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Li Y, Matsumoto Y, Chen L, Sugawara Y, Oe E, Fujisawa N, Ebara M, Sakurai H. Smart Nanofiber Mesh with Locally Sustained Drug Release Enabled Synergistic Combination Therapy for Glioblastoma. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:414. [PMID: 36770373 PMCID: PMC9919272 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a new treatment model for glioblastoma (GBM). The combination of chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and radiotherapy has been achieved in a highly simultaneous manner through the application of a safe, non-toxic, locally sustained drug-releasing composite Nanofiber mesh (NFM). The NFM consisted of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) with temozolomide (TMZ) and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), which was used in radiation treatment. TMZ and 17AAG combination showed a synergistic cytotoxicity effect in the T98G cell model. TMZ and 17AAG induced a radiation-sensitization effect, respectively. The NFM containing 17AAG or TMZ, known as 17AAG-NFM and TMZ-NFM, enabled cumulative drug release of 34.1% and 39.7% within 35 days. Moreover, 17AAG+TMZ-NFM containing both drugs revealed a synergistic effect in relation to the NFM of a single agent. When combined with radiation, 17AAG+TMZ-NFM induced in an extremely powerful cytotoxic effect. These results confirmed the application of NFM can simultaneously allow multiple treatments to T98G cells. Each modality achieved a significant synergistic effect with the other, leading to a cascading amplification of the therapeutic effect. Due to the superior advantage of sustained drug release over a long period of time, NFM has the promise of clinically addressing the challenge of high recurrence of GBM post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Lili Chen
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yu Sugawara
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
| | - Emiho Oe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Nanami Fujisawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan
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Zeynali-Moghaddam S, Kheradmand F, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S, Abroon S. Combination effects of capecitabine, irinotecan and 17-AAG on colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29). Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103850. [PMID: 35734719 PMCID: PMC9207062 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objevtive Evasion of apoptosis is a major feature of cancer cells, therefore designing treatment strategies to target apoptotic pathways seems effective. In this study, we investigate the effect of 17-AAG (17-allylaminogeldanamycin) alone and in double and triple combination with capecitabine (Cap) and irinotecan (IR) on HT-29 colon cancer cell line apoptosis. Methods Capase-3, 8, 9, p53 and NF-κB genes expression were analyzed by Real-time PCR. DNA laddering assay was performed to confirm Real-time PCR results. Results Our results showed that all single treatment groups elevated expression of caspase-3, 8, and 9 significantly and IR/Cap was the only double combination group that could upregulate caspase-8 and -9. NF-κB was down-regulated in single treatment and IR/Cap double combination group, significantly. 17-AAG mono-treatment and IR/Cap and Cap/17-AAG double combination group significantly upregulated p53 gene expression. Conclusion Our findings showed proapoptotic effects of 17-AAG alone and in combination with Cap and IR. These findings propose 17-AAG in combination with routine chemotherapy, as a new protocol for colorectal cancer combination therapy. Targeted therapy of apoptosis is the main effective way against of cancer cells. 17-AAG alone and in combination with Cap and IR can regulate the pro-apoptotic factors. Combination therapy has more effective than single therapy.
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Liao Y, Yang Y, Pan D, Ding Y, Zhang H, Ye Y, Li J, Zhao L. HSP90α Mediates Sorafenib Resistance in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Necroptosis Inhibition under Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020243. [PMID: 33440739 PMCID: PMC7827218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is one of the characteristics of most solid tumors and induces cell resistant to chemotherapy. In this paper, we established a hypoxia model in both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the mechanisms of Sorafenib resistance in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we observed that necroptosis could be an important target of Sorafenib in liver cancer and necroptosis blocking might be important in Sorafenib resistance under hypoxia. Mechanistically, our work suggests that HSP90α plays a pivotal role in Sorafenib-induced necroptosis by binding with necrosome. HSP90α could promote MLKL chaperone-mediated autophagy degradation in hypoxia, which subsequently decreased necroptosis. Consequently, the inhibition of necroptosis contributes to Sorafenib resistant. The Sorafenib resistance was reversed by HSP90α inhibitor-Demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in vivo and in vitro. This study highlights the important role of HSP90α in Sorafenib resistance under hypoxia microenvironment, and provides a potential therapy target for liver cancer. Abstract As one of the most common malignancies worldwide, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been treated by Sorafenib, which is the first approved target drug by FDA for advanced HCC. However, drug resistance is one of the obstacles to its application. As a typical characteristic of most solid tumors, hypoxia has become a key cause of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is important to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Sorafenib resistance under hypoxia. In this study, the morphological changes of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were observed by Live Cell Imaging System and Transmission Electron Microscope; Sorafenib was found to induce necroptosis in liver cancer. Under hypoxia, the distribution of necroptosis related proteins was changed, which contributed to Sorafenib resistance. HSP90α binds with the necrosome complex and promotes chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degradation, which leads necroptosis blocking and results in Sorafenib resistance. The patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model has been established to investigate the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome Sorafenib resistance. 17-AAG inhibited HSP90α and presented obvious reversal effects of Sorafenib resistance in vivo and in vitro. All the results emphasized that HSP90α plays a critical role in Sorafenib resistance under hypoxia and 17-AAG combined with Sorafenib is a promising therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Di Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Youxiang Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuting Ye
- Pathology and PDX Efficacy Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Li
- Pathology and PDX Efficacy Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (D.P.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Talaei S, Mellatyar H, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Asadi A, Akbarzadeh A, Zarghami N. 17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin loaded PCL/PEG nanofibrous scaffold for effective growth inhibition of T47D breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Allende-Vega N, Krzywinska E, Orecchioni S, Lopez-Royuela N, Reggiani F, Talarico G, Rossi JF, Rossignol R, Hicheri Y, Cartron G, Bertolini F, Villalba M. The presence of wild type p53 in hematological cancers improves the efficacy of combinational therapy targeting metabolism. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19228-45. [PMID: 26231043 PMCID: PMC4662487 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of metabolic pathways in hematological cancers has therapeutic potential. Here, we determined the molecular mechanism of action of the metabolic modulator dichloroacetate (DCA) in leukemic cells. We found that DCA induces the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p53 pathway with increased efficacy in tumors expressing wild type (wt p53). Clinically relevant, low concentrations of doxorubicin synergize in vitro and in vivo with DCA to further enhance p53 activation and to block tumor progression. Leukemia cell lines and primary leukemic cells containing mutant p53 are resistant to the above-described combination approach. However, DCA synergized with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG to specifically eliminate these cells. Our studies strongly indicate that depending on the p53 status, different combination therapies would provide better treatment with decreased side effects in hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Ewelina Krzywinska
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nuria Lopez-Royuela
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca Reggiani
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-François Rossi
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- Laboratoire Maladies Rares : Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Cellomet, Amélie Rabat-Léon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yosr Hicheri
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Kashif M, Andersson C, Hassan S, Karlsson H, Senkowski W, Fryknäs M, Nygren P, Larsson R, Gustafsson M. In vitro discovery of promising anti-cancer drug combinations using iterative maximisation of a therapeutic index. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14118. [PMID: 26392291 PMCID: PMC4585751 DOI: 10.1038/srep14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro-based search for promising anti-cancer drug combinations may provide important leads to improved cancer therapies. Currently there are no integrated computational-experimental methods specifically designed to search for combinations, maximizing a predefined therapeutic index (TI) defined in terms of appropriate model systems. Here, such a pipeline is presented allowing the search for optimal combinations among an arbitrary number of drugs while also taking experimental variability into account. The TI optimized is the cytotoxicity difference (in vitro) between a target model and an adverse side effect model. Focusing on colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the pipeline provided several combinations that are effective in six different CRC models with limited cytotoxicity in normal cell models. Herein we describe the identification of the combination (Trichostatin A, Afungin, 17-AAG) and present results from subsequent characterisations, including efficacy in primary cultures of tumour cells from CRC patients. We hypothesize that its effect derives from potentiation of the proteotoxic action of 17-AAG by Trichostatin A and Afungin. The discovered drug combinations against CRC are significant findings themselves and also indicate that the proposed strategy has great potential for suggesting drug combination treatments suitable for other cancer types as well as for other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kashif
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. Andersson
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Hassan
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Karlsson
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W. Senkowski
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. Fryknäs
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Nygren
- Uppsala University, Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (Experimental and Clinical Oncology), Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Larsson
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M.G. Gustafsson
- Uppsala University, Dept of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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The HSP90 inhibitor, 17AAG, protects the intestinal stem cell niche and inhibits graft versus host disease development. Oncogene 2015; 35:2842-51. [PMID: 26364610 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GvHD), which is the primary complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, can alter the intestinal barrier targeted by activated donor T-cells. Chemical inhibition of the stress protein HSP90 was demonstrated in vitro to inhibit T-cell activation and to modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to which intestinal cells are highly susceptible. Since the HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) is developed in clinics, we explored here its ability to control intestinal acute GvHD in vivo in two mouse GvHD models (C57BL/6BALB/c and FVB/NLgr5-eGFP), ex vivo in intestine organoids and in vitro in intestinal epithelial cultures. We show that 17AAG decreases GvHD-associated mortality without impairing graft versus leukemia effect. While 17AAG effect in T-cell activation is just moderate at the dose used in vivo, we observe a striking intestinal integrity protection. At the intestine level, the drug promotes the splicing of the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which is a key component of the ER stress. This effect is associated with a decrease in intestinal damage and an increase in Lgr5(+) stem cells, Paneth cells and defensins production. The importance of XBP1 splicing control is further confirmed in cultured cells and organoids of primary intestinal epithelium where XBP1 is either shRNA depleted or inhibited with toyocamycin. In conclusion, 17AAG has a protective effect on the epithelial intestinal barrier in mouse models of acute GvHD. This compound deserves to be tested in the therapeutic control of acute GvHD.
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Woo YM, Shin Y, Lee EJ, Lee S, Jeong SH, Kong HK, Park EY, Kim HK, Han J, Chang M, Park JH. Inhibition of Aerobic Glycolysis Represses Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α Axis and Restores Tamoxifen Sensitivity in Antiestrogen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132285. [PMID: 26158266 PMCID: PMC4497721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is often observed in the majority of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers and it remains as a serious clinical problem in breast cancer management. Increased aerobic glycolysis has been proposed as one of the mechanisms for acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cells such as adriamycin. Herein, we report that the glycolysis rates in LCC2 and LCC9—tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cell lines derived from MCF7— are higher than those in MCF7S, which is the parent MCF7 subline. Inhibition of key glycolytic enzyme such as hexokinase-2 resulted in cell growth retardation at higher degree in LCC2 and LCC9 than that in MCF7S. This implies that increased aerobic glycolysis even under O2-rich conditions, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, is closely associated with tamoxifen resistance. We found that HIF-1α is activated via an Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in LCC2 and LCC9 cells without hypoxic condition. Importantly, specific inhibition of hexokinase-2 suppressed the activity of Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α axis in LCC2 and LCC9 cells. In addition, the phosphorylated AMPK which is a negative regulator of mTOR was decreased in LCC2 and LCC9 cells compared to MCF7S. Interestingly, either the inhibition of mTOR activity or increase in AMPK activity induced a reduction in lactate accumulation and cell survival in the LCC2 and LCC9 cells. Taken together, our data provide evidence that development of tamoxifen resistance may be driven by HIF-1α hyperactivation via modulation of Akt/mTOR and/or AMPK signaling pathways. Therefore, we suggest that the HIF-1α hyperactivation is a critical marker of increased aerobic glycolysis in accordance with tamoxifen resistance and thus restoration of aerobic glycolysis may be novel therapeutic target for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Woo
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Shin
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Hyun Kyung Kong
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Gaegume 2 dong, Busanjin-gu, Busan
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Korea
- * E-mail: (MC); (JP)
| | - Jong-Hoon Park
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, 52 Hyochangwon Road, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MC); (JP)
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Han FF, Li L, Shang BY, Shao RG, Zhen YS. Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin enhances the antitumor efficacy of enediyne lidamycin in association with reduced DNA damage repair. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7043-8. [PMID: 25227788 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.17.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) leads to inappropriate processing of proteins involved in DNA damage repair pathways after DNA damage and may enhance tumor cell radio- and chemo-therapy sensitivity. To investigate the potentiation of antitumor efficacy of lidamycin (LDM), an enediyne agent by the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM), and possible mechanisms, we have determined effects on ovarian cancer SKOV- 3, hepatoma Bel-7402 and HepG2 cells by MTT assay, apoptosis assay, and cell cycle analysis. DNA damage was investigated with H2AX C-terminal phosphorylation (γH2AX) assays. We found that GDM synergistically sensitized SKOV-3 and Bel-7402 cells to the enediyne LDM, and this was accompanied by increased apoptosis. GDM pretreatment resulted in a greater LDM-induced DNA damage and reduced DNA repair as compared with LDM alone. However, in HepG2 cells GDM did not show significant sensitizing effects both in MTT assay and in DNA damage repair. Abrogation of LDM-induced G2/M arrest by GDM was found in SKOV-3 but not in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the expression of ATM, related to DNA damage repair responses, was also decreased by GDM in SKOV-3 and Bel-7402 cells but not in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate that Hsp90 inhibitors may potentiate the antitumor efficacy of LDM, possibly by reducing the repair of LDM-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Han
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China E-mail :
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Ye Y, Xu X, Zhang M, Qiu D, Bai X, Wang J, Weng G, Zhou R, Guo Z, He H, Yi W, He X, Guo K. Low-dose arsenic trioxide combined with aclacinomycin A synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effect on human acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines by induction of apoptosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:3159-67. [PMID: 25739941 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1011155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common disorder in the elderly. Although remarkable progress has been made over recent decades, the outcome remains poor. Thus, the development of a more effective method to overcome this problem is necessary. In this study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic cytotoxic effect of low-dose arsenic trioxide (As2O3) combined with aclacinomycin A (ACM) on the human AML cell lines KG-1a and HL-60, and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Results showed that As2O3 combined with ACM exerted a synergistic cytotoxic effect by activation of the apoptosis pathway. Additionally, we found that the combination treatment decreased Bcl-2, c-IAP and XIAP expression but increased SMAC and caspase-3 expression more significantly than the single drug treatments. Furthermore, combination index (CI) values were < 1 in all matched combination groups. Additional evaluation of As2O3 combined with ACM as a potential therapeutic benefit for AML seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Ye
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- b Department of Hematology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhongshan , China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dafa Qiu
- b Department of Hematology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhongshan , China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- c Department of Cell Biology , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Guangyang Weng
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruiqing Zhou
- b Department of Hematology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhongshan , China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- b Department of Hematology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhongshan , China
| | - Huiqing He
- b Department of Hematology , Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhongshan , China
| | - Wenfang Yi
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xin He
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kunyuan Guo
- a Department of Hematology , Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Rahmani S, Park TH, Dishman AF, Lahann J. Multimodal delivery of irinotecan from microparticles with two distinct compartments. J Control Release 2013; 172:239-245. [PMID: 23973814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last several decades, research in the field of drug delivery has been challenged with the fabrication of carrier systems engineered to deliver therapeutics to the target site with sustained and controlled release kinetics. Herein, we report the fabrication of microparticles composed of two distinct compartments: i) one compartment containing a pH responsive polymer, acetal-modified dextran, and PLGA (polylactide-co-glycolide), and ii) one compartment composed entirely of PLGA. We demonstrate the complete release of dextran from the microparticles during a 10-hour period in an acidic pH environment and the complete degradation of one compartment in less than 24h. This is in congruence with the stability of the same microparticles in neutral pH over the 24-hour period. Such microparticles can be used as pH responsive carrier systems for drug delivery applications where their cargo will only be released when the optimum pH window is reached. The feasibility of the microparticle system for such an application was confirmed by encapsulating a cancer therapeutic, irinotecan, in the compartment containing the acetal-modified dextran polymer and the pH dependent release over a 5-day period was studied. It was found that upon pH change to an acidic environment, over 50% of the drug was first released at a rapid rate for 10h, similar to that observed for the dextran release, before continuing at a more controlled rate for 4 days. As such, these microparticles can play an important role in the fabrication of novel drug delivery systems due to the selective, controlled, and pH responsive release of their encapsulated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rahmani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Tae-Hong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Acacia Frances Dishman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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12
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Lu X, Xiao L, Wang L, Ruden DM. Hsp90 inhibitors and drug resistance in cancer: the potential benefits of combination therapies of Hsp90 inhibitors and other anti-cancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:995-1004. [PMID: 22120678 PMCID: PMC3299878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a chaperone protein that interacts with client proteins that are known to be in the cell cycle, signaling and chromatin-remodeling pathways. Hsp90 inhibitors act additively or synergistically with many other drugs in the treatment of both solid tumors and leukemias in murine tumor models and humans. Hsp90 inhibitors potentiate the actions of anti-cancer drugs that target Hsp90 client proteins, including trastuzumab (Herceptin™) which targets Her2/Erb2B, as Hsp90 inhibition elicits the drug effects in cancer cell lines that are otherwise resistant to the drug. A phase II study of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG and trastuzumab showed that this combination therapy has anticancer activity in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer progressing on trastuzumab. In this review, we discuss the results of Hsp90 inhibitors in combination with trastuzumab and other cancer drugs. We also discuss recent results from yeast focused on the genetics of drug resistance when Hsp90 is inhibited and the implications that this might have in understanding the effects of genetic variation in treating cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Lu
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Li Xiao
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Luan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Douglas M. Ruden
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
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13
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Yih LH, Hsu NC, Kuo HH, Wu YC. Inhibition of the heat shock response by PI103 enhances the cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:126-36. [PMID: 22496356 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a key regulator of the cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic heat shock response and can be activated by arsenite. Inhibition of HSF1 activation may therefore enhance the cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO). We show that ATO induced HSF1 phosphorylation at serine 326 (S326) and induced HSF1-dependent expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 27 and 70 in cultured cells. HSF1 significantly reduced cell sensitivity to ATO by reducing apoptosis. Disruption of HSF1 function not only reduced ATO induction of HSP27 and 70 but also enhanced ATO cytotoxicity by elevating apoptosis. These results reveal that HSF1 activation and the resulting induction of HSPs may protect cells from ATO cytotoxicity. The diminished expression of HSPs and hypersensitivity to ATO in cells stably depleted of HSF1 was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type HSF1 but not an S326A substitution mutant, indicating that phosphorylation at S326 was critical for the protective effect of HSF1. Simultaneous treatment of cells with ATO and PI103, an inhibitor of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) family, suppressed not only ATO-induced expression of an HSP70 promoter-reporter construct and endogenous HSP70 but also phosphorylation of HSF1 S326. PI103 considerably reduced HSF1 transactivation in ATO-treated cells but had only a limited effect on HSF1 nuclear translocation and DNA binding. Furthermore, PI103 enhanced ATO cytotoxicity in an HSF1-dependent manner. Thus, inhibition of S326 phosphorylation by PI103 blocks the transactivation of HSF1 and may consequently suppress ATO induction of the heat shock response and sensitize cells to ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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14
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Best OG, Che Y, Singh N, Forsyth C, Christopherson RI, Mulligan SP. The Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-7081 synergizes with and restores sensitivity to fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with lesions in the TP53 pathway: a potential treatment strategy for fludarabine refractory disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1367-75. [PMID: 22149137 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.647310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associated with lesions in the ATM/TP53 pathway represents a major challenge in clinical management. Evidence suggests that heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) inhibitors may represent a therapeutic option in combination with more conventional therapies. We explored the effects of combining the Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-7081, with fludarabine in vitro against CLL cells and hematological cell lines. In seven cell lines and 23 patient samples synergy between SNX-7081 and fludarabine (2-FaraA) was apparent in the three TP53 mutated cell lines and at significantly lower concentrations in TP53 or ATM dysfunctional patient cells. In 11/13 2-FaraA-resistant patient samples, SNX-7081 reduced the 50% inhibitory concentration to within a clinically achievable range. Synergy between SNX-7081 and 2-FaraA was evident in both the cell lines and patient samples as a significant decrease in cell viability. Our data suggest that combining SNX-7081 and fludarabine may be effective in the treatment of fludarabine-refractory CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Viñas G, Puig T, Porta R. [Oxidative stress in patients with cancer: two sides of the same coin]. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 139:171-5. [PMID: 22266084 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biochemical condition of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defence mechanisms. Cancer is an inducing oxidative stress disease. Metabolic changes in neoplastic cells, tumor infiltration by inflammatory cells, malnutrition and specific cancer treatment contribute to high levels of oxidative stress in cancer patients. The toxic effects of oxidative stress on normal cells could be counteracted by use of antioxidants, even though they may abrogate the harmful effects of oxidative stress on tumor cells and prevent apoptosis. Thus, currently, there is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of antioxidants in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Viñas
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto Catalán de Oncología, Girona, España
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HSP90 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy and Overcoming Drug Resistance. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 65:471-517. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397927-8.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Hong Z, Xiao M, Yang Y, Han Z, Cao Y, Li C, Wu Y, Gong Q, Zhou X, Xu D, Meng L, Ma D, Zhou J. Arsenic disulfide synergizes with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor PI-103 to eradicate acute myeloid leukemia stem cells by inducing differentiation. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1550-8. [PMID: 21803735 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dramatic clinical success has been achieved in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the success of differentiating agents has not been reproduced in non-APL leukemia. A key barrier to the clinical success of arsenic is that it is not potent enough to achieve a clinical benefit at physiologically tolerable concentrations by targeting the leukemia cell differentiation pathway alone. We explored a novel combination approach to enhance the eradication of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) by arsenic in non-APL leukemia. In the present study, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation was strengthened after As(2)S(2) exposure in leukemia cell lines and stem/progenitor cells, but not in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). propidium iodide-103, the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, effectively inhibited the transient activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by As(2)S(2). The synergistic killing and differentiation induction effects on non-APL leukemia cells were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Eradication of non-APL LSCs was determined using the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model. We found that a combined As(2)S(2)/PI-103 treatment synergized strongly to kill non-APL leukemia cells and promote their differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, the combined As(2)S(2)/PI-103 treatment effectively reduced leukemia cell repopulation and eradicated non-APL LSCs partially via induction of differentiation while sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that induction of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide a protective response to offset the antitumor efficacy of As(2)S(2). Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in combination with As(2)S(2) could be exploited as a novel strategy to enhance the differentiation and killing of non-APL LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Hong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Synergistic Apoptosis-Inducing Antileukemic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide and Mucuna macrocarpa Stem Extract in Human Leukemic Cells via a Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:921430. [PMID: 21826188 PMCID: PMC3150200 DOI: 10.1155/2012/921430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the potential of enhancing the antileukemic activity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) by combining it with a folk remedy, crude methanolic extract of Mucuna macrocarpa (CMEMM). Human leukemia cells HL-60, Jurkat, and Molt-3 were treated with various doses of ATO, CMEMM, and combinations thereof for 24 and 48 h. Results indicated that the combination of 2.5 μM ATO and 50 μg/mL CMEMM synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in HL-60 and Jurkat cell lines. Apoptosis triggered by ATO/CMEMM treatment was confirmed by accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase in cell cycle analyses, characteristic apoptotic nuclear fragmentation, and increased percentage of annexin V-positive apoptotic cells. Such combination treatments also led to elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), butylated hydroxytoluene, and α-tocopherol prevented cells from ATO/CMEMM-induced apoptosis. The ATO/CMEMM-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 can be blocked by NAC. In summary, these results suggest that ATO/CMEMM combination treatment exerts synergistic apoptosis-inducing effects in human leukemic cells through a ROS-dependent mechanism and may provide a promising antileukemic approach in the future.
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Kaufmann SH, Karp JE, Litzow MR, Mesa RA, Hogan W, Steensma DP, Flatten KS, Loegering DA, Schneider PA, Peterson KL, Maurer MJ, Smith BD, Greer J, Chen Y, Reid JM, Ivy SP, Ames MM, Adjei AA, Erlichman C, Karnitz LM. Phase I and pharmacological study of cytarabine and tanespimycin in relapsed and refractory acute leukemia. Haematologica 2011; 96:1619-26. [PMID: 21791475 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.049551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical studies the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor tanespimycin induced down-regulation of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and other client proteins as well as increased sensitivity of acute leukemia cells to cytarabine. We report here the results of a phase I and pharmacological study of the cytarabine + tanespimycin combination in adults with recurrent or refractory acute leukemia. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients received cytarabine 400 mg/m(2)/day continuously for 5 days and tanespimycin infusions at escalating doses on days 3 and 6. Marrow mononuclear cells harvested before therapy, immediately prior to tanespimycin, and 24 hours later were examined by immunoblotting for Hsp70 and multiple Hsp90 clients. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were treated at five dose levels. The maximum tolerated dose was cytarabine 400 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days along with tanespimycin 300 mg/m(2) on days 3 and 6. Treatment-related adverse events included disseminated intravascular coagulation (grades 3 and 5), acute respiratory distress syndrome (grade 4), and myocardial infarction associated with prolonged exposure to tanespimycin and its active metabolite 17-aminogeldanamycin. Among 21 evaluable patients, there were two complete and four partial remissions. Elevations of Hsp70, a marker used to assess Hsp90 inhibition in other studies, were observed in more than 80% of samples harvested 24 hours after tanespimycin, but down-regulation of Chk1 and other Hsp90 client proteins was modest. CONCLUSIONS Because exposure to potentially effective concentrations occurs only for a brief time in vivo, at clinically tolerable doses tanespimycin has little effect on resistance-mediating client proteins in relapsed leukemia and exhibits limited activity in combination with cytarabine. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00098423).
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Koren J, Jinwal UK, Jin Y, O'Leary J, Jones JR, Johnson AG, Blair LJ, Abisambra JF, Chang L, Miyata Y, Cheng AM, Guo J, Cheng JQ, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Facilitating Akt clearance via manipulation of Hsp70 activity and levels. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2498-505. [PMID: 19889640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the 70-kDa heat shock family can control and manipulate a host of oncogenic client proteins. This role of Hsp70 in both the folding and degradation of these client proteins makes it a potential drug target for certain forms of cancer. The phenothiazine family of compounds, as well as the flavonoid myricetin, was recently shown to inhibit Hsp70-ATPase activity, whereas members of the dihydropyrimidine family stimulated ATPase function. Akt, a major survival kinase, was found to be under the regulation of Hsp70, and when the ATPase activity of Hsp70 was increased or decreased by these compounds, Akt levels were also increased or decreased. Also, increasing Hsp70 levels concurrent with inhibition of its ATPase function synergistically reduced Akt levels to a greater extent than either manipulation alone, providing new insights about client fate decisions. Akt reductions mediated by Hsp70 inhibitors were prevented when Hsp70 expression was silenced with small interfering RNA. Inhibiting Hsp70 ATPase function produced cytotoxic events only in breast cancer cell lines where Akt dysfunction was previously shown, suggesting therapeutic specificity depending on the Hsp70 client profile. Thus, increasing Hsp70 levels combined with inhibiting its ATPase function may serve to dramatically reduce Akt levels and facilitate cell death in certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, USA
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Abstract
While cure rates of over 80% are achieved in contemporary pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocols, most adults with ALL succumb to their disease, and little progress has been made in the treatment of refractory and relapsed ALL. Moreover, the burden of therapy is high in a significant number of newly diagnosed patients, and in all those with relapse. Early response to therapy measured by minimal residual disease evaluation has proven the single most important prognostic factor and is increasingly used in risk stratification. However, as the benefit from intensification of frontline therapy becomes limiting, it becomes increasingly challenging to rescue patients who fail on contemporary risk-adapted protocols. New therapeutic strategies are needed, not only in salvage regimens but also in frontline protocols for patients who are at high risk of relapse. Current novel approaches include new formulations of existing chemotherapeutic agents, new antimetabolites and nucleoside analogs, monoclonal antibodies against leukemic-associated antigens, cellular immunotherapy, and molecular therapeutics. Some have already been adopted into standard regimens, while others remain in early stages of development. This review summarizes the current status of these novel therapies as they get integrated into ALL regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Heat shock protein inhibitors, 17-DMAG and KNK437, enhance arsenic trioxide-induced mitotic apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 236:231-8. [PMID: 19371599 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in leukemia because of its ability to induce apoptosis. However, there is no sufficient evidence to support its therapeutic use for other types of cancers. In this study, we investigated if, and how, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-DMAG), an antagonist of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and KNK437, a HSP synthesis inhibitor, potentiated the cytotoxic effect of ATO. Our results showed that cotreatment with ATO and either 17-DMAG or KNK437 significantly increased ATO-induced cell death and apoptosis. siRNA-mediated attenuation of the expression of the inducible isoform of HSP70 (HSP70i) or HSP90alpha/beta also enhanced ATO-induced apoptosis. In addition, cotreatment with ATO and 17-DMAG or KNK437 significantly increased ATO-induced mitotic arrest and ATO-induced BUBR1 phosphorylation and PDS1 accumulation. Cotreatment also significantly increased the percentage of mitotic cells with abnormal mitotic spindles and promoted metaphase arrest as compared to ATO treatment alone. These results indicated that 17-DMAG or KNK437 may enhance ATO cytotoxicity by potentiating mitotic arrest and mitotic apoptosis possibly through increased activation of the spindle checkpoint.
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Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic, potentiative and antagonistic effects of drug combinations could facilitate the discovery of novel efficacious combinations and multi-targeted agents. In this article, we describe an extensive investigation of the published literature on drug combinations for which the combination effect has been evaluated by rigorous analysis methods and for which relevant molecular interaction profiles of the drugs involved are available. Analysis of the 117 drug combinations identified reveals general and specific modes of action, and highlights the potential value of molecular interaction profiles in the discovery of novel multicomponent therapies.
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Bareng J, Jilani I, Gorre M, Kantarjian H, Giles F, Hannah A, Albitar M. A potential role for HSP90 inhibitors in the treatment of JAK2 mutant-positive diseases as demonstrated using quantitative flow cytometry. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 48:2189-95. [PMID: 17926180 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701607576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The V617F mutation of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase is found in a majority of patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Flow cytometry assays for quantitation of phosphorylated and total protein for JAK2, STAT5, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) were developed to facilitate the study of the JAK/STAT pathway. A cell line homozygous for V617F (HEL) was treated with inhibitors of JAK2 tyrosine kinase activity and the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG. 17-AAG reduced HSP90 levels, but increased HSP70 levels. Phospho-STAT5, total STAT5, and total AKT levels were also reduced by 17-AAG treatment. Further, phospho-JAK2, total JAK2, and cell viability were reduced to a greater extent by 17-AAG than by the pan-JAK kinase family inhibitor JKII or the JAK2-specific inhibitor AG490, and these inhibitors failed to synergize with 17-AAG. Flow-cytometry-based assays for JAK/STAT signaling pathway and HSPs are likely to have broad clinical utility for monitoring patients with abnormalities in the JAK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bareng
- Department of Hematopathology, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA
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26
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Amrán D, Sánchez Y, Fernández C, Ramos AM, de Blas E, Bréard J, Calle C, Aller P. Arsenic trioxide sensitizes promonocytic leukemia cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis via p38-MAPK-regulated activation of both receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1653-63. [PMID: 17673311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with the anti-leukemic drug arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3), 1-4 microM) sensitizes U937 promonocytes and other human myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL60, NB4) to apoptosis induction by TNFalpha. As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha increases TNF receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) expression, decreases c-FLIP(L) expression, and causes caspase-8 and Bid activation, and apoptosis is reduced by anti-TNF-R1 neutralizing antibody and caspase-8 inhibitor. The treatment also causes Bax translocation to mitochondria, cytochrome c and Omi/HtrA2 release from mitochondria, XIAP down-regulation, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Bcl-2 over-expression inhibits cytochrome c release and apoptosis, and also prevents c-FLIP(L) down-regulation and caspase-8 activation, but not TNF-R1 over-expression. As(2)O(3) does not affect Akt phosphorylation/activation or intracellular GSH content, nor prevents the TNFalpha-provoked stimulation of p65-NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus and the increase in NF-kappaB binding activity. Treatments with TNFalpha alone or with As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha cause TNF-R1-mediated p38-MAPK phosphorylation/activation. P38-MAPK-specific inhibitors attenuate the As(2)O(3) plus TNFalpha-provoked activation of caspase-8/Bid, Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis induction. In conclusion, the sensitization by As(2)O(3) to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in promonocytic leukemia cells is an Akt/NF-kappaB-independent, p38-MAPK-regulated process, which involves the interplay of both the receptor-mediated and mitochondrial executioner pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Amrán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Wetzler M, Earp JC, Brady MT, Keng MK, Jusko WJ. Synergism between arsenic trioxide and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors on signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 activity--pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction modeling. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2261-70. [PMID: 17404111 PMCID: PMC2715964 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity, observed in approximately 50% of acute myelogenous leukemia cases and associated with adverse treatment outcome, is down-regulated by arsenic trioxide (ATO). Heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is a molecular chaperone involved in signal transduction pathways. We hypothesized that HSP90 inhibitors will potentiate ATO effect on constitutive STAT3 activity and cell killing. One concern was that the effect of ATO and HSP90 inhibitors will result in up-regulation of HSP70, a protein known to inhibit apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have used a semimechanistic pharmacodynamic model to characterize concentration-effect relationships of ATO and HSP90 inhibitors on constitutive STAT3 activity, HSP70 expression, and cell death in a cell line model. RESULTS Pharmacodynamic interaction of ATO and three HSP90 inhibitors showed synergistic interactions in inhibiting constitutive STAT3 activity and inducing cell death, in spite of a concurrent synergistic up-regulation of HSP70. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results provide a basis for studying the combined role of ATO with HSP90 inhibitors in acute myelogenous leukemia with constitutive STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Wetzler
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
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28
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Pui CH, Jeha S. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:149-65. [PMID: 17268486 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although contemporary treatments cure more than 80% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), some patients require intensive treatment and many patients still develop serious acute and late complications owing to the side effects of the treatments. Furthermore, the survival rate for adults with ALL remains below 40%. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed to improve not only the cure rate but also the quality of life of these patients. Here, we discuss emerging new treatments that might improve the clinical outcome of patients with ALL. These include new formulations of existing chemotherapeutic agents, new antimetabolites and nucleoside analogues, monoclonal antibodies against leukaemia-associated antigens, and molecular therapies that target genetic abnormalities of the leukaemic cells and their affected signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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Yoon P, Giafis N, Smith J, Mears H, Katsoulidis E, Sassano A, Altman J, Redig AJ, Tallman MS, Platanias LC. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and the p70 S6 kinase by arsenic trioxide in BCR-ABL-expressing cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 5:2815-23. [PMID: 17121928 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) exhibits important antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms by which it induces its effects are not known. We provide evidence that during treatment of BCR-ABL-expressing cells with As(2)O(3), there is activation of a cellular pathway involving the p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K). Our data show that p70S6K is rapidly phosphorylated on Thr(421) and Ser(424) and is activated in an As(2)O(3)-inducible manner. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is also phosphorylated/activated in an As(2)O(3)-inducible manner, and its activity is required for downstream engagement of p70S6K. p70S6K subsequently phosphorylates the S6 ribosomal protein on Ser(235)/Ser(236) and Ser(240)/Ser(244) to promote initiation of mRNA translation. Treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived cell lines with As(2)O(3) also results in phosphorylation of the 4E-BP1 repressor of mRNA translation on Thr(37)/Thr(46) and Thr(70), sites required for its deactivation and its dissociation from the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E complex to allow cap-dependent mRNA translation. In studies to determine the functional relevance of this pathway, we found that inhibition of mTOR and downstream cascades enhances induction of apoptosis by As(2)O(3). Consistent with this, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin strongly potentiated As(2)O(3)-mediated suppression of primitive leukemic progenitors from the bone marrow of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Altogether, our data show that the mTOR/p70S6K pathway is activated in a negative feedback regulatory manner in response to As(2)O(3) in BCR-ABL-transformed cells and plays a key regulatory role in the induction of anti-leukemic responses.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yoon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 303 East Superior Street, Lurie 3-107, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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McCollum AK, Teneyck CJ, Sauer BM, Toft DO, Erlichman C. Up-regulation of Heat Shock Protein 27 Induces Resistance to 17-Allylamino-Demethoxygeldanamycin through a Glutathione-Mediated Mechanism. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10967-75. [PMID: 17108135 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
17-Allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), currently in phase I and II clinical trials as an anticancer agent, binds to the ATP pocket of heat shock protein (Hsp90). This binding induces a cellular stress response that up-regulates many proteins including Hsp27, a member of the small heat shock protein family that has cytoprotective roles, including chaperoning of cellular proteins, regulation of apoptotic signaling, and modulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that Hsp27 expression may affect cancer cell sensitivity to 17-AAG. In colony-forming assays, overexpression of Hsp27 increased cell resistance to 17-AAG whereas down-regulation of Hsp27 by siRNA increased sensitivity. Because Hsp27 is known to modulate levels of glutathione (GSH), we examined cellular levels of GSH and found that it was decreased in cells transfected with Hsp27 siRNA when compared with control siRNA. Treatment with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, also sensitized cells to 17-AAG. Conversely, treatment of Hsp27 siRNA-transfected cells with N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and GSH precursor, reversed their sensitivity to 17-AAG. A cell line selected for stable resistance to geldanamycin relative to parent cells showed increased Hsp27 expression. When these geldanamycin- and 17-AAG-resistant cells were transfected with Hsp27 siRNA, 17-AAG resistance was dramatically diminished. Our results suggest that Hsp27 up-regulation has a significant role in 17-AAG resistance, which may be mediated in part through GSH regulation. Clinical modulation of GSH may therefore enhance the efficacy of Hsp90-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K McCollum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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