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Toker L, Belmaker RH, Agam G. Gene-expression studies in understanding the mechanism of action of lithium. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 12:93-7. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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2
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Wang T, Zeng Z, Hu Z, Zheng L, Li T, Li Y, Liu J, Li J, Feng G, He L, Shi Y. FGFR2 is associated with bipolar disorder: a large-scale case-control study of three psychiatric disorders in the Chinese Han population. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13:599-604. [PMID: 22404656 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.650203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Repetitive linkage analyses have indicated 10q25-q26 as a shared risk region for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD). A genome-wide association study and follow-up recently identified a significant association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of this region (rs17101921) and SCZ. The nearest gene to this SNP is fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). METHODS We carried out a large scale case-control study to test the association between FGFR2 and three major psychiatric disorders: SCZ, BPD and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the Chinese Han population. Eight tag SNPs were genotyped using Taqman assay in 1139 BPD patients, 1112 SCZ patients, 1119 MDD patients and 1135 shared healthy controls. RESULTS After correcting the multiple tests by permutation, one SNP (rs11199993), and a haplotype including this SNP, was found to be significantly associated with BPD. Potential population stratification in our samples was analyzed using 70 additional random SNPs dispersed on different chromosomes. No population stratification was detected, so our results could not be affected by this cofounding factor. Limitations of our study include incomplete coverage and insufficient power to detect association for relatively small odds ratio. CONCLUSIONS Association between FGFR2 and BPD is worthy of further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Wang
- Bio-X Institutes and Affiliated Changning Mental Health Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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3
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Su YN, Tsai FJ, Wu PC, Town DD, Chen LF, Lee MS, Wang W. Rapid aneuploidy diagnosis of partial trisomy 7q (7q34→qter) and partial monosomy 10q (10q26.12→qter) by array comparative genomic hybridization using uncultured amniocytes. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:93-9. [PMID: 22482977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present rapid aneuploidy diagnosis (RAD) of partial trisomy 7q (7q34→qter) and partial monosomy 10q (10q26.12→qter) by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using uncultured amniocytes. CASE REPORT A 34-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, woman underwent amniocentesis at 20 weeks of gestation because of a previous mentally retarded child with an unbalanced reciprocal translocation inherited from the carrier father who had a karyotype of 46,XY,t(7;10) (q34;q26.12). Her first child was initially found to have a normal karyotype by routine cytogenetic analysis, but a cryptic chromosomal abnormality was subsequently diagnosed by aCGH. During this pregnancy, RAD by oligonucleotide-based aCGH using uncultured amniocytes revealed a 16.4-Mb duplication of 7q34-q36.3 and a 12.7-Mb deletion of 10q26.12-q26.3. Conventional cytogenetic analysis using cultured amniocytes revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,der(10)t(7;10)(q34;q26.12)pat. The parents elected to terminate the pregnancy. A malformed female fetus was delivered with a high prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, a broad depressed nasal bridge, a prominent nose with anteverted nostrils, micrognathia, a short neck, large low-set ears, clinodactyly, small big toes, and normal female external genitalia. CONCLUSION aCGH is a useful tool for RAD of subtle chromosomal rearrangements in pregnancy, especially under the circumstance of a previous abnormal child with an unbalanced translocation derived from a parental subtle reciprocal translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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4
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Identification of chromosome abnormalities in screening of a family with manic depression and psoriasis: predisposition to aneuploidy. Asian J Psychiatr 2012; 5:169-74. [PMID: 22813662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis is an important stage in understanding the genetic background of manic depression (MD), and may provide a valuable clue to the identification of target loci and successful search for major genes. In order to identify chromosomal regions we aimed to detect the relationships between chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and immunological markers in a family with MD and psoriasis. We used the cell cultivation and conventional G-banding. We found predominantly numerical aberrations. The most common aneuploidy was chromosome 8, followed by chromosome 22, 21, 15, X and Y. However, structural aberrations consisted of duplications, deletions, translocations and breaks, with a focus on: loci on del(1)(q12-q23), del(1)(q21.1-q24), del(1)(q21.1-q23), del(10)(p11.2-pter), der(2)t(2;4)(p25;p12), t(2;22)(p14;p13), t(19;Y)? and dup(10)(q26). The susceptibility genes of MD or psoriasis may be located on these loci. Numerical sex CAs included 4(5.8%) with 45,X, 3(4.3%) with 47,XXY, and 4(5.8%) with structural chromosome X; del(X)(q13); del(X)(p11-pter) del(X)(q21.3) and inv(Y)(q11.2). We also conducted an immunological study. According results of this study, the percentage of CD2+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of the father were significantly higher, whereas CD4+ lymphocytes were decreased in the mother, when compared the healthy persons. The percentage of CD4 level of the son was decreased, whereas CD8+ lymphocytes were higher. The CD4/CD8 ratio of the father and the son was found to be significantly high. These results may suggest that MD and psoriasis have a significant impact on both genetic and immunological parameters.
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5
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Wang KS, Liu X, Aragam N, Mullersman JE, Jian X, Pan Y, Liu Y. Polymorphisms in ABLIM1 are associated with personality traits and alcohol dependence. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:265-71. [PMID: 21547531 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits like novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), and reward dependence (RD) are known to be moderately heritable (30-60%). These personality traits and their comorbidities, such as alcohol dependence (AD), may share genetic components. We examined 11,120 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 292 nuclear families from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). A family-based association analysis was performed using the FBAT program. NS, HA, and RD were treated as quantitative traits and AD as a binary trait. Based on a multivariate association test of three quantitative traits in FBAT, we observed 20 SNPs with p < 10(-3). Interestingly, several genes (TESK2, TIPARP, THEMIS, ABLIM1, RFX4, STON2 and LILRA1) are associated with three personality traits with p < 10(-3) using single trait analysis and AD. Especially, SNP rs727532 within ABLIM1 gene at 10q25 showed the most significant association (p = 6.4 × 10(-5)) in the multivariate test and strong associations with NS, HA, RD, and AD (p = 4.48 × 10(-4), 1.2 × 10(-5), 5.6 × 10(-5), 3.12 × 10(-4), respectively) in the COGA sample. In addition, the association of rs727532 with AD was confirmed in a replication study. This study reports some newly recognized associations between several genetic loci and both AD and three personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1700, USA.
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6
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Del Zompo M, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Piccardi M, Dib C, Muzard G, Soubigou S, Derock M, Fournel R, Vaubien Y, Roche S, Bowen-Squires L, Génin E, Cousin E, Deleuze JF, Biguet NF, Mallet J, Meloni R. Genome-scan for bipolar disorder with sib-pair families in the Sardinian population: a new susceptibility locus on chromosome 1p22-p21? Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1200-8. [PMID: 20468074 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the genetic factors implicated in the predisposition to complex diseases may greatly profit from genetic studies in isolated populations. In this perspective, we performed a genome-wide scan using 507 microsatellite markers, with an average interval size of 7.6 cM, on a sample of 88 nuclear families with at least two affected sibs with bipolar disorder recruited in the Sardinian population. An initial analysis yielded non-parametric linkage exceeding 3.4 with P-values <0.0003 at two adjacent markers, D1S206 and D1S435 in the 1p22-p21 chromosomal region. Moreover, positive linkage ranging between 2.0 and 3.0 was obtained for other loci in several cases in regions that have already been linked to predisposition to bipolar disorder, such as 5p15.33, 8q24.13, and 11q14.3. A subsequent analysis of the 1p22-p21 region using the same set of families and a dense panel of 20 new microsatellite markers, spaced at 1.2 cM on average, reinforced the finding of suggestive linkage for this region. Interestingly, NPL values above 2.1 and P-values <0.02 were obtained for a cluster of 10 markers comprising D1S435. Thus, this study suggests that the 1p22-p21 region may contain a new locus participating to the genetic susceptibility to bipolar disorder and reproduces positive linkage for several other loci already implicated in this pathology. Since the Sardinian population presents a peculiar genetic homogeneity, these results may pave the way to further studies for replication in this population contributing to the rapid discovery of the genetic factors predisposing to bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Zompo
- Center of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Neurosciences B.B. Brodie, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 46, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Flaquer A, Jamra RA, Etterer K, Díaz GO, Rivas F, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Strauch K. A new susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder in PAR1 on Xp22.3/Yp11.3. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1110-4. [PMID: 20333728 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the findings of a linkage study of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) that involve the pseudoautosomal region 1 of the human sex chromosomes. We analyzed a substantial subset of pedigrees (89 families of German and Spanish origin; 661 participants; 298 affected individuals) from the large collection of BPAD-affected families with which a genomewide linkage analysis was previously performed and where the pseudoautosomal regions were poorly covered. Nonparametric linkage (Z(lr)) scores were calculated. The highest Z(lr) scores were obtained on Xp22.3/Yp11.3 in the Spanish subsample (DXS1071; Z(lr) = 3.54, P(empirical) = 0.0009 for the broad definition of affection sttuts; Z(lr) = 2.63, P(empirical) = 0.0129 for the medium definition of affection status; Z(lr) = 2.12, P(empirical) = 0.0429 for the narrow definition of affection status). Empirical P-values are adjusted using the Bonferroni correction to account for the testing of three affection status definitions. This region has not drawn much attention in previous linkage studies of BPAD. On the basis of these results, Xp22.3/Yp11.3 should now be considered a candidate region for BPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antònia Flaquer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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8
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Patel SD, Le-Niculescu H, Koller DL, Green SD, Lahiri DK, McMahon FJ, Nurnberger JI, Niculescu AB. Coming to grips with complex disorders: genetic risk prediction in bipolar disorder using panels of genes identified through convergent functional genomics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:850-77. [PMID: 20468069 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously proposed and provided proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), combining gene expression and genetic data, from human and animal model studies, as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics-only approach [Le-Niculescu et al., 2009b]. CFG provides a fit-to-disease prioritization of genes that leads to generalizability in independent cohorts, and counterbalances the fit-to-cohort prioritization inherent in classic genetic-only approaches, which have been plagued by poor reproducibility across cohorts. We have now extended our previous work to include more datasets of GWAS, and more recent evidence from other lines of work. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder. Biological pathway analyses identified top canonical pathways, and epistatic interaction testing inside these pathways has identified genes that merit future follow-up as direct interactors (intra-pathway epistasis, INPEP). Moreover, we have put together a panel of best P-value single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on the top candidate genes we identified. We have developed a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) based on our panel, and demonstrate how in two independent test cohorts the GRPS differentiates between subjects with bipolar disorder and normal controls, in both European-American and African-American populations. Lastly, we describe a prototype of how such testing could be used to categorize disease risk in individuals and aid personalized medicine approaches, in psychiatry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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9
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Alkelai A, Kohn Y, Olender T, Sarner-Kanyas K, Rigbi A, Hamdan A, Ben-Asher E, Lancet D, Lerer B. Evidence for an interaction of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosome 6q23.3 and 10q24.33-q26.13 in Arab Israeli families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:914-25. [PMID: 19152384 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A genome scan for schizophrenia related loci in Arab Israeli families by Lerer et al. [Lerer et al. (2003); Mol Psychiatry 8:488-498] detected significant evidence for linkage at chromosome 6q23. Subsequent fine mapping [Levi et al. (2005); Eur J Hum Genet 13:763-771], association [Amann-Zalcenstein et al. (2006); Eur J Hum Genet 14:1111-1119] and replication studies [Ingason et al. (2007); Eur J Hum Genet 15:988-991] identified AHI1 as a putative susceptibility gene. The same genome scan revealed suggestive evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus in the 10q23-26 region. Genes at these two loci may act independently in the pathogenesis of the disease in our homogeneous sample of Arab Israeli families or may interact with each other and with other factors in a common biological pathway. The purpose of our current study was to test the hypothesis of genetic interaction between these two loci and to identify the type of interaction between them. The initial stage of our study focused on the 10q23-q26 region which has not been explored further in our sample. The second stage of the study included a test for possible genetic interaction between the 6q23.3 locus and the refined 10q24.33-q26.13 locus. A final candidate region of 19.9 Mb between markers D10S222 (105.3 Mb) and D10S587 (125.2 Mb) was found on chromosome 10 by non-parametric and parametric linkage analyses. These linkage findings are consistent with previous reports in the same chromosomal region. Two-locus multipoint linkage analysis under three complex disease inheritance models (heterogeneity, multiplicative, and additive models) yielded a best maximum LOD score of 7.45 under the multiplicative model suggesting overlapping function of the 6q23.3 and 10q24.33-q26.13 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alkelai
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Zöllner S, Su G, Stewart WCL, Chen Y, McInnis MG, Burmeister M. Bayesian EM algorithm for scoring polymorphic deletions from SNP data and application to a common CNV on 8q24. Genet Epidemiol 2009; 33:357-68. [PMID: 19085946 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome provide exciting candidates for functional polymorphisms. Hence, we now assess association between CNV carrier status and diseases status by evaluating the signal intensity of SNP genotyping assays. Here, we present a novel statistical method designed to perform such inference and apply this method to a known CNV in a bipolar disorder linkage region. Using Bayesian computations we calculate the posterior probability for carrier status of a CNV in each individual of a sample by jointly analyzing genotype information and hybridization intensity. We model the signal intensity as a mixture of normal distributions, allowing for locus-specific and allele-specific distributions. Using an expectation maximization algorithm we estimate the parameters of these distributions and use these estimates for inferring carrier status of each individual and for the boundaries of the CNV. We applied the method to a sample of 3,512 individuals to a previously described common deletion on 8q24, a region consistently showing linkage to bipolar disorder, and unambiguously inferred 172 heterozygous and 1 homozygous deletion carrier. We observed no significant association between bipolar disorder and carrier status. We carefully assessed the validity of the inferred carrier status and observed no indication of errors. Furthermore, the algorithm precisely identifies the boundaries of the CNV. Finally, we assessed the power of this algorithm to detect shorter CNVs by sub-sampling from the SNPs covered by this deletion, demonstrating that our EM algorithm produces precise estimates of carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA.
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11
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Yatsenko SA, Kruer MC, Bader PI, Corzo D, Schuette J, Keegan CE, Nowakowska B, Peacock S, Cai WW, Peiffer DA, Gunderson KL, Ou Z, Chinault AC, Cheung SW. Identification of critical regions for clinical features of distal 10q deletion syndrome. Clin Genet 2009; 76:54-62. [PMID: 19558528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization studies were performed to further characterize cytogenetic abnormalities found originally by karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization in five clinical cases of distal 10q deletions, including several with complex cytogenetic rearrangements and one with a partial male-to-female sex-reversal phenotype. These results have enabled us to narrow the previously proposed critical regions for the craniofacial, urogenital, and neuropsychiatric disease-related manifestations associated with distal 10q deletion syndrome. Furthermore, we propose that haploinsufficiency of the DOCK1 gene may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the 10q deletion syndrome. We hypothesize that alteration of DOCK1 and/or other genes involved in regulation and signaling of multiple pathways can explain the wide range of phenotypic variability between patients with similar or identical cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Yatsenko
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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O’Donovan M, Norton N, Williams H, Peirce T, Moskvina V, Nikolov I, Hamshere M, Carroll L, Georgieva L, Dwyer S, Holmans P, Marchini JL, Spencer C, Howie B, Leung HT, Giegling I, Hartmann A, Möller HJ, Morris D, Shi Y, Feng G, Hoffmann P, Propping P, Vasilescu C, Maier W, Rietschel M, Zammit S, Schumacher J, Quinn E, Schulze T, Iwata N, Ikeda M, Darvasi A, Shifman S, He L, Duan J, Sanders A, Levinson D, Adolfsson R, Ösby U, Terenius L, Jönsson EG, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Gill M, Corvin A, Rujescu D, Gejman P, Kirov G, Craddock N, Williams N, Owen M. Analysis of 10 independent samples provides evidence for association between schizophrenia and a SNP flanking fibroblast growth factor receptor 2. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:30-6. [PMID: 18813210 PMCID: PMC3016613 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We and others have previously reported linkage to schizophrenia on chromosome 10q25-q26 but, to date, a susceptibility gene in the region has not been identified. We examined data from 3606 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to 10q25-q26 that had been typed in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of schizophrenia (479 UK cases/2937 controls). SNPs with P<0.01 (n=40) were genotyped in an additional 163 UK cases and those markers that remained nominally significant at P<0.01 (n=22) were genotyped in replication samples from Ireland, Germany and Bulgaria consisting of a total of 1664 cases with schizophrenia and 3541 controls. Only one SNP, rs17101921, was nominally significant after meta-analyses across the replication samples and this was genotyped in an additional six samples from the United States/Australia, Germany, China, Japan, Israel and Sweden (n=5142 cases/6561 controls). Across all replication samples, the allele at rs17101921 that was associated in the GWAS showed evidence for association independent of the original data (OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06-1.29), P=0.0009). The SNP maps 85 kb from the nearest gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) making this a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. O’Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - N. Norton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - H. Williams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - T. Peirce
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - V. Moskvina
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - I. Nikolov
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - M. Hamshere
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - L. Carroll
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - L. Georgieva
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - S Dwyer
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - P. Holmans
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - J. L. Marchini
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - C.C.A. Spencer
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - B. Howie
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | - H-T. Leung
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - I. Giegling
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - A.M. Hartmann
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - H.-J. Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - D.W. Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Y. Shi
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R.China
| | - G. Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - P. Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Propping
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Vasilescu
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Rietschel
- Central Institute for Mental Health, Division Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S. Zammit
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - J. Schumacher
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda MD 20892-3719, USA
| | - E.M. Quinn
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - T.G. Schulze
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda MD 20892-3719, USA
| | - N. Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
,CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M. Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
,CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - A. Darvasi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - S. Shifman
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - L. He
- Bio-X Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R.China
,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - J. Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (ENH) The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
,Feinberg School of Medicine, The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
| | - A.R. Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (ENH) The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
,Feinberg School of Medicine, The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
| | - D.F. Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Adolfsson
- Clinical Sciences and Psychiatry, SE-901 87 Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - U. Ösby
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, HUBIN project, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - S. Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
,Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. M. Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
,Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - A.P. Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - D. Rujescu
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - P.V. Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (ENH) The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
,Feinberg School of Medicine, The Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60201, USA
| | - G. Kirov
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - N. Craddock
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - N.M. Williams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - M.J. Owen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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13
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Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Venken T, Alaerts M, Souery D, Goossens D, Sluijs S, Navon R, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J, Del-Favero J, Claes S. Chromosome 10q harbors a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder in Ashkenazi Jewish families. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:442-50. [PMID: 17579605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4002039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a 10 cM density genome-wide scan and further fine mapping of three chromosomal candidate regions in 10 Belgian multigenerational families with bipolar (BP) disorder. This two-stage approach revealed significant evidence for linkage on chromosome 10q21.3-10q22.3, showing a maximum multipoint parametric heterogeneity logarithm of odds (HLOD) score of 3.28 and a nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 4.00. Most of the chromosome 10q evidence was derived from a single, large Ashkenazi Jewish pedigree. Haplotype analysis in this pedigree shows that the patients share a 14-marker haplotype, defining a chromosomal candidate region of 19.2 cM. This region was reported previously as a candidate region for BP disorder in several independent linkage analysis studies and in one large meta-analysis. It was also implicated in a linkage study on schizophrenia (SZ) in Ashkenazi Jewish families. Additionally, we found suggestive evidence for linkage on chromosome 19q13.2-13.4 (HLOD 2.01, NPL 1.09) and chromosome 7q21-q22 (HLOD 1.45, NPL 2.28). Together, these observations suggest that a gene located on chromosome 10q21.3-10q22.3 is underlying the susceptibility both for SZ and for BP disorder in at least the Ashkenazi Jewish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Venken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
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15
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Savitz J, Cupido CL, Ramesar RK. Preliminary evidence for linkage to chromosome 1q31-32, 10q23.3, and 16p13.3 in a South African cohort with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:383-7. [PMID: 17171663 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the genetic variants predisposing to the development of bipolar disorder (BPD) have yet to be conclusively identified, replicated reports of linkage to particular chromosomal regions have been encouraging. Here we carried out a non-parametric linkage analysis of nine of these candidate loci in a unique South African sample of 47 BPD pedigrees (N = 350). Three polymorphic markers per region of interest (3 x 9) were typed in a Caucasian cohort of Afrikaner and British origin. Statistically significant evidence for linkage was obtained at 1q31-32, 10q23.3, and 16p13.3 with maximum NPL scores of 2.52, 2.01, and 1.84, respectively. Our results add to the growing evidence that these chromosomal regions harbor genetic variants that play a role in the development of bipolar spectrum illness. Negative results were obtained for the remaining six candidate loci, possibly due to limited statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Savitz
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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16
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Venken T, Del-Favero J. Chasing genes for mood disorders and schizophrenia in genetically isolated populations. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:1156-70. [PMID: 17659644 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major affective disorders and schizophrenia are among the most common brain diseases worldwide and their predisposition is influenced by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. So far, traditional linkage mapping studies for these complex disorders have not achieved the same success as the positional cloning of genes for Mendelian diseases. The struggle to identify susceptibility genes for complex disorders has stimulated the development of alternative approaches, including studies in genetically isolated populations. Since isolated populations are likely to have both a reduced number of genetic vulnerability factors and environmental background and are therefore considered to be more homogeneous compared to outbred populations, the use of isolated populations in genetic studies is expected to improve the chance of finding susceptibility loci and genes. Here we review the role of isolated populations, based on linkage and association studies, in the identification of susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Venken
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
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17
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Detera-Wadleigh SD, McMahon FJ. G72/G30 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:106-14. [PMID: 16581030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Association of the G72/G30 locus with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has now been reported in several studies. The G72/G30 locus may be one of several that account for the evidence of linkage that spans a broad region of chromosome 13q. However, the story of G72/G30 is complex. Our meta-analysis of published association studies shows highly significant evidence of association between nucleotide variations in the G72/G30 region and schizophrenia, along with compelling evidence of association with bipolar disorder. But the associated alleles and haplotypes are not identical across studies, and some strongly associated variants are located approximately 50 kb telomeric of G72. Interestingly, G72 and G30 are transcribed in opposite directions; hence, their transcripts could cross-regulate translation. A functional native protein and functional motifs for G72 or G30 remain to be demonstrated. The interaction of G72 with d-amino acid oxidase, itself of interest as a modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors through regulation of d-serine levels, has been reported in one study and could be a key functional link that deserves further investigation. The association findings in the G72/G30 region, among the most compelling in psychiatry, may expose an important molecular pathway involved in susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilla D Detera-Wadleigh
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA.
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18
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Courtens W, Wuyts W, Rooms L, Pera SB, Wauters J. A subterminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10: a clinical report and review. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:402-9. [PMID: 16419133 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl with mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and behavioral problems. A small terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 was detected by subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies in all analyzed metaphases. The deletion was shown to be a de novo terminal deletion of approximately 6.1 Mb, with the deletion breakpoint localized at band 10q26.2, between BAC probes RP11-498K22 and RP11-42K2. A subterminal 10q deletion as found in the present patient has, to our knowledge, only been reported in 15 patients (including 8 familial cases). We review the clinical and behavioral phenotype of these patients with "pure" subterminal 10q deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Courtens
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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19
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Hishimoto A, Shirakawa O, Nishiguchi N, Aoyama S, Ono H, Hashimoto T, Maeda K. Novel missense polymorphism in the regulator of G-protein signaling 10 gene: analysis of association with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 58:579-81. [PMID: 15482592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of neuronal signal transduction via G-protein has previously been speculated to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) is a protein that acts as a GTPase-activator for Galpha protein. A total of 33 Japanese patients with schizophrenia were screened for mutations in the coding region of the RGS10 gene, and a novel missense polymorphism (Val38Met) in the RGS domain was detected. A case-control study did not reveal a significant association between this polymorphism and schizophrenia. The results do not provide evidence that the RGS10 gene is involved in biological vulnerability to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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20
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Oswald P, Souery D, Mendlewicz J. Molecular genetics of affective disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28:865-77. [PMID: 15363609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for familial aggregation in Affective Disorders (AD) has been provided in classical studies. Linkage and association genetic studies have been proposed to detect genetic factors implicated in AD. However, findings from molecular genetic studies remain inconclusive. Nevertheless, current research is focusing on the phenotypes, both sub- and endophenotypes. In addition, recent advances in technology, such as microarrays, provide new tools in psychiatric genetics. These different approaches offer a new optimism era in the search of genetic factors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Oswald
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, 808 route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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21
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Concolino D, Iembo MA, Moricca MT, Strisciuglio P, Marotta R, Rossi E, Giglio S. Ring chromosome 10 (p15q26) in a patient with unipolar affective disorder, multiple minor anomalies, and mental retardation. Am J Med Genet A 2004; 123A:201-3. [PMID: 14598349 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
This article presents a conceptual review of the genetic underpinnings of psychotic mood disorders. Both unipolar and bipolar forms of mood disorder sometimes feature psychotic symptoms. Some evidence from epidemiological research suggests that psychotic forms of mood disorder specifically might be heritable. Linkage studies of mood disorders in general have also provided some support for that notion, as have associated studies involving serotonin and dopamine genes and psychotic mood disorder. Some research suggests there might be a genetic connection between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, undermining the Kraepelinian dichotomous classification of the psychoses. Future research should continue to examine psychotic forms of mood disorder using both epidemiological and molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming T Tsuang
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, 74 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Nurnberger JI, Foroud T. Research Provides Direction in Ongoing Search for Genetic Links to Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatr Ann 2004. [DOI: 10.3928/0048-5713-20040101-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Stassen HH, Bridler R, Hell D, Weisbrod M, Scharfetter C. Ethnicity-independent genetic basis of functional psychoses: a genotype-to-phenotype approach. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 124B:101-12. [PMID: 14681924 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functional psychoses schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar illness represent complex clinical syndromes that are characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Yet evidence from numerous studies suggests that (1) the prevalence of schizophrenia and bipolar illness is with 1% very similar across ethnicities, and (2) a strong genetic component is involved in the disorders' pathogenesis. Using data from different US-American ethnicities (77 families with a total of 17 unaffected and 170 affected sib pairs; 276 marker loci), we searched for ethnicity-independent oligogenic susceptibility loci for which the between-sib genetic similarity in affected sib pairs deviated from the expected values. Specifically, we addressed the question of the extent to which genetic risk factors and their interactions constitute multigenic inheritance of functional psychoses across populations and might constitute universal targets for treatment. Our novel multivariate genotype-to-phenotype search strategy was based on a genetic similarity function that allowed us to quantify the inter-individual genetic distances d(x(i), x(j)) between the allelic genotype patterns x(i), x(j) of any two subjects i, j with respect to n loci l(1), l(2), em leader l(n). Thus, we were able to assess the between-ethnicity, the within-ethnicity, and the within-family genetic similarities. The problem of ethnicity-independent vulnerability was addressed by treating the Afro-American families as "training" samples, while the non-Afro-American families served as independent "test" samples. We evaluated the between-sib similarities, which were expected to deviate from "0.5" in affected sib pairs if the region of interest contained markers close to vulnerability genes. The reference value "0.5" was derived from the parent-offspring similarities that are always 0.5, irrespective of the affection status of parents and offspring. We found 12 vulnerability loci on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 18, and 20, that were reproducible across the two samples under comparison and therefore, likely to constitute an ethnicity-independent, oligogenic vulnerability model of functional psychoses. The elevated vulnerability appeared to be unspecific and to act in such a way that exogenous factors become more likely to trigger the onset of psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Stassen
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Fallin MD, Lasseter VK, Wolyniec PS, McGrath JA, Nestadt G, Valle D, Liang KY, Pulver AE. Genomewide linkage scan for schizophrenia susceptibility loci among Ashkenazi Jewish families shows evidence of linkage on chromosome 10q22. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:601-11. [PMID: 12929083 PMCID: PMC1180684 DOI: 10.1086/378158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2003] [Accepted: 06/10/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous linkage studies in schizophrenia have been discouraging due to inconsistent findings and weak signals. Genetic heterogeneity has been cited as one of the primary culprits for such inconsistencies. We have performed a 10-cM autosomal genomewide linkage scan for schizophrenia susceptibility regions, using 29 multiplex families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Although there is no evidence that the rate of schizophrenia among the Ashkenazim differs from that in other populations, we have focused on this population in hopes of reducing genetic heterogeneity among families and increasing the detectable effects of any particular locus. We pursued both allele-sharing and parametric linkage analyses as implemented in Genehunter, version 2.0. Our strongest signal was achieved at chromosome 10q22.3 (D10S1686), with a nonparametric linkage score (NPL) of 3.35 (genomewide empirical P=.035) and a dominant heterogeneity LOD score (HLOD) of 3.14. Six other regions gave NPL scores >2.00 (on chromosomes 1p32.2, 4q34.3, 6p21.31, 7p15.2, 15q11.2, and 21q21.2). Upon follow-up with an additional 23 markers in the chromosome 10q region, our peak NPL score increased to 4.27 (D10S1774; empirical P=.00002), with a 95% confidence interval of 12.2 Mb for the location of the trait locus (D10S1677 to D10S1753). We find these results encouraging for the study of schizophrenia among Ashkenazi families and suggest further linkage and association studies in this chromosome 10q region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Daniele Fallin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Virginia K. Lasseter
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Paula S. Wolyniec
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - John A. McGrath
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - David Valle
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Kung-Yee Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Ann E. Pulver
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Pediatrics, Molecular Biology, and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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26
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Lerer B, Segman RH, Hamdan A, Kanyas K, Karni O, Kohn Y, Korner M, Lanktree M, Kaadan M, Turetsky N, Yakir A, Kerem B, Macciardi F. Genome scan of Arab Israeli families maps a schizophrenia susceptibility gene to chromosome 6q23 and supports a locus at chromosome 10q24. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:488-98. [PMID: 12808429 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder to which an as-yet-unknown number of genes contribute, interacting with each other and the environment. Linkage analyses have implicated several chromosomal regions as harboring schizophrenia susceptibility loci although rarely at levels commensurate with proposed thresholds for genome-wide significance. We systematically recruited Arab Israeli families multiply affected with schizophrenia from the catchment area of a Regional Mental Health Center. Clinical diagnoses were established by semistructured interviews and all other available sources of information under narrow, core and broad categories. Using 350 microsatellite markers, spaced at an average of 10.3 cM, we performed an autosomal scan in 155 subjects from 21 families. Linkage analysis employed affects only, multipoint, nonparametric (model-free) and also parametric (dominant and recessive) approaches. We detected significant evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility gene at chromosome 6q23 with a nonparametric LOD score (NPL) of 4.60 (P=0.000004) under the broad diagnostic category and a parametric LOD score of 3.33 (dominant model). Under the core diagnostic category the NPL was 4.29 (P=0.00001) and the LOD score 4.16 (dominant model). We also detected suggestive evidence for linkage at chromosome 10q24 under the broad diagnostic category (NPL 3.24, P=0.0008; heterogeneity LOD score, dominant model 2.65, alpha=0.82). Additionally, NPL scores >2.0 were observed at chromosome 2q37, 4p15-16, 7p22, 9q21-22 and 14q11.1-11.2. The linkage we detected at chromosome 6q23 fulfills the criteria for genome-wide significance and is located approximately midway between loci suggested by a previous significant report at chromosome 6q25 and findings located more centromerically at 6q21-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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27
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28
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Liu J, Juo SH, Dewan A, Grunn A, Tong X, Brito M, Park N, Loth JE, Kanyas K, Lerer B, Endicott J, Penchaszadeh G, Knowles JA, Ott J, Gilliam TC, Baron M. Evidence for a putative bipolar disorder locus on 2p13-16 and other potential loci on 4q31, 7q34, 8q13, 9q31, 10q21-24, 13q32, 14q21 and 17q11-12. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:333-42. [PMID: 12660806 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a severe and common psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme mood swings. Family, twin and adoption studies strongly support a genetic component. The mode of inheritance is complex and likely involves multiple, as yet unidentified genes. To identify susceptibility loci, we conducted a genome-wide scan with 343 microsatellite markers in one of the largest, well-characterized pedigree samples assembled to date (373 individuals in 40 pedigrees). To increase power to detect linkage, scan statistics were used to examine the logarithm of odds (lod) scores based on evidence at adjacent chromosomal loci. This analysis yielded significant evidence of linkage (genome-wide P&<0.05) for markers on 2p13-16. Standard linkage analysis was also supportive of linkage to 2p13-16 (lod=3.20), and identified several other interesting regions: 4q31 (lod=3.16), 7q34 (lod=2.78), 8q13 (lod=2.06), 9q31 (lod=2.07), 10q24 (lod=2.79), 13q32 (lod=2.2), 14q21 (lod=2.36) and 17q11-12 (lod=2.75). In this systematic, large-scale study, we identified novel putative loci for BP (on 2p13-16, 8q13 and 14q21) and found support for previously proposed loci (on 4q31, 7q34, 9q31, 10q21-24, 13q32 and 17q11-12). Two of the regions implicated in our study, 2p13-14 and 13q32, have also been linked to schizophrenia, suggesting that the two disorders may have susceptibility genes in common.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Lod Score
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Columbia Genome Center and Department o fPsychiatry, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Ewald H, Flint T, Kruse TA, Mors O. A genome-wide scan shows significant linkage between bipolar disorder and chromosome 12q24.3 and suggestive linkage to chromosomes 1p22-21, 4p16, 6q14-22, 10q26 and 16p13.3. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 7:734-44. [PMID: 12192618 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2001] [Revised: 10/04/2001] [Accepted: 11/21/2001] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a genomewide scan using linkage analysis for risk genes involved in bipolar disorder with 613 microsatellite markers including additional testing of promising regions. As previously published significant linkage was obtained at chromosome 12q24.3 with a two-point parametric lod score of 3.42 at D12S1639 including all members in both families (empirical P-value 0.00004, genome-wide P-value 0.0417). The multipoint parametric lod score at D12S1639 was 3.63 (genome-wide P-value 0.0265). At chromosome 1p22-p21 a parametric, affecteds-only two-point lod score of 2.75 at marker D1S216 was found (empirical P-value 0.0002, genome-wide P-value 0.1622). A three-point lod score of 2.98 (genome-wide P-value 0.1022) at D1S216, and a multipoint non-parametric analysis with a maximum NPL-all score of 17.60 (P-value 0.00079) at D1S216 further supported this finding. A number of additional loci on chromosomes 4p16, 6q14-q22, 10q26 and 16p13.3 yielded parametric lod scores around or above 2.
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MESH Headings
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Genome, Human
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Lod Score
- Male
- Pedigree
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ewald
- Department of Psychiatric Demography, Institute for Basic Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, Skovagervej, Risskov, Denmark.
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Baron M. Manic-depression genes and the new millennium: poised for discovery. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7:342-58. [PMID: 11986978 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2001] [Revised: 08/02/2001] [Accepted: 08/08/2001] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Manic-depressive illness is a common psychiatric disorder with complex etiology that likely involves multiple genes and non-genetic influences. The uncertain path to gene discovery has spurred considerable debate over genetic findings and gene-finding strategies. In this article, I review the main findings, with a focus on: (1) putative linked loci on chromosomes 1q31-32, 4p16, 6pter-p24, 10p14, 10q21-26, 12q23-24, 13q31-32, 18p11, 18q21-23, 21q22, 22q11-13, and Xq24-28; and (2) association studies with candidate genes, dynamic mutations, mitochondrial mutations, and chromosomal aberrations. Although no gene has been identified, promising findings are emerging. I then discuss the challenges and opportunities ahead, with special emphasis on gene-finding methods-in particular, questions pertaining to phenotype definition, linkage and association mapping, gene markers, sampling, study population, multigene systems, lessons from other disorders, animal models, and bioinformatics. The progress to date, together with rapid advances in genomics, analytical and computational methods, and bioinformatics, holds promise for new insights into the genetics of manic-depression, in the new millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baron
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of Medical Genetics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
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Merikangas KR, Chakravarti A, Moldin SO, Araj H, Blangero JC, Burmeister M, Crabbe J, Depaulo JR, Foulks E, Freimer NB, Koretz DS, Lichtenstein W, Mignot E, Reiss AL, Risch NJ, Takahashi JS. Future of genetics of mood disorders research. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:457-77. [PMID: 12361664 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes the deliberations of a panel with representation from diverse disciplines of relevance to the genetics of mood disorders. The major charge to the panel was to develop a strategic plan to employ the tools of genetics to advance the understanding, treatment, and outcomes for mood disorders. A comprehensive review of the evidence for the role of genetic factors in the etiology of mood disorders was conducted, and the chief impediments for progress in gene identification were identified. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) portfolios in the Genetics Research Branch and the Division of Mental Disorders, Behavioral Sciences, AIDS, and all genetics training activities were reviewed. Despite some promising leads, there are still no confirmed linkage findings for mood disorders. Impediments to gene finding include the lack of phenotypic validity, variation in ascertainment sources and methodology across studies, and genetic complexity. With respect to linkage, the committee recommended that a large-scale, integrated effort be undertaken to examine existing data from linkage and association studies of bipolar disorders using identical phenotypes and statistical methods across studies to determine whether the suggestive linkage findings at some loci can be confirmed. Confirmation would justify more intensive approaches to gene finding. The committee recommended that the NIMH support continued efforts to identify the most heritable subtypes and endophenotypes of major depression using the tools of genetic epidemiology, neuroscience, and behavioral science. The field of genetic epidemiology was identified as an important future direction because population-based, epidemiologic studies of families and unrelated affected individuals assume increasing importance for common chronic diseases. To prepare for shifts to more complex genetic models, the committee recommended that the NIMH develop new interdisciplinary training strategies to prepare for the next generation of genetics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Merikangas
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bailer U, Leisch F, Meszaros K, Lenzinger E, Willinger U, Strobl R, Heiden A, Gebhardt C, Döge E, Fuchs K, Sieghart W, Kasper S, Hornik K, Aschauer HN. Genome scan for susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:40-52. [PMID: 12079729 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widely accepted view that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder represent independent illnesses and modes of inheritance, some data in the literature suggest that the diseases may share some genetic susceptibility. The objective of our analyses was to search for vulnerability loci for the two disorders. METHODS A genomewide map of 388 microsatellite DNA markers was genotyped in five schizophrenia and three bipolar disorder Austrian families. Linkage analyses was used to compute the usual parametric logarithm of the likelihood of linkage (LOD) scores and nonparametric linkage analysis (NPL scores Z(all)) was used to assess the pattern of allele sharing at each marker locus relative to the presence of the disease (GENEHUNTER). Affected status was defined as severe affective disorder or schizophrenia. RESULTS Across the genome, p values associated with NPL scores resulted in evidence (i.e., p <.0007) for linkage at marker D3S1265 on chromosome 3q (NPL score Z (all) = 3.74, p =.0003). Two other markers (on 3q and 6q) showed p values of <.01. CONCLUSIONS We detected a potential susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on chromosome 3q, which has not been reported previously. The possibility of a false positive result has to be taken into account. Our data suggest shared loci for schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders and are consistent with the continuum model of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Bailer
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry, Vienna, Austria
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Ewald H, Flint TJ, Jorgensen TH, Wang AG, Jensen P, Vang M, Mors O, Kruse TA. Search for a shared segment on chromosome 10q26 in patients with bipolar affective disorder or schizophrenia from the Faroe Islands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Müller DJ, Schulze TG, Jahnes E, Cichon S, Krauss H, Kesper K, Held T, Maier W, Propping P, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Association between a polymorphism in the pseudoautosomal X-linked gene SYBL1 and bipolar affective disorder. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 114:74-8. [PMID: 11840509 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, several chromosomal regions have been analyzed for linkage with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). There have been conflicting results regarding the involvement of X-chromosomal regions in harboring susceptibility genes for BPAD. Recently, a new candidate gene (SYBL1) for BPAD has been described on Xq28. SYBL1, which maps to the Xq pseudoautosomal region (PAR), encodes a member of the synaptobrevin family of proteins involved in synaptic vesicle docking, exocytosis, and membrane transport. A subsequent case-control association study, including 110 US-American patients with BPAD and 119 unrelated controls, investigated a potential etiological role of a novel polymorphism (G-->C transversion) in a regulatory region of the SYBL1 gene. In this analysis, the C allele showed a statistical trend to be more frequent in males with BPAD than in respective controls (P=0.06). This finding prompted us to verify whether a similar effect was also present in a larger German sample of 164 unrelated patients with BPAD (148 patients with BP I disorder, 16 patients with BP II disorder) and 267 controls. We observed a significantly increased frequency of genotypes homozygous for the C allele in females with BPAD in comparison with controls (P=0.017). Thus, our data strengthen the role of the SYBL1 gene as a candidate gene for BPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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