1
|
Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Orzechowska S, Marszalek K, Szczerbinski L, Swiergiel AH, Lewandowski W. Dietary factors and their influence on immunotherapy strategies in oncology: a comprehensive review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:254. [PMID: 38594256 PMCID: PMC11004013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a promising avenue in oncology, gaining increasing importance and offering substantial advantages when compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, in the context of immunotherapy, there is the potential for the immune system to either support or hinder the administered treatment. This review encompasses recent and pivotal studies that assess the influence of dietary elements, including vitamins, fatty acids, nutrients, small dietary molecules, dietary patterns, and caloric restriction, on the ability to modulate immune responses. Furthermore, the article underscores how these dietary factors have the potential to modify and enhance the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy. It emphasizes the necessity for additional research to comprehend the underlying mechanisms for optimizing the efficacy of anticancer therapy and defining dietary strategies that may reduce cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Persistent investigation in this field holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes and maximizing the benefits of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Orzechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystian Marszalek
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Hugo Swiergiel
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal and Human Physiology, University of Gdansk, W. Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Cao D, Sun Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cao X. The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331641. [PMID: 38348027 PMCID: PMC10859531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holloway RW, Thaker P, Mendivil AA, Ahmad S, Al-Niaimi AN, Barter J, Beck T, Chambers SK, Coleman RL, Crafton SM, Crane E, Ramez E, Ghamande S, Graybill W, Herzog T, Indermaur MD, John VS, Landrum L, Lim PC, Lucci JA, McHale M, Monk BJ, Moore KN, Morris R, O'Malley DM, Reid TJ, Richardson D, Rose PG, Scalici JM, Silasi DA, Tewari K, Wang EW. A phase III, multicenter, randomized study of olvimulogene nanivacirepvec followed by platinum-doublet chemotherapy and bevacizumab compared with platinum-doublet chemotherapy and bevacizumab in women with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1458-1463. [PMID: 37666539 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancers are limited and only marginally effective. The development of novel, more effective therapies addresses a critical unmet medical need. Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec (Olvi-Vec), with its strong immune modulating effect on the tumor microenvironment, may provide re-sensitization to platinum and clinically reverse platinum resistance or refractoriness in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of intra-peritoneal Olvi-Vec followed by platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. STUDY HYPOTHESIS This phase III study investigates Olvi-Vec oncolytic immunotherapy followed by platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab as an immunochemotherapy evaluating the hypothesis that such sequential combination therapy will prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and bring other clinical benefits compared with treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab. TRIAL DESIGN This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, and active-controlled phase III trial. Patients will be randomized 2:1 into the experimental arm treated with Olvi-Vec followed by platinum-doublet chemotherapy and bevacizumab or the control arm treated with platinum-doublet chemotherapy and bevacizumab. MAJOR INCLUSION/EXCLUSION CRITERIA Eligible patients must have recurrent, platinum-resistant/refractory, non-resectable high-grade serous, endometrioid, or clear-cell ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Patients must have had ≥3 lines of prior chemotherapy. PRIMARY ENDPOINT The primary endpoint is PFS in the intention-to-treat population. SAMPLE SIZE Approximately 186 patients (approximately 124 patients randomized to the experimental arm and 62 to the control arm) will be enrolled to capture 127 PFS events. ESTIMATED DATES FOR COMPLETING ACCRUAL AND PRESENTING RESULTS Expected complete accrual in 2024 with presentation of primary endpoint results in 2025. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05281471.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Premal Thaker
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - James Barter
- Holy Cross Hospital, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiffany Beck
- Hoag Cancer Center, Newport Beach, California, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah M Crafton
- West Penn Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Crane
- Levine Cancer Institution, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eskander Ramez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharad Ghamande
- Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Whitney Graybill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Herzog
- Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Veena S John
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, New York, USA
| | - Lisa Landrum
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Lucci
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael McHale
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bradley J Monk
- University of Arizona and Creighton University School of Medicine, HonorHealth Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - David M O'Malley
- James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Debra Richardson
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Peter G Rose
- Gynecology Oncology Desk A-81, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer M Scalici
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Mercy St Louis/Diavid C Pratt Cancer Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krishnansu Tewari
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kleszcz R, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Baer-Dubowska W. Tannins in cancer prevention and therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37614022 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a heterogenous class of polyphenolic natural products with promising cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential. Studies undertaken over the last 30 years have demonstrated their capacity to target many cellular pathways and molecules important in the development of cancer. Recently, new mechanisms that might be important in anti-carcinogenic activity, such as inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, reduction of cancer stem cell creation, and modulation of cancer cells metabolism have been described. Along with the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity of tannins, this review focuses on their possible application as chemosensitizers in adjuvant therapy and countering multidrug resistance. Furthermore, characteristic physicochemical properties of some tannins, particularly tannic acid, are useful in the formation of nanovehicles for anticancer drugs or the isolation of circulating cancer cells. These new potential applications of tannins deserve further studies. Well-designed clinical trials, which are scarce, are needed to assess the therapeutic effects of tannins themselves or as adjuvants in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kleszcz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Holloway RW, Mendivil AA, Kendrick JE, Abaid LN, Brown JV, LeBlanc J, McKenzie ND, Mori KM, Ahmad S. Clinical Activity of Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec-Primed Immunochemotherapy in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Platinum-Resistant or Platinum-Refractory Ovarian Cancer: The Nonrandomized Phase 2 VIRO-15 Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:903-908. [PMID: 37227734 PMCID: PMC10214174 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer (PRROC) have limited therapeutic options, representing a considerable unmet medical need. Objective To assess antitumor activity and safety of intraperitoneal (IP) olvimulogene nanivacirepvec (Olvi-Vec) virotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with PRROC. Design, Setting, and Participants This open-label, nonrandomized multisite phase 2 VIRO-15 clinical trial enrolled patients with PRROC with disease progression following their last prior line of therapy from September 2016 to September 2019. Data cutoff was on March 31, 2022, and data were analyzed between April 2022 and September 2022. Interventions Olvi-Vec was administered via a temporary IP dialysis catheter as 2 consecutive daily doses (3 × 109 pfu/d) followed by platinum-doublet chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) via Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) assay, and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included duration of response (DOR), disease control rate (DCR), safety, and overall survival (OS). Results Twenty-seven heavily pretreated patients with platinum-resistant (n = 14) or platinum-refractory (n = 13) ovarian cancer were enrolled. The median (range) age was 62 (35-78) years. The median (range) prior lines of therapy were 4 (2-9). All patients completed both Olvi-Vec infusions and chemotherapy. Median follow-up duration was 47.0 months (95% CI, 35.9 months to NA). Overall, ORR by RECIST 1.1 was 54% (95% CI, 33%-74%), with a DOR of 7.6 months (95% CI, 3.7-9.6 months). The DCR was 88% (21/24). The ORR by CA-125 was 85% (95% CI, 65%-96%). Median PFS by RECIST 1.1 was 11.0 months (95% CI, 6.7-13.0 months), and the PFS 6-month rate was 77%. Median PFS was 10.0 months (95% CI, 6.4-NA months) in the platinum-resistant group and 11.4 months (95% CI, 4.3-13.2 months) in the platinum-refractory group. The median OS was 15.7 months (95% CI, 12.3-23.8 months) in all patients, with a median OS of 18.5 months (95% CI, 11.3-23.8 months) in the platinum-resistant group and 14.7 months (95% CI, 10.8-33.6 months) in the platinum-refractory group. Most frequent treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) (any grade, grade 3) were pyrexia (63.0%, 3.7%, respectively) and abdominal pain (51.9%, 7.4%, respectively). There were no grade 4 TRAEs, and no treatment-related discontinuations or deaths. Conclusions and Relevance In this phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial, Olvi-Vec followed by platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab as immunochemotherapy demonstrated promising ORR and PFS with a manageable safety profile in patients with PRROC. These hypothesis-generating results warrant further evaluation in a confirmatory phase 3 trial. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02759588.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto A. Mendivil
- Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, California
- Now with Gynecologic Oncology and Complex Pelvic Surgery Program, Hoag Gynecologic Oncology, Newport Beach, California
| | | | - Lisa N. Abaid
- Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, California
- Now with Gynecologic Oncology and Complex Pelvic Surgery Program, Hoag Gynecologic Oncology, Newport Beach, California
| | - John V. Brown
- Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, California
- Now with Gynecologic Oncology and Complex Pelvic Surgery Program, Hoag Gynecologic Oncology, Newport Beach, California
| | | | | | - Kristina M. Mori
- Gynecologic Oncology Associates, Newport Beach, California
- now with Kaiser Permanente, Santa Clara, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shakiba Y, Vorobyev PO, Mahmoud M, Hamad A, Kochetkov DV, Yusubalieva GM, Baklaushev VP, Chumakov PM, Lipatova AV. Recombinant Strains of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus for Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:823-841. [PMID: 37748878 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792306010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer virotherapy is an alternative therapeutic approach based on the viruses that selectively infect and kill tumor cells. Vaccinia virus (VV) is a member of the Poxviridae, a family of enveloped viruses with a large linear double-stranded DNA genome. The proven safety of the VV strains as well as considerable transgene capacity of the viral genome, make VV an excellent platform for creating recombinant oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Furthermore, various genetic modifications can increase tumor selectivity and therapeutic efficacy of VV by arming it with the immune-modulatory genes or proapoptotic molecules, boosting the host immune system, and increasing cross-priming recognition of the tumor cells by T-cells or NK cells. In this review, we summarized the data on bioengineering approaches to develop recombinant VV strains for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Shakiba
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel O Vorobyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Marah Mahmoud
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Azzam Hamad
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy V Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Gaukhar M Yusubalieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Federal Research Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA), Moscow, 115682, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Federal Research Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA), Moscow, 115682, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 117513, Russia
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Anastasia V Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tumor immunology. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
8
|
Manyam M, Stephens AJ, Kennard JA, LeBlanc J, Ahmad S, Kendrick JE, Holloway RW. A phase 1b study of intraperitoneal oncolytic viral immunotherapy in platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 163:481-489. [PMID: 34686353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess safety and adverse events associated with intraperitoneal Olvi-Vec virotherapy in patients with platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer (PRROC). Secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1 and progression-free survival (PFS). METHODS Olvi-Vec is a modified vaccinia virus that causes oncolysis and immune activation. An open-label phase 1b trial using a 3 + 3 dose escalation was conducted. Intraperitoneal Olvi-Vec was given as monotherapy in two consecutive daily doses. Translational analyses included anti-virus antibody levels, viral shedding, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and T cells. RESULTS Twelve patients (median age: 69 years, range: 45-77) with median 5 prior therapies (range: 2-10) and 2 prior platinum lines (range: 1-5) were enrolled. There were three dose level cohorts: 3 × 109 (n = 6), 1 × 1010 (n = 5), and 2.5 × 1010 (n = 1) plaque forming units (PFU)/day on two consecutive days. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included G1/G2 nausea (n = 6), fever (n = 6), abdominal distention (n = 5), and abdominal pain (n = 4). There were no Grade 4 TRAEs, no dose relationship to TRAEs, and no deaths attributed to Olvi-Vec. The ORR was 9% (1/11). Stable disease (SD) was 64% (7/11), and SD ≥15 weeks was 46% (5/11). Median PFS was 15.7 weeks (95%CI: 5.7-34.5), including extended PFS in four patients (23.2, 34.5, 59.4+ and 70.8 weeks). Three patients had extended overall survival (deceased 33.6 months, and alive with disease at 54 and 59 months). CTCs diminished in 6/8 (75%) baseline-positive patients. Immune activation was demonstrated from virus-enhanced tumor infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and activation of tumor-specific T-cells in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS Oncolytic viral therapy with intraperitoneal Olvi-Vec showed promising safety, clinical activities, and immune activation in patients with PRROC, warranting further clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Manyam
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Amanda J Stephens
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Jessica A Kennard
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Jane LeBlanc
- Office of Clinical Research, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - James E Kendrick
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Robert W Holloway
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masuelli L, Benvenuto M, Focaccetti C, Ciuffa S, Fazi S, Bei A, Miele MT, Piredda L, Manzari V, Modesti A, Bei R. Targeting the tumor immune microenvironment with "nutraceuticals": From bench to clinical trials. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107700. [PMID: 33045254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of immune effector cells in the tissue microenvironment during neoplastic progression is critical in determining tumor growth outcomes. On the other hand, tumors may also avoid immune system-mediated elimination by recruiting immunosuppressive leukocytes and soluble factors, which coordinate a tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficiency of the antitumor immune response. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy results have indicated a way forward via activation of the immune system against cancer. Widespread evidence has shown that different compounds in foods, when administered as purified substances, can act as immunomodulators in humans and animals. Although there is no universally accepted definition of nutraceuticals, the term identifies a wide category of natural compounds that may impact health and disease statuses and includes purified substances from natural sources, plant extracts, dietary supplements, vitamins, phytonutrients, and various products with combinations of functional ingredients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of nutraceuticals with a special focus on the cancer microenvironment, highlighting the conceptual benefits or drawbacks and subtle cell-specific effects of nutraceuticals for envisioning future therapies employing nutraceuticals as chemoadjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ciuffa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fazi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bei
- Medical School, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Tony Miele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; CIMER, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palermo B, Franzese O, Donna CD, Panetta M, Quintarelli C, Sperduti I, Gualtieri N, Foddai ML, Proietti E, Ferraresi V, Ciliberto G, Nisticò P. Antigen-specificity and DTIC before peptide-vaccination differently shape immune-checkpoint expression pattern, anti-tumor functionality and TCR repertoire in melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1465163. [PMID: 30524882 PMCID: PMC6279427 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1465163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described that DNA-damage inducing drug DTIC, administered before peptide (Melan-A and gp100)-vaccination, improves anti-tumor CD8+ Melan-A-specific T-cell functionality, enlarges the Melan-A+ TCR repertoire and impacts the overall survival of melanoma patients. To identify whether the two Ags employed in the vaccination differently shape the anti-tumor response, herein we have carried out a detailed analysis of phenotype, anti-tumor functionality and TCR repertoire in treatment-driven gp100-specific CD8+ T cells, in the same patients previously analyzed for Melan-A. We found that T-cell clones isolated from patients treated with vaccination alone possessed an Early/intermediate differentiated phenotype, whereas T cells isolated after DTIC plus vaccination were late-differentiated. Sequencing analysis of the TCRBV chains of 29 treatment-driven gp100-specific CD8+ T-cell clones revealed an oligoclonal TCR repertoire irrespective of the treatment schedule. The high anti-tumor activity observed in T cells isolated after chemo-immunotherapy was associated with low PD-1 expression. Differently, T-cell clones isolated after peptide-vaccination alone expressed a high level of PD-1, along with LAG-3 and TIM-3, and were neither tumor-reactive nor polyfunctional. Blockade of PD-1 reversed gp100-specific CD8+ T-cell dysfunctionality, confirming the direct role of this co-inhibitory molecule in suppressing anti-tumor activity, differently from what we have previously observed for Melan-A+CD8+ T cells, expressing PD-1 but highly functional. These findings indicate that the functional advantage induced by combined chemo-immunotherapy is determined by the tumor antigen nature, T-cell immune-checkpoints phenotype, TCR repertoire diversity and anti-tumor T-cell quality and highlights the importance of integrating these parameters to develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Palermo
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosmo Di Donna
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panetta
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Novella Gualtieri
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
| | | | | | - Paola Nisticò
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang W, Green M, Rebecca Liu J, Lawrence TS, Zou W. CD8+ T Cells in Immunotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
12
|
Cai Y, Zhang J, Chen NG, Shi Z, Qiu J, He C, Chen M. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems of Tannins. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:665-701. [PMID: 28004409 DOI: 10.1002/med.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tannins, polyphenols in medicinal plants, have been divided into two groups of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, including gallotannins, ellagitannins, and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Potent anticancer activities have been observed in tannins (especially EGCG) with multiple mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of invasion and metastases. Furthermore, the combinational effects of tannins and anticancer drugs have been demonstrated in this review, including chemoprotective, chemosensitive, and antagonizing effects accompanying with anticancer effect. However, the applications of tannins have been hindered due to their poor liposolubility, low bioavailability, off-taste, and shorter half-life time in human body, such as EGCG, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. To tackle these obstacles, novel drug delivery systems have been employed to deliver tannins with the aim of improving their applications, such as gelatin nanoparticles, micelles, nanogold, liposomes, and so on. In this review, the chemical characteristics, anticancer properties, and drug delivery systems of tannins were discussed with an attempt to provide a systemic reference to promote the development of tannins as anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Nelson G Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han HD, Byeon Y, Kang TH, Jung ID, Lee JW, Shin BC, Lee YJ, Sood AK, Park YM. Toll-like receptor 3-induced immune response by poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5729-5742. [PMID: 27843314 PMCID: PMC5098754 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen-presenting cells that are capable of initiating a primary immune response and activating T cells, and they play a pivotal role in the immune responses of the host to cancer. Prior to antigen presentation, efficient antigen and adjuvant uptake by DCs is necessary to induce their maturation and cytokine generation. Nanoparticles (NPs) are capable of intracellular delivery of both antigen and adjuvant to DCs. Here, we developed an advanced poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-NP encapsulating both ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium salt (Toll-like receptor 3 ligand) as an adjuvant to increase intracellular delivery and promote DC maturation. The PLGA-NPs were taken up by DCs, and their uptake greatly facilitated major histocompatibility class I antigen presentation in vitro. Moreover, vaccination with PLGA-NP-treated DCs led to the generation of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cells, and the resulting antitumor efficacy was significantly increased in EG.7 and TC-1 tumor-bearing mice compared to control mice (P<0.01). Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the PLGA-NP platform may be an effective method for delivering tumor-specific antigens or adjuvants to DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondaero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do
| | - Yeongseon Byeon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondaero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondaero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondaero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Byung Cheol Shin
- Bio/Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwang-Jin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; Department of Cancer Biology; Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungwondaero, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oncolytic vaccinia virus synergizes with irinotecan in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1539-52. [PMID: 26004084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is complex clinical challenge for which there are limited treatment options. Chemotherapy with or without surgery provides moderate improvements in overall survival and quality of life; nevertheless the 5-year survival remains below 30%. Oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) shows strong anti-tumour activity in models of CRC, however transient delays in disease progression are insufficient to lead to long-term survival. Here we examined the efficacy of VV with oxaliplatin or SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) in CRC cell lines in vitro and VV with irinotecan in an orthotopic model of metastatic CRC. Synergistic improvements in in vitro cell killing were observed in multiple cell lines. Combination therapy was well tolerated in tumour-bearing mice and the median survival was significantly increased relative to monotherapy despite a drug-dependent decrease in the mean tumour titer. Increased apoptosis following in vitro and in vivo combination therapy was observed. In vitro cell cycle analysis showed increases in S-phase cells following infection occurred in both infected and uninfected cell populations. This corresponded to a 4-fold greater increase in apoptosis in the uninfected compared to infected cells following combination therapy. Combination treatment strategies are among the best options for patients with advanced cancers. VV is currently under clinical investigation in patients with CRC and the data presented here suggest that its combination with irinotecan may provide benefit to a subset of CRC patients. Further, investigation of this combination is necessary to determine the tumour characteristics responsible for mediating synergy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bartlett DL, Liu Z, Sathaiah M, Ravindranathan R, Guo Z, He Y, Guo ZS. Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:103. [PMID: 24020520 PMCID: PMC3847443 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are tumor-selective, multi-mechanistic antitumor agents. They kill infected cancer and associated endothelial cells via direct oncolysis, and uninfected cells via tumor vasculature targeting and bystander effect. Multimodal immunogenic cell death (ICD) together with autophagy often induced by OVs not only presents potent danger signals to dendritic cells but also efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens from cancer cells to dendritic cells to T cells to induce adaptive antitumor immunity. With this favorable immune backdrop, genetic engineering of OVs and rational combinations further potentiate OVs as cancer vaccines. OVs armed with GM-CSF (such as T-VEC and Pexa-Vec) or other immunostimulatory genes, induce potent anti-tumor immunity in both animal models and human patients. Combination with other immunotherapy regimens improve overall therapeutic efficacy. Coadministration with a HDAC inhibitor inhibits innate immunity transiently to promote infection and spread of OVs, and significantly enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves the therapeutic index. Local administration or OV mediated-expression of ligands for Toll-like receptors can rescue the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells inhibited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus enhances the antitumor effect. Combination with cyclophosphamide further induces ICD, depletes Treg, and thus potentiates antitumor immunity. In summary, OVs properly armed or in rational combinations are potent therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Bartlett
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Diaz Y, Tundidor Y, Lopez A, Leon K. Concomitant combination of active immunotherapy and carboplatin- or paclitaxel-based chemotherapy improves anti-tumor response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:455-69. [PMID: 22941039 PMCID: PMC11028977 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical evidence substantially supports the successful combination of chemotherapies and active immunotherapy for cancer treatment. These data sustain the effect of sequential combination schemes (vaccine plus chemotherapy or vice versa), which could be difficult to implement in clinical practice. Since chemotherapy is the standard treatment for most cancers, ethical issues forbid its delay and make difficult the evaluation of other treatments such as using an immunotherapeutic agent. Besides, vaccines must be applied as soon as possible to advanced cancer patients, in order to give them time to develop an effective immune response. Thus, a clinically attractive scenario is the concomitant application of treatments. However, little is known about the specific effect of different chemotherapeutic agents when combined with a cancer vaccine in such concomitant treatment. In this work, we analyze the influence of high-dose carboplatin or paclitaxel in the generation of a specific immune response when administered concomitantly with an OVA vaccine. Interestingly, neither carboplatin nor paclitaxel affects the humoral and CTL in vivo response generated by the vaccine. Moreover, an enhancement of the overall anti-tumor effect was observed in animals treated with OVA/CF vaccine combined with cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, the effect of the concomitant treatment was tested using a tumor-related antigen, the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Animals administered with EGF-P64k/Montanide and cytotoxic agents showed an antibody response similar to that from control animals. Therefore, our study suggests that carboplatin and paclitaxel can be concomitantly combined with active immunotherapies in the clinical practice of advanced cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Diaz
- Systems Biology Department, Center of Molecular Immunology, P.O. Box 16040, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
He X, Bonaparte N, Kim S, Acharya B, Lee JY, Chi L, Lee HJ, Paik YK, Moon PG, Baek MC, Lee EK, Kim JH, Kim IS, Lee BH. Enhanced delivery of T cells to tumor after chemotherapy using membrane-anchored, apoptosis-targeted peptide. J Control Release 2012; 162:521-8. [PMID: 22824781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of tumor cells enhances the antigen presentation and sensitizes tumor cells to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we harnessed the apoptosis of tumor cells as a homing signal for the delivery of T cells to tumor. Jurkat T cells were anchored with ApoPep-1, an apoptosis-targeted peptide ligand, using the biocompatible anchor for membrane (BAM), an oleyl acid derivative. The ApoPep-1-BAM conjugate was efficiently anchored to cell membrane, while little anchoring was obtained with ApoPep-1 alone. The retention period of the ApoPep-1-BAM conjugate on cell membrane was approximately 80 and 40 min in the absence and presence of serum, respectively. ApoPep-1 was resistant to degradation in serum until 2h. The apoptosis-targeted T cells that were anchored with the ApoPep-1-BAM preferentially bound to apoptotic tumor cells over living cells. When intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice, the number of apoptosis-targeted T cells and in vivo fluorescence signals by the homing of the cells to doxorubicin-treated tumor were higher than those of untargeted T cells. Accumulation of apoptosis-targeted T cells at other organs such as liver was not detected. These results suggest that the chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and subsequent enhancement of T cell delivery to tumor by the membrane anchoring of the apoptosis-targeted peptide could be a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hodge JW, Ardiani A, Farsaci B, Kwilas AR, Gameiro SR. The tipping point for combination therapy: cancer vaccines with radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted small molecule inhibitors. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:323-39. [PMID: 22595055 PMCID: PMC3356994 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines are a unique treatment modality in that they initiate a dynamic process of activating the host immune system, which can then be exploited by concurrent or subsequent therapies. The addition of immunotherapy to standard-of-care cancer therapies has shown evidence of efficacy in preclinical models and in the clinical setting. This review examines the preclinical and clinical interactions between vaccine-mediated tumor-specific immune responses and local radiation, systemic chemotherapy, or select small molecule inhibitors, as well as the potential synergy between these modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Hodge
- Recombinant Vaccine Group, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Scutellaria extract and wogonin inhibit tumor-mediated induction of T(reg) cells via inhibition of TGF-β1 activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:701-11. [PMID: 22057676 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have implicated tumor-induced T(reg) cell activity in the sub-optimal response to therapeutic vaccines. Development of neo-adjuvant strategies targeting T(reg) cells is therefore imperative. Scutellaria extracts or constituent flavonoids have shown encouraging efficacy against various tumors, including gliomas, in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. We report here, for the first time, that Scutellaria ocmulgee leaf extract (SocL) and flavonoid wogonin could inhibit TGF-β1-induced T(reg) activity in malignant gliomas. F344 rats, subcutaneously transplanted with F98 gliomas, were treated with SocL. There was a significant inhibition of intra-tumoral TGF-β1 and T(reg) cell frequency as well as peripheral blood TGF-β1 levels in SocL-treated animals compared to the controls. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited glioma-induced, TGF-β1-mediated T(reg) activity in vitro. SocL extract and wogonin also inhibited the secretion of IL-10 in T(reg) culture; whereas the level of IL-2 was either unchanged or marginally enhanced. We also observed an inhibition of Smad-3, GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling by SocL and wogonin in T(reg) cells, while phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was considerably enhanced, indicating that SocL or wogonin could inhibit the T cells' response to TGF-β1 via modulation of both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Overall, this study suggests that Scutellaria can potentially reverse tumor-mediated immune suppression via inhibition of TGF-β1 secretion as well as via inhibition of T cells' response to TGF-β1. This may provide an opportunity for developing a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas, combining Scutellaria with immunotherapy and chemo/radio-therapeutic regimen, which could potentially improve the disease outcome.
Collapse
|
20
|
Butler LM, Wu AH. Green and black tea in relation to gynecologic cancers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:931-40. [PMID: 21595018 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Observational studies have evaluated the relationship between green tea intake and cancers of the ovary and endometrium, but we are not aware of the published studies on green tea intake and risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers of the cervix, vagina, or vulva. METHODS AND RESULTS A critical review of the published literature on tea intake and risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers was conducted. In meta-analyses, we report inverse associations for green tea intake and risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR]=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.80), and for green tea and risk of endometrial cancer (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98). There was no association for black tea and ovarian cancer risk (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.02) and a positive association with endometrial cancer risk (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.38). We summarized the experimental evidence supporting the antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of green tea catechins, and results from randomized clinical trials that demonstrated green tea catechin efficacy on treatment of cervical lesions and external genital warts. CONCLUSION Observational data support a protective role of green tea on risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers. Observational data are needed to evaluate whether green tea reduces risk of human papillomavirus-related cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Butler
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Exploitation of differential homeostatic proliferation of T-cell subsets following chemotherapy to enhance the efficacy of vaccine-mediated antitumor responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1227-42. [PMID: 21544650 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for stage IB-III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains 15%. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinorelbine is one standard-of-care. We sought to determine in a preclinical model whether (a) the combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine could positively modulate components of the immune system independent of antitumor activity, and (b) there were synergistic effects of this drug combination and vaccine immunotherapy. We examined the effect of cisplatin/vinorelbine on gene expression, cell-surface phenotype, and CTL-mediated cytolysis of murine lung carcinoma cells in vitro; we also assessed the effects of cisplatin/vinorelbine on immune subsets and function of Tregs in vivo. Finally, we evaluated the potential synergy between chemotherapy and a recombinant yeast-CEA vaccine in a murine model transgenic for CEA with mice bearing lung tumors. These studies demonstrate that exposure of lung tumor cells to the platinum doublet cisplatin/vinorelbine modulates tumor cell phenotype and increases sensitivity to CTL-mediated cytolysis. These studies also demonstrate that cisplatin/vinorelbine (a) induces sub-myeloablative leucopenia that differentially modulates reconstitution of Treg versus effector T-cell subsets and (b) can be employed synergistically with vaccine, exploiting homeostatic peripheral expansion of T cells. Antitumor studies show for the first time that cisplatin/vinorelbine combined with vaccine increases the survival of mice with established NSCLC. These findings provide the rationale for the potential clinical benefit of the combined use of vaccine with cisplatin/vinorelbine chemotherapy regimens.
Collapse
|
22
|
He Q, Li J, Yin W, Song Z, Zhang Z, Yi T, Tang J, Wu D, Lu Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhang X, Hu Z, Gao J. Low-dose paclitaxel enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of GM-CSF surface-modified whole-tumor-cell vaccine in mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:715-30. [PMID: 21331814 PMCID: PMC11028932 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy combined with a tumor vaccine is an attractive approach in cancer therapy. This study was designed to investigate the optimal schedule and mechanisms of action of a novel GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) surface-modified tumor-cell vaccine in combination with paclitaxel in the treatment of mouse RM-1 prostate cancer. First, the anti-tumor efficiencies of various dosage of paclitaxel (4, 20, 40 mg/kg) in combination with the vaccine in different administration sequences were examined in the mouse RM-1 prostate cancer model. Then, the in vivo and in vitro effects of various dosage of paclitaxel on RM-1 cells, T cells, and DCs (dendritic cells) were evaluated. The results showed that: (a) the GM-CSF-surface-modified tumor-cell vaccine was more potent at inducing the uptake of tumor antigens by DCs than irradiated tumor cells plus free GM-CSF; (b) 4 mg/kg paclitaxel combined with the GM-CSF-surface-modified tumor-cell vaccine was the most effective at enhancing tumor regression in RM-1 prostate cancer mice when the vaccine was administrated 2 days after paclitaxel; and (c) administration of 4 mg/kg paclitaxel followed by the vaccine induced the highest degree of CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in tumor tissue, suggesting that the induction of tumor-specific immune response had occurred. These findings suggested that the GM-CSF-surface-modified tumor-cell vaccine may have potential clinical benefit for patients with prostate cancer when it is combined with paclitaxel. Furthermore, the effect of immunochemotherapy depends on careful selection of paclitaxel dosage and the sequence of paclitaxel/vaccine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiushan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Xiangfan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Scientific and Technical University, Xiangfan, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichun Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tienan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Xiangfan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Scientific and Technical University, Xiangfan, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Demin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- 1838 Guangzhou da dao bei, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nie Y, Zhang ZR, He B, Gu Z. Investigation of PEG-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles-based multipolyplexes for IL-18 gene delivery. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:893-916. [PMID: 21273262 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210384889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles were formulated with biodegradable monomethoxy (poly ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-monomethoxy (poly ethylene glycol) of three different proportional (PEG-PLGA-PEG, lactic acid: glycolic acid = 80/20, 70/30, 50/50) and the cytotoxicity of nanoparticle was characterized according to US Pharmacopoeia XXIII recommendations on various cell lines, including L929, Chang's hepatocytes, primary mouse myoblasts, osteoblasts, and renal vascular endothelial cells. mIL-18 gene was first condensed by polycationic peptide polylysine (PLL), and then encapsulated in the PEG-PLGA-PEG NPs as a novel multi-polyplex gene delivery system - Polymer-PLL-DNA. (PPDs) After lyopholization, the morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and the integrity of DNA in the NPs were investigated. The expression of mIL-18 gene on CT-26 cells in vitro were determined by western blot, while in vivo efficacy was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate, histological section, and survival curve in pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer in BALB/c mice model. Results showed that the cytotoxicity of blank nanoparticles was related to the degradation properties of the polymers with different compositions. The NPs with LA:GA = 70/30 (NPs-73) was optimal for intravenous injection due to its low cytotoxicity. Physicochemical properties of the PPDs were not changed during the lyopholization, while mIL-18 was successfully expressed in vitro. The anti-tumor efficacy in vivo of PPDs showed improvement especially combined with chemotherapy of cisplatin, and confirmed the promising application of the PPDs system, which compared with any single treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ziauddin MF, Guo ZS, O'Malley ME, Austin F, Popovic PJ, Kavanagh MA, Li J, Sathaiah M, Thirunavukarasu P, Fang B, Lee YJ, Bartlett DL. TRAIL gene-armed oncolytic poxvirus and oxaliplatin can work synergistically against colorectal cancer. Gene Ther 2010; 17:550-9. [PMID: 20182517 PMCID: PMC3250063 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have explored a unique combination therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. This strategy combines a potent and new oncolytic poxvirus expressing a membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or TNFSF10) and oxaliplatin (Ox) chemotherapy. We hypothesized that TRAIL expression would increase the efficacy of the oncolytic poxvirus, and that the therapeutic efficacy would be further enhanced by combination with chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity to cancer cells by Ox, oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) and trail gene-armed VV alone or in combination was tested in vitro. The trail gene armed oncolytic VV-expressed high levels of TRAIL in infected cancer cells and had greater potency as a cytotoxic agent compared with the parent VV. Ox alone exerted concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. In vitro, the combination of the two agents applied at suboptimal concentrations for individual therapy displayed synergy in inducing cancer cells into enhanced levels of apoptosis/necrosis. Western blot analyses were consistent with the notion that TRAIL induced cancer cell death mainly through apoptosis, whereas Ox and vJS6 induced cell death more through non-apoptotic death pathways. In two aggressive colorectal carcinomatosis models derived from human HCT116 and murine MC38 cells, the combination therapy displayed synergistic or additive antitumor activity and prolonged the survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with either Ox chemotherapy or vvTRAIL-mediated oncolytic gene therapy alone. This combination strategy may provide a new avenue to treating peritoneal carcinomatosis and other types of metastases of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Ziauddin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bryniarski K, Szczepanik M, Ptak M, Zemelka M, Ptak W. Influence of cyclophosphamide and its metabolic products on the activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:550-7. [PMID: 19605955 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten-labeled peritoneal macrophages (Mf) given intravenously (iv) to recipients are poor inducers of contact sensitivity (CS) reactions unless Mf donors are pretreated with low doses of cyclophosphamide (CY). In vivo CY is converted into active alkylating metabolites, phosphoramide mustard (PM) and acrolein (ACR). Our experiments aimed to test how in vitro treatment of non-immunogenic Mf with different concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-7) M) of CY metabolites will influence their immunogenicity and other biological functions. Instead of chemically unstable PM, we used structurally and functionally similar nitrogen mustard (NM). Our experiments show that treatment of Mf with ACR or NM stimulates the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-12 and down-regulates anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-beta cytokines. In vivo non-immunogenic TNP-Mf become capable of inducing CS reactions in two situations: first, after treatment with NM or ACR and second, when cell recipients are received iv before Mf transfer of monoclonal antibodies against IL-10 and/or TGF-beta (500 mug per animal). Treatment with NM, but not with ACR, was also an efficient stimulus for production by Mf of significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). In summary, our experiments show that CY metabolites can significantly increase the specific immune response as well as nonspecific innate reaction (ROIs production) and support the notion that CY and its metabolites can be a promising accessory tool when upregulation of the immune response is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, PL 31-123 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
McCoy MJ, Nowak AK, Lake RA. Chemoimmunotherapy: an emerging strategy for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:1-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Seo SH, Han HD, Noh KH, Kim TW, Son SW. Chitosan hydrogel containing GMCSF and a cancer drug exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects via the induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 26:179-87. [PMID: 19082918 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatments consisting of a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been vigorously exploited to further improve the efficacy of cancer therapies. In this study, we utilized a chitosan hydrogel (CH) system loaded with GMCSF and a cancer drug as a chemo-immunotherapeutic agent in an effort to assess the effects on tumor growth in mice using TC-1 cervical tumor cells, which express the tumor-specific antigen, HPV-16 E7. The growth of TC-1 tumors was significantly reduced in mice treated with a CH harboring a cancer drug (doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), or cyclophosphamide (CTX)) and GMCSF (CH-a cancer drug + GMCSF), as compared to other groups that were treated with CH containing only a cancer drug(CH-a cancer drug) or GMCSF(CH-GMCSF). Among the cancer drugs, CTX exerted the most potent anti-tumor effects. Interestingly, the intra-tumoral injection of CH-a cancer drug + GMCSF induced a significant E7-specific CD8(+) T cell immune response as compared to CH-GMCSF or CH-a cancer drug. This enhancement of tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity was associated principally with the anti-tumor effects induced by CH-CTX + GMCSF, as demonstrated by antibody depletion. Collectively, the aforementioned results indicate that co-treatment of tumors with a combination of GMCSF and a cancer drug incorporated into a CH system results in synergistic anti-tumor effects, which occur via the induction of a tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrates the use of a biodegradable hydrogel system for the co-delivery of an immunoadjuvant and an anti-cancer drug for successful chemo-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hong Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gojan 1-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grinshtein N, Ventresca M, Margl R, Bernard D, Yang TC, Millar JB, Hummel J, Beermann F, Wan Y, Bramson JL. High-dose chemotherapy augments the efficacy of recombinant adenovirus vaccines and improves the therapeutic outcome. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 16:338-50. [PMID: 18989352 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the therapeutic potential of a prototypic melanoma vaccine based on recombinant adenovirus expressing human dopachrome tautomerase in the B16F10 murine melanoma model. We found that in the presence of a tumor, the magnitude of T-cell immunity evoked by the vaccine was significantly reduced. This impairment was compounded by defects in cytokine production and degranulation within the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We showed that the combination of vaccination with high-dose cyclophosphamide was able to skew the response toward the target antigen and enhanced both the quantity and quality of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in tumor-bearing mice, which resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, when tumor-specific antigens were targeted by the vaccine, the combination therapy could actually produce tumor regression, which appeared to result from the high frequency of antigen-specific T cells. These data show that recombinant adenovirus vaccines are compatible with conventional high-dose chemotherapy and that the combined treatment results in improved therapeutic outcomes relative to either agent individually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Grinshtein
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang T, Herlyn D. Combination of active specific immunotherapy or adoptive antibody or lymphocyte immunotherapy with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 58:475-92. [PMID: 18925393 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients with a combination of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and chemotherapeutic drugs has spawned various other forms of additional combination therapies, including vaccines or adoptive lymphocyte transfer combined with chemotherapeutics. These therapies were effective against established tumors in animal models and showed promising results in initial clinical trials in cancer patients, awaiting testing in larger randomized controlled studies. Although combination between immunotherapy and chemotherapy has long been viewed as incompatible as chemotherapy, especially in high doses meant to increase anti-tumor efficacy, has induced immunosuppression, various mechanisms may explain the reported synergistic effects of the two types of therapies. Thus direct effects of chemotherapy on tumor or host environment, such as induction of tumor cell death, elimination of regulatory T cells, and/or enhancement of tumor cell sensitivity to lysis by CTL may account for enhancement of immunotherapy by chemotherapy. Furthermore, induction of lymphopenia by chemotherapy has increased the efficacy of adoptive lymphocyte transfer in cancer patients. On the other hand, immunotherapy may directly modulate the tumor's sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, anti-tumor mAb can increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and patients treated first with immunotherapy followed by chemotherapy showed higher clinical response rates than patients that had received chemotherapy alone. In conclusion, combination of active specific immunotherapy or adoptive mAb or lymphocyte immunotherapy with chemotherapy has great potential for the treatment of cancer patients which needs to be confirmed in larger controlled and randomized Phase III trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqian Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li QX, Liu G, Wong-Staal F. Oncolytic virotherapy as a personalized cancer vaccine. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:493-9. [PMID: 18500742 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has demonstrated multimodal antitumor mechanisms in both preclinical and clinical settings for cancer treatment, including antitumor immunity. Compared with conventional immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses have the advantages of simultaneous cytoreduction and conferring personalized anticancer immunity, but without the need of personalized manufacture. Additionally, oncolytic viruses can be further engineered to delete immunosuppressive viral components and to insert transgenes that enhance antitumor immunity. Finally, combination with new immunomodulating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) or cell therapy approaches will likely further augment specific antitumor immunity of virotherapy. Virotherapy could become a new paradigm for potent, safe and practical therapeutic vaccines for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xiang Li
- iTherX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 10790 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|