji X, Zhu Q, Mulvihill MM, Nomura D, Luo K. Ski regulates Hippo and TAZ signaling to suppress breast cancer progression. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra14. [PMID: 25670202 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ski, the transforming protein of the avian Sloan-Kettering retrovirus, inhibits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling and displays both pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic activities in human cancer. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling is likely responsible for the pro-oncogenic activity of Ski. We investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the tumor suppressor activity of Ski and found that Ski suppressed the activity of the Hippo signaling effectors TAZ and YAP to inhibit breast cancer progression. TAZ and YAP are transcriptional coactivators that can contribute to cancer by promoting proliferation, tumorigenesis, and cancer stem cell expansion. Hippo signaling activates the the Lats family of kinases, which phosphorylate TAZ and YAP, resulting in cytoplasmic retention and degradation and inhibition of their transcriptional activity. We showed that Ski interacted with multiple components of the Hippo pathway to facilitate activation of Lats2, resulting in increased phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of TAZ. Ski also promoted the degradation of a constitutively active TAZ mutant that is not phosphorylated by Lats, suggesting the existence of a Lats2-independent degradation pathway. Finally, we showed that Ski repressed the transcriptional activity of TAZ by binding to the TAZ partner TEAD and recruiting the transcriptional co-repressor NCoR1 to the TEAD-TAZ complex. Ski effectively reversed transformation and epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition in cultured breast cancer cells and metastasis in TAZ-expressing xenografted tumors. Thus, Ski inhibited the function of TAZ through multiple mechanisms in human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Rashidian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erwan Le Scolan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaodan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melinda M Mulvihill
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Johnson DE, Redner RL. An ATRActive future for differentiation therapy in AML. Blood Rev 2015; 29:263-8. [PMID: 25631637 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in acute promeylocytic leukemia (APL) has spawned numerous attempts to translate the paradigm of differentiation therapy to non-APL acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). However, the results of clinical trials have been overall disappointing. In this review we discuss the mechanism of retinoic acid signaling and the results of major clinical trials that have attempted to incorporate ATRA into AML regimens. We discuss recent evidence that indicate that the retinoic acid signaling pathway may be dysfunctional in AML. Preliminary studies suggest that targeting the pathways that modify retinoic acid receptor activity may reactivate the dormant retinoic acid-signaling pathway. Such strategies may revive the ability of ATRA to induce myeloid differentiation and apoptosis in non-APL AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Robert L Redner
- Department of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Singbrant S, Wall M, Moody J, Karlsson G, Chalk AM, Liddicoat B, Russell MR, Walkley CR, Karlsson S. The SKI proto-oncogene enhances the in vivo repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells and causes myeloproliferative disease. Haematologica 2014; 99:647-55. [PMID: 24415629 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.093971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene SKI is highly expressed in human myeloid leukemia and also in murine hematopoietic stem cells. However, its operative relevance in these cells remains elusive. We have over-expressed SKI to define its intrinsic role in hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms, which resulted in a robust competitive advantage upon transplantation, a complete dominance of the stem and progenitor compartments, and a marked enhancement of myeloid differentiation at the expense of other lineages. Accordingly, enforced expression of SKI induced a gene signature associated with hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid differentiation, as well as hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to what has generally been assumed, the significant impact of SKI on hematopoiesis is independent of its ability to inhibit TGF-beta signaling. Instead, myeloid progenitors expressing SKI are partially dependent on functional hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Collectively our results demonstrate that SKI is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell activity and its overexpression leads to myeloproliferative disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Expression and prognostic role of SKIP in human breast carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:169-80. [PMID: 24150787 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ski-interacting protein (SKIP) is a nuclear hormone receptor-interacting cofactor, interactions with the proto-oncogene Ski, appears to modulate a number of signalling pathways involved in control of cell proliferation and differentiation, and may play a critical role in oncogenesis. In the present study, to investigate the potential roles of SKIP in breast cancer, expression patterns, interaction and the correlation with clinical/prognostic factors of SKIP and Ki-67 were examined among patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed for SKIP in 85 breast carcinoma samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathological features. The univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed to determine their prognostic significance. We found that SKIP was over expressed in breast carcinoma as compared with the adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SKIP was positively associated with histological grade (P = 0.01) and Ki-67 (P = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed that SKIP expression was associated with a poor prognosis (P = 0.006). While in vitro, following release of breast cancer cell lines from serum starvation, the expression of SKIP was up-regulated, whereas p27 was down-regulated. In addition, we employed small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique to knock down SKIP expression and observed it effects on MDA-MB-231 cells growth. SKIP depletion by siRNA inhibited cell proliferation, blocked S phase and decreased cyclin A and cyclin B levels. On the basis of these results, we suggested that SKIP overexpression was involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, which might serve as a future target for breast cancer.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang L, Hou Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Tang X, Hu P, Yang J, Zeng Z, Yang G, Cui X, Liu M. c-Ski activates cancer-associated fibroblasts to regulate breast cancer cell invasion. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1116-28. [PMID: 24011664 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of c-Ski oncoprotein in some tumor cells has been shown to be associated with cancer development. However, the role of c-Ski in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of tumor microenvironment has not been characterized. In the current study, we found that c-Ski is highly expressed in CAFs derived from breast carcinoma microenvironment and this CAF-associated c-Ski expression is associated with invasion and metastasis of human breast tumors. We showed that c-Ski overexpression in immortalized breast normal fibroblasts (NFs) induces conversion to breast CAFs by repressing p53 and thereby upregulating SDF-1 in NFs. SDF-1 treatment or p53 knockdown in NFs had similar effects on the activation of NFs as c-Ski overexpression. The c-Ski-activated CAFs show increased proliferation, migration, invasion and contraction compared with NFs. Furthermore, c-Ski-activated CAFs facilitated the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that c-Ski is an important regulator in the activation of CAFs and may serve as a potential therapeutic target to block breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Experimental teaching center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guanglun Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center. Los Angeles, CA 91006, USA
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ski protein levels increase during in vitro progression of HPV16-immortalized human keratinocytes and in cervical cancer. Virology 2013; 444:100-8. [PMID: 23809940 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the levels of the Ski oncoprotein, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, in normal human keratinocytes (HKc), HPV16 immortalized HKc (HKc/HPV16), and differentiation resistant HKc/HPV16 (HKc/DR) in the absence and presence of TGF-β. Steady-state Ski protein levels increased in HKc/HPV16 and even further in HKc/DR, compared to HKc. TGF-β treatment of HKc, HKc/HPV16, and HKc/DR dramatically decreased Ski. TGF-β-induced Ski degradation was delayed in HKc/DR. Ski and phospho-Ski protein levels are cell cycle dependent with maximal Ski expression and localization to centrosomes and mitotic spindles during G2/M. ShRNA knock down of Ski in HKc/DR inhibited cell proliferation. More intense nuclear and cytoplasmic Ski staining and altered Ski localization were found in cervical cancer samples compared to adjacent normal tissue in a cervical cancer tissue array. Overall, these studies demonstrate altered Ski protein levels, degradation and localization in HPV16-transformed human keratinocytes and in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Melling MA, Friendship CRC, Shepherd TG, Drysdale TA. Expression of Ski can act as a negative feedback mechanism on retinoic acid signaling. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:604-13. [PMID: 23441061 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid signaling is essential for many aspects of early development in vertebrates. To control the levels of signaling, several retinoic acid target genes have been identified that act to suppress retinoic acid signaling in a negative feedback loop. The nuclear protein Ski has been extensively studied for its ability to suppress transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling but has also been implicated in the repression of retinoic acid signaling. RESULTS We demonstrate that ski expression is up-regulated in response to retinoic acid in both early Xenopus embryos and in human cell lines. Blocking retinoic acid signaling using a retinoic acid antagonist results in a corresponding decrease in the levels of ski mRNA. Finally, overexpression of SKI in human cells results in reduced levels of CYP26A1 mRNA, a known target of retinoic acid signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results, coupled with the known ability of Ski to repress retinoic acid signaling, demonstrate that Ski expression is a novel negative feedback mechanism acting on retinoic acid signaling.
Collapse
|
29
|
The GATA1s isoform is normally down-regulated during terminal haematopoietic differentiation and over-expression leads to failure to repress MYB, CCND2 and SKI during erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:45. [PMID: 22853316 PMCID: PMC3476960 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although GATA1 is one of the most extensively studied haematopoietic transcription factors little is currently known about the physiological functions of its naturally occurring isoforms GATA1s and GATA1FL in humans—particularly whether the isoforms have distinct roles in different lineages and whether they have non-redundant roles in haematopoietic differentiation. As well as being of general interest to understanding of haematopoiesis, GATA1 isoform biology is important for children with Down syndrome associated acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (DS-AMKL) where GATA1FL mutations are an essential driver for disease pathogenesis. Methods Human primary cells and cell lines were analyzed using GATA1 isoform specific PCR. K562 cells expressing GATA1s or GATA1FL transgenes were used to model the effects of the two isoforms on in vitro haematopoietic differentiation. Results We found no evidence for lineage specific use of GATA1 isoforms; however GATA1s transcripts, but not GATA1FL transcripts, are down-regulated during in vitro induction of terminal megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation in the cell line K562. In addition, transgenic K562-GATA1s and K562-GATA1FL cells have distinct gene expression profiles both in steady state and during terminal erythroid differentiation, with GATA1s expression characterised by lack of repression of MYB, CCND2 and SKI. Conclusions These findings support the theory that the GATA1s isoform plays a role in the maintenance of proliferative multipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor cells and must be down-regulated prior to terminal differentiation. In addition our data suggest that SKI may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of children with DS-AMKL.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ding B, Sun Y, Huang J. Overexpression of SKI oncoprotein leads to p53 degradation through regulation of MDM2 protein sumoylation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14621-30. [PMID: 22411991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.301523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protooncogene Ski was identified based on its ability to transform avian fibroblasts in vitro. In support of its oncogenic activity, SKI was found to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, although the exact molecular mechanism(s) responsible for its oncogenic activity is not fully understood. We found that SKI can negatively regulate p53 by decreasing its level through up-regulation of MDM2 activity, which is mediated by the ability of SKI to enhance sumoylation of MDM2. This stimulation of MDM2 sumoylation is accomplished through a direct interaction of SKI with SUMO-conjugating enzyme E2, Ubc9, resulting in enhanced thioester bond formation and mono-sumoylation of Ubc9. A mutant SKI defective in transformation fails to increase p53 ubiquitination and is unable to increase MDM2 levels and to increase mono-sumoylation of Ubc9, suggesting that the ability of SKI to enhance Ubc9 activity is essential for its transforming function. These results established a detailed molecular mechanism that underlies the ability of SKI to cause cellular transformation while unraveling a novel connection between sumoylation and tumorigenesis, providing potential new therapeutic targets for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schweighofer CD, Coombes KR, Barron LL, Diao L, Newman RJ, Ferrajoli A, O'Brien S, Wierda WG, Luthra R, Medeiros LJ, Keating MJ, Abruzzo LV. A two-gene signature, SKI and SLAMF1, predicts time-to-treatment in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28277. [PMID: 22194822 PMCID: PMC3237436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and validated a two-gene signature that predicts prognosis in previously-untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Using a 65 sample training set, from a cohort of 131 patients, we identified the best clinical models to predict time-to-treatment (TTT) and overall survival (OS). To identify individual genes or combinations in the training set with expression related to prognosis, we cross-validated univariate and multivariate models to predict TTT. We identified four gene sets (5, 6, 12, or 13 genes) to construct multivariate prognostic models. By optimizing each gene set on the training set, we constructed 11 models to predict the time from diagnosis to treatment. Each model also predicted OS and added value to the best clinical models. To determine which contributed the most value when added to clinical variables, we applied the Akaike Information Criterion. Two genes were consistently retained in the models with clinical variables: SKI (v-SKI avian sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) and SLAMF1 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1; CD150). We optimized a two-gene model and validated it on an independent test set of 66 samples. This two-gene model predicted prognosis better on the test set than any of the known predictors, including ZAP70 and serum β2-microglobulin.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Multivariate Analysis
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen D. Schweighofer
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Coombes
- Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn L. Barron
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel J. Newman
- Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William G. Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynne V. Abruzzo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ye F, Lemieux H, Hoppel CL, Hanson RW, Hakimi P, Croniger CM, Puchowicz M, Anderson VE, Fujioka H, Stavnezer E. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mediates a Ski oncogene-induced shift from glycolysis to oxidative energy metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40013-24. [PMID: 21917928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the Ski oncogene induces oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). However, unlike most other oncogene-transformed cells, Ski-transformed CEFs (Ski-CEFs) do not display the classical Warburg effect. On the contrary, Ski transformation reduced lactate production and glucose utilization in CEFs. Compared with CEFs, Ski-CEFs exhibited enhanced TCA cycle activity, fatty acid catabolism through β-oxidation, glutamate oxidation, oxygen consumption, as well as increased numbers and mass of mitochondria. Interestingly, expression of PPARγ, a key transcription factor that regulates adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, was dramatically elevated at both the mRNA and protein levels in Ski-CEFs. Accordingly, PPARγ target genes that are involved in lipid uptake, transport, and oxidation were also markedly up-regulated by Ski. Knocking down PPARγ in Ski-CEFs by RNA interference reversed the elevated expression of these PPARγ target genes, as well as the shift to oxidative metabolism and the increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, we found that Ski co-immunoprecipitates with PPARγ and co-activates PPARγ-driven transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate growth and differentiation. miRNAs are frequently located at cancer-specific fragile sites in the human genome, such as chromosome 7q. The nuclear oncogene SKI is up-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with -7/del7q. Here we asked whether loss of miRNAs on chromosome 7q may explain this up-regulation. miR-29a expression was found to be down-regulated in AML with -7/del7q. Forced expression of miR-29a down-regulated Ski and its target gene, Nr-CAM, whereas miR-29a inhibition induced Ski expression. Luciferase assays validated a functional binding site for miR-29a in the 3' untranslated region of SKI. Finally, in samples of AML patients, we observed an inverse correlation of Ski and miR-29a expression, respectively. In conclusion, up-regulation of Ski in AML with -7/del7q is caused by loss of miR-29a. miR-29a may therefore function as an important tumor suppressor in AML by restraining expression of the SKI oncogene.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bonnon C, Atanasoski S. c-Ski in health and disease. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:51-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
35
|
Mosquera J, Armisen R, Zhao H, Rojas DA, Maldonado E, Tapia JC, Colombo A, Hayman MJ, Marcelain K. Identification of Ski as a target for Aurora A kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:539-43. [PMID: 21600873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ski is a negative regulator of the transforming growth factor-β and other signalling pathways. The absence of SKI in mouse fibroblasts leads to chromosome segregation defects and genomic instability, suggesting a role for Ski during mitosis. At this stage, Ski is phosphorylated but to date little is known about the kinases involved in this process. Here, we show that Aurora A kinase is able to phosphorylate Ski in vitro. In vivo, Aurora A and Ski co-localized at the centrosomes and co-immunoprecipitated. Conversely, a C-terminal truncation mutant of Ski (SkiΔ491-728) lacking a coiled-coil domain, displayed decreased centrosomal localization. This mutant no longer co-immunoprecipitated with Aurora-A in vivo, but was still phosphorylated in vitro, indicating that the Ski-Aurora A interaction takes place at the centrosomes. These data identify Ski as a novel target of Aurora A and contribute to an understanding of the role of these proteins in the mitotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Mosquera
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Inoue Y, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Miyazawa K, Imamura T. Suppression of p53 activity through the cooperative action of Ski and histone deacetylase SIRT1. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6311-20. [PMID: 21149449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ski was originally identified as an oncogene based on the fact that Ski overexpression transformed chicken and quail embryo fibroblasts. Consistent with these proposed oncogenic roles, Ski is overexpressed in various human tumors. However, whether and how Ski functions in mammalian tumorigenesis has not been fully investigated. Here, we show that Ski interacts with p53 and attenuates the biological functions of p53. Ski overexpression attenuated p53-dependent transactivation, whereas Ski knockdown enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53. Interestingly, Ski bound to the histone deacetylase SIRT1 and stabilized p53-SIRT1 interaction to promote p53 deacetylation, which subsequently decreased the DNA binding activity of p53. Consistent with the ability of Ski to inactivate p53, overexpressing Ski desensitized cells to genotoxic drugs and Nutlin-3, a small-molecule antagonist of Mdm2 that stabilizes p53 and activates the p53 pathway, whereas knocking down Ski increased the cellular sensitivity to these agents. These results indicate that Ski negatively regulates p53 and suggest that the p53-Ski-SIRT1 axis is an attractive target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumichi Inoue
- Division of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nyman T, Trésaugues L, Welin M, Lehtiö L, Flodin S, Persson C, Johansson I, Hammarström M, Nordlund P. The crystal structure of the Dachshund domain of human SnoN reveals flexibility in the putative protein interaction surface. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12907. [PMID: 20957027 PMCID: PMC2944819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human SnoN is an oncoprotein that interacts with several transcription-regulatory proteins such as the histone-deacetylase, N-CoR containing co-repressor complex and Smad proteins. This study presents the crystal structure of the Dachshund homology domain of human SnoN. The structure reveals a groove composed of conserved residues with characteristic properties of a protein-interaction surface. A comparison of the 12 monomers in the asymmetric unit reveals the presence of two major conformations: an open conformation with a well accessible groove and a tight conformation with a less accessible groove. The variability in the backbone between the open and the tight conformations matches the differences seen in previously determined structures of individual Dachshund homology domains, suggesting a general plasticity within this fold family. The flexibility observed in the putative protein binding groove may enable SnoN to recognize multiple interaction partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Nyman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (TN); (PN)
| | - Lionel Trésaugues
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Welin
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanne Flodin
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Persson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Johansson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hammarström
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (TN); (PN)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Involvement of c-Ski Oncoprotein in Carcinogenesis of Cholangiocacinoma Induced by Opisthorchis viverrini and N-nitrosodimethylamine. Pathol Oncol Res 2010; 17:219-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-010-9300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
39
|
Zhao HL, Ueki N, Hayman MJ. The Ski protein negatively regulates Siah2-mediated HDAC3 degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 399:623-8. [PMID: 20691163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ski acts as a transcriptional co-repressor by multiple direct and indirect interactions with several distinct repression complexes. Ski represses retinoic acid (RA) signaling by interacting with, and stabilizing, key components of the co-repressor complex, namely, HDAC3. However, little is known as to how the Ski protein can stabilize HDAC3. In the present study, we identified the Siah2 protein as a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediated proteasomal degradation of HDAC3. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that Ski interacts with Siah2. Furthermore, co-expression of the Ski protein stabilized the level of Siah2 protein. Since Siah2 regulates its own level of expression by self-degradation, the stabilization of Siah2 by Ski is an indication that Ski association leads to inhibition of Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Only wild-type Ski and Ski truncation mutants that were in the same complex with Siah2 could stabilize HDAC3 levels. Taken together, the results suggest that association with Ski leads to inhibition of Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and in this way, the Ski protein inhibits Siah2-mediated proteasomal degradation of HDAC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang P, Chen Z, Meng ZQ, Luo JM, Lin JH, Zhou ZH, Chen H, Wang K, Shen YH, Liu LM. Ski acts as therapeutic target of qingyihuaji formula in the treatment of SW1990 pancreatic cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 9:50-8. [PMID: 20308085 DOI: 10.1177/1534735409359179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qingyihuaji formula (QYHJ) is a widely used herbal formula that has shown promising antitumor effect in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. OBJECTIVE This research was conducted to study whether Ski acts as a therapeutic target of QYHJ formula in the treatment of SW1990 pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression changes of Ski mRNA and protein in SW1990 pancreatic cancer subcutaneously transplanted tumor treated with QYHJ were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Then, we established a stable transfection SW1990 cell with low expression of Ski through lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technique. The responses to QYHJ treatment on a subcutaneously transplanted tumor with different Ski expression statuses were evaluated. Finally, the effect of Ski downregulation on SW1990 cell biological behavior was also evaluated. RESULTS Expression of Ski mRNA and protein in SW1990 subcutaneously transplanted tumor decreased dramatically after the treatment with QYHJ. Stable transfection cells with low expression of Ski (SW1990/Ski RNAi) were created, and negative vector-transfected cells (SW1990/con RNAi) were used as controls. The tumor weight inhibitory rates of QYHJ on subcutaneously transplanted tumors formed by SW1990 or SW1990/con RNAi were 29.6% and 32.2%, respectively, whereas they were 16.0% to 17.8% when the tumors were formed by SW1990/Ski RNAi. Ski downregulation sensitized the response of SW1990 cells to TGF-beta1-induced growth inhibition in vitro. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the percentage of cells in the G1 phase increased from 40.4% to 62.9% when Ski was downregulated. The subcutaneously transplanted tumors formed by SW1990/Ski RNAi grew much more slowly than those formed by parental and control vector-transfected cells. CONCLUSION Ski acts as therapeutic target of QYHJ in the treatment of SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells, and its expression status mediates different responses to QYHJ treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin Q, Chen D, Timchenko NA, Medrano EE. SKI promotes Smad3 linker phosphorylations associated with the tumor-promoting trait of TGFbeta. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:1684-9. [PMID: 20404506 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.9.11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-regulator SKI is a potent inhibitor of TGFbeta-growth inhibitory signals. SKI binds to receptor-activated Smads in the nucleus, forming repressor complexes containing HDACs, mSin3, NCoR, and other protein partners. Alternatively, SKI binds to activated Smads in the cytoplasm, preventing their nuclear translocation. SKI is necessary for anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cells in vitro, and most important, for human melanoma xenograft growth in vivo. We recently identified a novel role of SKI in TGFbeta signaling. SKI promotes the switch of Smad3 from repressor of proliferation to activator of oncogenesis by facilitating phosphorylations in the linker domain. High levels of endogenous SKI are required by the tumor promoting trait of TGFbeta to induce expression of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), sustained expression of C-Myc and for aborting upregulation of p21(Waf-1). Here we discuss how SKI diversifies and amplifies its functions by associating with multiple protein partners and by promoting Smad3 linker phosphorylation(s) in response to TGFbeta signaling in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Lin
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Band AM, Björklund M, Laiho M. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates transforming growth factor-{beta} signaling by destabilizing ski and inducing Smad7. J Biol Chem 2010; 284:35441-9. [PMID: 19875456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.029488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ski is an oncoprotein that negatively regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling. It acts as a transcriptional co-repressor by binding to TGF-beta signaling molecules, Smads. Efficient TGF-beta signaling is facilitated by rapid proteasome-mediated degradation of Ski by TGF-beta. Here we report that Ski is phosphorylated by Akt/PKB kinase. Akt phosphorylates Ski on a highly conserved Akt motif at threonine 458 both in vitro and in vivo. The phosphorylation of Ski at threonine 458 is induced by Akt pathway activators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor. The phosphorylation of Ski causes its destabilization and reduces Ski-mediated inhibition of expression of another negative regulator of TGF-beta, Smad7. Induction of Smad7 levels leads to inactivation of TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta signaling cascade, as indicated by reduced induction of TGF-beta target p15. Therefore, Akt modulates TGF-beta signaling by temporarily adjusting the levels of two TGF-beta pathway negative regulators, Ski and Smad7. These novel findings demonstrate that Akt pathway activation directly impacts TGF-beta pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arja M Band
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kiyono K, Suzuki HI, Morishita Y, Komuro A, Iwata C, Yashiro M, Hirakawa K, Kano MR, Miyazono K. c-Ski overexpression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis through inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1809-16. [PMID: 19594546 PMCID: PMC11158587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Ski, originally identified as a proto-oncogene product, is an important negative regulator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family signaling through interaction with Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. High expression of c-Ski has been found in some cancers, including gastric cancer. We previously showed that disruption of TGF-beta signaling by dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor in a diffuse-type gastric carcinoma model accelerated tumor growth through induction of tumor angiogenesis by decreased expression of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin (TSP)-1. Here, we examined the function of c-Ski in human diffuse-type gastric carcinoma OCUM-2MLN cells. Overexpression of c-Ski inhibited TGF-beta signaling in OCUM-2MLN cells. Interestingly, c-Ski overexpression resulted in extensive acceleration of the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu female mice (6 weeks of age). Similar to tumors expressing dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor, histochemical studies revealed less fibrosis and increased angiogenesis in xenografted tumors expressing c-Ski compared to control tumors. Induction of TSP-1 mRNA by TGF-beta was attenuated by c-Ski in vitro, and expression of TSP-1 mRNA was decreased in tumors expressing c-Ski in vivo. These findings suggest that c-Ski overexpression promotes the growth of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma through induction of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Kiyono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Differential Expression of SKI Oncogene Protein in Hemangiomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141:213-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis for benign tumorigenesis in hemangiomas is unknown. Oncogene proteins may be influential in this process. SKI proteins have been previously described in various malignancies. We investigated the differential expression of the SKI (sarcoma viral oncogene) protein in hemangiomas. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective basic science study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Paraffin-embedded hemangioma tissues were obtained from the senior author from 2005 to 2006. We created the first vascular tissue array composed of 12 hemangioma specimens at various stages of growth and anatomic location. Two cores were taken from each sample. Controls were also included. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using SKI, CD31, and Ki67. RESULTS: All 12 hemangioma tissues overexpressed the SKI protein. The staining pattern was perinuclear within the endothelial cells. The intensity of staining was inversely proportional to the growth stage. The endothelial cells that were SKI-positive were involved in active cell division. CONCLUSION: SKI oncogene protein is differentially and specifically expressed in hemangioma tissues. SKI acts as a transcriptional co-repressor and inhibits the TGF-β pathway, thus leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and transformation. All vascular controls were negative for SKI staining. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: The SKI oncogene protein is upregulated by hemangiomas and may play a role in hemangioma tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang P, Chen Z, Meng ZQ, Fan J, Luo JM, Liang W, Lin JH, Zhou ZH, Chen H, Wang K, Shen YH, Xu ZD, Liu LM. Dual role of Ski in pancreatic cancer cells: tumor-promoting versus metastasis-suppressive function. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1497-506. [PMID: 19546161 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ski used to be defined as an oncogene that contributes to the resistance of tumor cells to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced growth arrest. As TGF-beta has a dual effect on tumor growth with both tumor-suppressing and -promoting activity depending on the stage of carcinogenesis and the cell type, the precise role of Ski in carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we show that downregulation of Ski through lentivirus-mediated RNA interference decreases tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, yet promotes cell invasiveness in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo in the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990, which contain wild-type Smad4 expression, and the BxPC3 cell line, which is Smad4 deficient. We also show that the downregulation of Ski increases TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity, which is associated with increased TGF-beta-dependent Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and results in an altered expression profile of TGF-beta-inducible genes involved in metastasis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Immunohistochemical analysis of specimens from 71 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma showed a significant association between overexpression of Ski and decreased patient survival time (P = 0.0024). Our results suggest that Ski may act as a tumor proliferation-promoting factor or as a metastatic suppressor in human pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Multilevel targeting of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, differentiation and apoptosis for leukemia therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:264-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
47
|
Zhao HL, Ueki N, Marcelain K, Hayman MJ. The Ski protein can inhibit ligand induced RARalpha and HDAC3 degradation in the retinoic acid signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:119-24. [PMID: 19341714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent data has implicated the Ski protein as being a physiologically relevant negative regulator of signaling by retinoic acid (RA). The mechanism by which Ski represses RA signaling is unknown. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay showed that Ski and RARalpha are in the same complex in both the absence and presence of RA, which makes Ski different from other corepressors. We determined that Ski can stabilize RARalpha and HDAC3. These results suggest that Ski represses RA signaling by stabilizing corepressor complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, SUNY at Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deheuninck J, Luo K. Ski and SnoN, potent negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling. Cell Res 2009; 19:47-57. [PMID: 19114989 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ski and the closely related SnoN were discovered as oncogenes by their ability to transform chicken embryo fibroblasts upon overexpression. While elevated expressions of Ski and SnoN have also been reported in many human cancer cells and tissues, consistent with their pro-oncogenic activity, emerging evidence also suggests a potential anti-oncogenic activity for both. In addition, Ski and SnoN have been implicated in regulation of cell differentiation, especially in the muscle and neuronal lineages. Multiple cellular partners of Ski and SnoN have been identified in an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex roles of Ski and SnoN. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the biological functions of Ski and SnoN, their mechanisms of action and how their levels of expression are regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Deheuninck
- UC Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 16 Barker Hall, MC3204, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Boone B, Haspeslagh M, Brochez L. Clinical significance of the expression of c-Ski and SnoN, possible mediators in TGF-beta resistance, in primary cutaneous melanoma. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 53:26-33. [PMID: 18782659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of TGF-beta growth control is considered as a hallmark of several human neoplasms including melanoma. Resistance of cancer cells to TGF-beta has been linked to mutations in proteins involved in the TGF-beta pathway. In melanoma such mutations have not been observed. C-Ski and SnoN, two structurally and functionally highly homologous proteins, are known as negative regulators in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. C-Ski and SnoN expression levels and subcellular localization have been associated with clinicopathological parameters and tumour progression in several human malignancies. In melanoma cell lines, high c-Ski and SnoN expression levels have been described. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of c-Ski and SnoN expression in primary cutaneous melanoma. METHODS We evaluated c-Ski and SnoN expression by immunohistochemical staining in 120 primary melanomas. Possible associations between c-Ski and SnoN staining patterns and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULTS Nuclear c-Ski expression was significantly associated with thicker and ulcerated tumours. The percentage of SnoN positivity was higher in ulcerated tumours and in the sentinel node positive group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that c-Ski and SnoN, mediators in TGF-beta resistance, might be implicated in melanoma growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Boone
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Le Scolan E, Zhu Q, Wang L, Bandyopadhyay A, Javelaud D, Mauviel A, Sun L, Luo K. Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses the ability of Ski to inhibit tumor metastasis by inducing its degradation. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3277-85. [PMID: 18451154 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
c-Ski is an important corepressor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling through its ability to bind to and repress the activity of the Smad proteins. It was initially identified as an oncogene that promotes anchorage-independent growth of chicken and quail embryo fibroblasts when overexpressed. Although increased Ski expression is detected in many human cancer cells, the roles of Ski in mammalian carcinogenesis have yet to be defined. Here, we report that reducing Ski expression in breast and lung cancer cells does not affect tumor growth but enhances tumor metastasis in vivo. Thus, in these cells, Ski plays an antitumorigenic role. We also showed that TGF-beta, a cytokine that is often highly expressed in metastatic tumors, induces Ski degradation through the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome in malignant human cancer cells. On TGF-beta treatment, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Arkadia mediates degradation of Ski in a Smad-dependent manner. Although Arkadia interacts with Ski in the absence of TGF-beta, binding of phosphorylated Smad2 or Smad3 to Ski is required to induce efficient degradation of Ski by Arkadia. Our results suggest that the ability of TGF-beta to induce degradation of Ski could be an additional mechanism contributing to its protumorigenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Scolan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|