1
|
Halimi H, Mirzazadeh S, Kalantar K, Hajimaghsoodi M, Ramzi M, Farjadian S. Activating KIR/HLA-I combinations as a risk factor of adult B-ALL. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110750. [PMID: 38262874 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the most predominant type of ALL, is less common and incurable among adults. Regarding the pivotal role of NK cells in immune surveillance against hematological malignancies, studying the effective factors in regulating their function, particularly KIRs as the most important NK cell receptors and HLA-I molecules as their main ligands, is of importance. Since NK responses against malignant lymphoblasts are influenced by KIR signals, we did a case-control study on 154 adult patients with B-ALL and 181 healthy controls to investigate the correlation of KIR/HLA-I combinations with susceptibility to B-ALL in Iranians. The genotyping of KIR genes and HLA-I alleles was performed by PCR-SSP with 11 and 9 primer pairs, respectively. Our data revealed an increased frequency of activating (a)KIRs and aKIR/HLA-I combinations in our patients: KIR3DS1 (p = 0.009, OR = 1.81), Bx genotype (p = 0.038, OR = 1.81), KIR3DS1(+)/HLA-Bw4Thr80(+) (p = 0.004, OR = 3.61), and KIR3DS1(+)/HLA-B Bw4(+) (p = 0.037, OR = 1.76). The presence of inhibitory (i)KIRs in the absence of their cognate HLA-I ligands was also more frequent among the patients. However, the frequency of inhibitory combinations was more common in controls: KIR2DL1(+)/HLA-C2(+) (p = 0.027, OR = 0.57), KIR2DL2/3(+)/HLA-C1(+) (p = 0.004, OR = 0.5), and KIR3DL2(+)/HLA-A3/A11(+) (p = 0.0012, OR = 0.46). To sum up, the less inherited iKIR/HLA-I combinations might make individuals more susceptible to B-ALL because of inefficient education of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Halimi
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzazadeh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajimaghsoodi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damiani D, Tiribelli M. Checkpoint Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1724. [PMID: 37371818 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory. Among the reasons for the poor response to therapy and high incidence of relapse, there is tumor cell immune escape, as AML blasts can negatively influence various components of the immune system, mostly weakening T-cells. Since leukemic cells can dysregulate immune checkpoints (ICs), receptor-based signal transductors that lead to the negative regulation of T-cells and, eventually, to immune surveillance escape, the inhibition of ICs is a promising therapeutic strategy and has led to the development of so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents or targeted therapies, are being increasingly tested in cases of AML, but the results reported are often conflicting. Here, we review the main issues concerning the immune system in AML, the main pathways leading to immune escape and the results obtained from clinical trials of ICIs, alone or in combination, in newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Udine University, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gómez-Luque JM, Urrutia-Maldonado E, Rueda PMD, Abril-Molina A, Ocete-Hita E. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and cancer. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 96:410-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
4
|
Gómez-Luque JM, Urrutia-Maldonado E, Muñoz de Rueda P, Abril-Molina A, Ocete-Hita E. [Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and cancer]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(21)00128-4. [PMID: 33663964 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in defense against tumor cells. The development and function of NK cells is governed by a dynamic balance between inhibition and activation of cell surface receptors, including KIR receptors. PATIENTS AND METHOD A case-control study is carried out that compares a group of 46 children diagnosed with malignant diseases, the control group is made up of 82 healthy children. KIRs genes, haplotypes and ligands were determined and compared between groups. RESULTS There are no differences in KIRs genes, KIRs haplotypes or in KIRs gene ligands between groups. However, when KIRS and ligands were jointly studied, k2DS1_C2 was significantly higher in the group of cancer children (p̊=̊0.016). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not provide evidence of an association between pediatric cancer disease with genotypes and groups of genes KIRs. The k2DS1_C2 genotype could predispose to susceptibility to malignant processes in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Abril-Molina
- Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - Esther Ocete-Hita
- Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, España; Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taghiloo S, Asgarian-Omran H. Immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia: A focus on immune checkpoint pathways. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103164. [PMID: 33271388 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance mechanisms comprising of adaptive and innate immune systems are naturally designed to eliminate AML development. However, leukemic cells apply various immune evasion mechanisms to deviate host immune responses resulting tumor progression. One of the recently well-known immune escape mechanisms is over-expression of immune checkpoint receptors and their ligands. Introduction of blocking antibodies targeting co-inhibitory molecules achieved invaluable success in tumor targeted therapy. Moreover, several new co-inhibitory pathways are currently studying for their potential impacts on improving anti-tumor immune responses. Although immunotherapeutic strategies based on the blockade of immune checkpoint molecules have shown promising results in a number of hematological malignances, their effectiveness in AML patients showed less remarkable success. This review discusses current knowledge about the involvement of co-inhibitory signaling pathways in immune evasion mechanisms of AML and potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for targeted immunotherapy of this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dynamic Changes of Inhibitory Killer-Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors on NK Cells after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Initial Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113502. [PMID: 33138211 PMCID: PMC7692795 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are critical natural killer (NK) cell regulators. The expression of KIRs is a dynamic process influenced by many factors. Their ligands-HLA(Human Leukocyte Antigen) class I molecules-are expressed on all nucleated cells that keep NK cells under control. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), NK cells play an essential role in relapse protection. In the presented pilot study, we characterized the dynamic expression of inhibitory KIRS (iKIRs), which protect cells against untoward lysis, in donors and patients during the first three months after HSCT using flow cytometry. The expression of all iKIRs was highly variable and sometimes correlated with patients' clinical presentation and therapy regiment. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention protocol downregulated KIR2DL1 to just 25% of the original donor value, and the FEAM (Fludarabine + Etoposid + Ara-C + Melphalan) conditioning protocol reduced KIR2DL3. In lymphoid neoplasms, there was a slightly increased KIR2DL3 expression compared to myeloid malignancies. Additionally, we showed that the ex vivo activation of NK cells did not alter the level of iKIRs. Our study shows the influence of pre- and post-transplantation protocols on iKIR expression on the surface of NK cells and the importance of monitoring their cell surface.
Collapse
|
7
|
Alizadeh M, Safarzadeh A, Hoseini SA, Piryaei R, Mansoori B, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baghbanzadeh A, Baradaran B. The potentials of immune checkpoints for the treatment of blood malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103031. [PMID: 32622320 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are the regulators of the immune system, which include stimulatory and inhibitory receptors. They play substantial roles in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity and cancer. In the current review, immune checkpoints roles are surveyed in the initiation, progression, and treatment of blood malignancies. The significant roles of immune checkpoints are discussed as clinical markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of a plethora of blood malignancies and also as potential targets for the treatment of these malignancies. It could be concluded that the regulation of immune checkpoints in various blood cancers can be employed as a novel strategy to obtain effective results in leukemia treatment and introduce immune checkpoint inhibitors as sufficient weapons against blood cancers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hoseini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piryaei
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Family-based Association Study of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes with Leukemia. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
NK cell function is controlled by the cell expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their ligation with the corresponding HLA ligands. Various malignancies have been associated with certain KIRs surface cell expression and various KIR/HLA ligand combinations. Prior research using case/control study design demonstrates the role of KIR and KIR HLA ligands as genetic factor involved in tumor susceptibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the family-based association of KIRs, HLA class I ligands and KIR/ligand combinations with leukemia diagnosis in families having a leukemia diagnosed child. Sixty-seven families that met the index leukemia case criteria (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL, n = 45; acute myeloid leukemia, AML, n = 13; chronic myeloid leukemia, CML, n = 9; first degree healthy relatives n = 159) were examined. Our study consisted of two phases. In Phase1 case-control study, we primarily compared patients to their healthy siblings to asses if a marker or genotype may be associated with leukemia, excluding the impact of the environment. Phase 2 consisted of a secondary family-based association study. KIR genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP method. KIR HLA ligands were defined by direct method using PCR-SSP method and/or indirect base on high resolution typing of HLA-A, -B, -C alleles. Results of phase 1 showed an increase in the frequency of KIR genotype (with a ratio = 0.57; higher frequency for inhibitory KIRs vs. activating KIRs) among leukemia patients compared to healthy siblings. Results of the phase 2 familial study observed an association between HLA-C1+/BBw4+/ABw4+ haplotype (a mediator of inhibitory signals) and leukemia. Also, we concluded that the absence of HLA-ABw4 alleles was related to leukemia development.
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng Z, Zhao J, Cai S, Qi Y, Yu Q, Martin MP, Gao X, Chen R, Zhuo J, Zhen J, Zhang M, Zhang G, He L, Zou H, Lu L, Zhu W, Hong W, Carrington M, Norman PJ. Natural Killer Cells Offer Differential Protection From Leukemia in Chinese Southern Han. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1646. [PMID: 31379844 PMCID: PMC6646668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of human natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors with polymorphic HLA-A, -B and -C molecules educate NK cells for immune surveillance against tumor cells. The KIR A haplotype encodes a distinctive set of HLA-specific NK cell inhibiting receptors having strong influence on immunity. We observed higher frequency of KIR A homozygosity among 745 healthy Chinese Southern Han than 836 adult patients representing three types of leukemia: ALL (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.89, p = 0.004), AML (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59-0.98, p = 0.034), and CML (OR = 0.72 95% CI = 0.51-1.0, ns). We observed the same trend for NHL (OR = 0.47 95% CI = 0.26-0.88 p = 0.017). For ALL, the protective effect of the KIR AA genotype was greater in the presence of KIR ligands C1 (Pc = 0.01) and Bw4 (Pc = 0.001), which are tightly linked in East Asians. By contrast, the C2 ligand strengthened protection from CML (Pc = 0.004). NK cells isolated from KIR AA individuals were significantly more cytotoxic toward leukemic cells than those from other KIR genotypes (p < 0.0001). These data suggest KIR allotypes encoded by East Asian KIR A haplotypes are strongly inhibitory, arming NK cells to respond to leukemogenic cells having altered HLA expression. Thus, the study of populations with distinct KIR and HLA distributions enlightens understanding of immune mechanisms that significantly impact leukemia pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Deng
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Qiong Yu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maureen P. Martin
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiacai Zhuo
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxin Zhen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Hank Bioengineering Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liumei He
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stabile H, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A. Role of Distinct Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Anticancer Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 28360915 PMCID: PMC5352654 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, the prototypic member of innate lymphoid cells, are important effectors of anticancer immune response. These cells can survey and control tumor initiation due to their capability to recognize and kill malignant cells and to regulate the adaptive immune response via cytokines and chemokines release. However, several studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating NK cells associated with advanced disease can have profound functional defects and display protumor activity. This evidence indicates that NK cell behavior undergoes crucial alterations during cancer progression. Moreover, a further level of complexity is due to the extensive heterogeneity and plasticity of these lymphocytes, implying that different NK cell subsets, endowed with specific phenotypic and functional features, may be involved and play distinct roles in the tumor context. Accordingly, many studies reported the enrichment of selective NK cell subsets within tumor tissue, whereas the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. A malignant microenvironment can significantly impact NK cell activity, by recruiting specific subpopulations and/or influencing their developmental programming or the acquisition of a mature phenotype; in particular, neoplastic, stroma and immune cells, or tumor-derived factors take part in these processes. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recently acquired knowledge on the possible contribution of distinct NK cell subsets in the control and/or progression of solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, we will address emerging evidence regarding the role of different components of tumor microenvironment on shaping NK cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Italian Institute of Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Austin R, Smyth MJ, Lane SW. Harnessing the immune system in acute myeloid leukaemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 103:62-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Varbanova V, Naumova E, Mihaylova A. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and ligands and their role in hematologic malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:427-40. [PMID: 26874942 PMCID: PMC11029164 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are considered crucial for the elimination of emerging tumor cells. Effector NK-cell functions are controlled by interactions of inhibitory and activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands on target cells. KIR and HLA are highly polymorphic genetic systems segregating independently, creating a great diversity in KIR/HLA gene profiles in different individuals. There is an increasing evidence supporting the relevance of KIR and HLA ligand gene background for the occurrence and outcome of certain cancers. However, the data are still controversial and the mechanisms of receptor-ligand mediated NK-cell action remain unclear. Here, the main characteristics and functions of KIRs and their HLA class I ligands are reviewed. In addition, we review the HLA and KIR correlations with different hematological malignancies and discuss our current understanding of the biological significance and mechanisms underlying these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Varbanova
- National Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment of Haematological Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elissaveta Naumova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University, 1, Georgi Sofiiski Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasiya Mihaylova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital "Alexandrovska", Medical University, 1, Georgi Sofiiski Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhen J, He L, Xu Y, Zhao J, Yu Q, Zou H, Sun G, Deng Z. Allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 in a southern Chinese population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:362-7. [PMID: 26423800 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 segregate as alleles of the same killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene locus. They have been associated with viral infectious diseases and certain cancers and their allelic information may help to better comprehend mechanisms. The allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 has been shown to influence their binding specificity and affinity to the HLA-C1 ligands. The present study aims to investigate the distribution of the allelic polymorphism of KIR2DL2/2DL3 in a southern Chinese population using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) and PCR-sequence-based typing (SBT) at the entire coding sequence. Of the 306 tested individuals, 1.96% were positive for KIR2DL2 only, 78.10% for KIR2DL3 only, and 19.93% for both KIR2DL2 and 2DL3. KIR2DL3 showed a high degree of diversity in the study population with 15 alleles detected including 8 novel ones. The predominant 2DL3 allele in the study population is 2DL3*00101 (92.81%) followed by 2DL3*00201 (24.18%), 2DL3*023 (4.25%), and 2DL3*00109 (1.31%). The remaining 11 2DL3 alleles all had a frequency below 1%. Three detected 2DL2 alleles were 2DL2*00301 (18.95%), 2DL2*00101 (3.59%), and the novel 2DL2*013 (0.33%). These results provide further insight into the KIR gene diversity in Southern Chinese and may help to better understand the role played by KIR genes in associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - L He
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Xu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Zhao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Q Yu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Zou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Sun
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Deng
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marra J, Greene J, Hwang J, Du J, Damon L, Martin T, Venstrom JM. KIR and HLA genotypes predictive of low-affinity interactions are associated with lower relapse in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4222-30. [PMID: 25810393 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) bind cognate HLA class I ligands with distinct affinities, affecting NK cell licensing and inhibition. We hypothesized that differences in KIR and HLA class I genotypes predictive of varying degrees of receptor-ligand binding affinities influence clinical outcomes in autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using genomic DNA from a homogeneous cohort of 125 AML patients treated with AHCT, we performed KIR and HLA class I genotyping and found that patients with a compound KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Thr(+), HLA-Bw4-80Ile(-) genotype, predictive of low-affinity interactions, had a low incidence of relapse, compared with patients with a KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) genotype, predictive of high-affinity interactions (hazard ratio [HR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.78; p = 0.02). This effect was influenced by HLA-Bw4 copy number, such that relapse progressively increased with one copy of HLA-Bw4-80Ile (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.84-3.1; p = 0.15) to two to three copies (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5; p = 0.005) and progressively decreased with one to two copies of HLA-Bw4-80Thr (p = 0.13). Among KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) patients, a predicted low-affinity KIR2DL2/3(+) and HLA-C1/C1 genotype was associated with lower relapse than a predicted high-affinity KIR2DL1(+) and HLA-C2/C2 genotype (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.73; p = 0.01). Similarly, a KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Thr(+), HLA-Bw4-80Ile(-) genotype, or lack of KIR3DL1(+) and HLA-Bw4-80Ile(+) genotype, rescued KIR2DL1(+) and HLA-C2/C2 patients from high relapse (p = 0.007). These findings support a role for NK cell graft-versus-leukemia activity modulated by NK cell receptor-ligand affinities in AHCT for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Marra
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Justin Greene
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Jimmy Hwang
- Biostatistics Core, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Lloyd Damon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Tom Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Jeffrey M Venstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Comparison of the KIR3DS1/Bw4 distribution in Chinese healthy and acute myeloid leukemia individuals. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:79-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
16
|
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Thai patients with leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:673-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Dastmalchi R, Farazmand A, Noshad S, Mozafari M, Mahmoudi M, Esteghamati A, Amirzargar A. Polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their HLA ligands in Graves' disease. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5367-74. [PMID: 24852304 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) play a pivotal role in commencement of both innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of KIRs is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disorders. This study was designed to assess whether polymorphisms in KIR gene family and their respective HLA class I ligands confer protection or susceptibly to Graves' disease (GD). Eighty patients with confirmed GD (cases) and 176 healthy unrelated subjects (controls) were recruited. Using a polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer directed method (PCR-SSP), presence or absence of KIR genes and their HLA ligands were determined. No significant differences were observed between case and control groups regarding individual KIR gene frequencies (p > 0.05 in all cases). The frequency of group A haplotype (the most common KIR haplotype, encompassing 2DL1/2DL3/3DL1/2DS4/2DP1/3DP1/2DL4/3DL2/3DL3), was not different between individuals with and without GD. Moreover, among all other haplotypes (group Bx), no significant differences regarding distribution of centromeric and telomeric gene clusters were identifiable. Inhibitory/activatory gene contents were also comparable between the two groups. Four models of KIR-HLA interaction (inhibition, activation, unrestrained inhibition, and unrestrained activation) were constructed. No combination proved to confer susceptibility to, or offer protection against GD. It seems that the contribution of KIR gene polymorphism to natural killer cell dysfunction and other autoimmune abnormalities observed in GD is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Dastmalchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Davies JOJ, Stringaris K, Barrett AJ, Rezvani K. Opportunities and limitations of natural killer cells as adoptive therapy for malignant disease. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1453-1466. [PMID: 24856895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells can be readily generated for adoptive therapy with current techniques, their optimal application to treat malignant diseases requires an appreciation of the dynamic balance between signals that either synergize with or antagonize each other. Individuals display wide differences in NK function that determine their therapeutic efficacy. The ability of NK cells to kill target cells or produce cytokines depends on the balance between signals from activating and inhibitory cell-surface receptors. The selection of NK cells with a predominant activating profile is critical for delivering successful anti-tumor activity. This can be achieved through selection of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-mismatched NK donors and by use of blocking molecules against inhibitory pathways. Optimum NK cytotoxicity may require licensing or priming with tumor cells. Recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular biology of NK cells inform in the design of new strategies, including adjuvant therapies, to maximize the cytotoxic potential of NK cells for adoptive transfer to treat human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James O J Davies
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Stringaris
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baier C, Fino A, Sanchez C, Farnault L, Rihet P, Kahn-Perlès B, Costello RT. Natural killer cells modulation in hematological malignancies. Front Immunol 2013; 4:459. [PMID: 24391641 PMCID: PMC3867693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HM) treatment improved over the last years resulting in increased achievement of complete or partial remission, but unfortunately high relapse rates are still observed, due to remaining minimal residual disease. Therefore, sustainment of long-term remission is crucial, using either drug maintenance treatment or by boosting or prolonging an immune response. Immune system has a key role in tumor surveillance. Nonetheless, tumor-cells evade the specific T-lymphocyte mediated immune surveillance using many mechanisms but especially by the down-regulation of the expression of HLA class I antigens. In theory, these tumor-cells lacking normal expression of HLA class I molecules should be destroyed by natural killer (NK) cells, according to the missing-self hypothesis. NK cells, at the frontier of innate and adaptive immune system, have a central role in tumor-cells surveillance as demonstrated in the setting of allogenic stem cell transplantation. Nevertheless, tumors develop various mechanisms to escape from NK innate immune pressure. Abnormal NK cytolytic functions have been described in many HM. We present here various mechanisms involved in the escape of HM from NK-cell surveillance, i.e., NK-cells quantitative and qualitative abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Baier
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France
| | - Aurore Fino
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France
| | | | - Laure Farnault
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; Service d'hématologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Conception , Marseille , France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France
| | - Brigitte Kahn-Perlès
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France
| | - Régis T Costello
- UMR1090 TAGC, INSERM , Marseille , France ; UMR1090 TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; Service d'hématologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Conception , Marseille , France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sanchez-Correa B, Morgado S, Gayoso I, Bergua JM, Casado JG, Arcos MJ, Bengochea ML, Duran E, Solana R, Tarazona R. Human NK cells in acute myeloid leukaemia patients: analysis of NK cell-activating receptors and their ligands. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1195-205. [PMID: 21644031 PMCID: PMC11028638 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell activation is strictly regulated to ensure that healthy cells are preserved, but tumour-transformed or virus-infected cells are recognized and eliminated. To carry out this selective killing, NK cells have an ample repertoire of receptors on their surface. Signalling by inhibitory and activating receptors by interaction with their ligands will determine whether the NK cell becomes activated and kills the target cell. Here, we show reduced expression of NKp46, NKp30, DNAM-1, CD244 and CD94/NKG2C activating receptors on NK cells from acute myeloid leukaemia patients. This reduction may be induced by chronic exposure to their ligands on leukaemic blasts. The analysis of ligands for NK cell-activating receptors showed that leukaemic blasts from the majority of patients express ligands for NK cell-activating receptors. DNAM-1 ligands are frequently expressed on blasts, whereas the expression of the NKG2D ligand MICA/B is found in half of the patients and CD48, a ligand for CD244, in only one-fourth of the patients. The decreased expression of NK cell-activating receptors and/or the heterogeneous expression of ligands for major receptors on leukaemic blasts can lead to an inadequate tumour immunosurveillance by NK cells. A better knowledge of the activating receptor repertoire on NK cells and their putative ligands on blasts together with the possibility to modulate their expression will open new possibilities for the use of NK cells in immunotherapy against leukaemia.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunomodulation
- Immunotherapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Ligands
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tumor Escape
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sanchez-Correa
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Sara Morgado
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gayoso
- Immunology Unit, Instituto Maimonides para la Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC)-University of Cordoba-Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Bergua
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier G. Casado
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Arcos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain
| | | | - Esther Duran
- Histology and Pathology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Immunology Unit, Instituto Maimonides para la Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC)-University of Cordoba-Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel associations between activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and childhood leukemia. Blood 2011; 118:1323-8. [PMID: 21613255 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-10-313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of pre-B cells (pre-B ALL) is the most frequent form of leukemia affecting children in Western countries. Evidence is accumulating that genetic factors play an important role in conferring susceptibility/resistance to leukemia in children. In this regard, activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are of particular interest. Humans may inherit different numbers of the 6 distinct activating KIR genes. Little is known about the impact of this genetic variation on the innate susceptibility or resistance of humans to the development of B-ALL. We addressed this issue by performing a case-control study in Canadian children of white origin. Our results show that harboring activating KIR genes is associated with reduced risk for developing B-ALL in these children. Of the 6 activating KIR genes, KIR2DS2 was maximally associated with decreased risk for the disease (P = 1.14 × 10(-7)). Furthermore, our results showed that inheritance of a higher number of activating KIR genes was associated with significant reductions in risk for ALL in children. These results were also consistent across different ALL phenotypes, which included children with pre-T cell ALL. Our study provides novel insights concerning the pathogenesis of childhood leukemia in white children and has implications for the development of new immunotherapies for this cancer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Khouri IF, Bassett R, Poindexter N, O'Brien S, Bueso-Ramos CE, Hsu Y, Ferrajoli A, Keating MJ, Champlin R, Fernandez-Vina M. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: long-term follow-up, prognostic factors, and effect of human leukocyte histocompatibility antigen subtype on outcome. Cancer 2011; 117:4679-88. [PMID: 21455998 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (NST) in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not well established. The authors report on long-term experience with NST in relapsed/refractory CLL and define prognostic factors associated with outcome. METHODS The authors reviewed the outcome of 86 patients with relapsed/relapsed CLL enrolled in sequential NST protocols. RESULTS The median patient age was 58 years. Patients were heavily pretreated before transplantation, and 43 required immunomanipulation after NST for persistent or recurrent disease. Immunomanipulation included withdrawal of immunosuppression, rituximab, and step-wise donor lymphocyte infusions. Of 43 patients receiving immunomanipulation, 20 (47%) experienced a complete remission. Patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype A1(+) /A2(-) /B44(-) were more likely to experience a complete remission (P = .0009), with rates of 9%, 36%, 50%, and 91%, respectively, for 0, 1, 2, and 3 of these HLA factors. This resulted in significant improvement in progression-free-survival rates of 68.2% at 5 years for patients with all 3 HLA factors. Overall, the estimated 5-year survival rate was 51%. In a multivariate model, a CD4 count of <100/mm(3) and a below normal serum immunoglobulin G level at study entry were associated with a short survival duration (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the potential cure of relapsed/refractory CLL with NST and provide the first evidence that immunoglobulin G and CD4 levels are predictive of overall survival after NST in CLL and that human leukocyte antigen alleles predict response to immunomanipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issa F Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Middleton D, Diler AS, Meenagh A, Sleator C, Gourraud PA. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR2DL2 and/or KIR2DS2) in presence of their ligand (HLA-C1 group) protect against chronic myeloid leukaemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 73:553-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Feuchtinger T, Pfeiffer M, Pfaffle A, Teltschik HM, Wernet D, Schumm M, Lotfi R, Handgretinger R, Lang P. Cytolytic activity of NK cell clones against acute childhood precursor-B-cell leukaemia is influenced by HLA class I expression on blasts and the differential KIR phenotype of NK clones. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 43:875-81. [PMID: 19151793 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Relapse after allo-SCT in patients with acute leukaemia remains a major problem. A beneficial impact of alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells has been reported for myeloid malignancies, but has been questionable for B-lineage ALL. We analysed lysis of primary paediatric precursor-B-ALL blasts by 285 NK cell clones to investigate whether HLA class I expression on the blasts and phenotypic killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) expression on NK cells affect the lytic activity against ALL blasts. Precursor-B-ALL blasts with low HLA-I expression were lysed by a majority (79%) of NK cell clones, whereas those with high HLA-I expression showed low susceptibility to NK clones independent of their KIR expression patterns. NK cell activity against susceptible blasts was regulated by differential surface expression of the three major KIRs (CD158a, CD158b, CD158e). NK clones with none of these three KIRs or a single KIR that recognized no ligand, were not inhibited by the targets and exerted higher lysis (P = <0.0005) in comparison to NK clones expressing KIRs with a ligand on the ALL blasts. In conclusion, the quantity of HLA-I expression on precursor-B-ALL blast regulates overall NK cell susceptibility; in case of reduced HLA expression, differential surface expression of KIRs affects NK cell alloreactivity against those blasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Feuchtinger
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Giebel S, Nowak I, Majorczyk E, Kusnierczyk P. Reply to Verheyden and Demanet. Leukemia 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Verheyden S, Demanet C. Reply to: Association of KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with leukemia. Leukemia 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Giebel S, Nowak I, Wojnar J, Krawczyk-Kulis M, Holowiecki J, Kyrcz-Krzemien S, Kusnierczyk P. Association of KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 22:2129-30; discussion 2130-1. [PMID: 18463675 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. Natural killer cells, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leucocyte antigen class I in disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:1-8. [PMID: 17521317 PMCID: PMC1942026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells constitute a potent, rapid part of the innate immune response to infection or transformation, and also generate a link to priming of adaptive immunity. Their function can encompass direct cytotoxicity as well as the release of cytokines and chemokines. In humans, a major component of natural killer (NK) cell target recognition depends mainly on the surveillance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules by killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Different KIR can transmit inhibitory or activatory signals to the cell, and effector function is considered to result from the balance of these contributing signals. The regulation of NK cell responses depends on a number of variables: KIR genotype, HLA genotype, heterozygosity versus homozygosity for these, whether there is cognate recognition between the HLA and KIR products carried by an individual, clonal variation between individual NK cells in KIR expression, and the specific modulation of HLA expression by infection, transformation or peptide binding. Different HLA/KIR genotypes can impart different thresholds of activation to the NK cell repertoire and such genotypic variation has been found to confer altered risk in a number of diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility and progression, hepatitis C virus clearance, idiopathic bronchiectasis, autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|