1
|
Sethy PS, Sengupta K, Mukhopadhyay S, Saha P. Translational regulation of δ-tubulin through its 5'-untranslated region. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3451-3458. [PMID: 36757552 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND δ-tubulin - a member of tubulin superfamily, is found in a subset of eukaryotes including human where it has a role in centriole maturation. The mutation in the gene results in a disorganized microtubule triplet arrangement leading to formation of defective centriole. Since centriole maturation is a periodic event, it will be interesting to see if δ-tubulin is also regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS In this regard we show that the abundance of δ-tubulin mRNA remains unchanged throughout the cell cycle. However, the protein level varies periodically with a significantly higher expression in S-phase, implying regulation at the level of translation. Sequence analysis establishes the presence of a 90-base long conserved region, including a consensus motif of nine residues in the 5´-untranslated region (5´-UTR) of δ-tubulin transcript. The deletion analysis of the conserved region using luciferase reporter assay system confirms its strong inhibitory effect on translation. Interestingly, microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) is found to interact specifically with the 90-base long conserved region in the 5´-UTR and possibly responsible, at least partially, for the translation inhibitory activity of the UTR. Remarkably, MAP4 interacts with δ-tubulin in a periodic manner at protein level also. CONCLUSION The results reported here show that δ-tubulin protein expression is regulated at posttranscriptional level and strongly suggest the role of MAP4 in modulation of both abundance and function of δ-tubulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshani Suchismita Sethy
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kasturi Sengupta
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Code Biotherapeutics, 2801 Sterling Drive, PA 19440, Hatfield, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jdeed S, Erdős E, Bálint BL, Uray IP. The Role of ARID1A in the Nonestrogenic Modulation of IGF-1 Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1071-1082. [PMID: 35320351 PMCID: PMC9381091 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gaining pharmacologic access to the potential of ARID1A, a tumor suppressor protein, to mediate transcriptional control over cancer gene expression is an unresolved challenge. Retinoid X receptor ligands are pleiotropic, incompletely understood tools that regulate breast epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that low-dose bexarotene (Bex) combined with the nonselective beta-blocker carvedilol (Carv) reduces proliferation of MCF10DCIS.com cells and markedly suppresses ARID1A levels. Similarly, Carv synergized with Bex in MCF-7 cells to suppress cell growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that under nonestrogenic conditions Bex + Carv alters the concerted genomic distribution of the chromatin remodeler ARID1A and acetylated histone H3K27, at sites related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. Several distinct sites of ARID1A enrichment were identified in the IGF-1 receptor and IRS1 genes, associated with a suppression of both proteins. The knock-down of ARID1A increased IGF-1R levels, prevented IGF-1R and IRS1 suppression upon Bex + Carv, and stimulated proliferation. In vitro IGF-1 receptor neutralizing antibody suppressed cell growth, while elevated IGF-1R or IRS1 expression was associated with poor survival of patients with ER-negative breast cancer. Our study demonstrates direct impact of ARID1A redistribution on the expression and growth regulation of IGF-1-related genes, induced by repurposed clinical drugs under nonestrogenic conditions. IMPLICATIONS This study underscores the possibility of the pharmacologic modulation of the ARID1A factor to downregulate protumorigenic IGF-1 activity in patients with postmenopausal breast cancer undergoing aromatase inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sham Jdeed
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edina Erdős
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint L. Bálint
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Iván P. Uray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Corresponding Author: Iván Uray, Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ribociclib Induces Broad Chemotherapy Resistance and EGFR Dependency in ESR1 Wildtype and Mutant Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246314. [PMID: 34944934 PMCID: PMC8699146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While endocrine therapy is highly effective for the treatment of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer, a significant number of patients will eventually experience disease progression and develop treatment-resistant, metastatic cancer. The majority of resistant tumours remain dependent on ERα-action, with activating ESR1 gene mutations occurring in 15-40% of advanced cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel effective therapies that can eradicate cancer cells with aberrant ERα and to understand the cellular response underlying their action. Here, we evaluate the response of MCF7-derived, CRISPR-Cas9-generated cell lines expressing mutant ERα (Y537S) to a large number of drugs. We report sensitivity to numerous clinically approved inhibitors, including CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib, which is a standard-of-care therapy in the treatment of metastatic ERα-positive breast cancer and currently under evaluation in the neoadjuvant setting. Ribociclib treatment induces senescence in both wildtype and mutant ERα breast cancer models and leads to a broad-range drug tolerance. Strikingly, viability of cells undergoing ribociclib-induced cellular senescence is maintained via engagement of EGFR signalling, which may be therapeutically exploited in both wildtype and mutant ERα-positive breast cancer. Our study highlights a wide-spread reduction in sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs accompanied with an acquired vulnerability to EGFR inhibitors following CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dysregulation of miRNAs Targeting the IGF-1R Pathway in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081856. [PMID: 34440625 PMCID: PMC8391367 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent neoplastic lethal pancreatic disease, has a poor prognosis and an increasing incidence. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is considered to be a contributing factor to the progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance of PDAC. Currently available treatment options for PDAC are limited, but microRNAs (miRNAs) may represent a new therapeutic strategy for targeting genes involved in the IGF-1R signaling pathway. Method: We investigated the expression levels of 21 miRNAs involved in the IGF-1R signaling pathway in pancreatic tissue from 38 patients with PDAC and 11 controls (five patients with chronic pancreatitis and six patients with normal pancreatic tissue). Results: We found 19 differentially expressed miRNAs between the PDAC cases and the controls. In particular, miR-100-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-9-5p, and miR-195-5p were exclusively downregulated in PDAC tissue but not in chronic pancreatitis or normal pancreatic tissues; both control types presented similar levels. We also identified miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-7-5p as downregulated miRNAs in PDAC tissues as compared with normal tissues but not with pancreatitis tissues. Conclusions: We identified a panel of miRNAs that could represent putative therapeutic targets for the development of new miRNA-based therapies for PDAC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prekovic S, Schuurman K, Mayayo-Peralta I, Manjón AG, Buijs M, Yavuz S, Wellenstein MD, Barrera A, Monkhorst K, Huber A, Morris B, Lieftink C, Chalkiadakis T, Alkan F, Silva J, Győrffy B, Hoekman L, van den Broek B, Teunissen H, Debets DO, Severson T, Jonkers J, Reddy T, de Visser KE, Faller W, Beijersbergen R, Altelaar M, de Wit E, Medema R, Zwart W. Glucocorticoid receptor triggers a reversible drug-tolerant dormancy state with acquired therapeutic vulnerabilities in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4360. [PMID: 34272384 PMCID: PMC8285479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates gene expression, governing aspects of homeostasis, but is also involved in cancer. Pharmacological GR activation is frequently used to alleviate therapy-related side-effects. While prior studies have shown GR activation might also have anti-proliferative action on tumours, the underpinnings of glucocorticoid action and its direct effectors in non-lymphoid solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we study the mechanisms of glucocorticoid response, focusing on lung cancer. We show that GR activation induces reversible cancer cell dormancy characterised by anticancer drug tolerance, and activation of growth factor survival signalling accompanied by vulnerability to inhibitors. GR-induced dormancy is dependent on a single GR-target gene, CDKN1C, regulated through chromatin looping of a GR-occupied upstream distal enhancer in a SWI/SNF-dependent fashion. These insights illustrate the importance of GR signalling in non-lymphoid solid cancer biology, particularly in lung cancer, and warrant caution for use of glucocorticoids in treatment of anticancer therapy related side-effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G Manjón
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Buijs
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selçuk Yavuz
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max D Wellenstein
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, and Centre for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Huber
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theofilos Chalkiadakis
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferhat Alkan
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Silva
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology and BioImaging Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Teunissen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna O Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Reddy
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, and Centre for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Mass spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geleta B, Park KC, Jansson PJ, Sahni S, Maleki S, Xu Z, Murakami T, Pajic M, Apte MV, Richardson DR, Kovacevic Z. Breaking the cycle: Targeting of NDRG1 to inhibit bi-directional oncogenic cross-talk between pancreatic cancer and stroma. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21347. [PMID: 33484481 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002279r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is characterized by dense stroma that hinders treatment efficacy, with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) being a major contributor to this stromal barrier and PaCa progression. Activated PSCs release hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) that induce PaCa proliferation, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. We demonstrate for the first time that the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), is a potent inhibitor of the PaCa-PSC cross-talk, leading to inhibition of HGF and IGF-1 signaling. NDRG1 also potently reduced the key driver of PaCa metastasis, namely GLI1, leading to reduced PSC-mediated cell migration. The novel clinically trialed anticancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), which upregulates NDRG1, potently de-sensitized PaCa cells to ligands secreted by activated PSCs. DpC and NDRG1 also inhibited the PaCa-mediated activation of PSCs via inhibition of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. In vivo, DpC markedly reduced PaCa tumor growth and metastasis more avidly than the standard chemotherapy for this disease, gemcitabine. Uniquely, DpC was selectively cytotoxic against PaCa cells, while "re-programming" PSCs to an inactive state, decreasing collagen deposition and desmoplasia. Thus, targeting NDRG1 can effectively break the oncogenic cycle of PaCa-PSC bi-directional cross-talk to overcome PaCa desmoplasia and improve therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bekesho Geleta
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Drug Resistance Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanaz Maleki
- Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Cancer Metastasis and Tumour Microenvironment Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rothzerg E, Ho XD, Xu J, Wood D, Märtson A, Maasalu K, Kõks S. Alternative splicing of leptin receptor overlapping transcript in osteosarcoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1437-1443. [PMID: 32787464 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220949139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Osteosarcoma (OS, also known as osteogenic sarcoma) is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and adolescents. The molecular mechanisms of OS are extremely complicated and its molecular mediators remain to be elucidated. We sequenced total RNA from 18 OS bone samples (paired normal-tumor biopsies). We found statistically significant (FDR <0.05) 26 differentially expressed transcript variants of LEPROT gene with different expressions in normal and tumor samples. These findings contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of OS development and provide encouragement to pursue further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Rothzerg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Xuan D Ho
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aare Märtson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Katre Maasalu
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Use of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Studying the Function of Mutated Driver Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091369. [PMID: 31480737 PMCID: PMC6780401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is often treatment-resistant, with the emerging standard of care, gemcitabine, affording only a few months of incrementally-deteriorating survival. Reflecting on the history of failed clinical trials, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in oncology research provides the inspiration to discover new treatments for pancreatic cancer that come from better knowledge of pathogenesis mechanisms, not only of the derangements in and consequently acquired capabilities of the cancer cells, but also in the aberrant microenvironment that becomes established to support, sustain, and enhance neoplastic progression. On the other hand, the existing mutational profile of pancreatic cancer guides our understanding of the disease, but leaves many important questions of pancreatic cancer biology unanswered. Over the past decade, a series of transgenic and gene knockout mouse modes have been produced that develop pancreatic cancers with features reflective of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. Animal models of PDAC are likely to be essential to understanding the genetics and biology of the disease and may provide the foundation for advances in early diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang YK, Kang WM, Ma ZQ, Liu YQ, Zhou L, Yu JC. NUCKS1 promotes gastric cancer cell aggressiveness by upregulating IGF-1R and subsequently activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2018; 40:370-379. [PMID: 30371738 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kai Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Liu
- Cell Culture Centre, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang F, Bank T, Malnassy G, Arteaga M, Shang N, Dalheim A, Ding X, Cotler SJ, Denning MF, Nishimura MI, Breslin P, Qiu W. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and survival. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:732-746. [PMID: 29881824 PMCID: PMC5983153 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common primary cancer and second largest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The first-line oral chemotherapeutic agent sorafenib only increases survival in patients with advanced HCC by less than 3 months. Most patients with advanced HCC have shown limited response rates and survival benefits with sorafenib. Although sorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases, including serine/threonine-protein kinase c-Raf, serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, HCC cells are able to escape from sorafenib treatment using other pathways that the drug insufficiently inhibits. The aim of this study was to identify and target survival and proliferation pathways that enable HCC to escape the antitumor activity of sorafenib. We found that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) remains activated in HCC cells treated with sorafenib. Knockdown of IGF1R sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib treatment and decreases protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Overexpression of constitutively activated AKT reverses the effect of knockdown of IGF1R in sensitizing HCC cells to treatment with sorafenib. Further, we found that ceritinib, a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, effectively inhibits the IGF1R/AKT pathway and enhances the inhibitory efficacy of sorafenib in human HCC cell growth and survival in vitro, in a xenograft mouse model and in the c-Met/β-catenin-driven HCC mouse model. Conclusion: Our study provides a biochemical basis for evaluation of a new combination treatment that includes IGF1R inhibitors, such as ceritinib and sorafenib, in patients with HCC. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:732-746).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Thomas Bank
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Gregory Malnassy
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Maribel Arteaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Na Shang
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Annika Dalheim
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Pathology Department, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Scott J. Cotler
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Mitchell F. Denning
- Pathology Department, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Michael I. Nishimura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Peter Breslin
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
- Department of Molecular/Cellular Physiology, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery and Oncology Institute, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeon SH, Yoo JK, Kim CM, Lim ES, Lee SJ, Lee JM, Oh SH, Kim JK. The novel hsa-miR-12528 regulates tumourigenesis and metastasis through hypo-phosphorylation of AKT cascade by targeting IGF-1R in human lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:493. [PMID: 29712908 PMCID: PMC5928042 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer cases are increasing yearly; however, few novel therapeutic strategies for treating this disease have been developed. Here the dysregulation between microRNAs and oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes forms a close connection-loop to the development or progression in human lung carcinogenesis. That is, the relationship between microRNAs and carcinogenic mechanism may find the critical clue to improve the treatment efficacy. Accordingly, we identified and characterised a novel microRNA, hsa-miR-12528, in A549 cells. The miR-12528 expression was aberrantly downregulated in cancer cell lines and in the patient tissues derived from human non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, we found that miR-12528 post-transcriptionally controls the translation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region of IGF-1R mRNA. Notably, the IGF-1R gene is elevated in the majority of cancers and may be an attractive therapeutic target for anticancer therapy because elevated IGF-1R mediates the signalling amplification of a major oncogenic pathway in neoplasia. In A549 cells, miR-12528 overexpression epigenetically altered the downstream phosphorylation of the primary IGF-1R networks, negatively regulated proliferation, apoptosis and migratory activity, and consequently inhibited tumourigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Therefore, our discovery of hsa-miR-12528 may be able to be applied to the development of molecular-target therapeutic strategies and diagnosis-specific biomarkers for human lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 689 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghadban T, Dibbern JL, Reeh M, Miro JT, Tsui TY, Wellner U, Izbicki JR, Güngör C, Vashist YK. HSP90 is a promising target in gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil resistant pancreatic cancer. Apoptosis 2018; 22:369-380. [PMID: 27878398 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy (CT) options in pancreatic cancer (PC) are limited to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Several identified molecular targets in PC represent client proteins of HSP90. HSP90 is a promising target since it interferes with many oncogenic signaling pathways simultaneously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different HSP90 inhibitors in gemcitabine and 5-FU resistant PC. PC cell lines 5061, 5072 and 5156 were isolated and brought in to culture from patients being operated at our institution. L3.6pl cell line served as a control. Anti-proliferative efficacy of three different HSP90 inhibitors (17-AAG, 17-DMAG and 17-AEPGA) was evaluated by the MTT assay. Alterations in signaling pathway effectors and apoptosis upon HSP90 inhibition were determined by western blot analysis and annexin V/PI staining. The cell lines 5061, 5072 and 5156 were resistant to gemcitabine and 5-FU. In contrast 17-AAG and the water-soluble derivates 17-DMAG and 17-AEPGA displayed high anti-proliferative activity in all tested cell lines. The calculated IC50 was below 1 µM. Highly significant down regulation of epidermal-growth-factor-receptor, insulin-like-growth-factor-receptor-1, AKT and MAPK reflected the intracellular molecular signaling-network disruption. Furthermore, besides HSP70 also HSP27 was upregulated in all cell lines. Apoptosis occurred early under HSP90 inhibition and was determined by annexin V/PI staining and CASPASE-3 and PARP assay. In contrast, gemcitabine treated cells did not show any apoptosis. HSP90 inhibition disrupts multiple signaling cascades in gemcitabine and 5-FU resistant PC simultaneously and promotes cancer cell apoptosis. Watersoluble 17-DMAG is equally effective as 17-AAG. HSP27, besides HSP70, may represent an effective response marker of successful HSP90 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Ghadban
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith L Dibbern
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jameel T Miro
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tung Y Tsui
- Department of Surgery, University Medical College Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wellner
- Clinic for Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Visceral Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tarnowski M, Tkacz M, Zgutka K, Bujak J, Kopytko P, Pawlik A. Picropodophyllin (PPP) is a potent rhabdomyosarcoma growth inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:532. [PMID: 28793874 PMCID: PMC5550998 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factors and insulin are important factors promoting cancer growth and metastasis. The molecules act through IGF1 (IGF1R) and insulin (InsR) receptors. Rhambodmyosarcomas (RMS) overproduce IGF2 – a potent ligand for IGF1R and, at the same time, highly express IGF1 receptor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate possible application of picropodophyllin (PPP) – a potent IGF1R inhibitor. Methods In our study we used a number of in vitro assays showing influence of IGF1R blockage on RMS cell lines (both ARMS and ERMS) proliferation, migration, adhesion, cell cycling and signal transduction pathways. Additionally, we tested possible concomitant application of PPP with commonly used chemotherapeutics (vincristine, actinomycin-D and cisplatin). Moreover, we performed an in vivo study where PPP was injected intraperitoneally into RMS tumor bearing SCID mice. Results We observed that PPP strongly inhibits RMS proliferation, chemotaxis and adhesion. What is more, application of the IGF1R inhibitor attenuates MAPK phosphorylation and cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. PPP increases sensitivity of RMS cell lines to chemotherapy, specifically to vincristine and cisplatin. In our in vivo studies we noted that mice treated with PPP grew smaller tumors and displayed significantly decreased seeding into bone marrow. Conclusions The cyclolignan PPP effectively inhibits RMS tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in an animal model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3495-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bujak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16746-56. [PMID: 25944691 PMCID: PMC4599304 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to previous reports demonstrating the implication of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in this study, the potential prognostic values of IGF-1R expression/activation were analyzed. The expression and activation of IGF-1R were evaluated in two tissue microarray (TMA) sets from NSCLC patients (N = 352 for TMA I, and N = 353 for TMA II). Alterations in IGF-1R protein or mRNA expression in NSCLC patients were evaluated using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that membranous and cytoplasmic IGF-1R expressions were significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in both of the TMAs. Analysis of the TCGA data revealed increased mRNA levels in NSCLC patients, which was significantly associated with reductions in overall survival (OS) (median survival 26.51 vs. 47.77 months, P = 0.017) and disease-free survival (median survival 17.44 vs. 37.65 months, P = 0.045) only in NSCLC patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC). These data suggest that IGF-1R is activated in patients with NSCLC, particularly those with SCC. IGF-1R mRNA expression is a potential prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC, especially those with ADC. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prognostic value of IGF-1R in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Narayanan V, Weekes CD. Molecular therapeutics in pancreas cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:366-79. [PMID: 27096032 PMCID: PMC4824715 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the "precision-medicine" paradigm in oncology has ushered in tremendous improvements in patient outcomes in a wide variety of malignancies. However, pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained an obstinate challenge to the oncology community and continues to be associated with a dismal prognosis with 5-year survival rates consistently less than 5%. Cytotoxic chemotherapy with gemcitabine-based regimens has been the cornerstone of treatment in PDAC especially because most patients present with inoperable disease. But in recent years remarkable basic science research has improved our understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of PDAC. Whole genomic analysis has exemplified the genetic heterogeneity of pancreas cancer and has led to ingenious efforts to target oncogenes and their downstream signaling cascades. Novel stromal depletion strategies have been devised based on our enhanced recognition of the complex architecture of the tumor stroma and the various mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment that sustain tumorigenesis. Immunotherapy using vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors has also risen to the forefront of therapeutic strategies against PDAC. Furthermore, adoptive T cell transfer and strategies to target epigenetic regulators are being explored with enthusiasm. This review will focus on the recent advances in molecularly targeted therapies in PDAC and offer future perspectives to tackle this lethal disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Increased Serum Insulin Exposure Does Not Affect Age or Stage of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Pancreas 2016; 45:228-33. [PMID: 26418902 PMCID: PMC4710546 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In considering whether medications that increase insulin levels accelerate pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) development, we hypothesized that PC patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who used exogenous insulin or insulin-stimulating medications should have an earlier age at diagnosis or present with more advanced disease. METHODS Patients enrolled in our PC registry from June 1, 2003, to May 31, 2012, were stratified according to treatment solely with insulin, insulin-stimulating medications, or insulin-independent medications. Age at PC diagnosis, PC stage, and years between DM and PC diagnoses were analyzed among the cohorts. RESULTS Of 122 DM patients (mean age, 67.4 ± 10.2 years), the mean ages at PC diagnosis within the insulin-only (n = 40), insulin-stimulating (n = 11), insulin-independent (n = 71), and non-DM (n = 321) cohorts were 68.7 ± 10.5, 69.6 ± 10.8, 66.3 ± 9.7, and 65.5 ± 10.5 years, respectively. No significant difference among the age at PC diagnosis was observed based on duration or type of DM treatment. There was no correlation between PC stage and increased insulin exposure. CONCLUSIONS Anti-DM medications that increase exposure to insulin do not appear to accelerate PC development using outcomes of mean age at PC diagnosis, PC stage, or duration between DM and PC diagnoses.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abu-Farha M, Al Madhoun A, Abubaker J. The Rise and the Fall of Betatrophin/ANGPTL8 as an Inducer of β-Cell Proliferation. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4860595. [PMID: 27672665 PMCID: PMC5031879 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4860595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem that is caused by impaired insulin production from pancreatic β-cells. Efforts to regenerate β-cells have been advancing rapidly in the past two decades with progress made towards identifying new agents that induce β-cells regeneration. ANGPTL8, also named betatrophin, has been recently identified as a hormone capable of inducing β-cells proliferation and increasing β-cells mass in rodents. Its discovery has been cherished as a breakthrough and a game changer in the field of β-cells regeneration. Initially, ANGPTL8 has been identified as atypical member of the angiopoietin-like protein family as a regulator of triglyceride in plasma through its interaction with ANGPTL3 and its regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity. In this review, we will review literature on the proposed role of ANGPTL8 in β-cells proliferation, the controversy regarding this role, and the emerging data questioning its involvement in β-cells proliferation. Additionally we will discuss new clinical data that describes its role in diabetes and the putative therapeutic targeting of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Mohamed Abu-Farha: and
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Jehad Abubaker:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Growth hormone receptor inhibition decreases the growth and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e117. [PMID: 25301264 PMCID: PMC4221692 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the only major cancer with very low survival rates (1%). It is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Hyperactivated growth hormone receptor (GHR) levels have been shown to increase the risk of cancer in general and this pathway is a master regulator of key cellular functions like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, etc. However, to date there is no available data on how GHR promotes pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Here, we used an RNA interference approach targeted to GHR to determine whether targeting GHR is an effective method for controlling pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. For this, we used an in vitro model system consisting of HPAC and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells lines. GHR is upregulated in both of these cell lines and silencing GHR significantly reduced cell proliferation and viability. Inhibition of GHR also reduced the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells, which was aided through decreased colony-forming ability and reduced invasiveness. Flow cytometric and western blot analyses revealed the induction of apoptosis in GHR silenced cells. GHR silencing affected phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKT, mitogen extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, as well as, epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, silencing GHR also suppressed the expression of insulin receptor-β and cyclo-oxygenease-2. Altogether, GHR silencing controls the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and reveals its importance in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Subramani R, Lopez-Valdez R, Arumugam A, Nandy S, Boopalan T, Lakshmanaswamy R. Targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97016. [PMID: 24809702 PMCID: PMC4014591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Increasing incidence and mortality indicates that there is still much lacking in detection and management of the disease. This is partly due to a lack of specific symptoms during early stages of the disease. Several growth factor receptors have been associated with pancreatic cancer. Here, we have investigated if an RNA interference approach targeted to IGF-IR could be effective and efficient against pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. For that, we evaluated the effects of IGF-1R inhibition using small interfering RNA (siRNAs) on tumor growth and metastasis in HPAC and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. We found that silencing IGF-1R inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by blocking key signaling pathways such AKT/PI3K, MAPK, JAK/STAT and EMT. Silencing IGF-1R resulted in an anti-proliferative effect in PANC-1 and HPAC pancreatic cancer cell lines. Matrigel invasion, transwell migration and wound healing assays also revealed a role for IGF-1R in metastatic properties of pancreatic cancer. These results were further confirmed using Western blotting analysis of key intermediates involved in proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion. In addition, soft agar assays showed that silencing IGF-1R also blocks the colony forming capabilities of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Western blots, as well as, flow cytometric analysis revealed the induction of apoptosis in IGF-1R silenced cells. Interestingly, silencing IGF-1R also suppressed the expression of insulin receptor β. All these effects together significantly control pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis. To conclude, our results demonstrate the significance of IGF-1R in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lopez-Valdez
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arunkumar Arumugam
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sushmita Nandy
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thiyagarajan Boopalan
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reznik R, Hendifar AE, Tuli R. Genetic determinants and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Physiol 2014; 5:87. [PMID: 24624093 PMCID: PMC3939680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States, carrying a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5%, which is the poorest prognosis of any solid tumor type. Given the dismal prognosis associated with PDAC, a more thorough understanding of risk factors and genetic predisposition has important implications not only for cancer prevention, but also for screening techniques and the development of personalized therapies. While screening of the general population is not recommended or practicable with current diagnostic methods, studies are ongoing to evaluate its usefulness in people with at least 5- to 10-fold increased risk of PDAC. In order to help identify high-risk populations who would be most likely to benefit from early detection screening tests for pancreatic cancer, discovery of additional pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes is crucial. Thus, specific gene-based, gene-product, and marker-based testing for the early detection of pancreatic cancer are currently being developed, with the potential for these to be useful as potential therapeutic targets as well. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the genetic basis for PDAC with a focus on germline and familial determinants. A discussion of potential therapeutic targets and future directions in screening and treatment is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Reznik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew E Hendifar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Tuli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agarwal E, Chaudhuri A, Leiphrakpam PD, Haferbier KL, Brattain MG, Chowdhury S. Akt inhibitor MK-2206 promotes anti-tumor activity and cell death by modulation of AIF and Ezrin in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:145. [PMID: 24581231 PMCID: PMC3941258 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence for the role of aberrant cell survival signaling mechanisms in cancer progression and metastasis. Akt is a major component of cell survival-signaling mechanisms in several types of cancer. It has been shown that activated Akt stabilizes XIAP by S87 phosphorylation leading to survivin/XIAP complex formation, caspase inhibition and cytoprotection of cancer cells. We have reported that TGFβ/PKA/PP2A-mediated tumor suppressor signaling regulates Akt phosphorylation in association with the dissociation of survivin/XIAP complexes leading to inhibition of stress-dependent induction of cell survival. METHODS IGF1R-dependent colon cancer cells (GEO and CBS) were used for the study. Effects on cell proliferation and cell death were determined in the presence of MK-2206. Xenograft studies were performed to determine the effect of MK-2206 on tumor volume. The effect on various cell death markers such as XIAP, survivin, AIF, Ezrin, pEzrin was determined by western blot analysis. Graph pad 5.0 was used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS We characterized the mechanisms by which a novel Akt kinase inhibitor MK-2206 induced cell death in IGF1R-dependent colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with upregulated PI3K/Akt signaling in response to IGF1R activation. MK-2206 treatment generated a significant reduction in tumor growth in vivo and promoted cell death through two mechanisms. This is the first report demonstrating that Akt inactivation by MK-2206 leads to induction of and mitochondria-to-nuclear localization of the Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF), which is involved in caspase-independent cell death. We also observed that exposure to MK-2206 dephosphorylated Ezrin at the T567 site leading to the disruption of Akt-pEzrin-XIAP cell survival signaling. Ezrin phosphorylation at this site has been associated with malignant progression in solid tumors. CONCLUSION The identification of these 2 novel mechanisms leading to induction of cell death indicates MK-2206 might be a potential clinical candidate for therapeutic targeting of the subset of IGF1R-dependent cancers in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Brattain
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5950, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vandomme J, Touil Y, Ostyn P, Olejnik C, Flamenco P, El Machhour R, Segard P, Masselot B, Bailliez Y, Formstecher P, Polakowska R. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signals inversely regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activity to control human dental pulp stem cell quiescence, propagation, and differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:839-51. [PMID: 24266654 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain quiescent until activated in response to severe dental pulp damage. Once activated, they exit quiescence and enter regenerative odontogenesis, producing reparative dentin. The factors and signaling molecules that control the quiescence/activation and commitment to differentiation of human DPSCs are not known. In this study, we determined that the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling commonly activates DPSCs and promotes their exit from the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as from the pyronin Y(low) stem cell compartment. The inhibition of these two pathways, however, inversely determines DPSC fate. In contrast to p38 MAPK inhibitors, IGF-1R inhibitors enhance dental pulp cell sphere-forming capacity and reduce the cells' colony-forming capacity without inducing cell death. The inverse cellular changes initiated by IGF-1R and p38 MAPK inhibitors were accompanied by inverse changes in the levels of active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) factor, inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, a marker of early odontoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that there is cross talk between the IGF-1R and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in DPSCs and that the signals provided by these pathways converge at STAT3 and inversely regulate its activity to maintain quiescence or to promote self-renewal and differentiation of the cells. We propose a working model that explains the possible interactions between IGF-1R and p38 MAPK at the molecular level and describes the cellular consequences of these interactions. This model may inspire further fundamental study and stimulate research on the clinical applications of DPSC in cellular therapy and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Vandomme
- 1 Inserm U837 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL) , Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guha M, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial retrograde signaling at the crossroads of tumor bioenergetics, genetics and epigenetics. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:577-91. [PMID: 24004957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role not only in energy production but also in the integration of metabolic pathways as well as signals for apoptosis and autophagy. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondria in mammalian cells play critical roles in the initiation and propagation of various signaling cascades. In particular, mitochondrial metabolic and respiratory states and status on mitochondrial genetic instability are communicated to the nucleus as an adaptive response through retrograde signaling. Each mammalian cell contains multiple copies of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). A reduction in mtDNA copy number has been reported in various human pathological conditions such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, aging and cancer. Reduction in mtDNA copy number disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria. Dysfunctional mitochondria trigger retrograde signaling and communicate their changing metabolic and functional state to the nucleus as an adaptive response resulting in an altered nuclear gene expression profile and altered cell physiology and morphology. In this review, we provide an overview of the various modes of mitochondrial retrograde signaling focusing particularly on the Ca(2+)/Calcineurin mediated retrograde signaling. We discuss the contribution of the key factors of the pathway such as Calcineurin, IGF1 receptor, Akt kinase and HnRNPA2 in the propagation of signaling and their role in modulating genetic and epigenetic changes favoring cellular reprogramming towards tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manti Guha
- Department of Animal Biology and the Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Survival is associated with genetic variation in inflammatory pathway genes among patients with resected and unresected pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg 2013; 257:1096-102. [PMID: 23360921 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318275b7e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether or not the association between inflammation and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) is facilitated by host susceptibility, specifically by genetic polymorphisms in inflammation-related genes. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Inflammation has been linked to PC. Reports have cited an increased expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB and COX, in PC but not in normal adjacent tissue, suggesting a possible role in carcinogenesis. We sought to further understand the role that genetic variants in the NF-κB inflammatory pathway play in the development and progression of PC. METHODS We genotyped 1536 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 102 candidate genes of multiple inflammatory pathways in 1308 white patients with PC who were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the extent of disease: resected for cure (n = 400), locally advanced/unresected (n = 443), and metastatic (n = 465). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Statistical significance was set at less than 0.001 to control for multiple testing. RESULTS Median age was 67 (28.0-91.0) years, and 57% were men. Median survival for each of the 3 groups (resected, locally advanced, and metastatic) was 23.7, 9.4, and 6.6 months, respectively (P < 0.0001). In the resected group, carriers of a minor allele for either rs3824872 (MAPK8IP1) or rs8064821 (SOCS3) were associated with a 10- and 6-month survival advantage compared with noncarriers in patients with resected disease, with an additional 2-year survival if both minor alleles were present. With locally advanced disease, SNP rs1124736 (IGF1R) was associated with improved survival if they had a copy of the G allele, hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.77); P = 0.0002. In addition, 4 SNPs in patients with metastatic disease were found to be associated with worse survival and 2 associated with improved overall survival, but the differences in survival were deemed not clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS SNPs in the inflammatory pathway genes MAPK8IP1 and SOCS3 were associated with increased overall survival in patients undergoing potentially curative resection and may be used in the future as markers to predict survival. Future research is needed to determine the functional relevance of these loci.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haisa M. The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling system and targeted tyrosine kinase inhibition in cancer. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:253-64. [PMID: 23569026 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513476585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signalling plays a critical role in normal cell growth, and in cancer development and progression. IGF1R and the insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF1 and IGF2) are involved in various aspects of the malignant phenotype, suggesting that IGF1R is a potential target for cancer therapy. IGF1R is particularly important in the establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype, in mediating proliferation, and for the survival of tumour cells with anchorage-independent growth. IGF1R also exerts antiapoptotic activity and has a substantial influence on the control of the cell and body size. This property enables transformed cells to form macroscopic tumours and to survive the process of detachment required for metastasis. Pharmaceutical companies are investigating molecules that target IGF1R, including specific low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, both of which possess various advantages and display different activity profiles. This review article focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of low molecular weight IGF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is critical to pursue a thorough molecular analysis of the metabolic activity of IGF1R to avoid possible side-effects of its inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Haisa
- Department of Surgery, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang TCJ, Kar S, Javle M. Personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer: Myth or reality in 2010? J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 1:24-33. [PMID: 22811802 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2010.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chuan Jane Huang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, G11.3315, Unit 10, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bellucci R, Nguyen HN, Martin A, Heinrichs S, Schinzel AC, Hahn WC, Ritz J. Tyrosine kinase pathways modulate tumor susceptibility to natural killer cells. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2369-83. [PMID: 22684105 PMCID: PMC3386806 DOI: 10.1172/jci58457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are primary effectors of innate immunity directed against transformed tumor cells. In response, tumor cells have developed mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated lysis through molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. In the present study, we used a lentiviral shRNA library targeting more than 1,000 human genes to identify 83 genes that promote target cell resistance to human NK cell-mediated killing. Many of the genes identified in this genetic screen belong to common signaling pathways; however, none of them have previously been known to modulate susceptibility of human tumor cells to immunologic destruction. Gene silencing of two members of the JAK family (JAK1 and JAK2) increased the susceptibility of a variety of tumor cell types to NK-mediated lysis and induced increased secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells. Treatment of tumor cells with JAK inhibitors also increased susceptibility to NK cell activity. These findings may have important clinical implications and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases being developed as therapeutic antitumor agents may also have significant immunologic effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bellucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong-Nam Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C. Schinzel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Pediatric Oncology,
Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, and
Cancer Vaccine Center, DFCI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dong X, Li Y, Tang H, Chang P, Hess KR, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Insulin-like growth factor axis gene polymorphisms modify risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:206-11. [PMID: 21852217 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis genes plays a critical role in cancer development and progression via their impact on the RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. We hypothesized that IGF-axis genetic variants modify individual susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. METHODS We retrospectively genotyped 41 single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 10 IGF-axis genes (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGF2R, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGFBP5, IRS1, IRS2, and IRS4) in 706 pancreatic cancer patients and 706 cancer-free controls using Sequenom and TaqMan technology. The association between genotype and pancreatic cancer risk was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. A P value ≤.007 at a false discovery rate of 10% was set as the significance level. RESULTS We observed that the IGF1 *10212C>A and Ex4+2776G>A and IGF1R IVS2-70184A>G and IVS2+46329T>C variant genotypes were significantly associated with decreased pancreatic cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] range, 0.60-0.75) and that IGFBP1 Ex4+111A>G (I253M) was significantly associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk (OR=1.46) after adjusted for other risk factors and multiple comparisons (P≤.007). IGF2R and IGFBP3 variant haplotypes were associated with increased and decreased pancreatic cancer risk, respectively (P<.001). We also observed a weak interaction of the IGF1R IVS2+46329T>C and IGF2R Ex45+11C>T (L2222L) genotypes with diabetes (P(interaction)=.05) and interaction of IGF2R and IRS1 genotypes with alcohol consumption (P(interaction)=.03 and .019, respectively) on increased pancreatic cancer risk. CONCLUSION These findings support our hypothesis that polymorphic variants of IGF-axis genes act alone or jointly with other risk factors to affect susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Siddique HR, Liao DJ, Mishra SK, Schuster T, Wang L, Matter B, Campbell PM, Villalta P, Nanda S, Deng Y, Saleem M. Epicatechin-rich cocoa polyphenol inhibits Kras-activated pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in a mouse model. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1720-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
30
|
Ludwig JA, Lamhamedi-Cherradi SE, Lee HY, Naing A, Benjamin R. Dual targeting of the insulin-like growth factor and collateral pathways in cancer: combating drug resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3029-54. [PMID: 24212944 PMCID: PMC3759185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor pathway, regulated by a complex interplay of growth factors, cognate receptors, and binding proteins, is critically important for many of the hallmarks of cancer such as oncogenesis, cell division, growth, and antineoplastic resistance. Naturally, a number of clinical trials have sought to directly abrogate insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) function and/or indirectly mitigate its downstream mediators such as mTOR, PI3K, MAPK, and others under the assumption that such therapeutic interventions would provide clinical benefit, demonstrable by impaired tumor growth as well as prolonged progression-free and overall survival for patients. Though a small subset of patients enrolled within phase I or II clinical trials revealed dramatic clinical response to IGF-1R targeted therapies (most using monoclonal antibodies to IGF-1R), in toto, the anticancer effect has been underwhelming and unsustained, as even those with marked clinical responses seem to rapidly acquire resistance to IGF-1R targeted agents when used alone through yet to be identified mechanisms. As the IGF-1R receptor is just one of many that converge upon common intracellular signaling cascades, it is likely that effective IGF-1R targeting must occur in parallel with blockade of redundant signaling paths. Herein, we present the rationale for dual targeting of IGF-1R and other signaling molecules as an effective strategy to combat acquired drug resistance by carcinomas and sarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Ludwig
- Departments of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.C.); (R.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1 (713) 792-3626; Fax: +1 (713) 794-1934
| | - Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi
- Departments of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Departments of Thoracic Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; E-Mail: (H.Y.L.)
| | - Aung Naing
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; E-Mail: (A.N.)
| | - Robert Benjamin
- Departments of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; E-Mails: (S.L.C.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lashinger LM, Malone LM, McArthur MJ, Goldberg JA, Daniels EA, Pavone A, Colby JK, Smith NC, Perkins SN, Fischer SM, Hursting SD. Genetic reduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 mimics the anticancer effects of calorie restriction on cyclooxygenase-2-driven pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1030-40. [PMID: 21593196 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Risk of pancreatic cancer, the fourth deadliest cancer in the United States, is increased by obesity. Calorie restriction (CR) prevents obesity, suppresses carcinogenesis in many models, and reduces serum levels of IGF-1. In the present study, we examined the impact of CR on a model of inflammation-associated pancreatitis and pancreatic dysplasia, with a focus on the mechanistic contribution of systemic IGF-1. Administration of a 30% CR diet for 14 weeks decreased serum IGF-1 levels and hindered pancreatic ductal lesion formation and dysplastic severity, relative to a higher calorie control diet, in transgenic mice overexpressing COX-2 [bovine keratin-5 promoter (BK5.COX-2)]. These findings in CR mice correlated with reductions in Ki-67-positive cells, vascular luminal size, VEGF expression, and phosphorylation and total expression of downstream mediators of the IGF-1 pathway. Cell lines derived from BK5.COX-2 ductal lesions (JC101 cells) formed pancreatic tumors in wild-type FVB mice that were significantly reduced in size by a 14-week CR regimen, relative to the control diet. To further understand the impact of circulating levels of IGF-1 on tumor growth in this model, we orthotopically injected JC101 cells into liver-specific IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice. The approximate 65% reduction of serum IGF-1 levels in LID mice resulted in significantly decreased burden of JC101 tumors, despite modestly elevated levels of circulating insulin and leptin. These data show that CR prevents development of dysplasia and growth of pancreatic cancer through alterations in IGF-1, suggesting that modulation of this pathway with dietary and/or pharmacologic interventions is a promising pancreatic cancer prevention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Lashinger
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vishwamitra D, Shi P, Wilson D, Manshouri R, Vega F, Schlette EJ, Amin HM. Expression and effects of inhibition of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase in mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2011; 96:871-80. [PMID: 21330319 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.031567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase induces significant oncogenic effects. Strategies to block IGF-IR signaling are being tested in clinical trials that include patients with aggressive solid malignancies. Mantle cell lymphoma is a B-cell neoplasm with poor prognosis and a tendency to develop resistance. The expression and potential significance of IGF-IR in mantle cell lymphoma are not known. DESIGN AND METHODS We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of IGF-IR mRNA, and IGF-IR and pIGF-IR proteins in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and patients' specimens. Selective and specific blockade of IGF-IR was achieved using picropodophyllin and short-interfering RNA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular morphology, cell proliferation, and target proteins were then analyzed. RESULTS We detected the expression of IGF-IR and pIGF-IR in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. Notably, IGF-IR molecules/cell were markedly increased in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines compared with human B-lymphocytes. IGF-IR and pIGF-IR were also detected in 78% and 74%, respectively, of 23 primary mantle cell lymphoma specimens. Treatment of serum-deprived mantle cell lymphoma cell lines with IGF-I salvaged these cells from apoptosis. Selective inhibition of IGF-IR by picropodophyllin decreased the viability and proliferation of mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Selective inhibition of IGF-IR was associated with caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP cleavage, cytochrome c release, up-regulation of cyclin B1, and down-regulation of cyclin D1, pCdc2, pIRS-1, pAkt, and pJnk. Similar results were obtained by using IGF-IR short-interfering RNA. In addition, picropodophyllin decreased the viability and proliferation of primary mantle cell lymphoma cells that expressed IGF-IR. CONCLUSIONS IGF-IR is up-regulated and frequently activated in mantle cell lymphoma. Our data suggest that IGF-IR could be a molecular target for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, Unit 72, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Clayton PE, Banerjee I, Murray PG, Renehan AG. Growth hormone, the insulin-like growth factor axis, insulin and cancer risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7:11-24. [PMID: 20956999 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and insulin have potent growth-promoting and anabolic actions. Their potential involvement in tumor promotion and progression has been of concern for several decades. The evidence that GH, IGF-I and insulin can promote and contribute to cancer progression comes from various sources, including transgenic and knockout mouse models and animal and human cell lines derived from cancers. Assessments of the GH-IGF axis in healthy individuals followed up to assess cancer incidence provide direct evidence of this risk; raised IGF-I levels in blood are associated with a slightly increased risk of some cancers. Studies of human diseases characterized by excess growth factor secretion or treated with growth factors have produced reassuring data, with no notable increases in de novo cancers in children treated with GH. Although follow-up for the vast majority of these children does not yet extend beyond young adulthood, a slight increase in cancers in those with long-standing excess GH secretion (as seen in patients with acromegaly) and no overall increase in cancer with insulin treatment, have been observed. Nevertheless, long-term surveillance for cancer incidence in all populations exposed to increased levels of GH is vitally important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Clayton
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng X, Pentassuglia L, Sawyer DB. Emerging anticancer therapeutic targets and the cardiovascular system: is there cause for concern? Circ Res 2010; 106:1022-34. [PMID: 20360265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.211276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The race for a cure to cancer continues, fueled by unprecedented discoveries of fundamental biology underlying carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The expansion of the target list and tools to approach them is moving the oncology community extraordinarily rapidly to clinical trials, bringing new hope for cancer patients. This effort is also propelling biological discoveries in cardiovascular research, because many of the targets being explored in cancer play fundamental roles in the heart and vasculature. The combined efforts of cardiovascular and cancer biologists, along with clinical investigators in these fields, will be needed to understand how to safely exploit these efforts. Here, we discuss a few of the many research foci in oncology where we believe such collaboration will be particularly important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Peng
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, PRB 359B Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in proliferation and motility of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1854-8. [PMID: 20397262 PMCID: PMC2856825 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i15.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a molecular therapy for pancreatic cancer, the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling pathway was analyzed.
METHODS: Pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA-Paca2, NOR-P1, PANC-1, PK-45H, PK-1, PK-59 and KP-4) were cultured in media with 10 mL/L fetal bovine serum. Western blotting analysis was performed to clarify the expression of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). Picropodophyllin (PPP), a specific inhibitor of IGF-IR, LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase, were added to the media. After 72 h, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay was performed to analyze cell proliferation. A wound assay was performed to analyze cell motility with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining 48 h after addition of each inhibitor.
RESULTS: All cell lines clearly expressed not only IGF-IR but also phosphorylated IGF-IR. PPP significantly suppressed proliferation of MIA-Paca2, NOR-P1, PANC-1, PK-45H, PK-1, PK-59 and KP-4 cells to 36.9% ± 2.4% (mean ± SD), 30.9% ± 5.5%, 23.8% ± 3.9%, 37.1% ± 5.3%, 10.4% ± 4.5%, 52.5% ± 4.5% and 22.6% ± 0.4%, at 2 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). LY294002 significantly suppressed proliferation of MIA-Paca2, NOR-P1, PANC-1, PK-45H, PK-1, PK-59 and KP-4 cells to 44.4% ± 7.6%, 32.9% ± 8.2%, 53.9% ± 8.0%, 52.8% ± 4.0%, 32.3% ± 4.2%, 51.8% ± 4.5%, and 30.6% ± 9.4%, at 50 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). PD98059 did not significantly suppress cell proliferation. PPP at 2 μmol/L suppressed motility of MIA-Paca2, NOR-P1, PANC-1, PK-45H, PK-1, PK-59 and KP-4 cells to 3.0% ± 0.2%, 0%, 0%, 2.0% ± 0.1%, 5.0% ± 0.2%, 3.0% ± 0.1%, and 5.0% ± 0.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). LY294002 at 50 μmol/L suppressed motility of MIA-Paca2, NOR-P1, PANC-1, PK-45H, PK-1, PK-59 and KP-4 to 3.0% ± 0.2%, 0%, 3.0% ± 0.2%, 0%, 0%, 0% and 3% ± 0.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). PD980509 at 20 μmol/L did not suppress motility. Cells were observed by microscopy to analyze the morphological changes induced by the inhibitors. Cells in medium treated with 2 μmol/L PPP or 50 μmol/L LY294002 had pyknotic nuclei, whereas those in medium with 20 μmol/L PD98059 did not show apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: IGF-IR and PI3K are good candidates for molecular therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lang SA, Hackl C, Moser C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Koehl GE, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Stoeltzing O. Implication of RICTOR in the mTOR inhibitor-mediated induction of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her2) expression in gastrointestinal cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:435-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Mihaljevic AL, Michalski CW, Friess H, Kleeff J. Molecular mechanism of pancreatic cancer--understanding proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2010; 395:295-308. [PMID: 20237938 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-010-0622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this review is to highlight the molecular mechanisms leading to the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with particular emphasis on tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and metastasis. Recent advances in the field of PDAC biology have shed light on the molecular events that trigger PDAC initiation and maintenance. RESULTS It is now clear that apart from the genetic alterations within the tumor cells, interactions of the tumor with its environment are necessary for proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, a number of developmental signaling pathways are reactivated in PDAC. Progress has also been made in the understanding of the molecular events that govern the process of metastasis. CONCLUSION Although our understanding of the mechanisms underlying PDAC pathobiology are more advanced than ever, little progress has been made in the clinical treatment of PDAC, and successful bench-to-bedside transfer of knowledge to boost new treatment options is still unsatisfying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André L Mihaljevic
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mihaljevic AL, Esposito I, Friess H, Kleeff J. Molecular biology, models, and histopathology of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Eur Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-009-0496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Buchholz M, Gress TM. Molecular changes in pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2009; 9:1487-97. [PMID: 19828010 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As with many human malignancies, pancreatic cancer is a complex genetic disorder. Several thousand disease-associated alterations on the DNA, mRNA, miRNA and protein levels have been reported to date. Some of these alterations, including a number of gatekeeper mutations, which are of pre-eminent importance for the onset and progression of the disease, have been extensively studied in primary tissues, in vitro experiments and transgenic mouse models. For the vast majority of alterations, however, data about the functional significance are lacking. The situation is complicated by the fact that no certainty exists concerning the identity of the cells that originally undergo malignant transformation nor about the precise nature and fate of premalignant lesions that are observed in pancreatic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buchholz
- Klinik f. Innere Medizin, SP Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Johnson SK, Haun RS. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 influences pancreatic cancer cell growth. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3355-66. [PMID: 19610136 PMCID: PMC2712896 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the functional significance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) overexpression in pancreatic cancer (PaC).
METHODS: The effects of IGFBP-5 on cell growth were assessed by stable transfection of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines and measuring cell number and DNA synthesis. Alterations in the cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. Changes in cell survival and signal transduction were evaluated after mitogen activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor treatment.
RESULTS: After serum deprivation, IGFBP-5 expression increased both cell number and DNA synthesis in BxPC-3 cells, but reduced cell number in PANC-1 cells. Consistent with this observation, cell cycle analysis of IGFBP-5-expressing cells revealed accelerated cell cycle progression in BxPC-3 and G2/M arrest of PANC-1 cells. Signal transduction analysis revealed that Akt activation was increased in BxPC-3, but reduced in PANC-1 cells that express IGFBP-5. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1/2) activation in BxPC-3, but enhanced ERK1/2 activation in PANC-1 cells that express IGFBP-5. When MEK1/2 was blocked, Akt activation remained elevated in IGFBP-5 expressing PaC cells; however, inhibition of PI3K or MEK1/2 abrogated IGFBP-5-mediated cell survival.
CONCLUSION: These results indicate that IGFBP-5 expression affects the cell cycle and survival signal pathways and thus it may be an important mediator of PaC cell growth.
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang Y, Tian X, Xie X, Zhuang Y, Wu W, Wang W. Expression and regulation of hedgehog signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009; 395:515-25. [PMID: 19396459 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-009-0493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The overall 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is less than 5%, and has not improved significantly for years. Further understanding of the molecular carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer is critical for designing effective ways to treat this type of malignancy. METHODS In this study, we examine expression of hedgehog signaling molecules in 54 surgically removed pancreatic cancer specimens as well as seven available pancreatic cancer cell lines. RESULTS We find that expression of Ptch is associated with tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stages, whereas expression of Smo is associated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Our studies from pancreatic cancer cell lines indicate that targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling by Smo signaling inhibitor KAAD-cyclopamine causes hedgehog target gene expression (Gli1) suppression, induces P21 expression and G1 cell population, and reduced expression of Cyclin D1 and IGF2. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hedgehog signaling activation is a very common event in pancreatic cancer and that targeted inhibition of hedgehog signaling may be effective in treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinmo Yang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kwon J, Stephan S, Mukhopadhyay A, Muders MH, Dutta SK, Lau JS, Mukhopadhyay D. Insulin receptor substrate-2 mediated insulin-like growth factor-I receptor overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through protein kinase Cdelta. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1350-7. [PMID: 19190347 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) is an almost invariably fatal disease. Recently, it has been shown by several groups as well as ours that insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) overexpression is related to higher proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and highly invasive pancreatic tumors. Several studies have been carried out to understand the pathways that lead to growth factor-mediated signaling, but the molecular mechanism of receptor overexpression remains mostly unknown. Treatment with neutralizing antibodies or a specific kinase inhibitor against IGF-IR could block the receptor expression in PCA cells. Furthermore, we also showed that insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2, but not IRS-1, is involved in regulation of IGF-IR expression, which is most likely not transcriptional control. By blocking mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway with rapamycin as well as other biochemical analysis, we defined a unique regulation of IGF-IR expression mediated by protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and mTOR pathway. Moreover, we showed that the down-regulation of IGF-IR expression due to IRS-2 small interfering RNA can be compensated by overexpression of dominant-active mutant of PKCdelta, suggesting that PKCdelta is downstream of IGF-IR/IRS-2 axis. Overall, these findings suggest a novel regulatory role of IRS-2 on the expression of IGF-IR through PKCdelta and mTOR in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease and notoriously difficult to treat. Only a small proportion is curative by surgical resection, whilst standard chemotherapy for patients with advanced disease has only modest effect with substantial toxicity. Clearly there is a need for the continual development of novel therapeutic agents to improve the current situation. Improvement of our understanding of the disease has generated a large number of studies on biological approaches targeting the molecular abnormalities of pancreatic cancer, including gene therapy and signal transduction inhibition, antiangiogenic and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, oncolytic viral therapy and immunotherapy. This article provides a review of these approaches, both investigated in the laboratories and in subsequent clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hsi Wong
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moser C, Schachtschneider P, Lang SA, Gaumann A, Mori A, Zimmermann J, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Stoeltzing O. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) using NVP-AEW541, a small molecule kinase inhibitor, reduces orthotopic pancreatic cancer growth and angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:1577-86. [PMID: 18445520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is frequently overexpressed and constitutively activated in pancreatic cancer, thus representing a promising target for therapy. We investigated the impact of a novel inhibitor of IGF-IR (NVP-AEW541) on signalling and growth of pancreatic cancer. Human pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells were employed, and effects of NVP-AEW541 on signalling pathways investigated by Western blotting. NVP-AEW541 diminished the activation of IGF-IR, IRS-1, Erk, Akt and STAT3. Furthermore, NVP-AEW541 reduced cancer cell proliferation and abrogated migratory effects of IGF-I. NVP-AEW541 elicited a direct effect on endothelial cells in terms of reducing endothelial cell migration. In vivo, treatment of mice with NVP-AEW541 significantly reduced orthotopic pancreatic tumour growth, vascularisation, and VEGF expression. Interestingly, NVP-AEW541 lowered serum levels of IGF-binding-protein-3 (IGFBP-3). In conclusion, the IGF-IR inhibitor NVP-AEW541 effectively disrupts IGF-I signalling and reduces pancreatic tumour growth. Hence, blocking IGF-IR could prove valuable for targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moser
- Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lang SA, Moser C, Gaumann A, Klein D, Glockzin G, Popp FC, Dahlke MH, Piso P, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Stoeltzing O. Targeting heat shock protein 90 in pancreatic cancer impairs insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling, disrupts an interleukin-6/signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha autocrine loop, and reduces orthotopic tumor growth. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6459-68. [PMID: 17975158 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inhibitors of heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) may interfere with oncogenic signaling pathways, including Erk, Akt, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Because insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways are implicated in the progression of pancreatic cancer, we hypothesized that blocking Hsp90 with geldanamycin derivates [17-allylamino-geldanamycin (17-AAG), 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG)] would impair IGF-I- and interleukin-6-mediated signaling and thus reduce pancreatic tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Human pancreatic cancer cells (HPAF-II, L3.6pl) were used for experiments. Changes in signaling pathway activation upon Hsp90 blockade were investigated by Western blotting. Effects of Hsp90 inhibition (17-AAG) on vascular endothelial growth factor were determined by ELISA and real-time PCR. Effects of 17-DMAG (25 mg/kg; thrice a week; i.p.) on tumor growth and vascularization were investigated in a s.c. xenograft model and in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. RESULTS 17-AAG inhibited IGF-IR signaling by down-regulating IGF-IRbeta and directly impairing IGF-IR phosphorylation. Hypoxia- and IL-6-mediated activation of HIF-1alpha or STAT3/STAT5 were substantially inhibited by 17-AAG. Moreover, a novel IL-6/STAT3/HIF-1alpha autocrine loop was effectively disrupted by Hsp90 blockade. In vivo, 17-DMAG significantly reduced s.c. tumor growth and diminished STAT3 phosphorylation and IGF-IRbeta expression in tumor tissues. In an orthotopic model, pancreatic tumor growth and vascularization were both significantly reduced upon Hsp90 inhibition, as reflected by final tumor weights and CD31 staining, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Blocking Hsp90 disrupts IGF-I and IL-6-induced proangiogenic signaling cascades by targeting IGF-IR and STAT3 in pancreatic cancer, leading to significant growth-inhibitory effects. Therefore, we suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors could prove to be valuable in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stoeltzing O, Liu W, Fan F, Wagner C, Stengel K, Somcio RJ, Reinmuth N, Parikh AA, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in human pancreatic carcinoma cells by the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) system. Cancer Lett 2007; 258:291-300. [PMID: 17950526 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We hypothesized that IGF-IR is directly involved in induction of COX-2 and sought to investigate signaling pathways mediating this effect. Pancreatic cancer cells (L3.6pl) were stably transfected with a dominant-negative receptor (IGF-IR DN) construct or empty vector (pcDNA). Cells were stimulated with IGF-I to determine activated signaling intermediates and induction of COX-2. Signaling pathways mediating COX-2 induction were identified using signaling inhibitors. IGF-I up-regulated COX-2 selectively via the MAPK/(Erk-1/2) pathway. In addition, IGF-IR DN cells showed a marked decrease in constitutive COX-2 and a blunted response to IGF-I. Similarly, treatment with an anti-IGF-IR antibody effectively inhibited IGF-IR and MAPK/Erk activation and decreased COX-2 in parental cells. In conclusion, activation of IGF-IR mediates COX-2 expression in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stoeltzing
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal of all solid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive local invasion, early metastasis and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Increasing knowledge regarding the molecular events behind the growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer may lead to new targets for intervention. METHODS A search of Pubmed and Medline databases was undertaken using the keywords pancreatic cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, hypoxia, angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis therapy. RESULTS Hypoxia is the driving force behind angiogenesis in pancreatic cancers. Research into angiogenesis has shown many different sites that can be targeted by agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Anti-angiogenic therapy could be an important adjunct to conventional chemotherapy treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Garcea
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Muders MH, Dutta SK, Wang L, Lau JS, Bhattacharya R, Smyrk TC, Chari ST, Datta K, Mukhopadhyay D. Expression and regulatory role of GAIP-interacting protein GIPC in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10264-8. [PMID: 17079444 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling-GAIP-interacting protein COOH terminus (GIPC) is involved in protein trafficking, endocytosis, and receptor clustering and is associated with insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), a receptor important for proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Here, we described GIPC expression in different human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PCA) cell lines and we examined the role of GIPC in the regulation of IGF-IR protein levels in PCA. Interestingly, inhibition of GIPC expression by RNA interference led to reduced IGF-IR protein levels and a subsequent decrease in proliferation of PCA cells. We also determined that the PDZ domain of GIPC is essential for the post-translational regulation and the binding of IGF-IR. The importance of GIPC in pancreatic cancer development and progression is supported by tissue microarray data of 300 pancreatic cancer specimens where GIPC is highly expressed in PCA. Taken together, our data suggest that GIPC is a central molecule for the stability of IGF-IR and could be a target for future therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Muders
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hezel AF, Kimmelman AC, Stanger BZ, Bardeesy N, Depinho RA. Genetics and biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1218-49. [PMID: 16702400 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1415606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States with a median survival of <6 mo and a dismal 5-yr survival rate of 3%-5%. The cancer's lethal nature stems from its propensity to rapidly disseminate to the lymphatic system and distant organs. This aggressive biology and resistance to conventional and targeted therapeutic agents leads to a typical clinical presentation of incurable disease at the time of diagnosis. The well-defined serial histopathologic picture and accompanying molecular profiles of PDAC and its precursor lesions have provided the framework for emerging basic and translational research. Recent advances include insights into the cancer's cellular origins, high-resolution genomic profiles pointing to potential new therapeutic targets, and refined mouse models reflecting both the genetics and histopathologic evolution of human PDAC. This confluence of developments offers the opportunity for accelerated discovery and the future promise of improved treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aram F Hezel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu H, Moroi Y, Yasumoto S, Kokuba H, Imafuku S, Koga T, Masuda T, Tu Y, Furue M, Urabe K. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 protein in extramammary Paget's disease. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:586-91. [PMID: 16911286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (R)-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signal transduction cascade, which have critical roles in prevention of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle progression, plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The expression of IGF-1R, AKT and ERK1/2 has been described in some human malignancies, but not in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). OBJECTIVES To study the expression of IGF-1R, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 in EMPD and to evaluate the relationships among them. METHODS Thirty-six tissue samples of 34 patients with primary EMPD were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1R, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2. RESULTS Of thirty-six EMPD tissue samples, 34, 34 and 28 were positive for IGF-IR, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 expression, respectively; 27, 23 and 17 of the 36 specimens stained positive for IGF-IR, p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 in more than half of Paget's cells, respectively. There were significant correlations between the IGF-1R and p-AKT expression as well as between IGF-1R and p-ERK1/2 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that IGF-1R is overexpressed, and AKT and ERK1/2 are frequently phosphorylated in EMPD. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the expression of IGF-1R and the induction of p-AKT and the p-ERK1/2 pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EMPD. The IGF-IR system might be a potential therapeutic target in EMPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|