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Andole S, Thumma G, Alavala RR, Gangarapu K. Field-based 3D-QSAR for tyrosine protein kinase JAK-2 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5321-5333. [PMID: 37409931 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to develop a Field-based 3D-QSAR model with existing JAK-2 inhibitors. The JAK-STAT pathway is known to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Dysregulation of JAK-STAT is also linked to the development of myelofibrosis and other myeloproliferative diseases. JAK antagonists can be used in many areas of medicine. There are many compounds that already show inhibition of Jak-2. We have developed a Field-based 3D QSAR model which showed good correlation values (r2 0.884 and q2 0.67) with an external test set regression pred_r2 0.562. Various properties, such as electronegativity, electro positivity, hydrophobicity, and shape features, were studied under the activity atlas to determine the inhibitory potential of ligands. These were also identified as important structural features responsible for biological activity. We performed virtual screening based on the pharmacophore features of the co-crystal ligand (PDB ID: 3KRR) and a dataset of NPS was selected with a RMSD value less than 0.8. The developed 3D QSAR model was used to screen ligands and calculate the predicted JAK-2 inhibition activity (pKi). The results of the virtual screening were validated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. SNP1 (SN00154718) and SNP2 (SN00213825) showed binding affinity of -11.16 and -11.08 kcal/mol, respectively, which were very close to the crystal ligand of 3KRR, -11.67 kcal/mol. The RMSD plot of the protein-ligand complex of SNP1 and 3KRR showed stable interactions with an average RMSD of 2.89 Å. Thus, a statistically robust 3D QSAR model could reveal more inhibitors and aid in the design of novel JAK-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Andole
- School of Pharamcy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gouthami Thumma
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Hanamkonda, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Gangarapu
- School of Pharamcy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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2
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Chen CC, Chen JL, Lin AJH, Yu LHL, Hou HA. Association of JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1947-1965. [PMID: 38652240 PMCID: PMC11090937 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation is present in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV). One persistently puzzling aspect unresolved is the association between JAK2V617F allele burden (also known as variant allele frequency) and the relevant clinical characteristics. Numerous studies have reported associations between allele burden and both hematologic and clinical features. While there are strong indications linking high allele burden in PV patients with symptoms and clinical characteristics, not all associations are definitive, and disparate and contradictory findings have been reported. Hence, this study aimed to synthesize existing data from the literature to better understand the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and relevant clinical correlates. Out of the 1,851 studies identified, 39 studies provided evidence related to the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates, and 21 studies were included in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses of correlation demonstrated that leucocyte and erythrocyte counts were significantly and positively correlated with JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was not. Meta-analyses of standardized mean difference demonstrated that leucocyte and hematocrit were significantly higher in patients with higher JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was significantly lower. Meta-analyses of odds ratio demonstrated that patients who had higher JAK2V617F allele burden had a significantly greater odds ratio for developing pruritus, splenomegaly, thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and acute myeloid leukemia. Our study integrates data from approximately 5,462 patients, contributing insights into the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and various hematological parameters, symptomatic manifestations, and complications. However, varied methods of data presentation and statistical analyses prevented the execution of high-quality meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 613, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Justin L Chen
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., A Pharmaessentia Company, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Alex Jia-Hong Lin
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., A Pharmaessentia Company, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Lennex Hsueh-Lin Yu
- Medical Affairs Department, Panco Healthcare Co., Ltd., A Pharmaessentia Company, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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3
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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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4
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Itonaga H, Mookhtiar AK, Greenblatt SM, Liu F, Martinez C, Bilbao D, Rains M, Hamard PJ, Sun J, Umeano AC, Duffort S, Chen C, Man N, Mas G, Tottone L, Totiger T, Bradley T, Taylor J, Schürer S, Nimer SD. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CARM1 promotes its enzymatic activity and alters its target specificity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3415. [PMID: 38649367 PMCID: PMC11035800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic component of tyrosine kinase signaling is the phosphorylation of histones, and epigenetic readers, writers, and erasers. Phosphorylation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), have been shown to enhance and impair their enzymatic activity. In this study, we show that the hyperactivation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) by the V617F mutation phosphorylates tyrosine residues (Y149 and Y334) in coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), an important target in hematologic malignancies, increasing its methyltransferase activity and altering its target specificity. While non-phosphorylatable CARM1 methylates some established substrates (e.g. BAF155 and PABP1), only phospho-CARM1 methylates the RUNX1 transcription factor, on R223 and R319. Furthermore, cells expressing non-phosphorylatable CARM1 have impaired cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis, compared to cells expressing phosphorylatable, wild-type CARM1, with reduced expression of genes associated with G2/M cell cycle progression and anti-apoptosis. The presence of the JAK2-V617F mutant kinase renders acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells less sensitive to CARM1 inhibition, and we show that the dual targeting of JAK2 and CARM1 is more effective than monotherapy in AML cells expressing phospho-CARM1. Thus, the phosphorylation of CARM1 by hyperactivated JAK2 regulates its methyltransferase activity, helps select its substrates, and is required for the maximal proliferation of malignant myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Itonaga
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sarah M Greenblatt
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Masai Rains
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Center for Epigenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gloria Mas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Luca Tottone
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Terrence Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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5
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Sun S, Rodriguez G, Zhao G, Sanchez JE, Guo W, Du D, Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Hu D, Liu J, Kirken RA, Li L. A novel approach to study multi-domain motions in JAK1's activation mechanism based on energy landscape. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae079. [PMID: 38446738 PMCID: PMC10939344 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The family of Janus Kinases (JAKs) associated with the JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway plays a vital role in the regulation of various cellular processes. The conformational change of JAKs is the fundamental steps for activation, affecting multiple intracellular signaling pathways. However, the transitional process from inactive to active kinase is still a mystery. This study is aimed at investigating the electrostatic properties and transitional states of JAK1 to a fully activation to a catalytically active enzyme. To achieve this goal, structures of the inhibited/activated full-length JAK1 were modelled and the energies of JAK1 with Tyrosine Kinase (TK) domain at different positions were calculated, and Dijkstra's method was applied to find the energetically smoothest path. Through a comparison of the energetically smoothest paths of kinase inactivating P733L and S703I mutations, an evaluation of the reasons why these mutations lead to negative or positive regulation of JAK1 are provided. Our energy analysis suggests that activation of JAK1 is thermodynamically spontaneous, with the inhibition resulting from an energy barrier at the initial steps of activation, specifically the release of the TK domain from the inhibited Four-point-one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin-PK cavity. Overall, this work provides insights into the potential pathway for TK translocation and the activation mechanism of JAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Sun
- Department of Biomedical Informatic, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Gaoshu Zhao
- Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Jason E Sanchez
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Dan Du
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar J Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Dehua Hu
- Department of Biomedical Informatic, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
- Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, TX 79968, USA
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6
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Feng L, Zhang X, Li W, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Li M. Proteomics reveals that Di Dang decoction can regulate the Jak2/Stat5 signaling pathway and inhibit apoptosis by reducing the oxidative stress response in rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115816. [PMID: 36223845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Di Dang decoction (DDD) is a prescription used for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. Its use is derived from the theory of typhoid fever, it has an obvious clinical effect and it has been used in the clinic for a long time. The results of early quantitative proteomics and targeted proteomics studies showed that the administration of high-dose DDD 7 days may regulate the expression of the proteins S100A8, S100A9, Col1a1 and Col1a2. The first 3 days after bleeding begins is the critical period for intervention, what occurs within approximately 3 days after AICH is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effects of Di Dang decoction (DDD) on the Jak2/Stat5 signaling pathway and apoptosis-related gene expression in rats with acute hemorrhagic stroke via the oxidative stress response by proteomics to reveal its neuroprotective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control, model, and low-, medium-, and high-dose DDD groups, with 18 rats in each group. An acute intracerebral hemorrhage (AICH) model was established by injecting autologous blood into the caudate nucleus. The low-, medium- and high-dose groups were intragastrically administered 0.15625 g/mL, 0.3125 g/mL and 0.625 g/mL DDD, respectively, for 1 or 3 days. The control and model groups were given the same amount of normal saline. Neurological deficits were evaluated by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test, brain water content was measured to assess brain tissue damage, and pathological changes in the lesion site were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The cerebral cortex was selected for quantitative proteomics, and >1.2/1 and <1/1.2 were used as the thresholds for upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of the differentially expressed proteins were conducted. The levels of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to assess p-Jak2, Jak2, p-Stat5, Stat5, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 protein expression. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the group treated with high-dose DDD for 3 days exhibited significant improvements in neurological defects, brain histopathology, and brain edema; reduced the level of MDA and significantly increased the levels of CAT and SOD; significantly decreased p-Jak2 and p-Stat5 protein expression and expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and c-Caspase-3; and significantly increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-dose DDD administration for 3 days reduces the oxidative stress response, regulates the Jak2/Stat5 signaling pathway and inhibits apoptosis to exert a neuroprotective effect in rats with acute hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Mingquan Li
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 6,3',4´- and 7,3´,4´-Trihydroxyflavone on 2D and 3D RAW264.7 Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010204. [PMID: 36671068 PMCID: PMC9855077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary flavones 6,3´,4´-trihydroxyflavone (6,3´,4´-HOFL) and 7,3´,4´-trihydroxyflavone (7,3´,4´-HOFL) showed preliminary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model. However, their action mechanisms remain unclear, and the anti-inflammatory activities have not been studied in a reliable three-dimensional (3D) cell model. Therefore, in the current study, the antioxidant potency was examined by their scavenging ability of cellular reactive oxygen species. Anti-inflammatory activities were examined via their inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators in vitro on 2D and 3D macrophage models, and their mechanisms were determined through transcriptome. In the 3D macrophages, two flavones were less bioactive than they were in 2D macrophages, but they both significantly suppressed the overexpression of proinflammatory mediators in two cell models. The divergent position of the hydroxyl group on the A ring resulted in activity differences. Compared to 6,3´,4´-HOFL, 7,3´,4´-HOFL showed lower activity on NO, IL-1β suppression, and c-Src binding (IC50: 12.0 and 20.9 µM) but higher ROS-scavenging capacity (IC50: 3.20 and 2.71 µM) and less cytotoxicity. In addition to the IL-17 and TNF pathways of 6,3´,4´-HOFL, 7,3´,4´-HOFL also exerted anti-inflammatory activity through JAK-STAT, as indicated by the RNA-sequencing results. Two flavones showed prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on 2D and 3D models.
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8
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Alafnan A, Alamri A, Hussain T, Rizvi SMD. Cucurbitacin-B Exerts Anticancer Effects through Instigation of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest within Human Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells via Downregulating JAK/STAT Signaling Cascade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101229. [PMID: 36297341 PMCID: PMC9609558 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin-B (Cur-B) is an analogue triterpenoid belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Previous reports have explicitly outlined various biological activities of Cucurbitaceae family members, including the anticancer activity of Cur-B. In the present study, we tried to elucidate the anticancer efficacy of Cur-B against prostate cancer PC3 cells. PC3 cells were exposed to purified Cur-B at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µM for 24. Cur-B exposure reduced cell viability of PC3 cells at 5 µM (p < 0.05), with further reduction with increased Cur-B concentration (15 µM, p < 0.01 and 25 µM, p < 0.001). Cur-B also succeeded in instigating nuclear fragmentation and condensation, followed by activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3 proportionally with increasing concentrations of Cur-B. Treatment with Cur-B also instigated ROS-mediated oxidative stress both qualitatively and quantitatively at 5 µM, p < 0.05; 15 µM, p < 0.01 and 25 µM, p < 0.001. Increased ROS after Cur-B treatment also led to dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby resulting in considerable apoptosis (p < 0.001), which, again, was proportionally dependent on Cur-B concentration. Cur-B exposure to PC3 cells was concomitantly followed by reduced cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression and augmented mRNA expression of CDK inhibitor p21Cip1. Intriguingly, Cur-B exposure also led to considerable downregulation of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade, which may be the reason behind Cur-B-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest within PC3 cells. Therefore, these observations explicitly establish that Cur-B could serve in the prevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Antonia RJ, Karelehto E, Toriguchi K, Matli M, Warren RS, Pfeffer LM, Donner DB. STAT3 regulates inflammatory cytokine production downstream of TNFR1 by inducing expression of TNFAIP3/A20. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4591-4601. [PMID: 35841281 PMCID: PMC9357623 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) potently induces a transient inflammatory response that must be downregulated once any invasive stimulus has resolved. Yet, how TNF‐induced inflammation is shut down in normal cells is incompletely understood. The present study shows that STAT3 was activated in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) by treatment with TNF or an agonist antibody to TNFR1. STAT3 activation was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase that associates with TNFR1. To identify STAT3 target genes, global transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was performed in wild‐type MEFs and MEFs from STAT3 knockout (STAT3KO) mice that were stimulated with TNF, and the results were validated at the protein level by using multiplex cytokine assays and immunoblotting. After TNF stimulation, STAT3KO MEFs showed greater gene and protein induction of the inflammatory chemokines Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 than WT MEFs. These observations show that, by activating STAT3, TNF selectively modulates expression of a cohort of chemokines that promote inflammation. The greater induction by TNF of chemokines in STAT3KO than WT MEFs suggested that TNF induced an inhibitory protein in WT MEFs. Consistent with this possibility, STAT3 activation by TNFR1 increased the expression of Tnfaip3/A20, a ubiquitin modifying enzyme that inhibits inflammation, in WT MEFs but not in STAT3KO MEFs. Moreover, enforced expression of Tnfaip3/A20 in STAT3KO MEFs suppressed proinflammatory chemokine expression induced by TNF. Our observations identify Tnfaip3/A20 as a new downstream target for STAT3 which limits the induction of Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 and inflammation induced by TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Antonia
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eveliina Karelehto
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kan Toriguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Matli
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert S Warren
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lawrence M Pfeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (College of Medicine), and the Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David B Donner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ichii M, Oritani K, Toda J, Hosen N, Matsuda T, Kanakura Y. Signal-transducing adaptor protein-1 and protein-2 in hematopoiesis and diseases. Exp Hematol 2021; 105:10-17. [PMID: 34780812 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune signals are involved in stressed hematopoiesis under myeloablation, infection, chronic inflammation, and aging. These signals also affect malignant pathogenesis, and the dysregulated immune environment which causes the resistance to treatment. On activation, various types of protein tyrosine kinases in the cytoplasm mediate the cascade, leading to the transcription of target genes in the nucleus. Adaptor molecules are commonly defined as proteins that lack enzymatic activity, DNA-binding or receptor functions and possess protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction domains. By binding to specific domains of signaling molecules, adaptor proteins adjust the signaling responses after the ligation of receptors of soluble factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors. The signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP) family regulates various intracellular signaling pathways. These proteins have a pleckstrin homology domain in the N-terminal region and an SRC-homology 2-like domain in the central region, representing typical binding structures as adapter proteins. Following the elucidation of the effects of STAPs on terminally differentiated immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, mast cells, and basophils, recent findings have indicated the critical roles of STAP-2 in B-cell progenitor cells in marrow under hematopoietic stress and STAP-1 and -2 in BCR-ABL-transduced leukemogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of STAPs in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Jun Toda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Targeted Sequencing Identifies the Genetic Variants Associated with High-altitude Polycythemia in the Tibetan Population. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:556-565. [PMID: 35747576 PMCID: PMC9209555 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is characterized by excessive proliferation of erythrocytes, resulting from the hypobaric hypoxia condition in high altitude. The genetic variants and molecular mechanisms of HAPC remain unclear in highlanders. We recruited 141 Tibetan dwellers, including 70 HAPC patients and 71 healthy controls, to detect the possible genetic variants associated with the disease; and performed targeted sequencing on 529 genes associated with the oxygen metabolism and erythrocyte regulation, utilized unconditional logistic regression analysis and GO (gene ontology) analysis to investigate the genetic variations of HAPC. We identified 12 single nucleotide variants, harbored in 12 genes, associated with the risk of HAPC (4.7 ≤ odd ratios ≤ 13.6; 7.6E − 08 ≤ p-value ≤ 1E − 04). The pathway enrichment study of these genes indicated the three pathways, the PI3K-AKT pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, and HIF-1 pathway, are essential, which p-values as 3.70E − 08, 1.28 E − 07, and 3.98 E − 06, respectively. We are hopeful that our results will provide a reference for the etiology research of HAPC. However, additional genetic risk factors and functional investigations are necessary to confirm our results further.
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12
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Li ZY, Sun XY. Recent progress in SRC targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:621-627. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i12.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of only 10% and is extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic drugs is urgently needed. SRC is a proto-oncogenic tyrosine protein kinase and highly expressed in more than 70% of PCs. SRC is involved in regulating the proliferation, infiltration, and metastasis of PC cells as well as tumor angiogenesis, thus representing one of the most promising molecular targets for developing novel drugs. Preclinical studies demonstrate that small-molecule SRC inhibitors display significant anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo, and have a synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapy drugs against PC. Some SRC inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials. This article analyzes the regulatory mechanism of SRC and the recent progress and problems in developing drugs targeting SRC for the treatment of PC. Unfortunately, up to date no SRC inhibitor or regiment containing SRC inhibitors has been approved for the clinical treatment of PC. In the authors' opinion, the introduction of precision medicine principles to carry out SRC inhibitor clinical trials, combination of immunotherapy and SRC inhibitors, seeking more selective and effective SRC inhibitors, and further exploration of the SRC regulatory network may be the future directions for developing SRC-targeted therapies against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Li
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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13
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Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Satija S, Wadhwa R, Paudel KR, Chellappan DK, Mohammad S, Haghi M, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Advancing of Cellular Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Diseases Using Nanocarrier Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5380-5392. [PMID: 33198611 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201116161143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell Signaling pathways form an integral part of our existence that allows the cells to comprehend a stimulus and respond back. Such reactions to external cues from the environment are required and are essential to regulate the normal functioning of our body. Abnormalities in the system arise when there are errors developed in these signals, resulting in a complication or a disease. Presently, respiratory diseases contribute to being the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide. According to the current statistics, over 339 million people are asthmatic, 65 million are suffering from COPD, 2.3 million are lung cancer patients and 10 million are tuberculosis patients. This toll of statistics with chronic respiratory diseases leaves a heavy burden on society and the nation's annual health expenditure. Hence, a better understanding of the processes governing these cellular pathways will enable us to treat and manage these deadly respiratory diseases effectively. Moreover, it is important to comprehend the synergy and interplay of the cellular signaling pathways in respiratory diseases, which will enable us to explore and develop suitable strategies for targeted drug delivery. This review, in particular, focuses on the major respiratory diseases and further provides an in-depth discussion on the various cell signaling pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Moreover, the review also analyses the defining concepts about advanced nano-drug delivery systems involving various nanocarriers and propose newer prospects to minimize the current challenges faced by researchers and formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shiva Mohammad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
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Multiplexed single-cell mass cytometry reveals distinct inhibitory effects on intracellular phosphoproteins by midostaurin in combination with chemotherapy in AML cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 33531064 PMCID: PMC7852110 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor serves as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately one-third of AML patients carry mutation in FLT3, associated with unfavourable prognosis and high relapse rate. The multitargeted kinase inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412) in combination with standard chemotherapy (daunorubicin and cytarabine) was recently shown to increase overall survival of AML patients. For that reason, PKC412 has been approved for treatment of AML patients with FLT3-mutation. PKC412 synergizes with standard chemotherapy, but the mechanism involved is not fully understood and the risk of relapse is still highly problematic. Methods By utilizing the unique nature of mass cytometry for single cell multiparameter analysis, we have explored the proteomic effect and intracellular signaling response in individual leukemic cells with internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) after midostaurin treatment in combination with daunorubicin or cytarabine. Results We have identified a synergistic inhibition of intracellular signaling proteins after PKC412 treatment in combination with daunorubicin. In contrast, cytarabine antagonized phosphorylation inhibition of PKC412. Moreover, we found elevated levels of FLT3 surface expression after cytarabine treatment. Interestingly, the surface localization of FLT3 receptor increased in vivo on the blast cell population of two AML patients during day 3 of induction therapy (daunorubicin; once/day from day 1–3 and cytarabine; twice/day from day 1–7). We found FLT3 receptor expression to correlate with intracellular cytarabine (AraC) response. AML cell line cultured with AraC with or without PKC412 had an antagonizing phosphorylation inhibition of pAKT (p = 0.042 and 0.0261, respectively) and pERK1/2 (0.0134 and 0.0096, respectively) in FLT3high compared to FLT3low expressing cell populations. Conclusions Our study provides insights into how conventional chemotherapy affects protein phosphorylation of vital signaling proteins in human leukemia cells. The results presented here support further investigation of novel strategies to treat FLT3-mutated AML patients with PKC412 in combination with chemotherapy agents and the potential development of novel treatment strategies.
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15
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020603. [PMID: 33435349 PMCID: PMC7826746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types of tumors and depends on mechanisms such as hyperactivation of receptors for pro-oncogenic cytokines and growth factors, loss of negative regulation, and excessive cytokine stimulation. In contrast, somatic STAT3 mutations are less frequent in cancer. Several oncogenic targets of STAT3 have been recently identified such as c-myc, c-Jun, PLK-1, Pim1/2, Bcl-2, VEGF, bFGF, and Cten, and inhibitors of STAT3 have been developed for cancer prevention and treatment. However, despite the oncogenic role of STAT3 having been widely demonstrated, an increasing amount of data indicate that STAT3 functions are multifaced and not easy to classify. In fact, the specific cellular role of STAT3 seems to be determined by the integration of multiple signals, by the oncogenic environment, and by the alternative splicing into two distinct isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. On the basis of these different conditions, STAT3 can act both as a potent tumor promoter or tumor suppressor factor. This implies that the therapies based on STAT3 modulators should be performed considering the pleiotropic functions of this transcription factor and tailored to the specific tumor type.
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Karnas E, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Kmiotek-Wasylewska K, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Ryszawy D, Sarna M, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Leukemia 2021; 35:2964-2977. [PMID: 34140648 PMCID: PMC8478657 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45dimLin-CD34+ cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Karnas
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sekuła-Stryjewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Laboratory of Stem Cell Biotechnology, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek-Wasylewska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Liu LK, Chen XX, Gao RL, Wang KJ, Zheng WY, Liu HP. A cytokine receptor domeless promotes white spot syndrome virus infection via JAK/STAT signaling pathway in red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103749. [PMID: 32505616 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is pivotal in immune responses for a variety of pathogens in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Domeless (Dome), as a unique cytokine receptor, involves in the upstream JAK/STAT pathway in invertebrates. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of a cytokine receptor Dome was identified from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (named as CqDome), which contained an open reading frame of 4251 bp, encoding 1416 amino acids. The CqDome contained extracellular conservative domains of a signal peptide, two cytokine binding modules (CBM), three fibronectin-type-III-like (FN3) domains and a transmembrane region. Tissue distribution analysis showed that CqDome generally expressed in all the tissues selected with a high expression in hemocyte. The gene expression of both the viral immediately early gene (IE1) and a late gene envelope protein VP28 of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were significantly decreased after gene silencing of CqDome in crayfish haematopoietic tissue (Hpt) cells, indicating a key role of CqDome in promoting WSSV infection. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of CqSTAT was significantly inhibited by gene silencing of CqDome in Hpt cells, indicating that CqDome participated in signal transduction of JAK/STAT pathway in red claw crayfish. These data together suggest that CqDome is likely to promote WSSV infection via JAK/STAT pathway, which sheds new light on further elucidation of the pathogenesis of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rui-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wen-Yun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, PR China.
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Zebrafish for thrombocytopoiesis- and hemostasis-related researches and disorders. BLOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2:44-49. [PMID: 35402814 PMCID: PMC8975081 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play vital roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and vascular biology. Platelets are also active participants in the immune responses. As vertebrates, zebrafish have a highly conserved hematopoietic system in the developmental, cellular, functional, biochemical, and genetic levels with mammals. Thrombocytes in zebrafish are functional homologs of mammalian platelets. Here, we summarized thrombocyte development, function, and related research techniques in zebrafish, and reviewed available zebrafish models of platelet-associated disorders, including congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, inherited thrombocytopenia, essential thrombocythemia, and blood coagulation disorders such as gray platelet syndrome. These elegant zebrafish models and methods are crucial for understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of thrombocyte development and function, and provide deep insights into related human disease pathophysiology and drug development.
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Xu D, Liu T, He L, Han D, Ma Y, Du J. LncRNA MEG3 inhibits HMEC-1 cells growth, migration and tube formation via sponging miR-147. Biol Chem 2020; 401:601-615. [PMID: 31863691 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been identified as a regulatory molecule in angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to illustrate how MEG3 affects the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells. Expression of MEG3, miR-147 and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) was altered by transfection, then cell viability, apoptosis, migration, tube formation, as well as the correlation among MEG3, miR-147 and ICAM-1 were explored. MEG3 was down-regulated during tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. MEG3 expression suppressed cells viability, migration and tube formation, while it induced apoptosis. MEG3 could bind with miR-147 and repress miR-147 expression. MiR-147 induced ICAM-1 expression, and contained ICAM-1 target sequences. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 were inhibited by miR-147, and the anti-atherogenic actions of miR-147 suppression were also inhibited when ICAM-1 was overexpressed. Further, ICAM-1 overexpression showed activated roles in Wnt/β-catenin and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. In low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)−/− mice, MEG3 overexpression reduced CD68+, CD3+ and ICAM-1 areas in lesions and increased collagen content. MEG3 inhibited HMEC-1 cell growth, migration and tube formation. The anti-atherogenic actions of MEG3 might be mediated via sponging miR-147, and thereby repressing the expression of ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Tianji Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun130033, China
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Phospho-Profiling Linking Biology and Clinics in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Hemasphere 2019; 4:e312. [PMID: 32072137 PMCID: PMC7000467 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Aberrant activation of key signaling-molecules is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. AML summarizes several disease entities with a variety of genetic subtypes. A comprehensive model spanning from signal activation patterns in major genetic subtypes of pediatric AML (pedAML) to outcome prediction and pre-clinical response to signaling inhibitors has not yet been provided. We established a high-throughput flow-cytometry based method to assess activation of hallmark phospho-proteins (phospho-flow) in 166 bone-marrow derived pedAML samples under basal and cytokine stimulated conditions. We correlated levels of activated phospho-proteins at diagnosis with relapse incidence in intermediate (IR) and high risk (HR) subtypes. In parallel, we screened a set of signaling inhibitors for their efficacy against primary AML blasts in a flow-cytometry based ex vivo cytotoxicity assay and validated the results in a murine xenograft model. Certain phospho-signal patterns differ between genetic subtypes of pedAML. Some are consistently seen through all AML subtypes such as pSTAT5. In IR/HR subtypes high levels of GM-CSF stimulated pSTAT5 and low levels of unstimulated pJNK correlated with increased relapse risk overall. Combination of GM-CSF/pSTAT5high and basal/pJNKlow separated three risk groups among IR/HR subtypes. Out of 10 tested signaling inhibitors, midostaurin most effectively affected AML blasts and simultaneously blocked phosphorylation of multiple proteins, including STAT5. In a mouse xenograft model of KMT2A-rearranged pedAML, midostaurin significantly prolonged disease latency. Our study demonstrates the applicability of phospho-flow for relapse-risk assessment in pedAML, whereas functional phenotype-driven ex vivo testing of signaling inhibitors may allow individualized therapy.
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March-Rodriguez Á, Bellosillo B, Álvarez-Larrán A, Besses C, Pujol RM, Toll A. Rapidly Growing and Aggressive Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Patient Treated with Ruxolitinib. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:204-208. [PMID: 33911570 PMCID: PMC7992689 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis and for polycythemia patients who are resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. We report a 72 year-old man patient with polycythemia vera who developed multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) with keratoacanthoma-like histological features while on treatment with ruxolitinib. Similar lesions have been reported in an isolated patient who also received ruxolitinib. Our case confirms that ruxolitinib may induce eruptive cSCCs with characteristic clinical and histological features that differentiate them from conventional non-drug induced lesions. Moreover, we performed a mutational panel analysis of the tumors. The lack of specific mutations in these tumors suggests an impairment of immunosurveillance in the origin of the cutaneous lesions. Frequent and thorough dermatological examinations in patients receiving ruxolitinib with a history of photodamage, skin cancer and/or previous hydroxyurea intake is thus recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Besses
- Department of Hematology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Damele L, Montaldo E, Moretta L, Vitale C, Mingari MC. Effect of Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitors on NK Cell and ILC3 Development and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2433. [PMID: 30405627 PMCID: PMC6207002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKI) sharply improved the prognosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and of Philadelphia+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) patients. However, TKI are not curative because of the development of resistance and lack of complete molecular remission in the majority of patients. Clinical evidences would support the notion that patient's immune system may play a key role in preventing relapses. In particular, increased proportions of terminally differentiated CD56+CD16+CD57+ NK cells have been reported to be associated with successful Imatinib therapy discontinuation or with a deep molecular response in Dasatinib-treated patients. In view of the potential role of NK cells in immune-response against CML, it is important to study whether any TKI have an effect on the NK cell development and identify possible molecular mechanism(s) by which continuous exposure to in vitro TKI may influence NK cell development and repertoire. To this end, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were cultured in the absence or in the presence of Imatinib, Nilotinib, or Dasatinib. We show that all compounds exert an inhibitory effect on CD56+ cell recovery. In addition, Dasatinib sharply skewed the repertoire of CD56+ cell population, leading to an impaired recovery of CD56+CD117-CD16+CD94/NKG2A+EOMES+ mature cytotoxic NK cells, while the recovery of CD56+CD117+CD94/NKG2A-RORγt+ IL-22-producing ILC3 was not affected. This effect appears to involve the Dasatinib-mediated inhibition of Src kinases and, indirectly, of STAT5-signaling activation in CD34+ cells during first days of culture. Our studies, reveal a possible mechanism by which Dasatinib may interfere with the proliferation and maturation of fully competent NK cells, i.e., by targeting signaling pathways required for differentiation and survival of NK cells but not of ILC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Damele
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area Lab, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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24
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Arora L, Kumar AP, Arfuso F, Chng WJ, Sethi G. The Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and Its Targeted Inhibition in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090327. [PMID: 30217007 PMCID: PMC6162647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT protein family, can be phosphorylated by receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAKs) in response to stimulation by cytokines and growth factors. It forms homo- or heterodimers that can translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been found to be associated with initiation and progression of various cancers. It can exert proliferative as well as anti-apoptotic effects. This review focuses on the role of STAT3 in pathogenesis i.e., proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis of hematological malignancies viz. leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, and briefly highlights the potential therapeutic approaches developed against STAT3 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukik Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Chen X, Zhou J, Li X, Wang X, Lin Y, Wang X. Exosomes derived from hypoxic epithelial ovarian cancer cells deliver microRNAs to macrophages and elicit a tumor-promoted phenotype. Cancer Lett 2018; 435:80-91. [PMID: 30098399 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cancer has been considered to be a complex system that includes the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most common immune-related stromal cells in the TME, and communication between cancer cells and TAMs is crucial for the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we revealed that exosomes derived from EOC cells remodel macrophages to a tumor-promoted phenotype, namely TAMs. In addition, hypoxic microenvironments have been postulated to facilitate this process in the TME, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play an important role in this process. We found that TAMs educated by hypoxic exosomes derived from EOC cells promote tumor proliferation and migration in a feedback loop. Based on microarray analysis of normoxic and hypoxic exosomes, we discovered that a panel of miRNAs was enriched in hypoxic exosomes. And these three highly expressed miRNAs were induced by hypoxia via HIFs. In this study, we revealed that under hypoxic conditions, EOC cell-derived exosomes deliver miRNAs to induce M2 macrophage polarization, which promotes EOC cell proliferation and migration. This study suggests that these exosomes and associated miRNAs might serve as targets for novel treatments or diagnostic biomarkers for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieru Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong Jiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Han S, Guo C, Zhang QX, Chang CK. [Effect of iron chelation therapy on EPO-Stat5 signaling pathway and Treg expression in IPSS low risk/medium risk-1 group myelodysplastic syndrome patients]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2018; 39:336-338. [PMID: 29779334 PMCID: PMC7342130 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C K Chang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201306, China
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27
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Kurt H, Jorgensen JL, Amin HM, Patel KP, Wang SA, Lin P, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Loghavi S, Thakral B, Khogeer HA, Jabbour EJ, Li S, Yin CC, Medeiros LJ, Khoury JD. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells: A single-institution review with emphasis on relative utility of multimodality diagnostic tools. Eur J Haematol 2018; 100:444-454. [PMID: 29385279 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells (CLPD-NK) manifests as a persistent increase (≥2 × 109 /L, for > 6 months) of mature NK-cells in peripheral blood with an indolent clinical course. The disease is rare, and only limited case series have been published. METHODS We retrospectively studied 11 patients with CLPD-NK diagnosed at our institution between 2005 and 2017. RESULTS Patients included 7 men and 4 women with a median age of 60 years (range, 25-89 years). Ten patients (91%) had cytopenias. Bone marrow involvement by CLPD-NK ranged from 5-15%. The most commonly detected antigenic aberrancies by low cytometry immunophenotyping were as follows: CD7decreased/dim (30%), CD8uniform+ (36%), CD56-/partial (73%), CD94bright (55%), and KIR restriction (100%). JAK/STAT pathway mutations were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) patients and involved STAT3 (n = 7) and JAK3 (n = 1). The presence of mutations tended to correlate with the occurrence of other cytopenias (anemia/thrombocytopenia) and requirement for treatment. Seven patients received single-agent therapy, with amelioration of symptoms; 4 patients were observed. There were no disease-associated deaths or progression to more aggressive disease during the follow-up interval (median, 17 months). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLPD-NK have an indolent clinical course and frequent hematologic manifestations that are responsive to single-agent therapy. Mutations in STAT3 are common and portend more pronounced clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibe Kurt
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jorgensen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei Lin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haitham A Khogeer
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoying Li
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Mori R, Wauman J, Icardi L, Van der Heyden J, De Cauwer L, Peelman F, De Bosscher K, Tavernier J. TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15919. [PMID: 29162862 PMCID: PMC5698428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in homeostatic and host defense processes in the human body. It is activated by numerous cytokines and growth factors and generates a series of cellular effects. Of the STAT-mediated signal transduction pathways, STAT3 transcriptional control is best understood. Jak kinase dependent activation of STAT3 relies on Y705 phosphorylation triggering a conformational switch that is stabilized by intermolecular interactions between SH2 domains and the pY705 motif. We here show that a second tyrosine phosphorylation within the SH2 domain at position Y640, induced by Tyk2, negatively controls STAT3 activity. The Y640F mutation leads to stabilization of activated STAT3 homodimers, accelerated nuclear translocation and superior transcriptional activity following IL-6 and LIF stimulation. Moreover, it unlocks type I IFN-dependent STAT3 signalling in cells that are normally refractory to STAT3 transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mori
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Wauman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Icardi
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Università vita-salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - José Van der Heyden
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Argenx BVBA Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Peelman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Fusion of the genes ataxin 2 like, ATXN2L, and Janus kinase 2, JAK2, in cutaneous CD4 positive T-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103775-103784. [PMID: 29262599 PMCID: PMC5732765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired mutations were recently described in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas for the JAK1, JAK3, STAT3, and STAT5B genes of the JAK-STAT pathway. In the present study, RNA-sequencing of a primary cutaneous CD4 positive T-cell lymphoma carrying a three-way t(9;13;16)(p24;q34;p11) chromosome translocation showed that JAK2 from chromosome band 9p24 was rearranged and fused to a novel partner gene, ATXN2L, from 16p11. RT-PCR together with Sanger sequencing verified the presence of the ATXN2L-JAK2 fusion transcript. The ATXN2L-JAK2 fusion gene would code for a chimeric protein containing all domains of ATXN2L and the catalytic domain of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase. The ATXN2L-JAK2 chimeric protein could lead to constitutive activation of the downstream JAK-STAT signaling pathway in a manner similar to that seen for other JAK2 fusion proteins.
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30
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Keller A, Wingelhofer B, Peter B, Bauer K, Berger D, Gamperl S, Reifinger M, Cerny-Reiterer S, Moriggl R, Willmann M, Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E. The JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in canine mastocytoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:55-68. [PMID: 28397975 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastocytoma are frequently diagnosed cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. In non-resectable mastocytoma patients, novel targeted drugs are often applied. The transcription factor STAT5 has been implicated in the survival of human neoplastic mast cells (MC). Our study evaluated the JAK2/STAT5 pathway as a novel target in canine mastocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed inhibitors of JAK2 (R763, TG101348, AZD1480, ruxolitinib) and STAT5 (pimozide, piceatannol) and evaluated their effects on 2 mastocytoma cell lines, C2 and NI-1. RESULTS Activated JAK2 and STAT5 were detected in both cell lines. The drugs applied were found to inhibit proliferation and survival in these cells with the following rank-order of potency: R763 > TG101348 > AZD1480 > pimozide > ruxolitinib > piceatannol. Moreover, synergistic anti-neoplastic effects were obtained by combining pimozide with KIT-targeting drugs (toceranib, masitinib, nilotinib, midostaurin) in NI-1 cells. CONCLUSION The JAK2/STAT5 pathway is a novel potential target of therapy in canine mastocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Reifinger
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Clinic, Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Clinic, Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Zhu X, Liu R, Guan J, Zeng W, Yin J, Zhang Y. Jak2a regulates erythroid and myeloid hematopoiesis during zebrafish embryogenesis. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:758-763. [PMID: 28824311 PMCID: PMC5562130 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.18907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an attractive vertebrate model for the molecular dissection of disease mechanisms. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) has been defined through studies of cytokine signaling pathways in mammals. Here, we examined the expression level of Jak2a, which is a homolog of mammalian jak2 in zebrafish, by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, and the peak of mRNA expression occurred at 3.75 hours post fertilization (hpf). The overexpression of Jak2a was proven by real-time Q-PCR and Western blot in 1-4-cell stage embryos injected with 400 ng/µl full-length jak2a mRNA as well as gfi1.1, gata1, mpo and β-embryonic hemoglobin as detected by real-time Q-PCR. Moreover, jak2a mRNA significantly increased the GFP+ population in the transgenic zebrafish lines Tg (gata1: gfp) (uninjected embryos: 17.22±1.70%; embryos injected with jak2a mRNA: 21.31±2.11%, p<0.01) and Tg (mpo: gfp) (uninjected embryos: 3.86±1.94; embryos injected with jak2a mRNA: 6.64±1.30%, p<0.01) compared with the control group. Thus, our data indicate that Jak2a plays an important role in erythropoiesis and myeloid hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.,Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei442000, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan integrated TCM & Western Medicine hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5a and STAT5b) are highly homologous proteins that are encoded by 2 separate genes and are activated by Janus-activated kinases (JAK) downstream of cytokine receptors. STAT5 proteins are activated by a wide variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cytokines and growth factors, all of which use the JAK-STAT signalling pathway as their main mode of signal transduction. STAT5 proteins critically regulate vital cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The physiological importance of STAT5 proteins is underscored by the plethora of primary human tumors that have aberrant constitutive activation of these proteins, which significantly contributes to tumor cell survival and malignant progression of disease. STAT5 plays an important role in the maintenance of normal immune function and homeostasis, both of which are regulated by specific members of IL-2 family of cytokines, which share a common gamma chain (γ(c)) in their receptor complex. STAT5 critically mediates the biological actions of members of the γ(c) family of cytokines in the immune system. Essentially, STAT5 plays a critical role in the function and development of Tregs, and consistently activated STAT5 is associated with a suppression in antitumor immunity and an increase in proliferation, invasion, and survival of tumor cells. Thus, therapeutic targeting of STAT5 is promising in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Rani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster , London, United Kingdom
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33
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Byelinska IV, Lynchak OV, Tsyvinska SM, Rybalchenko VK. [MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF BLOOD CELLS AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF THE PROTEIN KINASES INHIBITOR MALEIMIDE DERIVATIVE]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:71-7. [PMID: 26552308 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the protein kinases inhibitor maleimide derivative (MI-1, 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-Cl-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), inhibitor of VEGF-R1,2,3, FGF-R1, EGF-R(h), PDK1, Src(h), Syk(h), YES, ZAP70 et al. with antineoplastic activity, on blood cells parameters of rats after chronic exposure has been studied. Administration of MI-1 at doses 0.027 and 2.7 mg/kg (suppress colon carcinogenesis) for 20 and 26 weeks does not affect the morphofunctional state of red blood cells in healthy rats. This is confirmed by the lack of differences in the concentration of hemoglobin in blood, red blood cells count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, and the number of reticulocytes in blood after 20 and 26 weeks of exposure compared with the control group. MI-1 at indicated doses does not influence total leukocytes count and content (eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes) and does not inhibit thrombocytopoiesis (platelet count remains unchanged). No negative effect of MI-1 on hematopoiesis is not limited (by the hemopoietic system) use of this compound as a potential antitumor drug
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Interleukin-17 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF production of cancer cells via the STAT3/GIV signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16053. [PMID: 26524953 PMCID: PMC4630609 DOI: 10.1038/srep16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of IL-17-positive cells is observed in a variety of inflammatory associated cancers and IL-17 has been found to be involved in angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear how IL-17 might contribute to tumor angiogenesis. In our study, IL-17 enhanced the formation of vessel-like tubes in HUVECs both directly (when HUVECs were incubated with IL-17) and indirectly (when HUVECs were incubated in conditioned cell media (CCM) from IL-17-treated cancer cells). Our results from experiments using siRNA-mediated knockdowns of STAT3 and GIV suggest that the effects of IL-17 were mediated by activating STAT3/GIV signaling in NSCLC cells and subsequently up-regulating its downstream target VEGF. Consistent with these findings, immunostaining experiments on human NSCLC tissues indicated that IL-17 and GIV expression were significantly and positively associated with increased tumor vascularity. The clinical significance of IL-17 was authenticated by our finding that the combination of intratumoral IL-17 + cells and GIV expression served as a better prognosticator for survival than either marker alone. Therefore, our finding highlights a novel aspect of STAT3/GIV pathway in the IL-17 promotes tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC.
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Constitutive Activation of Interleukin-13/STAT6 Contributes to Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Related Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cell Proliferation and Survival. J Virol 2015; 89:10416-26. [PMID: 26246572 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01525-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway has been associated with numerous human malignancies, including primary effusion lymphomas (PELs). PEL, a cancerous proliferation of B cells, is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Previously we identified constitutive phosphorylation of STAT6 on tyrosine 641 (p-STAT6(C)) in PEL cell lines BC3 and BCBL1; however, the molecular mechanism leading to this activation remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that STAT6 activation tightly correlates with interleukin-13 (IL-13) secretion, JAK1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and reduced expression of SHP1 due to KSHV infection. Moreover, p-STAT6(C) and reduction of SHP1 were also observed in KS patient tissue. Notably, blockade of IL-13 by antibody neutralization dramatically inhibits PEL cell proliferation and survival. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-13/STAT6 signaling is modulated by KSHV to promote host cell proliferation and viral pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE STAT6 is a member of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, whose activation is linked to KSHV-associated cancers. The mechanism through which STAT6 is modulated by KSHV remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that constitutive activation of STAT6 in KSHV-associated PEL cells results from interleukin-13 (IL-13) secretion and reduced expression of SHP1. Importantly, we also found that depletion of IL-13 reduces PEL cell growth and survival. This discovery provides new insight that IL-13/STAT6 plays an essential role in KSHV pathogenesis.
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Akada H, Akada S, Hutchison RE, Sakamoto K, Wagner KU, Mohi G. Critical role of Jak2 in the maintenance and function of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1878-89. [PMID: 24677703 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Jak2, a member of the Janus kinase family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases, is activated in response to a variety of cytokines, and functions in survival and proliferation of cells. An activating JAK2V617F mutation has been found in most patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, and patients treated with Jak2 inhibitors show significant hematopoietic toxicities. However, the role of Jak2 in adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has not been clearly elucidated. Using a conditional Jak2 knockout allele, we have found that Jak2 deletion results in rapid loss of HSCs/progenitors leading to bone marrow failure and early lethality in adult mice. Jak2 deficiency causes marked impairment in HSC function, and the mutant HSCs are severely defective in reconstituting hematopoiesis in recipient animals. Jak2 deficiency also causes significant apoptosis and loss of quiescence in HSC-enriched LSK (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+)) cells. Jak2-deficient LSK cells exhibit elevated reactive oxygen species levels and enhanced p38 MAPK activation. Mutant LSK cells also show defective Stat5, Erk, and Akt activation in response to thrombopoietin and stem cell factor. Gene expression analysis reveals significant downregulation of genes related to HSC quiescence and self-renewal in Jak2-deficient LSK cells. These data suggest that Jak2 plays a critical role in the maintenance and function of adult HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Akada
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Zappacosta F, Scott GF, Huddleston MJ, Annan RS. An Optimized Platform for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography–Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography Enables Deep Coverage of the Rat Liver Phosphoproteome. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:997-1009. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappacosta
- Proteomics
and Biological
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Gilbert F. Scott
- Proteomics
and Biological
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Michael J. Huddleston
- Proteomics
and Biological
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Roland S. Annan
- Proteomics
and Biological
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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Heixuedian (heix), a potential melanotic tumor suppressor gene, exhibits specific spatial and temporal expression pattern during Drosophila hematopoiesis. Dev Biol 2014; 398:218-30. [PMID: 25530181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila heixuedian (heix) is the ortholog of human UBIAD1 gene (a.k.a TERE1). The protein product of UBIAD1/heix has multiple enzymatic activities, including the vitamin K2 and the non-mitochondrial CoQ10 biosynthesis. However, the expression pattern of UBIAD1/Heix during metazoan development has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we found that loss of function of heix resulted in pathological changes of larval hematopoietic system, including lymph gland hypertrophy, hemocyte overproliferation and aberrant differentiation, and melanin mass formation. Overexpression of heix cDNA under the tubulin Gal4 driver rescued the above hematopoietic defects. Interestingly, Heix was specifically expressed in plasmatocyte/macrophage lineage in srp driven EGFP positive cells on the head mesoderm during embryogenesis, while it was highly expressed in crystal cells in the primary lobes of the third instar larval lymph gland. Using qRT-PCR analysis, loss of function of heix caused aberrant activation of multiple hemocyte proliferation-related as well as immune-related pathways, including JAK/STAT pathway, Ras/MAPK pathway, IMD pathway and Toll pathway. These data suggested that heix is a potential melanotic tumor suppressor gene and plays a pivotal role in both hemocytes proliferation and differentiation in Drosophila.
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Bruserud Ø, Nepstad I, Hauge M, Hatfield KJ, Reikvam H. STAT3 as a possible therapeutic target in human malignancies: lessons from acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 8:29-41. [PMID: 25374305 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.971005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STAT3 is important for transcriptional regulation in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAT3 has thousands of potential DNA binding sites but usually shows cell type specific binding preferences to a limited number of these. Furthermore, AML is a very heterogeneous disease, and studies of the prognostic impact of STAT3 in human AML have also given conflicting results. A more detailed characterization of STAT3 functions and the expression of various isoforms in human AML will therefore be required before it is possible to design clinical studies of STAT3 inhibitors in this disease, and it will be especially important to investigate whether the functions of STAT3 differ between patients. Several other malignancies also show extensive biological heterogeneity, and the present discussion and the suggested scientific approaches may thus be relevant for other cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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An endoplasmic reticulum stress-initiated sphingolipid metabolite, ceramide-1-phosphate, regulates epithelial innate immunity by stimulating β-defensin production. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4368-78. [PMID: 25312644 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00599-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are ubiquitous innate immune elements in epithelial tissues. We recently discovered that a signaling lipid, the ceramide metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), regulates production of a major AMP, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), in response to a subtoxic level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can be induced by external perturbants in keratinocytes. We hypothesized that an ER stress-initiated signal could also regulate production of another major class of AMPs: i.e., the human beta-defensins 2 (hBD2) and 3 (hBD3). Keratinocytes stimulated with a pharmacological ER stressor, thapsigargin (Tg), increased hBD2/hBD3 as well as CAMP mRNA expression. While inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate production did not alter hBD expression following ER stress, blockade of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) suppressed Tg-induced hBD2/hBD3 but not CAMP expression. Exogenous C1P also increased hBD2/hBD3 production, indicating that C1P stimulates hBD expression. We showed further that C1P-induced hBD2/hBD3 expression is regulated by a novel pathway in which C1P stimulates downstream hBD via a cPLA2a→15d-PGJ2→PPARα/PPARβ/δ→Src kinase→STAT1/STAT3 transcriptional mechanism. Finally, conditioned medium from C1P-stimulated keratinocytes showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In summary, our present and recent studies discovered two new regulatory mechanisms of key epidermal AMP, hBD2/hBD3 and CAMP. The C1P and S1P pathways both signal to enhance innate immunity in response to ER stress.
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Inhibition of activated STAT5 in Bcr/Abl expressing leukemia cells with new pimozide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4568-4574. [PMID: 25131537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATs are transcription factors acting as intracellular signaling after stimulation with cytokines, growth factors and hormones. STAT5 is also constitutively active in many forms of cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Recently, literature reported that the neuroleptic drug pimozide inhibits STAT5 phosphorylation inducing apoptosis in CML cells. We undertook an investigation from pimozide structure, obtaining simple derivatives with cytotoxic and STAT5-inhibitory activity, two of them markedly more potent than pimozide.
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Shintani T, Ohara-Waki F, Kitanaka A, Tanaka T, Kubota Y. Cbl negatively regulates erythropoietin-induced growth and survival signaling through the proteasomal degradation of Src kinase. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 53:211-8. [PMID: 25084697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the biological functions of the gene Cbl in erythropoietin (EPO) signaling using Cbl-deficient F-36P human erythroleukemia cells by the introduction of the Cbl siRNA expression vector. Knockdown of Cbl promoted EPO-dependent proliferation and survival of F-36P cells, especially at a low concentration of EPO (0.01U/mL), similar to serum concentrations of EPO in healthy volunteers (0.005-0.04U/mL). We found that Src was degraded mainly by the proteasomal pathway because the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 but not the lysosome inhibitor NH4Cl suppressed the EPO-induced degradation of Src in F-36P cells and that knockdown of Cbl inhibited EPO-induced ubiquitination and degradation of Src in F-36P cells. The experiments using the Src inhibitor PP1 and co-expression experiments further confirmed that Cbl and the kinase activity of Src are required for the EPO-induced ubiquitination of Src. In addition, the co-expression experiments and in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that the EPO-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Cbl were dependent on the kinase activity of Src but not Jak2. Thus, Cbl negatively regulates EPO signaling mainly through the proteasome-dependent degradation of Src, and the E3 ligase activity of Cbl and its tyrosine phosphorylation are regulated by Src but not Jak2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Shintani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fusako Ohara-Waki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Kagawa 760-0017, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Terukazu Tanaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kubota
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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Cao C, Zhao G, Yu W, Xie X, Wang W, Yang R, Lv X, Liu D. Activation of STAT3 stimulates AHSP expression in K562 cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:488-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Woetzel D, Huber R, Kupfer P, Pohlers D, Pfaff M, Driesch D, Häupl T, Koczan D, Stiehl P, Guthke R, Kinne RW. Identification of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients by transcriptome-based rule set generation. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R84. [PMID: 24690414 PMCID: PMC4060460 DOI: 10.1186/ar4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from patients with other inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases or healthy individuals purely on the basis of genes differentially expressed in high-throughput data has proven very difficult. Thus, the present study sought to achieve such discrimination by employing a novel unbiased approach using rule-based classifiers. METHODS Three multi-center genome-wide transcriptomic data sets (Affymetrix HG-U133 A/B) from a total of 79 individuals, including 20 healthy controls (control group - CG), as well as 26 osteoarthritis (OA) and 33 RA patients, were used to infer rule-based classifiers to discriminate the disease groups. The rules were ranked with respect to Kiendl's statistical relevance index, and the resulting rule set was optimized by pruning. The rule sets were inferred separately from data of one of three centers and applied to the two remaining centers for validation. All rules from the optimized rule sets of all centers were used to analyze their biological relevance applying the software Pathway Studio. RESULTS The optimized rule sets for the three centers contained a total of 29, 20, and 8 rules (including 10, 8, and 4 rules for 'RA'), respectively. The mean sensitivity for the prediction of RA based on six center-to-center tests was 96% (range 90% to 100%), that for OA 86% (range 40% to 100%). The mean specificity for RA prediction was 94% (range 80% to 100%), that for OA 96% (range 83.3% to 100%). The average overall accuracy of the three different rule-based classifiers was 91% (range 80% to 100%). Unbiased analyses by Pathway Studio of the gene sets obtained by discrimination of RA from OA and CG with rule-based classifiers resulted in the identification of the pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant interferon-gamma and GM-CSF pathways. CONCLUSION First-time application of rule-based classifiers for the discrimination of RA resulted in high performance, with means for all assessment parameters close to or higher than 90%. In addition, this unbiased, new approach resulted in the identification not only of pathways known to be critical to RA, but also of novel molecules such as serine/threonine kinase 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Woetzel
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rene Huber
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Kupfer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Pohlers
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
- Present address: Center of Diagnostics GmbH, Chemnitz Hospital, Flemmingstr. 2, 09116 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Pfaff
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Driesch
- BioControl Jena GmbH, Wildenbruchstraße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Stiehl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 24, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
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Wang SW, Sun YM. The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway: potential therapeutic strategies in treating colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1032-40. [PMID: 24430672 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the cytokines linked to inflammation-associated cancer, interleukin (IL)-6 drives many of the cancer 'hallmarks' through downstream activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. Additionally, dysregulation of the interleukin (IL)-6-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is closely related to the development of diverse human solid tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). On this basis, modulation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is currently being widely explored to develop novel therapies for CRC. The present review details the mechanisms and roles of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in CRC, describes current therapeutic strategies, and the search for potential therapeutic approaches to treat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Sun
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Piazza F, Semenzato G. Molecular therapeutic approaches to acute myeloid leukemia: targeting aberrant chromatin dynamics and signal transduction. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 4:387-400. [PMID: 15161438 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.4.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia research and clinical management have greatly benefited from the achievements in molecular biology regarding the identification of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of transformation and resistance to therapy. In particular, two categories of alterations, the aberrant activity of transcription/chromatin-remodeling factors and the deregulated activation of signal transduction pathways, have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in leukemic cell differentiation, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. These molecular lesions have proven to be suitable therapeutic targets in acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia and are now also seen as therapeutic targets for a wider group of leukemic disorders. The development of novel drugs such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, demethylating agents and inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases may potentially benefit acute myeloid leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piazza
- Padova University School of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Hematological Malignancies, via Orus 2 35129 Padova, Italy.
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Patnaik MM, Tefferi A. Molecular diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 9:481-92. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Meynard D, Sun CC, Wu Q, Chen W, Chen S, Nelson CN, Waters MJ, Babitt JL, Lin HY. Inflammation regulates TMPRSS6 expression via STAT5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82127. [PMID: 24376517 PMCID: PMC3871639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS6 is a regulated gene, with a crucial role in the regulation of iron homeostasis by inhibiting hepcidin expression. The main regulator of iron homeostasis, the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin, which also has a role in immunity, is directly upregulated by inflammation. In this study, we analyzed whether inflammation is also a modulator of TMPRSS6 expression in vitro and in vivo and we determined the mechanism of this regulation A Human Hepatoma cell line was treated with interleukin-6 and mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide and TMPRSS6 expression and the regulatory mechanism were addressed. In this study, we demonstrate that inflammation downregulates TMPRSS6 expression in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation of Tmprss6 by inflammation in mice is not dependent on the Bmp-Smad pathway but occurs through a decrease in Stat5 phosphorylation. Moreover, Stat5 positively regulates Tmprss6 expression directly by binding to a Stat5 element located on the Tmprss6 promoter. Importantly, our results highlight the functional role of inflammatory modulation of TMPRSS6 expression in the regulation of hepcidin. TMPRSS6 inhibition via decreased STAT5 phosphorylation may be an additional mechanism by which inflammation stimulates hepcidin expression to regulate iron homeostasis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Meynard
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DM); (HYL)
| | - Chia Chi Sun
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qifang Wu
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shanzhuo Chen
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline N. Nelson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Michael J. Waters
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Babitt
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Herbert Y. Lin
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DM); (HYL)
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Lim KH, Ramakrishna S, Baek KH. Molecular mechanisms and functions of cytokine-inducible deubiquitinating enzymes. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:427-31. [PMID: 23773437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), a class of cysteine proteases which counteract the action of protein ubiquitination, hydrolyze ubiquitin from its specific targeted proteins. Approximately, 100 DUBs have been found from yeast to human, and they can be classified into at least 5 families based on their structures and functions. Most DUBs are involved in regulation of intracellular processes including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, immunity, reproduction, and target gene transcription. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the physiological functions of cytokine-inducible DUBs such as DUB-1, DUB-2, and DUB-3/USP17, in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in lymphocytes. Here, we have summarized the structure and functions of cytokine-inducible DUBs and their biological functions in regulating several interleukin-associated signaling pathways. Finally, we emphasize the importance of small molecules for cytokine-inducible DUBs for developing promising drug therapeutics for immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do 463-840, Republic of Korea
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