1
|
Kaur G, Prajapat M, Singh H, Sarma P, Bhadada SK, Shekhar N, Sharma S, Sinha S, Kumar S, Prakash A, Medhi B. Investigating the novel-binding site of RPA2 on Menin and predicting the effect of point mutation of Menin through protein-protein interactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9337. [PMID: 37291166 PMCID: PMC10250348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a critical role in all biological processes. Menin is tumor suppressor protein, mutated in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome and has been shown to interact with multiple transcription factors including (RPA2) subunit of replication protein A (RPA). RPA2, heterotrimeric protein required for DNA repair, recombination and replication. However, it's still remains unclear the specific amino acid residues that have been involved in Menin-RPA2 interaction. Thus, accurately predicting the specific amino acid involved in interaction and effects of MEN1 mutations on biological systems is of great interests. The experimental approaches for identifying amino acids in menin-RPA2 interactions are expensive, time-consuming, and challenging. This study leverages computational tools, free energy decomposition and configurational entropy scheme to annotate the menin-RPA2 interaction and effect on menin point mutation, thereby proposing a viable model of menin-RPA2 interaction. The menin-RPA2 interaction pattern was calculated on the basis of different 3D structures of menin and RPA2 complexes, constructed using homology modeling and docking strategy, generating three best-fit models: Model 8 (- 74.89 kJ/mol), Model 28 (- 92.04 kJ/mol) and Model 9 (- 100.4 kJ/mol). The molecular dynamic (MD) was performed for 200 ns and binding free energies and energy decomposition analysis were calculated using Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) in GROMACS. From binding free energy change, model 8 of Menin-RPA2 exhibited most negative binding energy of - 205.624 kJ/mol, followed by model 28 of Menin-RPA2 with - 177.382 kJ/mol. After S606F point mutation in Menin, increase of BFE (ΔGbind) by - 34.09 kJ/mol in Model 8 of mutant Menin-RPA2 occurs. Interestingly, we found a significant reduction of BFE (ΔGbind) and configurational entropy by - 97.54 kJ/mol and - 2618 kJ/mol in mutant model 28 as compared the o wild type. Collectively, this is the first study to highlight the configurational entropy of protein-protein interactions thereby strengthening the prediction of two significant important interaction sites in menin for the binding of RPA2. These predicted sites could be vulnerable for structural alternation in terms of binding free energy and configurational entropy after missense mutation in menin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manisha Prajapat
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Harvinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishant Shekhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shweta Sinha
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Research Block B, 4th Floor, Lab No 4044, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miranda ISDM, Valadares LP, Barra GB, Mesquita PG, de Santana LB, de Castro LF, Rita THS, Naves LA. Clinical and molecular features of four Brazilian families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117873. [PMID: 36967793 PMCID: PMC10036827 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by its clinical variability and complexity in diagnosis and treatment. We performed both clinical and molecular descriptions of four families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brasília. METHODS From a preliminary review of approximately 500 medical records of patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) from the database of the Neuroendocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital of Brasília, a total of 135 patients met the criteria of at least two affected family members. From this cohort, we have identified 34 families: only four with a phenotype of MEN1 and the other 30 families with the phenotype of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). Eleven patients with a clinical diagnosis of MEN1 from these four families were selected. RESULTS Variants in MEN1 gene were identified in all families. One individual from each family underwent genetic testing using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS). All patients had primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and the second most common manifestation was PitNET. One individual had well-differentiated liposarcoma, which has been previously reported in a single case of MEN1. Three variants previously described in the database and a novel variant in exon 2 have been found. CONCLUSIONS The study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of families with MEN1 in a follow-up at a tertiary center in Brasília.
Collapse
|
3
|
Identification of New, Functionally Relevant Mutations in the Coding Regions of the Human Fos and Jun Proto-Oncogenes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010005. [PMID: 33374881 PMCID: PMC7823737 DOI: 10.3390/life11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression of many pro-destructive/pro-inflammatory proteins depends on the transcription factor AP-1. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the presence and functional relevance of mutations in the coding regions of the AP-1 subunits of the fos and jun family in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and osteoarthritis patients (OA, disease control), as well as normal controls (NC). Using the non-isotopic RNAse cleavage assay, one known polymorphism (T252C: silent; rs1046117; present in RA, OA, and NC) and three novel germline mutations of the cfos gene were detected: (i) C361G/A367G: Gln121Glu/Ile123Val, denoted as “fos121/123”; present only in one OA sample; (ii) G374A: Arg125Lys, “fos125”; and (iii) C217A/G374A: Leu73Met/Arg125Lys, “fos73/125”, the latter two exclusively present in RA. In addition, three novel somatic cjun mutations (604–606ΔCAG: ΔGln202, “jun202”; C706T: Pro236Ser, “jun236”; G750A: silent) were found exclusively in the RA SM. Tansgenic expression of fos125 and fos73/125 mutants in NIH-3T3 cells induced an activation of reporter constructs containing either the MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase) promoter (3- and 4-fold, respectively) or a pentameric AP-1 site (approximately 5-fold). Combined expression of these two cfos mutants with cjun wildtype or mutants (jun202, jun236) further enhanced reporter expression of the pentameric AP-1 construct. Finally, genotyping for the novel functionally relevant germline mutations in 298 RA, 288 OA, and 484 NC samples revealed no association with RA. Thus, functional cfos/cjun mutants may contribute to local joint inflammation/destruction in selected patients with RA by altering the transactivation capacity of AP-1 complexes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Marx SJ, Goltzman D. Evolution of Our Understanding of the Hyperparathyroid Syndromes: A Historical Perspective. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:22-37. [PMID: 30536424 PMCID: PMC6396287 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review advancing and overlapping stages for our understanding of the expressions of six hyperparathyroid (HPT) syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or type 4, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism, and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. During stage 1 (1903 to 1967), the introduction of robust measurement of serum calcium was a milestone that uncovered hypercalcemia as the first sign of dysfunction in many HPT subjects, and inheritability was reported in each syndrome. The earliest reports of HPT syndromes were biased toward severe or striking manifestations. During stage 2 (1959 to 1985), the early formulations of a syndrome were improved. Radioimmunoassays (parathyroid hormone [PTH], gastrin, insulin, prolactin, calcitonin) were breakthroughs. They could identify a syndrome carrier, indicate an emerging tumor, characterize a tumor, or monitor a tumor. During stage 3 (1981 to 2006), the assembly of many cases enabled recognition of further details. For example, hormone non-secreting skin lesions were discovered in MEN1 and MEN2A. During stage 4 (1985 to the present), new genomic tools were a revolution for gene identification. Four principal genes ("principal" implies mutated or deleted in 50% or more probands for its syndrome) (MEN1, RET, CASR, CDC73) were identified for five syndromes. During stage 5 (1993 to the present), seven syndromal genes other than a principal gene were identified (CDKN1B, CDKN2B, CDKN2C, CDKN1A, GNA11, AP2S1, GCM2). Identification of AP2S1 and GCM2 became possible because of whole-exome sequencing. During stages 4 and 5, the newly identified genes enabled many studies, including robust assignment of the carriers and non-carriers of a mutation. Furthermore, molecular pathways of RET and the calcium-sensing receptor were elaborated, thereby facilitating developments in pharmacotherapy. Current findings hold the promise that more genes for HPT syndromes will be identified and studied in the near future. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Marx
- Office of the Scientific Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zaman S, Sukhodolets K, Wang P, Qin J, Levens D, Agarwal SK, Marx SJ. FBP1 Is an Interacting Partner of Menin. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:535401. [PMID: 25132853 PMCID: PMC4123598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/535401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a syndrome characterized by tumors in multiple endocrine tissues such as the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tissues. MEN1 is usually caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene that codes for the protein menin. Menin interacts with proteins that regulate transcription, DNA repair and processing, and maintenance of cytoskeletal structure. We describe the identification of FBP1 as an interacting partner of menin in a large-scale pull-down assay that also immunoprecipitated RBBP5, ASH2, and LEDGF, which are members of complex proteins associated with SET1 (COMPASS), a protein complex that methylates histone H3. This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and Flag-pull-down assays. Furthermore, menin localized to the FUSE site on the MYC promoter, a site that is transactivated by FBP1. This investigation therefore places menin in a pathway that regulates MYC gene expression and has important implications for the biological function of menin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Zaman
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Sukhodolets
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Wang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Levens
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunita K. Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J. Marx
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Building 10, Room 9C-103, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- *Stephen J. Marx:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borowiak M, Kuhlmann AS, Girard S, Gazzolo L, Mesnard JM, Jalinot P, Dodon MD. HTLV-1 bZIP factor impedes the menin tumor suppressor and upregulates JunD-mediated transcription of the hTERT gene. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2664-72. [PMID: 23784080 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity in cancer cells is dependent on the transcriptional regulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of human telomerase. We have shown previously that HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper (HBZ), a viral regulatory protein encoded by the human retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) cooperates with JunD to enhance hTERT transcription in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells. Menin, the product of the tumor-suppressor MEN-1 gene, also interacts with JunD, represses its transcriptional activity and downregulates telomerase expression. The main objective of this study was to examine how menin and HBZ get involved in the regulation of hTERT transcription. In this study, we report that JunD and menin form a repressor complex of hTERT transcription in HBZ-negative cells. Conversely, in HBZ-positive cells, the formation of a JunD/HBZ/menin ternary complex and the recruitment of p300 histone acetyl transferase activity by HBZ lead to a decreased activity of the JunD-menin suppressor unit that correlates with the activation of hTERT transcription. Silencing HBZ or menin expression in ATL cells confirms that these proteins are differentially involved in telomerase regulation. These results propose that HBZ, by impeding the tumor-suppressor activity of menin, functions as a leukemogenic cofactor to upregulate gene transcription and promote JunD-mediated leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Borowiak
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5239, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi K, Parekh VI, Roy S, Desai SS, Agarwal SK. The embryonic transcription factor Hlxb9 is a menin interacting partner that controls pancreatic β-cell proliferation and the expression of insulin regulators. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:111-22. [PMID: 23419452 PMCID: PMC6250975 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the MEN1 gene encoding menin, with tissue-specific tumors of the parathyroids, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic endocrine tissues. Also, 30-40% of sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors show somatic MEN1 gene inactivation. Although menin is expressed in all cell types of the pancreas, mouse models with loss of menin in either pancreatic α-cells, or β-cells, or total pancreas develop β-cell-specific endocrine tumors (insulinomas). Loss of widely expressed tumor suppressor genes may produce tissue-specific tumors by reactivating one or more embryonic-specific differentiation factors. Therefore, we determined the effect of menin overexpression or knockdown on the expression of β-cell differentiation factors in a mouse β-cell line (MIN6). We show that the β-cell differentiation factor Hlxb9 is posttranscriptionally upregulated upon menin knockdown, and it interacts with menin. Hlxb9 reduces cell proliferation and causes apoptosis in the presence of menin, and it regulates genes that modulate insulin level. Thus, upon menin loss or from other causes, dysregulation of Hlxb9 predicts a possible combined mechanism for β-cell proliferation and insulin production in insulinomas. These observations help to understand how a ubiquitously expressed protein such as menin might control tissue-specific tumorigenesis. Also, our findings identify Hlxb9 as an important factor for β-cell proliferation and insulin regulation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Insulinoma/genetics
- Insulinoma/metabolism
- Insulinoma/pathology
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Shi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thevenon J, Bourredjem A, Faivre L, Cardot-Bauters C, Calender A, Murat A, Giraud S, Niccoli P, Odou MF, Borson-Chazot F, Barlier A, Lombard-Bohas C, Clauser E, Tabarin A, Parfait B, Chabre O, Castermans E, Beckers A, Ruszniewski P, Le Bras M, Delemer B, Bouchard P, Guilhem I, Rohmer V, Goichot B, Caron P, Baudin E, Chanson P, Groussin L, Du Boullay H, Weryha G, Lecomte P, Penfornis A, Bihan H, Archambeaud F, Kerlan V, Duron F, Kuhn JM, Vergès B, Rodier M, Renard M, Sadoul JL, Binquet C, Goudet P. Higher risk of death among MEN1 patients with mutations in the JunD interacting domain: a Groupe d’étude des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) cohort study. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1940-8. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
9
|
The same pocket in menin binds both MLL and JUND but has opposite effects on transcription. Nature 2012; 482:542-6. [PMID: 22327296 DOI: 10.1038/nature10806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Menin is a tumour suppressor protein whose loss or inactivation causes multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1), a hereditary autosomal dominant tumour syndrome that is characterized by tumorigenesis in multiple endocrine organs. Menin interacts with many proteins and is involved in a variety of cellular processes. Menin binds the JUN family transcription factor JUND and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Several MEN1 missense mutations disrupt the menin-JUND interaction, suggesting a correlation between the tumour-suppressor function of menin and its suppression of JUND-activated transcription. Menin also interacts with mixed lineage leukaemia protein 1 (MLL1), a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, and functions as an oncogenic cofactor to upregulate gene transcription and promote MLL1-fusion-protein-induced leukaemogenesis. A recent report on the tethering of MLL1 to chromatin binding factor lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) by menin indicates that menin is a molecular adaptor coordinating the functions of multiple proteins. Despite its importance, how menin interacts with many distinct partners and regulates their functions remains poorly understood. Here we present the crystal structures of human menin in its free form and in complexes with MLL1 or with JUND, or with an MLL1-LEDGF heterodimer. These structures show that menin contains a deep pocket that binds short peptides of MLL1 or JUND in the same manner, but that it can have opposite effects on transcription. The menin-JUND interaction blocks JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated JUND phosphorylation and suppresses JUND-induced transcription. In contrast, menin promotes gene transcription by binding the transcription activator MLL1 through the peptide pocket while still interacting with the chromatin-anchoring protein LEDGF at a distinct surface formed by both menin and MLL1.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
MEN1 and MEN2 are autosomal dominant cancer syndromes with the potential for considerable morbidity and mortality. Better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in MEN1 and MEN2 has fostered the development of specific DNA screening. Knowing the genetic status of patients is valuable for making decisions regarding surveillance and interventions, such as prophylactic thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid cancer. Identifying new RET pathways has provided molecular targets for therapies that currently are being tested in clinical trials for locally advanced, metastatic, and recurrent medullary thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L White
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, and Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, 5301 McAuley Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48197, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agarwal SK, Impey S, McWeeney S, Scacheri PC, Collins FS, Goodman RH, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ. Distribution of menin-occupied regions in chromatin specifies a broad role of menin in transcriptional regulation. Neoplasia 2007; 9:101-7. [PMID: 17356705 PMCID: PMC1813935 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin is the protein product of the MEN1 tumor-suppressor gene; one allele of MEN1 is inactivated in the germ line of patients with "multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1" (MEN1) cancer syndrome. Menin interacts with several proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. RNA expression analyses have identified several menin-regulated genes that could represent proximal or distal interaction sites for menin. This report presents a substantial and unbiased sampling of menin-occupied chromatin regions using Serial Analysis of Chromatin Occupancy; this method combines chromatin immuno-precipitation with Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. Hundreds of menin-occupied genomic sites were identified in promoter regions (32% of menin-occupied loci), near the 3' end of genes (14%), or inside genes (21%), extending other data about menin recruitments to many sites of transcriptional activity. A large number of menin-occupied sites (33%) were located outside known gene regions. Additional annotation of the human genome could help in identifying genes at these loci, or these might be gene-free regions of the genome where menin occupancy could play some structural or regulatory role. Menin occupancy at many intragenic positions distant from the core promoter reveals an unexpected type of menin target region at many loci in the genome. These unbiased data also suggest that menin could play a broad role in transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cerrato A, Parisi M, Santa Anna S, Missirlis F, Guru S, Agarwal S, Sturgill D, Talbot T, Spiegel A, Collins F, Chandrasekharappa S, Marx S, Oliver B. Genetic interactions between Drosophila melanogaster menin and Jun/Fos. Dev Biol 2006; 298:59-70. [PMID: 16930585 PMCID: PMC2291284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Menin is a tumor suppressor required to prevent multiple endocrine neoplasia in humans. Mammalian menin protein is associated with chromatin modifying complexes and has been shown to bind a number of nuclear proteins, including the transcription factor JunD. Menin shows bidirectional effects acting positively on c-Jun and negatively on JunD. We have produced protein null alleles of Drosophila menin (mnn1) and have over expressed the Mnn1 protein. Flies homozygous for protein-null mnn1 alleles are viable and fertile. Localized over-expression of Mnn1 causes defects in thoracic closure, a phenotype that sometimes results from insufficient Jun activity. We observed complex genetic interactions between mnn1 and jun in different developmental settings. Our data support the idea that one function of menin is to modulate Jun activity in a manner dependent on the cellular context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Cerrato
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Six multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes have received a level of attention that might seem disproportionate to their low prevalence. The attention has been given because their hormonal excesses cause striking metabolic expressions and because they might clarify pathways disrupted in more common tumours. The recent discovery of the main gene in each MEN syndrome has furthered our understanding of not only hereditary but also sporadic tumours and has fostered new avenues of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Marx
- National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9C-101, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agarwal SK, Lee Burns A, Sukhodolets KE, Kennedy PA, Obungu VH, Hickman AB, Mullendore ME, Whitten I, Skarulis MC, Simonds WF, Mateo C, Crabtree JS, Scacheri PC, Ji Y, Novotny EA, Garrett-Beal L, Ward JM, Libutti SK, Richard Alexander H, Cerrato A, Parisi MJ, Santa Anna-A S, Oliver B, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ. Molecular pathology of the MEN1 gene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1014:189-98. [PMID: 15153434 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1294.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), among all syndromes, causes tumors in the highest number of tissue types. Most of the tumors are hormone producing (e.g., parathyroid, enteropancreatic endocrine, anterior pituitary) but some are not (e.g., angiofibroma). MEN1 tumors are multiple for organ type, for regions of a discontinuous organ, and for subregions of a continuous organ. Cancer contributes to late mortality; there is no effective prevention or cure for MEN1 cancers. Morbidities are more frequent from benign than malignant tumor, and both are indicators for screening. Onset age is usually earlier in a tumor type of MEN1 than of nonhereditary cases. Broad trends contrast with those in nonneoplastic excess of hormones (e.g., persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy). Most germline or somatic mutations in the MEN1 gene predict truncation or absence of encoded menin. Similarly, 11q13 loss of heterozygosity in tumors predicts inactivation of the other MEN1 copy. MEN1 somatic mutation is prevalent in nonhereditary, MEN1-like tumor types. Compiled germline and somatic mutations show almost no genotype/phenotype relation. Normal menin is 67 kDa, widespread, and mainly nuclear. It may partner with junD, NF-kB, PEM, SMAD3, RPA2, FANCD2, NM23beta, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A, GFAP, and/or vimentin. These partners have not clarified menin's pathways in normal or tumor tissues. Animal models have opened approaches to menin pathways. Local overexpression of menin in Drosophila reveals its interaction with the jun-kinase pathway. The Men1+/- mouse has robust MEN1; its most important difference from human MEN1 is marked hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, a tumor precursor stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agarwal SK, Novotny EA, Crabtree JS, Weitzman JB, Yaniv M, Burns AL, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ. Transcription factor JunD, deprived of menin, switches from growth suppressor to growth promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:10770-5. [PMID: 12960363 PMCID: PMC196878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1834524100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Different components of the AP1 transcription factor complex appear to have distinct effects on cell proliferation and transformation. In contrast to other AP1 components, JunD has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation. Also, in prior studies, JunD alone bound menin, product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, and JunD's transcriptional activity was inhibited by menin, suggesting that JunD might achieve all or most of its unique properties through binding to menin. Analyses of JunD and menin effects on proliferation, morphology, and cyclin D1 in stable cell lines unmasked an unexpected growth promoting activity of JunD. Whereas stable overexpression of wild-type (wt) mouse JunD in JunD-/- immortalized fibroblasts inhibited their proliferation and reverted their transformed-like phenotype, overexpression of a missense mouse JunD mutant (mJunDG42E) with disabled binding to menin showed opposite or growth promoting effects. Similarly, stable overexpression of wt mouse JunD in wt immortalized fibroblasts inhibited growth. In contrast, its overexpression in Men1-/- immortalized fibroblasts enhanced their already transformed-like characteristics. To conclude, JunD changed from growth suppressor to growth promoter when its binding to menin was prevented by a JunD mutant unable to bind menin or by Men1-null genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome affecting primarily parathyroid, enteropancreatic endocrine and pituitary tissues. The inactivating germline and somatic mutations spread throughout the gene and the accompanying loss of the second allele in tumours show that the MEN1 gene is a tumour suppressor. The MEN1-encoded protein, menin, is a novel nuclear protein. Menin binds and alters JunD-, NF-kappaB-, Smad3-mediated transcriptional activation. The mouse Men1 knockout model mimicks the human MEN1 condition contributing to the understanding of tumorigenesis in MEN1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Chandrasekharappa
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sukhodolets KE, Hickman AB, Agarwal SK, Sukhodolets MV, Obungu VH, Novotny EA, Crabtree JS, Chandrasekharappa SC, Collins FS, Spiegel AM, Burns AL, Marx SJ. The 32-kilodalton subunit of replication protein A interacts with menin, the product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:493-509. [PMID: 12509449 PMCID: PMC151531 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.2.493-509.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin is a 70-kDa protein encoded by MEN1, the tumor suppressor gene disrupted in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In a yeast two-hybrid system based on reconstitution of Ras signaling, menin was found to interact with the 32-kDa subunit (RPA2) of replication protein A (RPA), a heterotrimeric protein required for DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The menin-RPA2 interaction was confirmed in a conventional yeast two-hybrid system and by direct interaction between purified proteins. Menin-RPA2 binding was inhibited by a number of menin missense mutations found in individuals with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and the interacting regions were mapped to the N-terminal portion of menin and amino acids 43 to 171 of RPA2. This region of RPA2 contains a weak single-stranded DNA-binding domain, but menin had no detectable effect on RPA-DNA binding in vitro. Menin bound preferentially in vitro to free RPA2 rather than the RPA heterotrimer or a subcomplex consisting of RPA2 bound to the 14-kDa subunit (RPA3). However, the 70-kDa subunit (RPA1) was coprecipitated from HeLa cell extracts along with RPA2 by menin-specific antibodies, suggesting that menin binds to the RPA heterotrimer or a novel RPA1-RPA2-containing complex in vivo. This finding was consistent with the extensive overlap in the nuclear localization patterns of endogenous menin, RPA2, and RPA1 observed by immunofluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sukhodolets
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The JunD transcription factor is one member of the Jun family of proteins that also includes c-Jun and JunB. Although c-Jun can function to promote cell proliferation and can cooperate with other oncogenes to transform cells, JunD slows proliferation of fibroblasts and antagonizes transformation by activated ras. Two isoforms of JunD, a full-length isoform containing 341 amino acids (JunD-FL) and a truncated isoform lacking 48 amino acids at the N terminus (Delta JunD), are generated through utilization of two translation start sites within a single mRNA. Here we show that both isoforms of JunD are phosphorylated by Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) at three identical residues and that both contain a docking domain that specifically binds JNKs. The JunD-FL isoform binds to and is phosphorylated by JNK more efficiently than Delta JunD in vitro; correspondingly, JunD-FL is a more potent transcriptional activator than Delta JunD. Although increased JNK signaling can activate both JunD isoforms, mutating either the JNK docking domain or the target JNK phosphorylation sites blocks this activation. These results identify two distinct isoforms of JunD with differential responses to JNK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oya Yazgan
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and the Southwest Cancer Center at University Medical Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calender A, Vercherat C, Gaudray P, Chayvialle JA. Deregulation of genetic pathways in neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Oncol 2002; 12 Suppl 2:S3-11. [PMID: 11762348 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity and redundancy of functional pathways controlled by the human genome explain that a single type of tumor can be induced by independant defective mutations in various genes that encode proteins acting in different parts of the cell physiology. Neuroendocrine tumors represent a powerful model for understanding such a complexity from the fact that at least six unrelated genetic syndromes have been characterized in the last decade which predispose to endocrine cell proliferation with variable penetrance and expressivity. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, von Hippel-Lindau. Carney and uncommonly Recklinghausen and Tuberous Sclerosis syndromes represent almost the whole panel of genetic diseases for which genes have been cloned and most of the functional knowledge has been collected. All the endocrine glands are concerned in these diseases, but the cellular pathways that are deregulated downstream from the deleterious mutations occurring in the genes of these autosomal dominant syndromes. might be related to each step of the cell life, from mitosis to DNA transcription, membrane receptor signalling and growth factor production, protein catabolism and extracellular matrix synthesis, and from transcription regulation to apoptosis and response to hypoxia and cellular stress. Here, we present an overview of genes involved in genetic predisposition to neuroendocrine tumors and highlight the complexity of pathways involved and the need of further studies focussing on genes involved in tumoral progression, most neuroendocrine tumors being benign at initial diagnosis but able to produce highly malignant cellular clones related to secondary genetic alterations or deregulation of growth factor production or cell cell adhesion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Calender
- Department of Genetics, Hĵpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Schussheim DH, Skarulis MC, Agarwal SK, Simonds WF, Burns AL, Spiegel AM, Marx SJ. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: new clinical and basic findings. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2001; 12:173-8. [PMID: 11295574 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-2760(00)00372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) provides a prime example of how a rare disease can advance our understanding of basic cell biology, neoplasia and common endocrine tumors. MEN1 is expressed mainly as parathyroid, enteropancreatic neuroendocrine, anterior pituitary and foregut carcinoid tumors. It is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutation of the MEN1 gene. Since its identification, the MEN1 gene has been implicated in many common endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. This is a brief overview of recent scientific advances relating to MEN1, including newly recognized clinical features that are now better characterized by genetic analysis, insights into the function of the MEN1-encoded protein menin, and refined recommendations for mutation testing and tumor screening, which highlight our increasing understanding of this complex syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D H Schussheim
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, 20892, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|